Author: Kayla Gill

With 9 years in the rehab space, Kayla has overseen the creation of comprehensive addiction treatment content for online audiences worldwide. Her experience managing content for a luxury destination rehab, and her personal path to healing via residential rehab and various therapeutic modalities, inform her first-hand understanding of recovery. She takes inclusion seriously and is especially interested in how trauma and minority experiences shape readers’ journeys.
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7 Signs of Self-Medicating With Drugs or Alcohol: Recognizing Unhealthy Coping Behaviors

Self-medication is the use of drugs or alcohol as a coping strategy. In many cultures, this behavior is normalized. Phrases like “take the edge off” or “drown your sorrows” downplay the seriousness of self-medicating. It can quickly escalate to substance abuse. Recognizing the signs of self-medicating and getting treatment early on are key to avoiding addiction and keeping your life on track. 

Self-Medication Explained

Self-medication is the use of substances, like drugs and alcohol, to cope with mental or emotional distress. It also includes taking prescription drugs without medical supervision. 

Everyone experiences stress, difficult emotions, or challenging situations, but it’s important to learn how to manage them in ways that don’t cause further harm. Unhealthy coping strategies include anything that negatively impacts your mental or physical health. That includes substance use. 

Using substances to feel better may offer temporary relief, but it carries harmful risks. Self-medication often develops into a substance use disorder.1 It’s also very common. One study showed that up to 24.1% of people with mood disorders used drugs or alcohol to cope. 

To prevent this from happening to you, watch for these warning signs:

1. Using Substances to Cope With Your Emotions

Using substances to deal with stress, anxiety may not seem harmful at first, especially when it’s so normalized. In many countries, using alcohol to manage burnout and stress is common. However, alcohol is a drug, just like any other substance. And suppressing emotions with substances only prolongs the issue and prevents you from growing your emotional resilience. 

Unresolved stress is linked to increasing substance use2 over time. Increasing your substance intake causes you to build tolerance. And when that happens, your body requires more of a substance to feel the same effects as before. Tolerance is a sign that you’re heading toward addiction.3 While substances offer temporary relief, ultimately, they only make problems worse.

2. Escaping Reality: Isolating and Avoiding Problems

Someone who is self-medicating uses substances to detach from everyday life. This can look like neglecting responsibilities, isolating, and emotionally numbing.

Ignoring responsibilities is a sign that substances are taking priority over other areas of life. Teens with addiction tend to miss school4 and other important milestones. Adults might miss deadlines, or not show up for work. In the long run, these decisions impact career prospects and increase financial stress. 

Substance abuse fuels isolation.5 You might withdraw from social events or distance yourself from your support network. And social withdrawal makes mental health issues worse. Too much social isolation leads to anxiety6 and depression, and increases the risk of heart disease and dementia.  

When emotional pain becomes too much to bear, it’s natural to want to escape it—and substances present an easy way to feel better. If you slip into this behavior, it doesn’t mean you’re broken; it means you’re human. 

Being able to recognize when this is happening is a great first step towards healing. Fortunately, you have several avenues for recovery, from individual therapy to residential rehab.

3. Mood Swings and Emotional Instability

Emotional instability and self-medication feed into each other. Some people self-medicate to avoid difficult emotions, making it hard to process them healthily. Substances also alter your brain chemistry and affect areas that play a role in mood regulation. For example, drugs and alcohol decrease levels of GABA,7 a brain chemical that helps you stay calm. 

Mood swings are sudden mood changes that vary in intensity and duration:

  • Increased irritability 
  • Hyperactivity 
  • Angry outbursts
  • Paranoia or anxiety with no apparent cause 
  • Unusual giddiness 
  • Strong reactions to minor stressors

A long-term effect of self-medicating includes substance-induced mood disorder,8 in which someone develops depressive, anxious, psychotic, or manic symptoms as a result of substance use. Another long-term symptom is emotional dependence, or relying on substances to feel “normal.”

4. Changes in Routine and Priorities

Changes in routine and priorities are worrying signs of self-medication. These can look different for different people:

  • A teen might prioritize substances over school.   
  • An employee might be far less productive than usual, or miss work. 
  • A spouse might lose interest in spending time with their loved one.

Several factors cause these changes. Substances interfere with the brain’s dopamine-based reward system, reducing your ability to feel pleasure. That’s why when you’re depressed, things you normally enjoy may no longer interest you at all. 

These changes to the brain’s reward system can cause cravings.9 And cravings have a powerful impact on priorities, making it hard to focus on anything else. When this happens, important responsibilities—even relationships—take a back seat. You might start changing your daily routine to accommodate substance use. 

5. Decline in Health and Physical Well-Being

A dip in your physical health indicates that self-medicating has become a problem. Substance abuse takes a toll on the body.10 Because these issues aren’t always noticeable at the surface level, they’re often overlooked. For example, self-medicating with alcohol over a few years impairs your liver’s ability to regenerate. While it might not be apparent for some time, long-term drinking causes permanent liver damage.11 This is generally irreversible and reduces life expectancy.  

There are other, more immediate health concerns related to substance use: 

  • Unexplained health problems, such as fatigue or pain 
  • Weight fluctuations
  • Engaging in risky sexual behavior or other decisions that jeopardize your health
  • Missing doctor visits due to substance use

Physical and mental health depend on each other. It’s hard to treat one without addressing the other. That’s why many mental health treatment programs also focus on physical wellness, with options like nutrition therapy, personal training, yoga, and more.

6. Relationship Strain and Isolation

When self-medicating becomes a go-to coping mechanism, it shakes the foundation of our relationships. You might notice rifts between you and the people in your life. Conflicts with loved ones due to substance use12 are a common experience. They arise for a number of reasons:

  • Drugs and alcohol impair your judgment, making it hard to maintain healthy dynamics.
  • Long-term substance abuse can lead to mood and personality changes.
  • You may prioritize drugs or alcohol over relationships and spend less time with others.
  • You might act in ways that erode trust.
  • Addiction leads to financial and legal issues, putting further strain on relationships. 

Self-medicating can be isolating—loneliness is typical among people with who regularly use substances. In one study, up to 71% of people with substance use problems reported feeling lonely.13 If you’re struggling with isolation, remember that you have options for support. You can confide in a therapist, find community in support groups, or seek solace in group therapy.

7. Decline in Work or School Performance

A decline in work or school performance is an indicator of self-medication. Some people show a sharp drop in performance, while others decline more gradually (such as with high-functioning alcoholism). While it may seem like you can keep up appearances, this lifestyle isn’t sustainable. It’s a sign of shifting priorities. In the U.S. alone, alcohol use disorder is linked to 232 million missed workdays14 per year.

Poor work performance can lead to job loss, heightening stress and anxiety.

A Path to Healing: Find Professional Help for Self-Medication

If self-medicating is how you cope with life’s challenges, you’re likely doing yourself more harm than good.  

Thankfully, there are plenty of healthier ways to cope, and various avenues for learning them. If you’re ready for support, you can explore treatment options and compare providers based on what they treat, price, insurance accepted, and more. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Self-Medicating With Substances

What are the signs of self-medicating with drugs or alcohol?

Self-medicating is using drugs or alcohol to cope with mental or emotional distress. It can cause mood swings, increase social isolation, and lead to health issues. Here are some common signs of self-medication:

– Using substances to cope with stress, anxiety, or other emotions
– Escaping reality, isolating, and avoiding problems
– Mood swings and emotional instability
– Changes in routine and priorities
– Decline in health and physical well-being
– Relationship strain and isolation
– Decline in work or school performance

What are the risks of self-medicating with drugs or alcohol?

Self-medicating with drugs or alcohol has several negative consequences:

– Addiction
– Mood disorders
– Social problems, such as relationship strains, job loss, and financial issues
– Difficulty managing emotions in a healthy way
– Building tolerance to drugs or alcohol

What can I do if I’m self-medicating with drugs or alcohol?

If you’re self-medicating with drugs or alcohol, it’s a good idea to seek treatment early. There are a number of treatment options available, including individual therapy, group therapy, counseling, and support groups. These can help you understand the root cause of your behavior, learn healthy coping tools, and receive open-minded support.
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How to Get Mental Health Treatment if You Can’t Afford It

There are ways to afford therapy, even under financial constraints. From different therapy formats to low- or no-cost care, you can support your mental well-being on a budget. 

Mental health treatment can be expensive. And unfortunately, cost is one of the main barriers to getting help. Here are some alternatives to private, full-cost care:

Getting Mental Health Treatment Through Health Insurance

If you have health insurance, your provider may help cover mental health treatment costs. Insurers must offer the same level of coverage for both mental health conditions and physical health. That means many plans cover mental health services, like therapy and medication. It’s important to review your policy to learn what’s covered and what your out-of-pocket expenses might be. For details on deductibles, copayments, the number of therapy sessions covered, and more, you should call your provider directly. 

If you have a health insurance plan through Medicaid, you’re eligible for mental health benefits.1 These plans cover mental health conditions, serious mental illness, and substance use disorders. Out-of-pocket costs vary by state. In some states, co-payment for therapy2 is between $2 to $4 per session. 

What Are Your Alternatives?

Besides health insurance, there are other ways to get mental health treatment without breaking the bank. 

Find a Provider Who Accepts a Sliding-Scale Fee

Some providers accept a sliding-scale fee. That means they adjust costs based on your income. Certain private-practice therapists and rehab centers accept this payment structure. During an initial call with a potential provider, ask if they offer a sliding-scale fee and their criteria for eligibility. Some may also offer pro bono services for those who can’t afford a fee. 

Enroll in Virtual Therapy 

Virtual therapy is an increasingly popular way to get mental health treatment. It’s generally more affordable than in-person visits. A virtual therapy session in the U.S. costs3 between $65 to $129, on average. In-person therapy usually lands between $100 to $200 per session. 

Several rehabs also offer online therapy with different levels of care. Common options include one-on-one therapy, virtual intensive outpatient programs (IOPs), and stepped-down care following inpatient rehab. Online therapy lets you save on travel expenses and gives you access to expert care from the comfort of your home. 

Join Group Therapy (Versus One-on-One)

Group therapy is an affordable alternative to individual therapy. In some cases, group therapy is half the cost of one-on-one therapy.4 Sessions typically involve 6 to 12 patients led by one or more therapists. This fosters connections that are important to the healing process. Several studies show group therapy is as effective as individual therapy.5 

Ask About an Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

If you’re employed, your workplace may offer an Employee Assistance Program. Nearly 98% of mid to large companies in the U.S. offer EAPs.6 These programs provide confidential support to employees dealing with personal challenges, including mental health concerns. Most EAPs include counseling sessions at no cost to employees. Ask your human resources department about exactly what’s covered. 

See a Provider-in-Training

Therapists-in-training offer a low-cost alternative to licensed pracitioners. They’re usually student interns or working towards a Ph.D. in psychology. A therapist-in-training practices under the guidance of an experienced clinician and can provide counseling. Sessions often start at $60, compared to $100 for a licensed therapist. You can find a therapist-in-training at universities, training institutions, and certain community programs. If your mental health concerns are more complex, you may require a more experienced mental health professional. 

Find a Support Group

Navigating mental health challenges alone is isolating. It’s often reassuring to find others who share your experience. That’s exactly what support groups provide. In these regular meetings, facing similar issues come together to offer emotional support, share stories, hold each other accountable, and more. Support groups are usually free. You can find groups for various mental health concerns:

Explore Community Programs

Community programs are a valuable resource for affordable mental health care. Local organizations, non-profits, and community mental health centers (CMHCs) offer free or low-cost care. Services range from therapy and support groups to workshops and more. 

Each state has a government website (.gov) with information about community mental health centers in the area. For example, Massachusetts’ CMHC website includes a directory with local contact details. The cost of treatment will depend on your location, income, and insurance status. Some CMHCs offer free treatment, while others charge a sliding-scale fee. Once eligible, you’ll be assigned a therapist who will work with you to lay out a treatment plan.

Read Self-Help Books

Self-help books are a cost-effective way to find inspiration and learn more about coping with mental health issues. While they’re not a substitute for treatment, they provide people with a better understanding of their situation—and often, hope. Popular self-help books are written by licensed psychologists7 offering professional advice. Since you can find them at your local library or online, they’re an accessible way to support your healing journey.

Explore Additional Resources to Support Your Well-Being

Taking care of your mental health is extremely important. And you have ways to give yourself the care you need without breaking your budget—though the process may not always feel straightforward. By learning about your mental health treatment options, you’re already moving in the right direction.   

Frequently Asked Questions About Affording Mental Health Treatment

What are some low-cost alternatives for mental health treatment?

Low-cost mental health treatment is available. Some providers offer sliding-scale fees with costs based on income. Virtual and group therapy are often more cost-effective than in-person, individual treatment. For example, virtual therapy costs between $65 to $129 per session while in-person therapy is usually $100 to $200. Community mental health centers offer affordable treatment, often based on your income.

What is sliding-scale therapy and how does it work?

Some therapists accept a sliding-scale fee, meaning they adjust rates based on your income. This pay-what-you-earn model makes treatment more affordable for people with financial constraints. Certain rehabs also accept a sliding-scale fee, while others focus on providing affordable treatment.

Are there government programs that offer affordable mental health treatment? 

Yes, government-funded programs and community mental health centers provide low-cost or free mental health services. Treatment costs vary depending on your state, income, and insurance status. You can find information about community mental health centers in your area by checking your local government website. There are also several free resources to learn more about mental health treatment options.

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How to Set Boundaries in Recovery

Boundaries allow us to protect our mental well-being, have healthier relationships, and meet our own needs—and learning how to use them is a crucial part of recovery. You can set boundaries by respectfully communicating your needs. 

Boundary-setting is a skill that takes practice. The process may seem daunting at first. But it’s also a rewarding part of recovery. Showing up for yourself is healing. 

If you’re recovering from addiction, rehab can be a great place to learn how to set boundaries while in recovery and practice this new skill. You’ll learn how to state your needs in a safe environment with professional and peer support. And you’ll walk away with boundary-setting tools that will serve you in recovery and throughout life.

What Are Boundaries?

Boundaries are the limits you set to protect your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. They define what is and isn’t acceptable in your interactions with situations, other people, and yourself. Setting and enforcing personal boundaries teaches us lessons that are important for recovering from drugs or alcohol: 

  • Boundaries safeguard your personal space. Having a sense of security allows you to process your emotions and focus on healing. 
  • They foster healthy emotional responses. Emotional stability helps you make rational decisions1 and cope with stress.
  • They protect your mental health. Saying no gives you more control over your life and grows your emotional resilience. 
  • They teach you to conserve your time. Giving too much of your time to others is draining. Setting time boundaries ensures you have the energy to focus on your healing. It also helps to prevent burnout and stress. 

Usually, treatment programs teach boundary setting in the early stages of recovery.2 You have several resources to help you establish healthy boundaries:

  • Rehab: Rehab teaches you how to set healthy boundaries for long-term recovery. You’ll have a chance to practice in individual therapy, group therapy, life skills coaching, and more. 
  • Wellness centers: Burnout, stress, and depression are signs of unhealthy boundaries. Wellness centers teach you how to undo unhealthy patterns so you choose how you spend time and energy. 
  • Therapy: Therapists help you set boundaries using different techniques, including role-playing, self-empowerment workshops, cognitive behavioral therapy, and more. 
  • Recovery coach: If you need help staying on track in your healing journey, you might consider recovery coaching options. Recovery coaches can offer non-clinical assistance with enforcing boundaries.
  • Online resources and books: Credible websites and books are an affordable way to learn the basics of boundary setting. They’re a good way to get started on your journey, or supplement what you learn in treatment.

Different Types of Boundaries in Recovery

During recovery, you’ll learn how to set various types of boundaries to safeguard your well-being. 

1. Physical Boundaries 

Physical boundaries protect your body, personal space, and comfort zone. They include physical touch, personal belongings, and the right to privacy: 

Examples of physical boundaries: 

  • Communicating that you don’t want to be touched without permission  
  • Setting limits on personal space
  • Asking for privacy

2. Emotional Boundaries 

Emotional boundaries safeguard your feelings and emotions. Communicating your needs protects you from emotional harm and fosters healthier relationships. 

Examples of emotional boundaries:

  • Saying no when you don’t feel comfortable about something
  • Limiting how much you share about your recovery—you may not want to talk about it at all with certain people, and that’s okay
  • Asking for help when you need it 

3. Mental Boundaries

You set mental boundaries on your own thoughts and beliefs. They protect you from getting caught up in negative or harmful thoughts. 

Examples of mental boundaries:

  • Challenging negative thoughts
  • Focusing on the positive
  • Recognizing when to not take things personally

4. Time Boundaries

Time boundaries protect your energy. By managing your schedule, you avoid the stress that comes from over-committing. 

Examples of time boundaries:

  • Saying no to things that aren’t a priority
  • Taking breaks
  • Setting time aside for self-care, therapy, interpersonal relationships, and more

Benefits of Establishing Healthy Boundaries During Recovery

  • Boundaries enhance self-esteem. Addiction and self-esteem3 are linked. Learning to believe in yourself again is monumental for healing. One way to do that is by setting boundaries. They teach you to value your own needs, reinforcing self-worth and self-respect. 
  • You learn to build better relationships. Boundaries are key to building and maintaining healthy relationships. Communicating your needs fosters mutual respect and healthier connections. There’s a strong link between social support and long-term recovery.4 
  • You can reduce stress and anxiety. The recovery process is joyful and stressful at times. Boundaries help you gain back a sense of control, focus on your own needs, and avoid overextending yourself. This helps minimize unnecessary stress. 
  • Boundaries protect your recovery. Unhealthy boundaries can expose you to triggering situations or people. That’s why learning to say no is a relapse prevention strategy.5 Boundaries teach us to respect our healing journey. 

Set Boundaries for a Healthier and Happier You

Setting and enforcing meaningful boundaries is a form of self-love. It’s also an ongoing process. Recovery is a chance to learn about yourself. As you do that, you start to understand how to show up for yourself. 

If you want to learn more about your recovery options, connect directly with a treatment provider and compare them by price, insurance accepted, what they treat, and more. 

Frequently Asked Questions About How to Set Boundaries in Recovery

Why are boundaries important for addiction recovery?

Boundaries are essential for addiction recovery because they protect your physical, emotional, and mental well-being. They help you feel safe, respected, and in control of your life. By enforcing boundaries, you can avoid triggers, build healthy relationships with family and friends, reduce stress, and more.

What are the different types of boundaries in addiction recovery?

There are 4 main types of boundaries in recovery: physical, mental, emotional, and time boundaries. These protect your space, emotions, thoughts, and energy. You learn to set these boundaries in rehab and therapy. If you have a recovery coach, they may offer non-clinical assistance with boundary setting.

How do I set boundaries in recovery?

To set boundaries in recovery:

– Identify your needs and wants.
– Be clear and specific.
– Communicate your boundaries respectfully.
– Enforce your boundaries.
– Be patient with yourself.

Boundary setting is usually taught in the early stages of addiction treatment. You learn to reinforce them throughout your journey.
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Drug-Induced Psychosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Drug-induced psychosis can be caused by a number of substances, and can trigger underlying mental health conditions. Here’s how to recognize a psychotic episode, what to do if someone you know is having one, and how to go about getting treatment for long-term recovery.

Definition and Causes

According to the American Psychological Association, drug-induced psychosis (DIP) is “a psychotic state resulting from use or abuse of a variety of illicit or therapeutic substances.” Whether from prolonged use, high levels of use, or substances that are more likely to cause a negative reaction, DIP is an extreme reaction that requires immediate care. Substances alone can cause psychotic episodes, or they can trigger underlying mental health conditions. Drug-induced psychosis can also happen during withdrawals. 

Certain substances are known to more commonly trigger psychosis.

Common Substances Linked to Psychosis

Substances like hallucinogens, stimulants, and some prescription drugs can trigger psychotic episodes. While a variety of factors may lead to this acute mental state, certain substances have a known history of being linked with psychosis. 

Stimulant or Amphetamine Psychosis

It’s not uncommon for people who use stimulants like meth regularly to experience psychosis, usually as a result of sleep deprivation combined with the drug’s effects. This “transient psychosis”2 usually takes place during use and subsides after coming down. Using sedatives like opioids or benzos to sleep off a meth binge can also increase this risk. Researchers say “There is ongoing debate about whether the amphetamines themselves produce the psychotic symptoms,3 if they unmask vulnerabilities in individuals already susceptible to psychosis, or both.” 

Synthetic Drugs

Also known as bath salts, designer drugs, or novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the clinical world, these chemical compounds are known to cause intense, unpredictable effects. As synthetic drug use continues to rise, so do a range of “new psychoses”4 that differ from psychotic episodes clinicians have seen in the past. 

The adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids5 (such as K2 and Spice) can include “paranoia, catatonia, dissociation, auditory, and/or visual hallucinations.” These drugs can also trigger psychosis in people with underlying psychotic disorders. 

Marijuana and Schizophrenia

Consuming high doses of cannabis can sometimes result in a form of drug-induced psychosis that includes symptoms like “delusions of being controlled by an outside force,6 grandiose identity, persecution, thought insertion, auditory hallucinations, altered perceptions, and emotional blunting.” There’s also a possibility that marijuana can trigger schizophrenic episodes,7 or cause earlier onset of schizophrenia. 

A range of other substances can also cause drug-induced psychosis:

  • Alcohol 
  • Cocaine 
  • Dissociatives such as PCP and ketamine 
  • Hallucinogens such as LSD or mushrooms 
  • Prescription drugs (opioids, antidepressants, etc.) 

Your likelihood of psychotic symptoms may have to do with your individual sensitivity to certain drugs. Some substances, like synthetic drugs, can cause severe reactions within just one use—regardless of your tolerance.

Symptoms of Drug-Induced Psychosis

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms can be grouped into 3 categories: 

1. Thoughts 

Someone experiencing psychosis might have delusions like thinking they have special powers, or being paranoid that someone is following them. Hallucinations—sensory experiences that aren’t based in reality—are also very common.  

2. Feelings

Drug-induced psychosis usually involves some combination of fear, agitation, and confusion. Someone might experience a roller coaster of emotions: being angry one minute, and depressed and lethargic the next. 

3. Behaviors  

Someone in this state might have a hard time remembering things or being present in conversations. They may laugh at things that aren’t funny or otherwise respond inappropriately to situations. They’ll likely have trouble interpreting social cues or being aware of their surroundings.  

Drug-induced psychotic episodes can be highly dangerous. They can even be fatal if someone is seriously injured due to erratic behavior, or has a physiological response to their heightened state, such as cardiorespiratory collapse.8 

That’s why it’s important to recognize early warning signs. The most common symptoms of DIP9 include distorted perceptions, hallucinations, disorientation, and memory problems.

How Long Does Drug-Induced Psychosis Last?

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms typically appear quickly, setting in shortly after use. In most cases, they go away within a few days or so—but not always. Some people experience lingering symptoms for weeks or even months after the episode. And for those who have an underlying mental health condition triggered by DIP, the experience can be life-changing. 

Can DIP Be Permanent or Long-Term?

Whether or not you incur long-term effects of drug-induced psychosis has to do with a few factors. One study found that while most people with substance-induced psychotic disorders eventually recovered,10 “those who started illegal drug use early, used drugs for prolonged periods, or had a family history of psychiatric illnesses were more likely to develop a chronic psychosis.” The same study found that 60% of patients’ symptoms went away within a month, 30% had symptoms lasting 1-6 months, and 10% had long-term symptoms or a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Those patients more commonly had a family history of mental illness, and had been using drugs longer. 

The duration of symptoms can also depend on what substance that caused the episode. One study on psychosis from synthetic cannabinoid use11 said “The protracted presence of psychotic symptoms well beyond acute intoxication—sometimes lasting months—is concerning.” Other research found that for those who have psychotic reactions to synthetic cannabinoids,12 the “effects are usually transient and resolve within 5 to 8 days; however, up to one-third of patients will transition to schizophrenia.”

It’s important to keep in mind that for most people who experience DIP, symptoms resolve relatively quickly. If you’re concerned about symptoms you have, it’s vital to get an accurate diagnosis from a professional.

Risk Factors and Vulnerability

Drug Sensitivity

Some people simply have stronger reactions to substances. “People who have experienced psychosis tend to be particularly sensitive to the effects of drugs13 and can experience negative effects even at very low levels of use,” explains researcher Frances Kay-Lambkin.

Using the Same Substance Again

Chances of another psychotic episode14 also go up drastically if you use the same drug again. The good news is that this can be avoided by abstaining from that drug. One study on cannabis-related DIP15 found that “patients who completely abstained from cannabis after the 1st episode of Cannabis-Induced psychosis had no relapse of psychiatric illness.”   

Genetics and Environment

Genetics can also play a role. “Primary and drug-induced psychosis seems to be genetically interlinked,”16 say neuropathology researchers Vahid Farnia and Senobar Golshani. For example, “Relatives of amphetamine users with a history of amphetamine psychosis are five times more at risk of developing schizophrenia compared with amphetamine users without a history of psychosis.” 

Pre-Existing Mental Health Conditions

People with pre-existing mental illnesses are at higher risk of drug-induced psychosis.17 Some people with psychotic disorders—whether or not they’re diagnosed—self-medicate with drugs or alcohol. Substance use, in turn, worsens symptoms of mental health conditions. Some symptoms of drug-induced psychosis overlap with those of some mental health disorders, making it hard to tell what the exact cause is. 

Differentiating From Underlying Mental Illness

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms are similar to other psychotic disorders, but they typically come on suddenly (after drug use) and go away faster. But underlying conditions, co-occurring disorders and the unpredictable nature of DIP makes it complex to diagnose. Untangling the difference between a drug-induced psychotic episode and a primary psychotic disorder can be difficult, even for professionals. 

“A struggling clinical dilemma is how to clearly identify a substance-induced psychosis from a primary psychotic illness or a psychotic illness with comorbid substance use,” say researchers on substance-induced psychoses.18 And differentiating between the two is necessary for effective treatment. 

Because symptoms of psychoses can be similar19 regardless of their origin, clinicians may use a patient’s clinical history, as well as detailed assessments, to make a diagnosis. If you’ve experienced symptoms of psychosis, it’s important to get a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified mental health professional.  

Treatment Approaches

What to Do Immediately Following

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) recommends these steps if you see a loved one having a psychotic episode:20

  • Stay calm 
  • Listen 
  • Be empathetic to what they’re going through
  • Focus on the person, not the delusion
  • Offer support 
  • Seek professional help

Professional Treatment With Medication

Often, doctors will prescribe medication like benzodiazepines or antipsychotics21 to help patients stabilize until the substance leaves their system. Medications may be prescribed longer-term if someone has an ongoing psychotic disorder. 

*Please note that this is not medical advice, simply an idea of what you might expect in follow-up treatment. Treatment plans should be created by qualified professionals, based on an in-depth assessment. 

Detoxing and Managing Withdrawals

Susbtance withdrawal can be dangerous under normal circumstances, but the situation is even more delicate when psychosis is involved. It’s important to detox from drugs or alcohol under medical supervision. Make sure you find a reputable facility with everything you need in place for a safe and supported detox. 

And remember, detox is just the first step. Following up with an intensive treatment program, like inpatient drug rehab, is an effective way to set the stage for long-term recovery. 

Long-Term Recovery and Support

Whether or not it results in a formal diagnosis, drug-induced psychosis can have a significant impact on your mental well-being. That’s why it’s important to find comprehensive support for your recovery. 

Rehab can be a great place to start. Quality addiction treatment programs not only provide intensive treatment for immediate concerns, but also teach strategies to prevent relapse and equip you with coping tools for the future. 

Search for addiction treatment centers to compare programs and contact admissions staff directly.

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug-Induced Psychosis

What is drug-induced psychosis?

Drug-induced psychosis (DIP) is an episode where a person experiences a disconnection from reality due to the influence of drugs or alcohol. It can occur as a result of prolonged or high-level substance use, or can be triggered by specific substances, often leading to acute mental health disturbances.

Which substances are commonly associated with drug-induced psychosis?

Several substances are known to be linked to drug-induced psychosis. These include hallucinogens, stimulants (such as methamphetamine), synthetic drugs, marijuana (especially in high doses), alcohol, cocaine, dissociatives (such as PCP or ketamine), and certain prescription drugs (such as opioids or antidepressants).

How long does drug-induced psychosis typically last, and can it be permanent?

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms usually appear quickly after substance use and often subside within a few days. However, for some people, symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. Whether it becomes long-term or permanent depends on various factors, including the substance used, individual sensitivity, duration of drug use, and genetic predisposition. It’s essential to seek professional evaluation and treatment for a precise diagnosis and appropriate care.
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How Long Does It Take to Break an Addiction? 5 Key Factors That Affect Your Timeline

Addiction recovery is a personal journey that looks different for everyone. When you first decide to seek help for substance use disorder, you might wonder how long the process will take. While each person’s recovery journey is unique, the research shows some clear patterns that can help you set realistic expectations as you start your recovery process.

Understanding the Recovery Timeline

Let’s look at some common misunderstandings about recovery timelines to help set realistic expectations for your journey.

Infographic listing key factors that influence addiction recovery time, including type of substance used, genetics and family history, mental and physical health, environment and trigger exposure, quality of support and connections, and duration and severity of use. An illustrated stopwatch emphasizes the concept of time.

The 21-Day Myth

You may have heard that it takes just 21 days to break any habit,1 including addiction. This common belief sounds promising, but unfortunately, it’s not accurate. The idea of the 21-day timeline came from Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s 1960 book Psycho-Cybernetics. He observed that surgery patients needed about 21 days to adjust to their new appearance. Over time, people misunderstood this observation and started applying it to all kinds of behavioral changes, including breaking addiction.

But making this kind of life change takes time—and preparing yourself for a more realistic timeline can help set you up for success in recovery.

Why Breaking Addiction Takes Longer

Breaking free from addiction is a lot more complex than changing a simple habit. Drug and alcohol use create changes in your brain that affect everything from your emotions to your decision-making to the coping mechanisms you use to deal with life. Unfortunately, these changes don’t reverse themselves in just a few short weeks.

Research shows that addiction follows many of the same patterns as other strong habits2 we develop. Just like learning any new behavior, recovery involves teaching your brain new ways to respond to stress and triggers. The good news is, this means we can use proven strategies for changing behavior to help break addiction.

Giving Your Brain Time to Heal

Recovery involves more than stopping substance use. It’s about allowing your body and brain to recover from the effects of substance abuse, addressing the causes of your addiction at its core, and building new habits that support long-term recovery. You can think of it as helping your brain relearn how to function normally. During active addiction, your brain adapts in 3 important ways:3 

  1. It starts strongly connecting substances with pleasure
  2. It becomes less sensitive to natural rewards like food and social connection
  3. It has a harder time making and sticking to decisions about staying sober

Recovery means giving your brain time to heal and rebuild healthier patterns at each stage. This process takes time, patience—and often, professional support—to achieve lasting change.

While timelines vary from person to person, some experts believe there is a bare minimum for breaking addiction: 90 days of treatment.

Infographic titled 6 Main Keys to Unlock Addiction Recovery, illustrating six essential components for healing: body detoxification, brain rewiring, developing coping skills, identifying triggers, building support systems, and forming healthy habits. Each concept is paired with a key graphic, leading to an open lock symbolizing recovery.

What role does neuroplasticity play in long-term addiction recovery?

Recovery is a journey, not a destination. Each person’s journey takes as long as it takes them to achieve the quality of life they want. After a person ceases the behavior of using substances, the brain is miraculous and, over time, can heal itself, and the neuropathways can return.  The longer someone does not use drugs in obsessive and harmful ways, the more healed a brain will be after two years of nonuse.

Tanya Kraege, LCSW, CSAC, CPS | Ventus Rex

Why Treatment Often Takes 90 Days or More

While residential rehab programs typically start at 28 days, research shows that most people need more time for the best chances of success. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA),

Research indicates that most addicted individuals need at least 3 months in treatment4 to significantly reduce or stop their drug use and that the best outcomes occur with longer durations of treatment. 

This longer timeline makes sense when you consider all the changes happening in your brain and body during recovery.

During these crucial first 90 days, several important changes occur:

  • Your body rids itself of substances and begins to heal
  • Your brain starts rebuilding healthy neural pathways
  • You learn to identify and work through triggers
  • You learn and practice new coping skills
  • You build stronger support systems
  • You develop new, healthy habits to replace old patterns that led to addiction

While everyone’s journey is different, staying in treatment for enough time is one of the most important factors in successful recovery. Most people need a sufficient amount of time to change deeply rooted behavioral patterns, and longer treatment often leads to better results.

Infographic displaying seven healthy alternatives to manage addiction cravings, including physical activity, healthy snacks and hydration, deep breathing and mindfulness, creative outlets, social connection, engaging or fun activities, and sensory grounding. Each strategy is represented with a simple icon. Recovery.com logo appears in the bottom left.

Factors That Influence Your Recovery Time

Addiction is defined5 as “a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.” As such, a number of factors can influence how long it takes to recover:

1. The Type of Substance You Used

Different types of addiction require different treatment lengths. For example, physical health problems from alcohol addiction often require extended treatment because alcohol affects multiple organ systems. And with opioids and benzodiazepines, the intense impact on brain chemistry means you might need longer-term medication-assisted treatment.

2. Your History of Substance Use

The severity of the addiction—that is, the duration and pattern of drug use—significantly affects your timeline. If you’ve been using a substance for a very long time, or at very high doses, you’ll likely need a more intensive treatment approach. Your treatment team will consider several factors when creating your treatment plan:

  • How long you’ve been using substances
  • How much you typically use
  • Whether multiple substances are involved

3. Physical and Mental Health 

Your overall physical health plays an important role in your recovery process. Any existing health problems you have might affect how your body responds to treatment. Similarly, mental health conditions like anxiety or depression often require specialized treatment to address both addiction and mental health simultaneously.

Learn more about this complex condition—and how to find effective care—in our article on co-occurring disorder treatment.

4. Quality of Support

A strong support network makes a significant difference in addiction recovery. This includes:

  • Support from family members and loved ones
  • Connections with others in recovery
  • Professional help through addiction treatment programs
  • Community resources and support groups
  • Stable living environment

Building this support network is part of what you’ll work on in rehab as part of your plan to prevent relapse once you return home. Having reliable support can help you stay motivated during challenging times and celebrate your successes along the way.

5. Personal Circumstances

A few individual factors also influence recovery:

  • Age and how quickly your body heals
  • Family history and genetic factors
  • Current stress levels
  • Previous attempts at recovery
  • Work and family responsibilities
  • Living situation and daily environment

In addiction treatment, your clinical team will consider these factors when creating a treatment plan and timeline that’s tailored to your specific needs.

How do cultural or community factors affect recovery timelines?

Cultural and community factors play a significant role in shaping a person’s beliefs and understandings about addiction and recovery. An individual’s timeline for treatment or recovery may be impacted by stigma in their community, lack of culturally appropriate support, or pressure to prioritize culture and community over recovery and treatment. There also may be cultural and community factors that identify specific timeframes for recovery based on their understanding and structure. Counselors often need to build extra trust and tailor approaches that respect those dynamics because recovery isn’t one-size-fits-all.

Andrew Schreier, ICS, CSAC, LPC, ICGC-II, BACC

The Science of Breaking Addiction

Understanding the science behind addiction can help explain why recovery takes time—and why professional support is so valuable.

Understanding Brain Changes

Addiction changes your brain’s natural reward system6 and decision-making processes. When you regularly use substances, your brain adapts by reducing its own production of feel-good chemicals. This is why breaking addiction takes time and professional care—your brain needs to rebuild these natural systems.

How Cravings Affect Recovery

When you use substances regularly, your brain adapts to expect them.7 That’s why when you stop using, you’ll experience powerful cravings that can feel overwhelming at first. This helps explain why early recovery can feel so challenging—your brain needs time to unlearn these strong associations. In rehab, you’ll learn how to handle these feelings as you keep moving toward your recovery goals. 

Rehabs teach strategies like these to help you manage cravings:

  • Recognizing early warning signs
  • Using distraction techniques
  • Urge surfing and other mindfulness tools
  • Applying stress management skills
  • Reaching out for support when you need it

Understanding Treatment Options

The good news is that addiction is a treatable disorder8 that responds well to proper care. Addiction treatment options exist along a spectrum, and finding the right type of care is essential to your recovery. 

Let’s look at how different levels of care meet different needs:

Detox 

Not everyone needs detox, but if you’re severely physically dependent on a substance, it’s extremely important to detox under medical supervision. This is especially true if you use alcohol, opioids, or benzos. Detoxing in a substance-free, recovery-focused environment means you’re less likely to relapse when withdrawal symptoms get challenging. It also ensures your detoxification is as safe and as comfortable as possible. 

Inpatient Treatment (30-90 Days)

Inpatient treatment offers the highest level of support during early recovery. You’ll receive round-the-clock care in a treatment facility, where addiction professionals guide you through a personalized treatment plan. The structured environment removes you from daily triggers and stress, allowing you to focus completely on your recovery. During your stay, you’ll participate in intensive behavioral therapy and have access to comprehensive support services, including individual counseling, group therapy, and holistic healing approaches.

Outpatient Treatment (3-12 Months)

Outpatient addiction treatment lets you continue working or caring for your family while receiving a high level of professional support. You’ll attend therapy and counseling sessions several times per week, participate in support groups, and learn to practice recovery skills in real-world situations. This option helps you build a local support network while maintaining your daily responsibilities.

Relapse Prevention and Continuing Care (Ongoing)

Recovery is a lifestyle: It continues long after initial treatment ends. Aftercare helps you maintain the progress you started in rehab through regular counseling, check-ins with your healthcare providers, and regularly attending support groups. Many people find that this level of support helps them navigate the challenges of recovery and stay motivated toward their goals. Remember that seeking additional support if you’re struggling isn’t a sign of failure—it’s a smart way to protect your well-being.

Keep in mind that when it comes to recovery, progress is a process. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains:

Drug treatment9 is intended to help addicted individuals stop compulsive drug seeking and use. Treatment can occur in a variety of settings, take many different forms, and last for different lengths of time. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-term process that involves multiple interventions and regular monitoring. 

True Healing Takes Time

Recovery is about more than just stopping substance use—it’s about creating sustainable, long-term lifestyle change. 

These changes don’t happen overnight. Like learning any new skill, building a better life takes consistent practice over time. Be patient with yourself while you take small steps forward. As you develop new routines, find activities you enjoy, and learn better ways to handle stress, your journey will start to feel more and more rewarding. 

Recovery life takes time. And the sooner you start your recovery journey, the sooner your healing can begin.

What leads to a long-term and sustained recovery?

A long-term and sustained recovery is about more than sobriety. It involves lifestyle changes, purpose-driven actions, and supportive relationships. People that I know in long-term recovery have discovered that it is a lifetime process of continual growth and course correction. Tough times happen and challenges do occur, but as we grow in our recovery, so too do we grow in our resilience and our capacity for hope.

Caroline Beidler, MSW

Build a New Life Beyond Addiction

Finding the right treatment team can make all the difference in helping you break the cycle of addiction. As you look for a rehab program, consider your unique recovery goals. How much medical care do you need during treatment? Are you also healing from a co-occurring mental health issue? Do you want to practice relationship skills? These questions and others like them can help you find the best program for you.

Browse rehab programs and get the help you need to break out of addiction. 

FAQs

Q: How long does it take to break an addiction?

A: While you might have heard it takes 21 days to break a habit, that’s actually a myth. Most people need at least 90 days of addiction treatment to make significant progress in their recovery. The longer you stay in treatment, the better your chances of success.

Q: How long do withdrawal symptoms and detox last?

A: Everyone’s detox experience is different, and the timeline depends on what substance you used and your personal health factors. If you’ve been using alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, it’s especially important to detox under medical supervision. This keeps you safe and comfortable while helping prevent relapse during this challenging time.

Q: How long do addiction cravings last?

A: Even after 90 days of treatment, you might still experience cravings—and that’s completely normal. While cravings may not disappear entirely, you’ll learn effective strategies to manage them, including:

  • Spotting your personal warning signs early
  • Using proven distraction techniques
  • Practicing mindfulness
  • Managing stress in healthy ways
  • Reaching out when you need support

Q: What affects the timeline for addiction recovery?

A: Your recovery timeline is unique to you and depends on several factors:

  • Which substance you used and for how long
  • Your physical and mental health
  • Your support system
  • Personal factors like age and genetics
  • Past recovery experiences
  • Your current living situation and stress levels

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Can Weed Kill You? Understanding Marijuana’s Real Risks

can weed kill you

Marijuana (cannabis) is becoming more widely available as more states make it legal. This has many people wondering about its safety. While marijuana is often considered safer than other drugs, it’s important to understand the real risks it can pose.

The Short Answer: Direct vs. Indirect Fatality Risk

No one has ever died directly from using too much marijuana alone. This makes it different from drugs like alcohol or opioids, which can cause deadly overdoses. However, marijuana can still lead to death in indirect ways that users need to understand.

In one incident in Colorado, for example, a 19-year-old man died after consuming a cannabis cookie.1 Following the sales clerk’s instructions, he ate one piece and waited 30-60 minutes. When he didn’t feel any effects, he ate the rest of the cookie. Over the next 2 hours, he started acting erratic and hostile. About 2.5 hours after finishing the cookie, he jumped from a fourth-floor balcony, resulting in fatal injuries.

Infographic comparing direct and indirect risks of marijuana use. Direct risks include psychosis, lung damage, CHS, and anxiety, contributing to 35 percent of ER visits. Indirect risks, such as impaired driving, mixing with other drugs, and contaminated weed, account for 65 percent. Each risk is represented by icons under labeled sections.

Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies and Illnesses

Weed is getting stronger—and so is the risk of weed-related health effects. The potency of marijuana has quadrupled since the mid-’90s.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. While THC levels used to be around 10%, they’re now often higher than 40%. “Higher THC concentrations2 have been associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use progressing to cannabis use disorder, among other health concerns,” says the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

While marijuana itself may not be deadly, it can cause serious medical problems3 that require treatment:

1. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

CHS is a rare but dangerous condition that can happen to people who smoke weed regularly. It causes severe vomiting that won’t stop without medical help, though some people say hot showers temporarily relieve their symptoms. “Once thought to be rare, [CHS] is now being seen almost daily,” says emergency medicine physician Karen Randall in a report on increased weed-related ER visits.4 If it’s left untreated, CHS can cause dangerous dehydration and kidney problems.

2. Severe Anxiety and Panic Attacks

Some people have severe anxiety or panic attacks when they use marijuana. In rare cases, this can lead to dangerous behavior or self-harm if the person doesn’t get help.

Weed can also raise your heart rate and blood pressure. For people with heart disease or cardiovascular issues, this extra strain could trigger a heart attack. “Research suggests that the risk of heart attack is several times higher in the hour after smoking marijuana5 than it would be normally,” say experts at Harvard Health.

Infographic titled The Evolution of Weed: Higher Potency and More ER Visits. Two line graphs show a rise in THC potency from 1995 to 2024 and a parallel increase in cannabis-related emergency room visits per 100,000 people. A cannabis leaf with a warning icon emphasizes the risk.

3. Acute Psychosis

Studies have found that people who use marijuana are more likely to experience psychotic symptoms6—and the more you use, the more the risk increases.

There’s also a proven link between marijuana and schizophrenia7 in teens and young adults, with young men being at the highest risk. Young people should be aware that using marijuana can increase their risk of developing serious mental health problems later in life.

THC levels in cannabis products are skyrocketing. How is this changing serious health issues like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) or heart problems?

Cannabis products today are way more potent than they used to be, with much higher THC levels. While that might seem like a plus, it’s actually leading to some serious health problems. More people are ending up in the ER with conditions like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which causes intense nausea, stomach pain, and constant vomiting that can last for hours or even days. Some users are also experiencing heart-related issues like a racing heartbeat, high blood pressure, sudden anxiety, and even panic attacks.

Janelle Salo, RN | Healthy Earth Living

4. Acute Cannabinoid Catatonia

It’s not common, but in rare cases, consuming too much marijuana can cause a severe reaction8 that causes a temporary catatonic state (someone appears awake but doesn’t respond to stimuli like voices or touch). Overconsumption to this extent is more likely to happen with edibles. 

5. Cancer and Lung Damage

Smoking marijuana can seriously damage your lungs,9 leading to health issues like bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Research shows that people who smoke marijuana face a higher risk of developing cancers10 of the head, neck, and throat. Long-term use can also weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off illness.

Illustration showing a person smoking marijuana while driving, with one hand on the steering wheel and the other holding a joint. A rainbow-colored road leads to a traffic light ahead. Text warns that weed does not normally kill, but impaired judgment does.

Hidden Dangers: Indirect Fatality Risks

1. Impaired Driving Deaths and Occupational Injury

The biggest risks come from how marijuana affects your judgment and reaction time. Driving while high significantly increases your chance of getting into a deadly accident.11 The short-term effects of cannabis can last several hours, making it unsafe to drive even if you feel “okay.”

Research is still ongoing, but there’s also evidence of a link between marijuana and work-related injuries.12

2. Drug Interactions

Mixing cannabis with alcohol or other drugs is especially dangerous. These combinations can lead to severe reactions your body can’t handle. They can also make you more likely to make risky decisions.

Marijuana and other drugs are commonly taken in combination with alcohol. While this is a common practice, its risks are more serious than most people realize. Learn more about this in our article on the dangers of combined alcohol and drug use.

3. Contaminated Products

When you buy marijuana from unlicensed sellers, you don’t really know what’s in it. There’s a real risk that these products could be mixed with harmful substances or contaminants.

When working with clients who use a lot of marijuana, what dangerous situations have you found most concerning that could potentially become life-threatening? How do you help them understand and manage these risks?

In working with clients who consume large quantities of marijuana, I have found their misinterpretation of perceptions to be the most dangerous, which could lead to fatal car accidents, on-the-job injuries, etc. Education is the most beneficial way to help clients understand the dangers of their consumption. Additionally, providing them with alternative coping skills helps manage these risks.

Dee Anderson, SUDCCII-CS

What Happens During a Marijuana Overdose

“Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis,”13 says Manitoba Health. “It is not fatal, but overconsumption can be very uncomfortable.” While a marijuana overdose won’t kill you directly, it can be a frightening experience. Sometimes, it requires medical attention. 

Signs of THC poisoning14 include: 

  • Extreme anxiety or panic
  • Racing heart
  • Paranoid thoughts
  • Severe nausea
  • Mental confusion
  • Hallucinations

Edible marijuana products pose special risks because they’re harder to dose correctly. The effects take longer to feel, which might make you think you need more. This often leads people to accidentally take too much.

Most of the time, you can just wait for the effects to wear off. If your symptoms are very severe or you have chest pain, panic attacks, or seizures, get medical help.

THC is never safe for children in any amount. If your child has consumed THC, contact the Poison Control Center hotline at 1-800-222-1222.

Infographic titled Common Reasons Street Weed is Laced with Dangerous Substances. Reasons include making it more addictive, intensifying the high, adding weight for profit, and contamination with mold. A smoking pipe emits toxic fumes forming a skull symbol. Each reason is paired with a simple icon.

High-Risk Situations and Populations

Certain risk factors put some people at higher risk of health complications when they use marijuana. 

  • People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should be especially careful. Marijuana can make these conditions worse.
  • Young people under 25 face unique risks because their brains are still developing. Regular marijuana use during teen and young adult years15 can affect memory, learning, and mental health.
  • People with a personal or family history of mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or psychosis should be cautious. Marijuana can make these conditions worse or trigger new symptoms.
  • Pregnant people should avoid marijuana. It can affect the developing baby and lead to health problems.

Making Informed Decisions

If you choose to use marijuana, there are ways to reduce your risks:14

  • Read the labels on your products and understand the dose you’re taking.
  • Start with a very small amount, especially with edibles. Wait at least 2 hours before taking more.
  • Never drive after using marijuana. Plan ahead for safe transportation.
  • Don’t mix marijuana with alcohol or other drugs.
  • Keep cannabis products locked away from children and pets.
  • Avoid synthetic cannabinoids, which are known to cause adverse effects. The effects of these products are not at all like the effects of marijuana.

The CDC also advises against vaping marijuana:16

Oils and concentrates used in vaping and dabbing (which is a specific method of inhaling THC concentrates) often have highly concentrated forms of THC and may contain additives or be contaminated with other substances. The effects of using these more concentrated forms of THC are not well understood but may include higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder. Vaping has also been linked to lung injury.

Changing Attitudes Toward Marijuana Use

As recreational and medical marijuana becomes more widely accepted in many places, people tend to view it as harmless. While it’s true that marijuana is less dangerous than many other kinds of substance use, this shifting attitude has led some people to overlook its very real risks. 

These days, fewer teens believe marijuana is dangerous.17 This is a real concern, since research clearly shows that using marijuana heavily during the teenage years can get in the way of healthy development and daily functioning.

When to Get Help

Sometimes marijuana use can become a problem. If you’re using more than you planned to, feeling unable to cut back or stop, neglecting responsibilities at work or school, or continuing to use despite negative effects on your health or relationships, it could be a sign of marijuana addiction.

If you notice these signs or feel worried about your use of marijuana, talking to your therapist or primary care provider is a great place to start. They can help you understand your options and find support to make the changes you want. If you’re looking to quit using marijuana in an immersive, substance-free setting, residential rehab can be a great place to start your healing journey. Search for a marijuana addiction treatment program that meets your needs and reach out to a support specialist today.

FAQs

Q: Can you overdose on marijuana?

A: Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis. While such overdoses aren’t fatal like with alcohol or opioids, overconsumption can be very uncomfortable. In some cases, taking too much marijuana—especially via edibles—can cause severe reactions like temporary catatonia or even acute psychosis.

Q: Can marijuana use lead to death?

A: While marijuana doesn’t cause direct fatal overdoses, it can lead to death through indirect means. In one documented case from Colorado, a man died after consuming a cannabis cookie and jumping from a fourth-floor balcony. Excessive marijuana use can cause erratic behavior that may lead to accidents or risky decisions.

Q: What are the long-term health risks of marijuana use?

A: The long-term effects of marijuana use can include several serious health problems. Smoking marijuana can damage your lungs, leading to bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, and it increases the risk of head, neck, throat, and lung cancers. Regular use can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Young people are especially vulnerable to these side effects.

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Can You Have a Cell Phone in Rehab?

For many of those seeking treatment, finding a rehab that allows cell phones is a top priority. Having access to a personal cell phone allows you to contact your family and conduct business while in treatment. Some treatment facilities encourage you to do that by implementing no cell phone policies. Limiting your contact with the outside world lets you focus on the healing process. But for some clients, it’s important to stay in touch with friends, family, and colleagues during rehab. If that’s a priority for you, you can compare rehab programs with more flexible technology policies.

Rehab Centers and Cell Phone Policies

Technology use policies differ from rehab to rehab. Here’s a breakdown of some of the most common policies you’ll see at addiction treatment centers:

  • Device-free centers strictly prohibit the use of technology. Usually, centers that don’t allow cell phones will keep your loved ones updated on your behalf.
  • Flexible technology-use programs let their clients maintain contact with the outside world, but still maintain some boundaries. For instance, you might need to give up your devices for the first few days of treatment. Or you might only have access to your phone during certain hours, or on certain days of the week. 
  • Technology-friendly treatment allows nearly unrestricted cell phone and laptop use. Typically, you only have to abstain from using your cell phone in clinical settings. For example, you wouldn’t be allowed to take a call during a therapy session.

For some clients, attending rehab without cell phone access isn’t a realistic option. You might have work or family commitments you just can’t step away from. But that doesn’t have to be a barrier to treatment. Many centers address this need with flexible policies. 

The Pros of Having a Cell Phone During Rehab

Drug and alcohol addiction treatment is a worthwhile but often challenging process. And data shows that social support is important during recovery.1 If you rely on loved ones for emotional support, staying in touch via phone can make it easier to heal.

You might also need to stay in contact with clients or colleagues. For many high-level executives, rehab is only possible in a center that allows cell phones. Some rehabs, like Capo Canyon, cater to these clients. Private rooms at this center even include a workstation, so you don’t have to take time off work for rehab. 

What’s more, having a sense of purpose reduces your risk of future drug use.2 If you find your career fulfilling, technology can have a positive impact on treatment. But if work is mainly a source of stress, you might consider a rehab with a stricter tech policy.

rehabs that allow cell phones capo canyon
Capo Canyon in California accommodates clients who need to work during treatment.

The Cons of Having a Cell Phone During Rehab

While some clients benefit from having a cell phone during rehab, it can also interfere with treatment. Staying in touch with the outside world doesn’t always help you recover. 

For one thing, addiction can damage relationships. By the time you enter treatment, you and your loved ones might need a break from each other. And many people in addiction treatment have close relationships built around substance use.3 If that’s your experience, you might need to end certain friendships in order to prioritize recovery.

Rehab also gives you time to reflect on the idea of community. You can spend early recovery defining what you need your relationships to look like. That process is much more difficult if you’re talking to friends and loved ones regularly. A rehab that limits cell phone use can give you the time and space you need to heal.

Even if your loved ones are a source of support, communicating with them every day can be distracting. Rehab is hard work, and it requires your full focus. It’s hard to stay present while you’re scrolling through social media or checking your email. Taking a step back from technology might help you commit to treatment.

rehabs that allow cell phones transcend
Transcend Recovery Community in New York allows clients “to use both their cell phone and computer unless their previous treatment center’s exit plan recommends that they don’t.”

What Tech Policies Look Like in Practice

Clients at Transcend Recovery Community in New York can stay in touch with friends and family throughout their stay. As their website explains, “when a client enters Transcend we allow them to use both their cell phone and computer unless their previous treatment center’s exit plan recommends that they don’t.”

Kembali Recovery Center in Bali, on the other hand, has some boundaries around technology use. Clients can use their phones from Friday evening until Sunday evening each week. However, they make exceptions to this rule on a case-by-case basis, letting some clients use their phones on weekdays. 

While rehabs vary in their views on device use, the goal is for technology to enhance treatment, as long as it doesn’t detract from your recovery.

rehabs that allow cell phones kembali
Kembali Recovery Center in Bali allows clients to use their phones on weekends, but makes exceptions on a case-by-case basis.

Find a Rehab Center That Allows Cell Phones

Treatment centers around the world offer a broad spectrum of tech usage policies. Whether you want to work from rehab, leave your phone at home, or anything in between, you can find a program that meets your needs. 


See available treatment options at rehabs that allow cell phones and contact centers directly to learn more about their policies.

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Confidential Drug Addiction Hotlines

Addiction is overwhelming, both for the person who’s struggling with it and their loved ones. Looking for treatment can feel complicated, especially if you’re unfamiliar with your options. If you’re not sure where to start, drug addiction hotlines can be a helpful and confidential resource for learning more about addiction, recovery, and local treatment options. You can also search our collection of residential rehabs to find unbiased information about treatment centers and connect with them directly.

What Is a Drug Addiction Helpline?

A drug addiction helpline (or hotline) is a resource for people with addiction, their loved ones, and the public. They’re typically toll-free and confidential, which means that there’s no risk of negative consequences for calling. The advisors who work at hotlines are not law enforcement professionals and won’t share your information with law enforcement. 

Most hotlines can’t provide counseling services. Instead, they provide guidance on how to get help for drug addiction and substance use disorders. Hotline advisors are knowledgeable about addiction and treatment and can connect you with resources to learn more yourself. 

There are many different hotlines, some more helpful than others. Government-run helplines like the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration helplines are toll-free and confidential. They connect you to local resources to help you start your recovery journey safely. And they’ll be able to answer your questions about addiction, its effects and symptoms, and the treatment process.  

However, some for-profit treatment centers also own addiction helplines. They’re not objective and will only connect you with rehabs that pay them for referrals. You can avoid these fake hotlines by looking for government or non-profit-run hotlines. 

Learn more about avoiding addiction treatment scams here. 

Hotlines to Call

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): Call 1-800-662-4357 to find local treatment centers, support groups, and community services.
  • Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741 or chat with a Crisis Counselor on their website or via WhatsApp.
  • National Drug Helpline: Call 844-289-0879 to talk to a counselor about treatment options in your area.
  • Partnership to End Addiction: Call 1-855-378-4373 to talk to a trained advisor about a child’s addiction. 
  • National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: Dial 988 to connect with a counselor and talk through your thoughts and feelings.

Emergency vs. Non-Emergency: Who to Call?

If someone is experiencing an overdose or other medical emergency, call 911 or go to the closest emergency room. You can also call Poison Control’s emergency toll-free number at 1-800-222-1222 to talk to an expert about how to spot warning signs and prevent overdose. 

In non-emergency situations, a substance abuse helpline can provide guidance for starting recovery. (These are not staffed by medical professionals who can safely advise you during an overdose or medical emergency.)

What Happens When You Call a Drug Abuse Hotline?

Calling a drug addiction helpline can open a path forward. The advisor will ask you a few questions to get more context about what you’re calling about. And you’ll be able to ask questions, too. 

What Questions Will I Be Asked?

The call usually starts with the advisor asking questions about you and why you’re calling:

  • Is this a medical emergency? If so, the advisor will tell you to call 911. 
  • What is your zip code? Advisors may ask you your zip code to connect you with local support. They will not attempt to identify you and won’t ask for more specific location information.
  • Who are you calling about? They’ll have different resources for people with addiction, their loved ones, and the general public. 
  • What substance are you calling about? How long have you been experiencing addiction? Different addictions require different treatments and considerations. 
  • Do you have any other mental or physical health issues? With this information, your advisor will determine if a rehab that treats co-occurring disorders would be best for you. 
  • Do you want to start treatment for your addiction? If so, they’ll refer you to local treatment services.  

Answering these questions may feel intimidating, but your advisor can best help you when you answer honestly. And they won’t judge or criticize you—they’re there to help you start your recovery journey with as much information as possible. 

For People With Addiction

If you’re struggling with addiction, helpline advisors can give you advice and information about addiction and the recovery process:

  • Local treatment options and services, including information about nearby rehabs for drug addiction and free community resources 
  • The cost and insurance coverage of any treatment services they mention 
  • Signs of overdose
  • How withdrawal and detox works, including safety information about medical detox 
  • How the addiction treatment process works

For Loved Ones

If you’re concerned about your loved one, you can call a drug addiction hotline to learn more about addiction and recovery:

  • How to talk to somebody about their addiction 
  • How to stage an intervention, including a referral to local intervention providers
  • The signs and symptoms of addiction and overdose
  • Information about codependency 
  • Available local treatment options 
  • Information about local support groups for loved ones 

Can I Begin Addiction Treatment at the Time of My Call?

When you call most drug hotlines, they’ll be able to refer you to local treatment services at the time of your call. But hotlines don’t provide addiction treatment themselves. However, they can connect you with helpful resources that can keep you safe until you enter rehab.

While most hotlines are open 24/7, 365 days a year, most inpatient rehabs’ admissions offices are not. So you may have to wait for business hours to actually connect with a rehab. 

If you’re looking for more information about treatment options, you can learn more about treatment options and contact centers directly by searching our collection of residential and inpatient rehabs.

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How to Find a Short-Term Inpatient Rehab

For most people, the phrase “inpatient rehab” conjures up the image of a monthlong stay in a treatment center. But that’s not the only way you can start healing. Short-term rehab programs can help you jump-start the healing process. Sometimes lasting only a few days, these programs offer intensive treatment for people in early addiction recovery. 

Finding a Short-Term Rehab

There are a few key differences between short-term treatment and more traditional rehab.

  • Short-term rehab can take anywhere from a few days to 2 weeks. Longer treatment programs typically last 28 days or more.
  • For the most part, shorter programs, such as a 7-14 day inpatient rehab, offer more intensive treatment. The goal is to jump-start recovery. This type of rehab may take less time, but it requires just as much focus and commitment.
  • While short-term treatment can help you begin recovery, it’s not always enough. Some of these rehabs—including most medical detox centers—require clients to enroll in a longer program before you even arrive on site. In that case, you’ll go directly to your next treatment center after you complete short-term rehab.

If this type of treatment sounds like a good fit, you can compare short-term programs based on several different criteria:

  • Location: If short-term rehab appeals to you because of its flexibility, you can look for a center close to home. You can find these programs around the world. Some are even attached to longer-term treatment centers, so you can easily update your care plan if necessary.
  • Types of treatment: Every rehab program is a little different. Short-term treatment can include medical care, talk therapy, alternative treatments, and more. Your length of stay is just one aspect of recovery.
  • Specific diagnoses: Rehab isn’t just for people healing from substance use. If you have a co-occurring disorder or physical health issues, you can look for a center that offers the care you need.
  • Insurance coverage: While there are many rehab centers that accept insurance, not all of them do. It may depend on your location, the provider’s location, and which types of treatment they provide. 

Is Going to Rehab for Detox the Same as Short-Term Rehab?

Medical detox can fall under the umbrella of short-term rehab. However, these terms mean different things. 

Some short-term programs require you to complete drug detox before you arrive, so you can focus more on mental health recovery. And some offer alternative treatments, which treat clients after detox but before longer-term rehab. 

How Long Do I Have to Stay in a Short-Term Rehab?

Like any other type of rehab, your length of stay depends on your specific rehab, your health, and your goals for recovery. Inpatient detox, for example, typically lasts a few days or up to a week. Clients with more severe physical symptoms may take longer to recover.

It’s important to note that very short programs are often not sufficient to heal symptoms, work through underlying issues and establish habits that support long-term recovery. After short-term inpatient rehab, clients have the option to continue treatment in an outpatient program (or choose a long-term inpatient rehab if necessary). 

Is Short-Term Inpatient Treatment Right for Me?

Short-term drug addiction programs can be a good fit for people with clear goals. These programs can help you take the first step on your recovery journey. Treatment can set you up for success as you move on to the next phase of healing. However, it’s rare for people to recover completely after just a few days. You’ll also need a strong support network to help you transition out of treatment. That could include loved ones, healthcare professionals, and other people in the process of recovery.

This approach is a powerful way to address acute or highly specific symptoms. However, short-term treatment is rarely enough on its own. Healing is a complex process, and it can take a long time. Even years after successful treatment, many people consider themselves to still be in recovery. If you’re still trying to define what you need from treatment, a longer program might be a better option. 

Pros and Cons of Short-Term Rehab

It’s important to weigh the pros and cons of any inpatient rehab program before deciding where you’ll go. Short-term rehab has some unique benefits and disadvantages. 

Benefits

  • Flexibility: You’ll need to take less time off work and away from family commitments. This can make it easier to plan your stay in a residential treatment center.
  • Intensive treatment: Short-term rehab packs therapy, medical care, and other treatments into just a few days of treatment. This can help you get a head start on the recovery process.
  • 24/7 care: Many of these facilities give you more access to healthcare professionals than you’d have in a longer program. 
  • Lower total costs: Depending on your specific center, the total cost of treatment might be lower than it would be in a 28+ day rehab. If you’re paying out of pocket, this can make recovery more affordable.

Disadvantages

  • Pressure to heal quickly: The timeline for recovery can be unpredictable. You can’t control when you’ll stop having withdrawal symptoms or have a breakthrough in talk therapy. You might get to the end of a short-term program and realize you need more time in residential rehab.
  • Back-to-back transitions: Both starting rehab and completing treatment are major transitions. In a shorter program, clients go through them with little time in between. That quick turnaround can be jarring, and in some cases, it can interfere with recovery.
  • Time for medications to take effect: As part of treatment, your care team may prescribe daily medication. Most psychiatric meds take effect in about 6 weeks.1 You might not know if they’re working for you until after you complete treatment.

Types of Short-Term Treatment

There are several different types of short-term rehab. It’s important to choose a program that aligns with your needs, goals, and values. 

Medical Detox

Inpatient detox is one form of short-term rehab. This type of treatment isn’t strictly necessary for everyone, but many clients find it helpful. Most inpatient detox programs last 5-14 days (14-day inpatient rehab), although that varies depending on your physical symptoms. 

If you’re healing from an opioid, benzodiazepine, or alcohol addiction, medical detox is essential. Detoxing from these substances can cause life-threatening symptoms, including delirium tremens.2 To see whether you’ll need medical care during withdrawal, you can learn more about detoxing in rehab.

Recovery Retreats

Some rehab programs offer intensive treatment in the form of a luxury retreat. You may even be able to bring family members, so all of you can start healing together. The lengths of these programs vary widely, ranging from days to weeks. 

Alternative Treatments

While many clients benefit from traditional medical care, some prefer a more holistic approach. Treatments like ibogaine therapy use alternative methods to help you recover. This psychedelic treatment lasts up to 72 hours, and can have a long-lasting impact on your mental health. Most programs include a few days of counseling before and after your actual ibogaine experience. It’s also important to note that the effects of ibogaine are not permanent. Most clients benefit from additional treatment after they complete one of these programs. 

Ibogaine therapy is just one type of short-term alternative addiction treatment. This approach is only available in certain countries, and it’s not appropriate for everyone. If you’re interested in trying an alternative therapy, talk to your doctor about whether this type of treatment could work for you. 

How Much Does Short-Term Inpatient Rehab Cost?

In most rehab programs, your length of stay determines the total cost. So if you’re paying out of pocket, short-term inpatient rehab can be much less expensive than a longer program. Alternatively, you can narrow your search to rehab centers that accept insurance.

The exact cost of short-term rehab varies widely depending on the type of treatment you receive and the location of your program. But many rehabs cost approximately $1,000/day.

Verify Your Insurance

Short-term rehab centers don’t always accept insurance. That’s most often true for recovery retreats and alternative treatment programs. When you’re choosing between rehab programs, you can ask their admissions teams for more specific information. You can also browse our list of insurance providers to find a program that can accommodate your plan. 

Compare addiction treatment centers and ask about available lengths of stay to find the program that meets your needs.

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How Long Does Alcohol Stay in Your System?

Alcohol affects everyone a little differently. Some people get drunk easily, while others have a high tolerance that makes it difficult to feel its effects. A few factors impact intoxication levels and how long alcohol can actually stay in your system. 

Here’s how your body metabolizes alcohol, how long tests can detect it, and what happens in your body when you drink.

How Alcohol Affects the Body

Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows down the central nervous system. That’s why drinking alcohol makes you feel more calm, euphoric, or even drowsy. By inhibiting your nervous system, alcohol also reduces your motor coordination, reaction time, and ability to think critically. 

Here are some of the ways alcohol affects your body in the short term:1

  • Brain: Alcohol makes it hard to focus or make decisions. When you’re intoxicated, you have lower inhibitions and are more likely to act impulsively. And with heavy drinking, you might become dizzy, lose consciousness, or have gaps in your memory the next day (often called a blackout). 
  • Mood: Drinking can change your mood, making you feel relaxed, excited, angry, or depressed. It can also increase your sexual desire.
  • Physical ability: Drinking can cause changes in your hearing, vision, and depth perception. It can also make it harder to walk or remain coordinated. Your speech may be slurred, and your reaction time slows down. 
  • Organ function: Alcohol is taxing on your liver and digestive tract. Because it affects the nervous system, heavy drinking can cause slowed breathing. You might feel nauseous after drinking, or vomit or have diarrhea. 

While the short-term effects of drinking may not last very long, that doesn’t mean they’re insignificant. Impulsive behavior, slowed reaction time, and changes in your mood can impact your life in ways that have far-reaching effects, from accidents and injuries to poor decision-making. 

How Alcohol is Measured Inside Your Body

The level of alcohol in your body is measured by blood alcohol concentration, or BAC.2 This number measures the amount of alcohol present in your bloodstream, and is expressed as the ratio of how many grams are present per 100 milliliters of your blood. 

You can also measure BAC by breath, which counts how many grams are present per 210 liters of breath. To learn more about blood alcohol concentration, try out this BAC calculator.3 

Factors That Impact the Length of Time Alcohol Stays in the Body

Alcohol affects people differently. How intoxicated one person gets and how quickly, as well as how long alcohol stays in their body, depend on a few variables.

  • Gender: “After drinking the same amount of alcohol, women tend to have higher blood alcohol levels4 than men, and the immediate effects of alcohol usually occur more quickly and last longer in women than men,” according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Body fat percentage: Because it holds less water than muscle, fat absorbs alcohol from your blood at a lower rate.5 This means that for 2 people who weigh the same, the person with a higher body fat percentage will have a higher BAC after drinking the same amount. 
  • Age: In general, the older you get, the longer alcohol stays in your system.5 That’s because your ability to process alcohol worsens over time. According to Harvard Health, older adults have a higher BAC than younger people after drinking the same amount.
  • How much you’ve eaten: If there’s food in your stomach, your body will absorb less alcohol. Studies show that “the consumption of foods before or together with alcohol6 reduces peak blood alcohol concentration, decreases absorption and slows metabolism. In particular, ‘high-energy’ meals may slow down alcohol metabolism and reduce subjective intoxication.”
  • Other drugs present in your system: Some medications affect how your body handles alcohol.7 This includes blood pressure medication, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and anti-inflammatory drugs. 

How Long Does It Take to Feel the Effects of Alcohol?

Just like there’s no standard length of time that alcohol stays in your body, the time it takes to feel the effects of alcohol varies from person to person. Typically, you’ll feel the effects of drinking alcohol anywhere within 15-45 minutes,8 depending on the strength of the drink and how quickly you drink it. 

After the first 15-45 minutes, you’ll likely feel the relaxing effects of alcohol. If you continue to drink, especially at a rate faster than one drink per hour, you’ll feel progressively intoxicated. At a BAC of .02%, you might feel relaxed and euphoric.9 At a BAC of .05%, you may start to experience lowered inhibitions, impaired judgment, and loss of coordination.  

BAC of .02%, you might feel relaxed and euphoric

How Your Body Metabolizes Alcohol

When you drink, alcohol enters your stomach and then travels on to the small intestine. From there, small blood vessels carry the alcohol to your bloodstream. Roughly 20% of alcohol gets absorbed through the stomach.10 The majority of alcohol is absorbed through the small intestine, though about 10% is eliminated via your breath, sweat, and urine. 

Alcohol is primarily broken down in your liver. Using the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), your liver breaks down alcohol molecules into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is then broken down into acetate, which is then metabolized into water and carbon dioxide. At this point, your body can eliminate these molecules easily. 

How Long Does It Take the Body to Metabolize Alcohol?

A good rule of thumb is that most healthy people can metabolize about one standard drink per hour.11 Of course, factors like age, body fat percentage, and gender can greatly impact the rate at which your body processes alcohol. 

So, when does alcohol leave your system? If you consume more than one standard drink per hour, your liver has too much to process at once. The additional alcohol remains in your bloodstream and body tissues until your liver can metabolize it. This is what makes you feel drunk. 

What is One Standard Drink?

Here’s what one standard drink12 means, according to the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism:

  • 12 ounces of normal-strength beer (4-5% alcohol)
  • 1.5 ounces of liquor (40% alcohol)
  • 5 ounces of wine (12-13% alcohol)

Can You Speed Up the Process?

No, you cannot speed up the alcohol metabolization process.13 Once you’ve consumed alcohol, it has entered your bloodstream and can only be eliminated via the enzymes in your liver and through your sweat, breath, and urine. While some things might make you feel more alert—like drinking caffeine, water, or taking a cold shower—they will not remove alcohol from your system. 

How Long Can Tests Detect Alcohol in the Body?

Alcohol can remain in your system for up to 72 hours. How long alcohol can be detected depends on the kind of tests used: 

  • Blood tests can detect alcohol for roughly 6 hours.
  • Urine tests can detect alcohol for 12-24 hours.
  • Breath and saliva tests can detect alcohol for 12-24 hours. 
  • Hair tests can detect alcohol for up to 90 days.

When Excessive Drinking Becomes an Addiction

Alcohol is often socially acceptable, which is why it can be so hard to tell when your drinking is becoming a problem. While there is no safe level of drinking, guidelines for moderation14 are much lower than most people realize. 


If you’re concerned about your drinking and think you may need treatment to stop, search alcohol rehab centers and reach out directly to learn about available options.