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What Happens When You Get Sober?

When you’re living with an addiction, it can be hard to imagine recovery. Many people get lost in the negative, thinking about life without drugs or alcohol. But what about life with more time, energy, and emotional stability?

Addiction eats away at your resources. People lose money, relationships, their physical health—the list goes on and on. When you start healing, you’ll have so much more to work with. If you decide to attend a residential treatment center, experts can help you put those assets to use. And from there, you’ll start dreaming of—and planning for—a better future.

1. Your Mental Health Gets Better

Addiction affects both your physical and mental health. ((Addiction and health. National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/addiction-health)) And when you’re actively using drugs, the idea of withdrawal might sound even worse. That’s a valid fear. But it might not be a reality. With the right support, detox doesn’t have to be dangerous. Best of all, withdrawal and detox are temporary. And unlike continued substance use, they offer a lot to look forward to on the other side.

Focus More Easily

Addiction makes it hard to focus, ((Gould, T. J. (2010). Addiction and cognition. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 5(2), 4–14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120118/)) reason, and learn new things. It can also interfere with your memory. This is because drugs quite literally change your brain. You might not even notice these issues at first, since they start so gradually. But shortly after getting sober, you can expect your mental state to improve. ((Module 10: Sobriety Sampling. (n.d.). Boston Center for Treatment Development and Training. https://www.mass.gov/doc/module-10-sobriety-sampling-0/download))

Manage Co-Occurring Symptoms

Studies show that 50% of people with addiction also have a mental health condition. ((Part 1: The connection between substance use disorders and mental illness. National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/common-comorbidities-substance-use-disorders/part-1-connection-between-substance-use-disorders-mental-illness)) Because of this, many rehabs treat co-occurring disorders.

In these programs, you’ll learn how to manage your conditions in a healthy way. You may even find that just one type of treatment helps you heal from both addiction and another health issue. ((Pettinati, H. M., O’Brien, C. P., & Dundon, W. D. (2013). Current status of co-occurring mood and substance use disorders: A new therapeutic target. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010112))

2. Your Physical Health Improves

Addiction takes a serious toll on your body, as well as your mind. And before treatment, you may not even be aware of all your physical symptoms. Most rehabs can treat these issues alongside your mental health. And during recovery, your health may start to improve in some unexpected ways.

3. You Kickstart a Healthy Lifestyle

There’s more to recovery than therapy. Even in rehab, you can engage in fun, fulfilling hobbies, like martial arts or cooking. These healthy coping tools can help you stay grounded after you complete treatment.

Sobriety can help you get your life on track in measurable, practical ways. Studies show that most people’s finances improve during addiction recovery. ((Laudet, A. (2013). Life in Recovery [Report on Survey Findings]. Faces and Voices of Recovery. https://facesandvoicesofrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/22Life-in-Recovery22-Report-on-the-Survey-Findings.pdf)) And that, in turn, can improve your mental and even physical health. Experts agree that financial stability decreases your chance of depression, ((Bialowolski, P., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Lee, M. T., Chen, Y., VanderWeele, T. J., & McNeely, E. (2021). The role of financial conditions for physical and mental health. Evidence from a longitudinal survey and insurance claims data. Social Science & Medicine, 281, 114041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114041)) anxiety, and heart disease. This solid foundation can empower you to take healthy risks, like meeting new people.

4. You’ll Build a Sober Community

Sobriety can improve your relationships. ((Kemp, R. (2019). Addiction and addiction recovery: a qualitative research viewpoint. Journal of Psychological Therapies. 4. 167-179. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ryan-Kemp-3/publication/337410578_Addiction_and_addiction_recovery_a_qualitative_research_viewpoint/links/5e54e278299bf1bdb8395e12/Addiction-and-addiction-recovery-a-qualitative-research-viewpoint.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail)) Many residential programs are built to support this.  In rehab, you’re surrounded by people who support your healing goals. And once you start to repair your relationship with yourself and others, you’ll get to build a support network that has your back as you continue your journey.

This new community can be found through 12-Step meetings, non-12-Step support groups, sober living, or outpatient aftercare. Or, you could connect with people who share your interests. Whether you find a new hobby or pick up an old one, this can be a fun, low pressure way to find like-minded people.

If your previous social circle was built around drug use, this is your chance to form new, healthy relationships. And because forming social connections with other sober people can help prevent relapse, ((Study shows impact of social interactions on addictive behavior. (2018, October 15). National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/2018/10/study-shows-impact-of-social-interactions-on-addictive-behavior)) it’s an important part of your recovery.

5. You Have the Chance to Reconnect With Loved Ones

Addiction damages close relationships ((Lander, L., Howsare, J., & Byrne, M. (2013). The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: From theory to practice. Social Work in Public Health, 28(0), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2013.759005)) with both given and chosen family. But recovery empowers you to hone your interpersonal skills. And, in time, those skills might help you heal your family dynamic.

For Michael Waggoner, sobriety is an opportunity to reconnect with family. ((Michael waggoner. (2020, September 9). Faces & Voices of Recovery. https://facesandvoicesofrecovery.org/story/michael-waggoner/)) “I am rebuilding relationships with my family, I am rebuilding trust,” he says. “I am able to be a dad today and a positive influence in my son’s life.”

6. You Can Realize Your Higher Purpose

Experts say that “addiction is a response to boredom, loneliness, meaninglessness, and other existential struggles.” ((Thompson, G. R. (n.d.). Meaning Therapy for Addictions: A Case Study. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1026.5596&rep=rep1&type=pdf)) Sobriety can help you find your purpose, and go on to live a meaningful life. Instead of just coping with a series of problems, you can build confidence and start moving toward the future you want for yourself.

When he was addicted to alcohol, James Gibbon had “no hope for the future.” ((James gibbons. (2020, September 9). Faces & Voices of Recovery. https://facesandvoicesofrecovery.org/story/james-gibbons/)) He faced  legal, financial, and relationship problems as a result. “I accepted the fact that I would never own a home, have a career, graduate from college, meet somebody special, and start a family,” he says. But after treatment:

“I began to see potential in myself. My confidence began to grow.”

The hard work of recovery can help you resolve past trauma, and teach you healthier coping strategies. With those skills, James achieved all the goals he thought were beyond him. And that isn’t unusual. When you stop using drugs and enter recovery, your potential for success only grows.

Sobriety Is Just the Beginning

It takes hard work to get and stay sober.

Healing isn’t just about stopping drug use. It’s about starting a new chapter.

And once you commit to recovery, you might be surprised by your own strength. That self-confidence is a powerful starting point.

Visit our directory of inpatient rehabs to learn more about their locations, services, pricing, and more.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

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How to Prepare for Rehab

When you decide to go to rehab, you might not have a lot of time to prepare. This is likely an emotionally fraught process, but there are still ways to set yourself up for success. If you can take care of obligations at home before you leave, you won’t have to worry about anything but your recovery while you’re in treatment.

When you’re planning to start an inpatient rehab program, here’s how to prepare for recovery.

Learn More About Rehab

For many people, uncertainty causes a great deal of anxiety. So if you’re feeling nervous about treatment, or if you haven’t chosen your program yet, it’s a good idea to do some research about how the process works.

Find the right treatment program for you. Every person’s path to recovery is unique. And if this is your first time seriously considering rehab, you might not even know your options or where to look.

Learn more about what you can expect in rehab, from arrival to detox and withdrawal and beyond.

Take Care of Obligations to Your Loved Ones

If you have loved ones who rely on you, like children, dependent adults, or animals, it’s important to make a plan for them before you leave. When you know they’re being cared for, you can focus entirely on your own healing. And with non-dependent loved ones, it’s still helpful to let them know you’re going into treatment. That way they can process their own feelings, and prepare to support you after you come home. This is one way to set your relationship up for success after treatment.

  • Tell your loved ones that you’re going to rehab. If it’s difficult for you to talk about, tell just one person that you trust. Then, you can ask them to tell anyone else you’d like to keep informed.
  • Offer resources to your support system. If you can empower them to learn more about your addiction or mental health issues, they’ll have more tools to support your recovery.
  • Make a care plan for dependents. Know who will take care of them, where they need to go, and how they’ll get there.
  • Prepare your home for your sober return, if you’re planning on coming back after rehab. Throw away any drugs or alcohol, drug paraphernalia, and perishable food. Arrange for someone to collect your mail, water your plants, and so on. Turn on your security system if you have one. Do some light cleaning if you feel up to it.

Inform Your Workplace

Aside from your loved ones, it’s also important to let your workplace know that you will be gone.

  • Request time off, if you plan on returning to the same job when you come back. If you work in a place where the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) applies, you may be entitled to up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave. Check in your employee handbook to see if this applies to you.
    • Disclaimer: this post is for general informational purposes only, and should not be construed as legal advice. Do not substitute this information for legal counsel. Speak with a lawyer about your specific rights before taking action.
  • You may have special considerations depending on your occupation. If you’re an athlete, executive, or attorney, read more about the different factors that might affect your rehab experience.

Manage Your Financial and Legal Obligations

You may or may not have access to your phone or computer during rehab. And even if you do, you might not have the time or energy to check your email during rehab. If at all possible, it’s best to handle any time-sensitive financial and legal responsibilities before you start treatment.

  1. Set-up automatic payments for things like your phone, electricity, water, utilities, and credit card bills.
  2. Contact your legal representative if you have any ongoing legal cases, to make sure they know you’ll be in rehab. If you’re attending rehab because of a court order, you may have to complete paperwork to document the process.
  3. Talk to your insurance provider to find out if they’ll cover the cost of rehab.

Pack for Residential Treatment

There’s a lot to consider when you’re packing for rehab. Make sure to account for the length of the program, its location, and any special activities, like swimming or yoga. This packing list is an excellent place to start.

  1. Call your treatment center to ask for specific recommendations.
  2. Leave the following items at home:
    • All drugs and alcohol (including non-approved prescription medications and opened non-prescription medications)
    • Pornography
    • Weapons of any kind
    • Mouthwash, perfumes, or colognes that contain alcohol
    • Nail polish or nail polish remover
    • Outside food or drinks

Practice Self-Care Throughout Addiction Recovery

Preparing for rehab can be a lot of work. But it’s also an opportunity. You can spend this time centering yourself, and processing how you feel about recovery. Use these skills to meet your emotional needs, even as you take care of practical logistics.

  1. Use relaxation strategies like breath work or mindful meditation, if you feel anxious about starting treatment.
  2. Stay present. Once you start treatment, you’ll have plenty of time to plan for the future. And you’ll have professional support while you do. For now, though, thinking too far ahead can be counterproductive. Try your best to stay present. Recovery is an opportunity to create a better life for yourself. Use a journal or other techniques to help you focus on what’s happening right here, right now.
  3. Stay safe. This can be a stressful time, especially if you’re used to using drugs, alcohol, or self-harming behaviors to cope. But you don’t have to go through it alone. You might want to stay with a friend until your program starts, or ask someone to drive you to rehab. And once you arrive at treatment, you’ll have the support you need.
  4. Get professional advice before you stop taking drugs. You might feel so motivated to begin recovery that you want to quit cold turkey. However, suddenly quitting some drugs, like opioids or benzos, can be extremely dangerous. If you have questions about how to stay safe, talk to a doctor or your rehab center before taking any action.

Prepare Yourself Now to Find Success in Rehab

The time between deciding to go to rehab and actually entering your treatment program comes with a mix of emotions–excitement, anxiety, and more. If you can take time to prepare for rehab, you’ll set the tone for the rest of your recovery. But it’s okay if you let some things go. Give yourself some grace. You’re going through big changes, and you deserve patience and compassion—even from yourself.

Learn what to expect from a rehab program, such as their pricing, therapies, specialties, and more.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

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Resources for Healing From Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is hugely stigmatized, and not well understood by the general public. There are many resources for the loved ones and family members of people with BPD. But if you’re the one living with this condition, it can be hard to get the help you need—and deserve.

BPD is a serious mental illness, not a personal failing. You are not to blame for your symptoms. That said, you are responsible for your own recovery process. It’s not all on you, though. You can and should get expert support. You might even attend rehab for BPD. And even before you start treatment, these resources can empower you to start healing.

What Is BPD?

As the name says, BPD is in a class of mental illnesses termed “personality disorders.” But, according to psychiatric researchers at Monash University, the name is harmfully inaccurate. “Rather than as a personality disorder,” they write, “BPD is better thought of as a complex response to trauma. ((Kulkarni, J., & Walker, P. (n.d.). We need to treat borderline personality disorder for what it really is – a response to trauma. The Conversation. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from http://theconversation.com/we-need-to-treat-borderline-personality-disorder-for-what-it-really-is-a-response-to-trauma-115549)) It’s time we changed its name.”

BPD is defined by 9 diagnostic criteria. ((Biskin, R. S., & Paris, J. (2012). Diagnosing borderline personality disorder. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(16), 1789–1794. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.090618)) If you exhibit 5 or more of these symptoms, you might have BPD. Unlike some other mental illnesses, a lot of the criteria are behavioral, and not just internal. For example, the first item on the list is “frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.” Even with treatment, your fear of abandonment might never go away. But you can learn to manage that fear, instead of acting out and damaging your relationships.

This has powerful implications. In short, it means that it’s possible to recover from BPD. ((Biskin, R. S. (2015). The lifetime course of borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 60(7), 303–308. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500179/)) In one study, “slightly more than one-half the patients with BPD achieved recovery” in the long term. Experts note that there is always a risk of relapse. You may need ongoing therapy or other treatment to stay in remission. Wherever you are in your healing journey, you can use a variety of tools to support your mental health.

1. Workbooks for Recovery

There are several workbooks designed to help people living with borderline personality disorder. You can even go through some of these on your own. Others are more advanced, and can be very triggering if you don’t have expert support. Talk to your therapist about which ones are right for you, right now. As you work through these books, try to be gentle with yourself. You don’t need to move quickly, or prove you’re a “good student.” Instead, think about gradually integrating these ideas into your daily life. Move forward slowly and sustainably, instead of going so fast that you fall.

This book is a great introduction to recovery from borderline. It contains worksheets, case studies, and in-depth descriptions of the diagnosis. If you’ve just been diagnosed, these materials to learn about your recovery options.

Dialectical behavior therapy, or DBT, is a therapy designed to help people with BPD. DBT is structured like a class, with group sessions and homework assignments. You may also see a 1:1 therapist. This is the latest edition of the textbook that most DBT groups use. If you’re planning to start DBT soon, it might be helpful to flip through the book on your own beforehand. But don’t dive in too deep. Instead, wait for your therapist to guide you through the assignments.

This is an advanced workbook. If you’re already working with a therapist to treat your BPD, you can ask whether they think it would be helpful. The subject matter can be triggering, especially if you’re new to this diagnosis. But if you’ve been in recovery for some time, these insightful worksheets can take your healing process to the next level.

2. DBT Card Decks

With a therapeutic deck of cards, it’s easy to integrate mental wellness into your daily routine. Each deck contains bite-sized tips and activities, founded in a specific healing modality. You might try drawing a new card every morning, and thinking about it throughout the day. Or, you can keep the deck on hand, and shuffle through it whenever you need support. This format makes recovery more accessible, even on days when you don’t speak to your therapist.

This is a companion deck to the workbook by the same authors. It’s organized into 4 suits, which correspond to the 4 modules of DBT: ((Biskin, R. S. (2015). The lifetime course of borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 60(7), 303–308. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500179/)) mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. Each card describes an activity you can do to practice your DBT skills.

This deck uses the same 4 modules of DBT, and it adds a 5th: Dialectics. In that suit, you’re asked to hold 2 opposing ideas in your mind at the same time. For example, one card reads: “Think about someone’s ideas or perspectives that are disagreeable to you. Now find the kernel of truth in those ideas or perspectives from that person’s vantage point. Is there a middle ground between the extremes?”

The second edition of Pederson’s DBT deck contains even more ideas and activities for people living with BPD.

3. Self-Help Books

If you learn best by reading, you might want to check out these books about mental health. And you don’t only have to read about borderline personality disorder. In fact, learning too much about BPD too fast can interfere with your healing process. A lot of information can be triggering, especially if it perpetuates stigma. If you’re just starting your recovery journey, they can wait. Instead, you might want to start with more practical guides to improving your daily life. And of course, if your therapist recommends you read more about BPD, there’s always more to learn.

Written by a psychotherapist, this book is based on the principles of acceptance and commitment therapy (or ACT, pronounced like the word “act”). Harris teaches that you can live a meaningful life when you stop trying so hard to be happy. The pressure to achieve some imaginary goal can actually get in your way. You’ll also learn about mindfulness exercises, which can be especially helpful for people for people with BPD.

There’s a difference between codependency and borderline personality disorder, ((Dependency, codependency, and bpd(Borderline personality disorder). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kW1_8pBmkXE)) but they often co-occur. According to BPD specialist Dr. Daniel Fox, ““Those with BPD are at a high likelihood to have dependency and codependent traits.” This book is considered the gold standard for recovery from codependency. But it’s rooted in the principles of 12-Step recovery, which aren’t a great fit for everyone. Specifically, the author writes from a spiritual perspective, often referencing a Christian higher power. The practical tools in this text might still be helpful, even if you don’t share those beliefs.

4. Positive Media Representation of Borderline Personality Disorder

It can be hard to find respectful representations of people with borderline. And there are all too many movie villains who exhibit BPD symptoms. When you’re entering recovery, it’s best to avoid these harmful narratives. Fortunately, there are a few examples of main characters who are actively trying to heal from this serious condition.

Don’t let the title fool you. In fact, the writers use it as a tool to highlight the stigma against BPD. The main character, Rebecca Bunch, often talks about how hurtful it is to be referred to this way. The series begins before her diagnosis, and follows her through a mental health crisis and early recovery. Critics agree that Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is a deeply empathetic look at life with borderline personality disorder. This is a fictional portrayal of BPD, and it certainly won’t resonate with everyone. (Especially if you don’t like musical theater.)

In her memoir, Gelder fearlessly confronts some common experiences of people with BPD. First, she describes the instability of life before her diagnosis. Her healing journey is non-linear, with bouts of therapy, remission, and relapse. Her self-compassion may be inspiring for people just starting to think about recovery.

5. Finding the Right Therapist

Therapy is an essential part of healing from many mental illnesses. Borderline is no exception. And since BPD is often related to childhood trauma, ((Bozzatello, P., Rocca, P., Baldassarri, L., Bosia, M., & Bellino, S. (2021). The role of trauma in early onset borderline personality disorder: A biopsychosocial perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361)) healing can be complex. While you’re learning new skills, you may also have to work through painful memories. But with the right support, healing can be empowering—and even joyful.

Not every therapist is qualified to treat people with BPD. If you’re just getting started, look for a provider with experience in some of these areas:

  • Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an extremely common way to treat borderline personality disorder. Classic DBT combines group and individual sessions. But a therapist might be trained in these techniques even if they only offer 1:1 therapy.
  • Mindfulness can be very helpful for people healing from BPD. In fact, DBT is based on the principles of buddhism.
  • Trauma-informed care is designed to treat people with PTSD, c-PTSD, or just a history of trauma. Since there’s so much overlap between BPD and trauma, this approach might be a good fit for people with this condition.

Living Well, With BPD

If you have BPD, it’s important to take your recovery seriously. With the right support, you can absolutely go into remission. And you can go on to live a full and meaningful life. In time, the criteria for this diagnosis might not even fit you any more.

But healing isn’t simple. And a lot of your work in therapy will center around learning to accept contradictions. One of these is: you are doing your best, and you can learn to do better. Living well is hard work, but it’s worth it. And there are plenty of resources to help you get started.

Reach out to a rehab center that treats BPD to learn more about their types of therapy, pricing options, aftercare programs, and more.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

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4 Alternative Therapies for Trauma

Healing from trauma is complicated, and nonlinear. Symptoms can last for years after you get to safety—and they can change over time. What comforts you on a Monday may be triggering on Tuesday. It can be frustrating to feel like you’re not healing fast enough, even when you’re actively trying to get better.

That frustration can be valuable, if you let it motivate you. Healing is, in part, the process of getting to know yourself again. And in rehab for trauma, you can achieve that in any number of ways. You might even experiment with different forms of treatment, until you find the ones that work best for you. These non-traditional therapies can be powerful components of your recovery.

Somatic Healing

Emotional trauma impacts physical health. ((Ho, G. W. K., Karatzias, T., Vallières, F., Bondjers, K., Shevlin, M., Cloitre, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Astill Wright, L., & Hyland, P. (2021). Complex PTSD symptoms mediate the association between childhood trauma and physical health problems. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 142, 110358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110358)) Research even links childhood trauma to heart disease in adults. As a result, experts believe that body-based therapies can support emotional recovery from trauma. ((Grabbe, L., & Miller-Karas, E. (2018). The trauma resiliency model: A “bottom-up” intervention for trauma psychotherapy. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 24(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390317745133)) One study reported that these treatments are “more effective for trauma than currently used cognitive (‘top-down”) and exposure therapies.”

Somatic therapies—or body-based therapies—focus on the mind-body connection. Treatments help you address the trauma stored in both your brain and your body, at the same time.

Bodywork

Studies show that receiving safe, healthy touch can help you process traumatic experiences. ((Strauss, J., & Lang, A. (2012). Complementary and alternative treatments for ptsd. PTSD Research Quarterly, 23(2), 2–7. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/publications/rq_docs/v23n2.pdf)) For example, massage and other types of bodywork may help people heal from the emotional impact of sexual assault.

Trauma and Tension Release Exercises (TRE)

These exercises help patients let go of physical and emotional tension. During a session, you’ll shake your body in a safe, gentle way. Experts say that TRE mimics the natural feeling of shaking in response to trauma. ((Case report of a former soldier using tre (Tension/trauma releasing exercises) for posttraumatic stress disorder self-care. (n.d.). JMVH. Retrieved from https://jmvh.org/article/case-report-of-a-former-soldier-using-tre-tension-trauma-releasing-exercises-for-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-self-care/)) And that sensation can “relieve tension, reduce hypervigilance” and increase feelings of well-being. If you’d like to try TRE, make sure you learn it from a trained practitioner. Once you’re comfortable with the exercises, you can also use them as a type of self-care.

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)

Also called tapping, EFT teaches patients to tap on acupressure points ((Flint, G. A., Lammers, W., & Mitnick, D. G. (2006). Emotional freedom techniques. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 12(1–2), 125–150. https://doi.org/10.1300/J146v12n01_07)) to relieve stress. Studies show that emotional freedom technique relieves trauma symptoms, ((Church, D., Hawk, C., Brooks, A., Toukolehto, O., Wren, M., Dinter, I., & Stein, P. (2013). Psychological Trauma Symptom Improvement in Veterans Using Emotional Freedom Techniques. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827f6351)) sometimes completely. EFT can also treat clinical depression and anxiety.  ((Bach, D., Groesbeck, G., Stapleton, P., Sims, R., Blickheuser, K., & Church, D. (2019). Clinical eft (Emotional freedom techniques) improves multiple physiological markers of health. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 24, 2515690X18823691. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X18823691))

Mindfulness-Based Treatments

Mindfulness helps with emotion regulation, ((Lee, M. Y., Eads, R., & Hoffman, J. (2022). “I felt it and i let it go”: Perspectives on meditation and emotional regulation among female survivors of interpersonal trauma with co-occurring disorders. Journal of Family Violence, 37(4), 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00329-7)) which is a common issue for trauma survivors. This umbrella term refers to a variety of techniques. Some rehabs offer yoga classes, and others teach you how to meditate. But this approach isn’t right for everyone.

If you have a history of trauma, mindfulness can be triggering. As psychotherapist and trauma researcher David A. Treleaven writes, some patients find “meditation can actually end up exacerbating symptoms of traumatic stress.” ((SoP. (2018, January 28). Is mindfulness safe for trauma survivors? The Science of Psychotherapy. https://www.thescienceofpsychotherapy.com/is-mindfulness-safe-for-trauma-survivors/)) Researchers caution that mindfulness techniques can “destabilize clients who are particularly prone to flashbacks, ((Boyd, J. E., Lanius, R. A., & McKinnon, M. C. (2018). Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 43(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.170021
)) rumination, or easily triggered trauma memories.”

What works for you might trigger someone else. If you’d like to try healing through mindfulness, make sure to get professional support. These techniques aren’t right for everyone, but some patients find them extremely helpful.

Meditation

Data supports meditation as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ((Talkovsky, A., & Lang, A. (2017). Meditation-based approaches in the treatment of ptsd. PTSD Research Quarterly, 28(2), 2–10. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/publications/rq_docs/V28N2.pdf
)) This spiritual practice also has physical health benefits.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

According to experts in mindfulness at Brown University, MBCT “combines training in mindfulness meditation practices with principles from cognitive therapy.” ((What is mindfulness based cognitive therapy? | mindfulness center | brown university. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.brown.edu/public-health/mindfulness/ideas/what-mindfulness-based-cognitive-therapy)) Whether you attend 1:1 or group sessions of MBCT, ((Schroevers, M. J., Tovote, K. A., Snippe, E., & Fleer, J. (2016). Group and individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Mbct) are both effective: A pilot randomized controlled trial in depressed people with a somatic disease. Mindfulness, 7(6), 1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0575-z)) your therapist will guide you through meditations and cognitive exercises. You may also have homework between sessions. MBCT can treat the symptoms of PTSD. ((Boyd, J. E., Lanius, R. A., & McKinnon, M. C. (2018). Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 43(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.170021
))

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

In many ways, this therapy is similar to MBCT. For example, you’ll likely go through treatment with a group. But instead of using cognitive therapy, patients learn a wider variety of mindfulness techniques. After about 6 weeks of MBSR, patients go on a brief meditation retreat. ((Boyd, J. E., Lanius, R. A., & McKinnon, M. C. (2018). Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 43(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.170021)) Experts agree that these mindfulness exercises can relieve trauma symptoms. ((Khatib, L., Riegner, G., Dean, J. G., Oliva, V., Cruanes, G., Mulligan, B. A., & Zeidan, F. (2022). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on trauma in victims of gun violence: A pilot study. Mindfulness, 13(4), 1032–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01858-yfOctober))

Non-Traditional Talk Therapy

Mindfulness teaches you to focus on the present moment. Other treatments help you understand the past. In some types of talk therapy, patients learn to live with traumatic events. You might describe or even re-experience your most difficult memories. The goal is not to trigger you, but to help you process what happened.

Psychodynamic Therapy

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), “psychodynamic therapy focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering.” ((Psychodynamic psychotherapy brings lasting benefits through self-knowledge. (n.d.). Https://Www.Apa.Org. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/01/psychodynamic-therapy)) Patients work closely with a therapist to get to the root of their symptoms. Short-term psychodynamic therapy ((Chapter 7—Brief psychodynamic therapy. (1999). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64952/)) includes a finite number of 1:1 sessions. Some therapists recommend a much longer treatment program. In that case, you’ll spend the first few sessions free associating, as your therapist gets to know you. Psychodynamic therapy can help with PTSD ((Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., & Gray, S. H. (2008). Contributions of psychodynamic approaches to treatment of PTSD and trauma: a review of the empirical treatment and psychopathology literature. Psychiatry, 71(1), 13–34. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.456.4171&rep=rep1&type=pdf)) and related conditions, including addiction.

Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)

By telling your story, you can take control of it. During NET, patients tell the stories of their lives. ((Narrative exposure therapy(Net). (n.d.). Https://Www.Apa.Org. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/narrative-exposure-therapy)) You’ll focus on traumatic memories, and also talk about some positive ones. Your therapist guides you to re-experience painful emotions, but stay in touch with the present moment.

Inner Child Work

This treatment is just what it sounds like—recognizing that a version of your younger self lives on within you. There are countless ways to connect with your inner child. ((Healing trauma through inner child work | cptsdfoundation. Org. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cptsdfoundation.org/2020/07/20/healing-trauma-through-inner-child-work/)) For example, you could write them a letter. You can also meditate, picture their face, and start a conversation. It can be especially helpful to ask them simple questions, like “how do you feel?” or “what do you need to feel safe?” This work can bring up repressed feelings and even memories. If you’re new to recovery, it’s best to embark on inner child work with a guide, like a therapist or other professional.

Creative Therapies

Talk therapy can be central to recovery. But it’s not the only way to heal. Creative pursuits help patients unlock deeper emotions and repressed memories. They can also help you release physical, emotional, and even spiritual pain. These therapies empower you to express yourself, working through trauma in the process.

Art Therapy

In art therapy, you’ll create visual art as a way of connecting with your feelings. Sessions may take place 1:1 or in a group setting. By sharing your creations with other people—including your therapist—you practice self-expression. If you enjoy making art, this can become a healthy coping mechanism in the long term. Art can also help you externalize traumatic memories, ((Campbell, M., Decker, K. P., Kruk, K., & Deaver, S. P. (2016). Art therapy and cognitive processing therapy for combat-related ptsd: A randomized controlled trial. Art Therapy : Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 33(4), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2016.1226643)) making it easier to live with them.

Music Therapy

Music therapy can alleviate many symptoms of PTSD. ((Landis-Shack, N., Heinz, A. J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2017). Music therapy for posttraumatic stress in adults: A theoretical review. Psychomusicology, 27(4), 334–342. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744879/)) According to experts, it’s especially helpful for addressing “negative affect and mood alterations.” Because it has such an emotional impact, listening to or playing music may help you regulate your feelings. It can even help outside of therapy sessions. For example, listening to a happy song might help you calm down after being triggered.

Dance Movement Therapy

Experts write that dance therapy “enhances resilience” in trauma survivors. ((Martinec, R. (2018). Dance movement therapy in the wider concept of trauma rehabilitation. Journal of Trauma and Rehabilitation. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327418865_Dance_Movement_Therapy_in_the_Wider_Concept_of_Trauma_Rehabilitation)) There are several reasons for this. For example, dance helps people feel whole by including the body in the process of emotional recovery. As a result, it may reduce dissociative symptoms for people with PTSD. Dance can also build up your confidence. This encourages patients to find joy in the process of healing.

Trauma Recovery on Your Own Terms

Living through trauma changes you. You probably won’t ever return to who you were before. But there’s always a way forward. Recovery is the process of finding the path that works best for you, and takes you exactly where you need to go. With the right kind of treatment, you can build a life you love. And you get to decide what that means.

Find out more about what happens in rehab for trauma recovery, including types of therapy, lengths of stay, housing, and pricing.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

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Naturopathic Medicine for Addiction Recovery

Naturopathy is a type of medicine based on the idea that the body can heal itself. Instead of just treating your symptoms, naturopaths teach you healthy, sustainable habits. For example, you might alter your diet, take supplements, or start working out. And over time, these gentle changes support your body’s natural impulse to be well. 

A naturopath’s job is to identify the obstacles to your health, and help you move past them. And in a rehab with naturopathic treatments, this can be an important part of addiction recovery. 

What Is Naturopathy?

Naturopathy is sometimes called an alternative medicine.1 According to the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians,2 these specialists are versed in “certain areas of study not covered in conventional medical school. At the same time, aspiring naturopathic doctors receive training in the same biomedical and diagnostic sciences as MDs.” Naturopaths with the right training can even work as primary care providers. 

By law, naturopaths are licensed differently in various locations.3 In the U.S., for instance, insurance only covers this type of treatment in certain states. If you want to try naturopathy, talk to your rehab, and your insurance provider, about your options. 

Treating Addiction With Naturopathy

Naturopathy is a clearly established practice, and not an umbrella term. Many rehabs combine this approach with complementary holistic treatments, like energy healing. And yes, these activities can be part of a naturopathic treatment plan. But you won’t always receive them from the same provider. 

Some rehabs take a naturopathic approach to every aspect of addiction recovery. Others combine naturopathy with more traditional therapies. Either way, most naturopathic doctors4 use similar techniques to help you start healing. 

Nutrition

Most naturopaths will assess your dietary habits, and may suggest changes. This can have a major impact on addiction recovery. Many drugs damage your digestive health.5 And every drug has unique effects. Your personal history will inform your course of treatment. A naturopath might recommend that you take supplements, or cut out certain foods.

Some facilities, like Maison Ila, may even suggest intermittent fasting. At this treatment center, you’ll consult with a naturopath to learn about nutrition. Your bespoke meal plan will then be based on their suggestions. Every menu includes local and seasonal ingredients, sourced from the lush French countryside. 

Ila Maison bedroom
Treatment at Maison Ila in France is tailored to each guest, including bespoke meal plans.

Hawaii Naturopathic Retreat also has a strong focus on nutrition. Clients may try one of several dietary plans, like therapeutic fasting, or a raw food diet. They also offer sugar-free and salt-free options. Each plan is “anti-inflammatory, high in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fiber.”6 The goal is to detoxify the body not only from drugs, but also from harmful chemicals. 

Naturopathic Medications

In many areas, licensed naturopaths can prescribe controlled substances.7 So in some programs, your naturopath may treat you using medication. And you might end up taking a well-known Western medication—or you might not. 

Naturopathic doctors can also prescribe botanical medicines to treat addiction.8 For example, some naturopaths use kratom, an herbal painkiller, for patients with opioid use disorder. Others, like the team at The Hermitage Centre, use naturopathy during initial detox. 

The Hermitage Centre patio
Detox regimens are highly-personalized at The Hermitage Centre in Gold Coast, Australia.

Homeopathy

Although it’s a distinct type of treatment, homeopathy is often used by naturopathic doctors.9 And in some ways, it’s very similar to botanical medicine. Homeopathic remedies10 are very small—sometimes microscopic—doses of natural plant extracts. These treatments are usually delivered in pill form. 

While some studies show that homeopathy can treat addiction,11 more research is needed. But if you’re curious about this approach, a naturopath can answer your questions. Rehabs like Le Center for Health and Wellness recommend homeopathy during rehab—but only with close supervision. 

IV Drip Therapy

Pills aren’t the only way to ingest medication. In some areas, naturopaths can legally prescribe IV drip therapy.12 In this controversial method, clients receive vitamins, minerals, and nutrients intravenously. Supporters say IV drip therapy can treat addiction and other mental health issues. But many disagree. 

Ather Ali, a doctor of naturopathic medicine and health researcher at the Yale School of Medicine, falls squarely in the middle. According to his research, IV therapy is a placebo.13 But it’s often an effective one. And “when your child falls down and scrapes their knee, you give them a kiss,” he told NPR. “There’s value in that.”

Manual Therapy

Manual therapy14 can refer to most hands-on healing modalities. Massage therapy, craniosacral therapy, and some physical therapy techniques fall into this category. If they have the right training, your naturopath might offer these treatments during rehab. Or, they might refer you to another specialist for complementary therapy. 

At The River Source, in Arizona, regular naturopathic massages help improve clients’ sleep patterns. These sessions help you let go of the physical and mental stress of recovery. 

The River Source
The River Source in Arizona City uses a holistic approach to treatment.

Exercise as Addiction Treatment

Most primary care providers recommend exercise.15 But, as one study found, few recommend specific types of exercise. This leaves patients wondering what to do next. Naturopathic doctors Jennifer Gibbons and Osemekhian Okojie write that people with their expertise  “are uniquely qualified” to give clients more guidance. “The training we receive in anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and biochemistry allows us to go beyond the general and broad fitness recommendations that one can find in an average health magazine,” they explain. 

At Hawaii Naturopathic Retreat, exercise is a big part of recovery. Clients go for walks, take yoga classes, and spend time at the gym. And with locations near Kealakekua Bay and Hilo Bay, “opportunities for self-guided exercise are almost limitless.”16 But even if you work out on your own, you’ll be following a treatment plan, tailored to help you recover. 

These activities affect more than your level of fitness. Researchers believe that exercise can also treat addiction.17 Preliminary studies show that working out helps normalize dopamine levels. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in both addiction and the feeling of satisfaction.18 And regulating it can improve both your physical and mental well-being. 

Mental Health Recovery

Le Center Health Wellness Bellevue
A peek into Le Center for Health and Wellness, located in Bellevue, Washington.

Naturopathy doesn’t only heal the body; it also supports mental health. At Le Center for Health and Wellness, lifestyle counseling is an essential part of treatment. And clients at Birch Wellness Center can get naturopathic treatment for anxiety, depression, and stress.

This approach may look different from traditional talk therapy. And it may not be right for everyone. But you don’t necessarily have to choose. Some centers invite you to combine naturopathy with other forms of treatment. The goal is to help you heal as effectively as possible. And that means something different for each client. 

Naturopathy Clears the Path to Recovery

This branch of medicine is rooted in profound trust. Naturopaths don’t just treat your symptoms. They might not even diagnose a cause. Instead, their job is to support you in the natural process of healing. With fewer barriers, and more effective tools, you can take the lead in your recovery journey. And when you’re empowered to heal yourself, life becomes far more sustainable. 


To start planning your recovery, learn more about rehabs that offer naturopathic treatment, including their locations, insurance coverage, and complementary therapies.

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Can Animal-Assisted Therapy Actually Help You Heal?

Some people find it easier to relate to animals than to other humans.

Animals are easy to be around, as they’re nonjudgmental and unconditionally loving. And those can be especially helpful qualities when you’re working through vulnerable issues.

In animal-assisted therapy (AAT), animals like horses, dogs, and dolphins support the therapy process by helping people feel safe to explore feelings they might otherwise struggle to get in touch with.

The Basics of AAT

All animal-assisted therapies share the following qualities:

  • They’re goal-directed.
  • They aim to improve physical, social, emotional, or cognitive function.
  • The animal is a central part of treatment.
  • A licensed service provider facilitates the interaction.

AAT can take place in group or individual settings. It’s important to note that animal-assisted therapies are an addition to primary care. ((Monfort Montolio, M., & Sancho-Pelluz, J. (2020). Animal-assisted therapy in the residential treatment of dual pathology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010120)) In rehab, you’ll likely work through a treatment plan based on psychotherapy, with AAT and other complementary therapies supporting your experience.

Some facilities even allow you to bring your pet to rehab.

Which Animals Does Animal-Assisted Therapy Use?

Therapists may bring various animals into an AAT session:

  • dogs
  • cats
  • horses
  • farm animals
  • birds
  • dolphins
  • reptiles

Some animals are more popular in treatment programs because their personality traits lend themselves to therapeutic goals. While you may be more likely to encounter horses, dogs, and dolphins, which animals your rehab works with will depend on their location, facilities, and staff.

When choosing an AAT program, consider which animals you feel a stronger connection with. For example, you might resonate more with dogs if your beloved childhood pet was a golden retriever. “Some people just have preferences for other animals ((Sawicki, R. (2022, March 5). Animal-Assisted Therapy Brings Joy to a Delaware Prison. U.S. News & World Report; U.S. News & World Report L.P. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/delaware/articles/2022-03-05/animal-assisted-therapy-brings-joy-to-a-delaware-prison)) and it triggers some memories for them that were positive,” said Rachel Boulden, a treatment administrator at Baylor Women’s Correctional Institution.

Equine Therapy: “Horses Don’t Judge”

In equine therapy (ET), therapists use horses to facilitate connection, comfort, and healing. ((Marchand, W. R., Andersen, S. J., Smith, J. E., Hoopes, K. H., & Carlson, J. K. (2021). Equine-assisted activities and therapies for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Current state, challenges and future directions. Chronic Stress, 5, 2470547021991556. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547021991556)) Sessions usually involve tasks like grooming, riding, or walking the horse. Your therapist will assess your comfort level with horses before asking you to do any activities—in fact, the first session often involves simply getting to know the horse.

This nonjudgmental space helps people feel more at ease expressing their emotions. According to Janice Story, an Equine and Meditation Coach at Soberman’s Estate, “The horses are incredible at helping our clients feel connected because horses don’t judge. Our clients immediately feel a connection with them. It helps teach them trust. It teaches them communication and boundaries.”

sobermans estate equine therapy

In addition to working on communication, equine therapy can also help with confidence. Horses are large animals, which might feel intimidating for some. Many patients find that overcoming these fears raises their self-esteem.

Canine Therapy: “You Could Feel All That High-Stress Energy Had Just Dissipated”

Canine-assisted therapy, also known as dog-assisted therapy, is the most popular form of AAT. During sessions, people can interact with the dog—they might pet them, talk to them, or simply sit with them.

“You could feel all that high-stress energy had just dissipated and you see the person petting the dog and having a conversation with the handler,” ((Pooch Power: Therapy Dogs Bring Quick Relief in the ER. (2022, March 10). U.S. News & World Report; U.S. News & World Report L.P. https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2022-03-10/pooch-power-therapy-dogs-bring-quick-relief-in-the-er)) says sociology professor Dr. Colleen Anne Dell. “Sometimes they’re having conversations. Sometimes they’re not. Sometimes the dog is just snuggling up to them and they’re getting that comfort from that animal.”

Dolphin Therapy: “They Connect With You Somehow”

Dolphin-assisted therapy sessions ((Fiksdal, B. L., Houlihan, D., & Barnes, A. C. (2012). Dolphin-assisted therapy: Claims versus evidence. Autism Research and Treatment, 2012, 839792. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/839792)) start with simple interactions, like touching or giving commands to the animals. You might care for the dolphin, or simply observe it. After you feel more comfortable, you may complete various exercises that involve swimming or playing with the dolphins.

The length and duration of sessions vary from program to program. Dolphins are usually captive, though some facilities use wild dolphins. At Hawaii Island Recovery, clients can swim with wild spinner dolphins.

Environmentally conscious treatment seekers should note that this therapy is controversial. While many purport its benefits, others say there’s no science to support it. ((Inside the murky world of dolphin therapy. (2021, August 11). Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/inside-the-murky-world-of-dolphin-therapy))  Claims that captivity causes dolphins psychological harm ((MacDonald, James. “The Ethics of Research on Captive Dolphins.” JSTOR Daily, 7 Oct. 2019, https://daily.jstor.org/the-ethics-of-research-on-captive-dolphins/.)) are widely known, but the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also advises against dolphin interactions in the wild. ((Fisheries, NOAA. “Six Reasons Why You Should Not Swim with Wild Spinner Dolphins | NOAA Fisheries.” NOAA, 12 Nov. 2021, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/six-reasons-why-you-should-not-swim-wild-spinner-dolphins.)) A new law in Hawaii even “prohibits swimming with, approaching, or remaining within 50 yards (45.7 meters) of a Hawaiian spinner dolphin.”

The Benefits of Animal-Assisted Therapy: Healing Through Unconditional Love

1. Animals Have Calming Effects

Spending time with animals can decrease stress, even if it’s only for a short while. One study found that interacting with therapy dogs for just 5 minutes decreased stress and anxiety ((Kline, Jeffrey A., et al. “Randomized Trial of Therapy Dogs Versus Deliberative Coloring (Art Therapy) to Reduce Stress in Emergency Medicine Providers.” Academic Emergency Medicine, edited by Mark B. Mycyk, vol. 27, no. 4, Apr. 2020, pp. 266–75. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13939.)) in emergency workers.

This might be because connecting with animals lowers levels of cortisol: ((The power of pets. (2018, February 1). NIH News in Health. https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/02/power-pets)) the hormone associated with stress. Research also shows that interactions with dogs increase oxytocin levels, ((Cimons, Marlene. “Your Dog Can Make You Feel Better, and Here’s Why.” Washington Post, 19 Sept. 2016. www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/your-dog-can-make-you-feel-better-and-heres-why/2016/09/19/fde4aeec-6a2a-11e6-8225-fbb8a6fc65bc_story.html.)) especially when the dog is your pet. Known as the “love hormone,” oxytocin encourages relaxation and eases stress.

Bear Betty Ford animal therapy

“Oxytocin has some powerful effects for us in the body’s ability to be in a state of readiness to heal, and also to grow new cells,” ((Rovner, Julie. “Pet Therapy: How Animals And Humans Heal Each Other.” NPR, 5 Mar. 2012. NPR, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/03/09/146583986/pet-therapy-how-animals-and-humans-heal-each-other.)) says Rebecca Johnson of the Research Center for Human/Animal Interaction at the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, “so it predisposes us to an environment in our own bodies where we can be healthier.”

2. A Safe Space to Explore Emotions

Animals aren’t judgmental beings, which is a large part of why AAT allows people to open up. Some people still feel uncomfortable sharing their deepest emotions with a fellow human, even if that human is a trained psychotherapist. But they may feel more at ease with an animal.

“They’ll sit on the ground holding the dog and say, ‘I hate talking about this’ or ‘I don’t want to admit this,’ but they’ll start talking to the dog and start sharing, and it all just comes out,” says Boulden.

3. Animals Understand You

Animals seem to understand how humans feel. Dogs in particular have more therapeutic impact ((Bolt, Charlotte, et al. “Exploring the Therapeutic Opportunities, Challenges and Psychological Mechanisms of Integrating Dogs into Psychological Therapies with Adults.” Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, vol. 47, May 2022, p. 101564. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101564.)) than other animals. This could be because of their “emotional evolution:” a result of the domestication process.

Researchers of dog-human relationships ((Gee, Nancy R., et al. “Dogs Supporting Human Health and Well-Being: A Biopsychosocial Approach.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science, vol. 8, Mar. 2021, p. 630465. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.630465.)) explain:

“Through the processes of domestication and natural selection, dogs have become adept at socializing with humans. For example, research suggests dogs are sensitive to our emotional states as well as our social gestures, and they also can communicate with us using complex cues such as gaze alternation. In addition, dogs can form complex attachment relationships with humans that mirror that of infant-caregiver relationships.”

4. Animals Reduce Loneliness and Provide Social Support

Addiction is often called a disease of isolation, ((Everything You Think You Know about Addiction Is Wrong | Johann Hari. www.youtube.com, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY9DcIMGxMs. Accessed 29 Sept. 2022.)) and loneliness plays a major role in substance abuse. Even when substances aren’t in the picture, social isolation can significantly impact our mental health. Former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy noticed this when he spoke with people across different communities. Those who struggled with mental health issues like depression, addiction, and anxiety seemed to have one commonality: feeling alone.

Luckily, pets can help with that. ((Lee, Bruce Y. “Are You Feeling Lonely? How About Getting A Pet?” Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2019/06/02/are-you-feeling-lonely-how-about-getting-a-pet/. Accessed 29 Sept. 2022.))

Animals provide unconditional acceptance ((The power of pets. (2018, February 1). NIH News in Health. https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/02/power-pets)) and love, which alleviates lonely feelings. And in addition to their own companionship, animals can facilitate more social interactions with other people. “Animals can become a way of building a bridge for those social interactions,” says Dr. James Griffin, a child development expert at National Institutes of Health.

Potential Drawbacks of Animal-Assisted Therapy

1. Safety Concerns

For the most part, animal-assisted therapies are safe. Certified animals undergo rigorous training to prevent sticky situations from occurring.

But some animals are more tame than others. The risks involved in interacting with dogs or cats, for example, are far less than with horses or dolphins. “Because dolphins aren’t domesticated, ((Inside the murky world of dolphin therapy. (2021, August 11). Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/inside-the-murky-world-of-dolphin-therapy)) they don’t lose their wild traits, and their behavior is difficult to predict or control,” says Toni Frohoff, a behavioral and wildlife biologist for Terramar Research.

2. AAT Can Be Expensive

For the most part, AAT isn’t cheap, especially if you travel to a new location. For example, 5 days of dolphin therapy in the Bahamas is $4,500—not including airfare or accommodation. ((Inside the murky world of dolphin therapy. (2021, August 11). Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/inside-the-murky-world-of-dolphin-therapy))

3. Results Are Mixed

While research shows that it improves mental health, experts note that many of the studies on AAT are flawed. ((Kamioka, H., Okada, S., Tsutani, K., Park, H., Okuizumi, H., Handa, S., Oshio, T., Park, S.-J., Kitayuguchi, J., Abe, T., Honda, T., & Mutoh, Y. (2014). Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(2), 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.016)) Common issues include lack of ​​follow-up studies, small numbers of participants, and possible bias from researchers. It’s also difficult to measure outcomes of AAT. A patient could feel happier as a result of environmental factors like traveling somewhere new, for example, or spending time outdoors while horseback riding.

4. Not Everyone Finds Animals Comforting

If you’ve had a traumatic experience with an animal in the past, involving them in therapy during a vulnerable time might be triggering. AAT might be more trouble than it’s worth if you dislike or are allergic to animals.

Could Furry Friends Help Your Recovery?

If you already feel comfortable with animals, animal-assisted therapy could be a great complement to your primary treatment plan. Animals help us relax, connect, and feel better about ourselves—which we can all use more of, especially in trying times.

Explore rehab centers that offer animal-assisted therapy to find out about their program highlights, facilities, accepted insurance, and more.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

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What to Do When Your Loved One Goes to Rehab

When you love someone with addiction or mental health issues, it’s easy to get overwhelmed. You might feel like you’re stuck in a loop, waiting for them to get the help they need. And when it’s hard to keep things stable right now, it’s even harder to plan for the future.

When a loved one decides to go to residential rehab, it might provide some relief, but you might also feel stressed about how to support them through this new stage of recovery. Here are some ways you can care for them, and for yourself, throughout the treatment process.

Help Them Choose a Rehab Program

Choosing a treatment center is a big decision. And after your loved one commits to getting help, it’s important for them to keep up momentum. You can support this process by doing research with them, and helping them consider their options. This might also help you feel better about the journey they’re embarking on.

1. Explore different types of rehabs. With so many types, locations, specializations, and more, there’s a lot to consider. You can start by learning about different kinds of treatment. While there are countless ways to heal, a few approaches are especially popular:

  • 12-Step rehab
  • Non-12-Step alternatives
  • Holistic addiction treatment
  • Evidence-based rehab
  • Destination rehabs
  • Treatment for co-occurring disorders

2. Encourage them to get an expert opinion. You shouldn’t be solely responsible for finding them the perfect program. And a medical professional can recommend types of addiction treatment that will work for their lifestyle, condition, and other needs.

3. Consider important parts of your loved one’s identity.

Educate Yourself on Addiction Recovery

1. Learn about their addiction or mental health issues, so you have a better understanding of what they’ve been going through. This can help you empathize with your loved one, and validate your complex feelings. If they don’t have a diagnosis yet, you may have to wait for an expert opinion before you can learn more.

2. Get a sense of what happens in rehab. If you’re already informed, there are aspects of treatment your loved one won’t have to explain. This can make it easier for them to tell you about their experience.

Help Them Plan Travel Logistics

1. Travel with them, or help them find a sober companion. It can be dangerous to travel to rehab alone. If you can’t accompany them, talk to their rehab center about other options. A lot of programs will help them make travel plans, and even give them a ride from the airport.

2. Help them pack. You can use this packing list as a starting place.

3. Keep an eye out for unhealthy behaviors like self-harm or binging. Remember, you’re not entirely responsible for keeping them safe. If you have questions or concerns, you can always reach out to their treatment center or primary care physician to get help.

Offer Ground Support, Within Reason

While in rehab, their primary focus will be on recovery. So they’ll need help with things like childcare, paying bills, and other responsibilities. It’s not your job to keep everything afloat for them—even if you’re their partner. But if you want to be part of their support network, there are several ways to help. You can either take these tasks on yourself, or help your loved one find someone else to share the load.

1. Help them set up automatic payments for basic utilities, student loans, etc. so they don’t fall behind on their bills while they’re in treatment.

2. Find child or pet care in their area. Caring for someone else’s dependents is a big responsibility. And it doesn’t have to be your job. But, if you can, you might help them find another trustworthy caregiver. This can give them valuable peace of mind. And during rehab, they can stay focused on getting well.

3. Check in on their house, or help them find someone who can.

4. Clean their home before they return. You can also hire a cleaning service.

Take Care of Yourself While They’re in Treatment

Addiction takes a toll on loved ones and families. And it can be stressful to support your loved one through the early stages of recovery. While your focus may be entirely on their well-being, it’s equally important to take care of yourself.

1. See a 1:1 therapist, ideally someone that specializes in addiction. Or even better, find someone who specializes in working with loved ones of a person with addiction.

2. Set boundaries with your loved one. Remember that your needs matter, too. And when you care for yourself, you have more energy to support the people around you. Codependency can be an issue in relationships that involve addiction, so be aware of how it may affect you and your loved one.

3. Join a support group like Al-Anon, Nar-Anon, or Adult Children of Alcoholics.

4. Talk to the rehab about family or couples therapy. Bear in mind that this may not be appropriate until after your loved one settles into rehab. But once they’re ready, family therapy can help you have difficult conversations about their addiction. If your goal is to heal your relationship, this may be the best way to get started.

Your Role in Your Loved One’s Recovery

When someone decides to go to rehab, it affects their loved ones, too.. And you can play an important part in their recovery journey. But, you can only do that when you’re taking care of yourself. It can feel like you’re responsible for their well-being before, during, and after their treatment. But in fact, setting reasonable expectations will make your relationship more sustainable. And—just as importantly—it will support your healing process.

To learn more about your loved one’s options for treatment, visit our searchable list of rehabs to see information about pricing, locations, specializations, and more.

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Alternatives to 12-Step Recovery

12-Step programs are a popular method for addiction recovery. It’s easy to access free meetings, both online and in person. You can even find rehab centers that support your journey through the Steps. And while these programs have clear benefits, they’re not the only way to heal from addiction.

Recovery is a personal process, and principles of 12-Step recovery aren’t right for everyone.

There are as many pathways to healing as there are people in recovery.

If you’re looking for an alternative to Alcoholics Anonymous or other 12-Step fellowships, non-12-Step rehabs and support groups can help.

Non-12-Step Treatment Models

In 12-Step rehabs, providers use the Steps to frame your healing process. You might attend A.A. or N.A. meetings, receive chips to mark sobriety milestones, or talk through each Step with your therapist. But if this approach doesn’t resonate with you, you may feel excluded or disconnected during addiction treatment.1  In that case, these other approaches to recovery may be a better fit.

Evidence-Based Treatments

If scientific studies show that a treatment is effective, it can be called an evidence-based method. And it’s easy to find evidence-based treatment in rehab. But even the most respected methods may or may not be effective for you. Talk to your treatment provider about which types of therapy are the best fit for your personal recovery goals.

The most common evidence-based treatments are medication-assisted treatments (MAT) and behavioral therapies:

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) uses pharmaceuticals to treat addiction and prevent overdose. These prescriptions are usually combined with talk or behavioral therapy. Studies show that MAT can decrease the risk of relapse  and increase treatment retention rates. If you’re curious about MAT, talk to your treatment team about your options. Medications can be helpful for some people, but you should only ever take them as prescribed.

Behavioral therapies teach you skills to manage your thoughts and feelings about addiction. The idea is that by improving your behavior, you can also improve your mental health. There are several popular types of behavioral therapy:

  • In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), patients learn how to identify and interrupt behavioral patterns related to addiction.
  • Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) boosts your motivation to recover 2 and stay sober using motivational interviewing techniques.
  • Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) teaches you specific strategies for coping with life’s challenges. This treatment is formatted like a class and has a focus on mindfulness.

Experiential Therapy in Rehab

In a rehab that offers experiential therapy, patients heal through fun, interesting activities. These treatments let you learn new skills, discover your strengths, and process your emotions in a different environment.

There are many types of experiential therapy:

  • Animal-assisted therapies like equine-assisted therapy to improve your communication skills
  • Nature immersion therapies to reconnect with yourself
  • Adventure therapy to build resilience and self-confidence
  • Fitness activities to release stress
  • Art therapy to express your feelings in a new medium

Because these activities let you heal by doing, they can be a welcome break from talk therapy. And since most of them are group activities, they also help you work on interpersonal skills.

These sessions can be fun and engaging, but they’re no substitute for other treatments. Rehabs typically offer experiential therapies alongside other modalities, like talk or behavioral therapies. This combined approach lets patients get to know themselves from several different angles. And it may give you a more complete picture of your own needs.

Holistic Treatment for Addiction and Mental Health

Holistic rehabs use a variety of treatment methods to address recovery. The goal is for people to heal not just from their addiction, but also from any other mental, physical, and spiritual issues they’re facing.

Many of these centers offer individualized treatment plans for all their patients. They may offer a wide range of holistic therapies:

  • Mindfulness exercises, like meditation and body awareness
  • Recreational therapy
  • Massage
  • Art therapy
  • Mindful movement like dance therapy or Tai Chi
  • Psychiatric care including talk, behavioral, and medication-assisted therapy
  • Nutrition therapy
  • Spiritual or faith-based activities

Experts say that holistic therapies empower patients4 to “develop a stronger sense of self-identity, self-esteem, and self-confidence.”

Non-12-Step Support Groups

Many people are drawn to 12-Step groups because they’re so easy to access. You can attend them in rehab, in your hometown, or even online. But if these support groups don’t meet your needs, there are other ways to build community while you recover.

There are a few reasons the 12 Steps might not be right for you. But commonly, A.A. and similar groups work best for people who find strength in spirituality. If you prefer a more scientific approach, you might consider alternative support groups.

SMART Recovery

SMART Recovery (Self-Management and Recovery Training)5 is a secular approach that encourages self-empowerment to overcome addiction. Meetings are free and led by people who have used SMART in their personal recovery. Members support each other in learning healthier coping skills throughout recovery.

As a social worker in New York explains, SMART Recovery helped them recover6 because they are a “free thinker who is more oriented to understand addiction in logical and behavioral terms rather than spiritual or disease terms.”

Instead of adopting the 12-Step belief that you are powerless over your addiction, SMART Recovery teaches that you are capable of changing your life by consciously working on yourself, alongside peers and professionals.

Secular Organizations for Sobriety

Secular Organizations for Sobriety (S.O.S.) is a “nonprofit network of autonomous, nonprofessional local groups dedicated solely to helping individuals achieve and maintain sobriety.” Their meetings take place both in person and online.

These meetings are open to anybody trying to live a sober lifestyle. They welcome religious and non-religious people to support each other in a secular setting. According to their founder, James Christopher, S.O.S. is inclusive of all pathways to recovery.7 In other words, you can attend S.O.S. meetings as part of a larger recovery plan.

Women for Sobriety

Women for Sobriety (WFS) hosts meetings in the US and Canada for women recovering from addiction. Led by women, WFS provides an inclusive environment for recovery for all women, including members of the LGBTQ+ community.

The meetings are based on 13 emotional and spiritual affirmations, and are facilitated by a person who has achieved 1 year of sobriety within the WFS program. They start with a reading of the affirmations, followed by introductions. Then group members take part in a discussion around the weekly topic.

One member explains that the WFS approach is “wonderful for women8 because it’s such a positive program. It met my needs and built my self-esteem.”

LifeRing Secular Recovery

LifeRing Secular Recovery is an anonymous organization that encourages abstinence through their 3-S philosophy: sobriety, secularity, and self-help.

They require members to remain completely abstinent. And while these groups welcome members of any religious belief, LifeRing supports “recovery methods that rely on human efforts9 rather than on divine intervention.”

Moderation Management

For people who want to change their relationship with alcohol, rather than become completely sober, Moderation Management (MM) is a harm reduction non-profit group that encourages bringing mindfulness to your consumption of alcohol.

MM promotes moderation as a pathway towards a healthier lifestyle. Through small, attainable steps, and peer-led group meetings, they support participants in their journey towards more manageable drinking.

As one member explained,

The support and encouragement of the MM groups has been invaluable to me! Never judgement or blame; always positive reinforcement and motivation.10

While harm reduction can be helpful for some people, it’s not the right approach for everyone. For example, if you have high-functioning alcohol addiction, you might not even realize how much of a toll drinking takes on your life. In that case, harm reduction could just push the problem farther down the line. Instead, finding treatment that helps you get completely sober—12-Step or not—might be a better choice.

Explore Alternative Pathways Towards Recovery

You have a wide array of choices for rehab. And while the 12 Steps are hugely popular, they’re not the only option. You have the right—and even the responsibility—to heal in a way that meets your needs. If 12-Step treatment isn’t right for you, there are countless other ways to start recovery.

Connect with a non-12-Step rehab today to learn about different treatment philosophies, insurance options, locations, and more.

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Dopamine and Addiction: How Your Brain’s Reward System Changes in Addiction and Recovery

Addiction changes how the brain functions. It especially impacts the brain’s “reward system,” which is largely based on dopamine. This hormone is responsible for our pleasure response, along with other important functions like memory, attention, and mood.

Understanding addiction is an important part of recovery. Knowing there’s a physiological reason for your addiction can relieve some of the shame around it, so you can move forward in your healing journey. And gaining perspective on what’s driving your behavior can help you make lasting change.

A Peek Inside the Brain’s Reward System

We can experience pleasure from all kinds of activities, whether it’s exercise or scrolling social media. Our brain’s reward system is responsible for that feeling, and the desire to seek more of it.

How It Works

Your brain produces a chemical called dopamine. Dopamine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter, meaning it’s used to send messages between your nerve cells. It’s tied to many functions, from mood regulation and memory to learning. It’s known as the “feel-good” chemical for the large role it plays in pleasure and motivation.

Dopamine is released along different neural pathways1 when we anticipate and experience something pleasurable. As it’s released, it affects dopamine receptors that live along these pathways, resulting in feelings of euphoria or happiness. This is known as the reward circuit.

The reward circuit activates areas of the brain that relate to focus, learning, taking action, and motivation.

The brain builds connections between a stimulus and pleasure2 that follows. Your reward circuit strengthens each time this process occurs. The more frequently it happens, the stronger your response is. Also called a reinforcing effect,3 it’s involved in how we form habits.

Cues leading up to pleasure are important. Dopamine makes us pay attention to markers that lead to a reward. This means dopamine activates before you even engage in a pleasurable activity.

This system helped early humans survive by rewarding beneficial behaviors, like eating. When it’s in balance, it allows us to stay focused, motivated, and happy. Dopamine imbalance is linked to mental health issues, like depression, and substance use disorders.

The Reward System at Different Stages of Addiction Recovery

Substances bypass the body’s natural dopamine production by directly flooding the reward system with it. Some substances, like opioids, stimulants, alcohol, and nicotine, do this more intensely than others.

Stimulants like cocaine can release up to 10 times the amount of dopamine4 your body would naturally produce.

The Early Stages of Substance Use

The first time a substance is used, it creates a direct dopamine response. This intensity of this varies from person to person. According to neurotheology specialist Dr. Cyrus H. McCandless, “you can never accurately predict how much reward you’re going to get.”5

Your brain remembers everything leading up to a reward, so it can repeat the experience. This drives the desire to use more of a substance. As dopamine levels go up, serotonin, which helps us feel satisfied, goes down. This creates a cycle of wanting more while feeling less satiated.

This cycle doesn’t just apply to substance use. Altered dopamine pathways are seen in behavioral addictions,6 including gambling, shopping, and sex.

Building Tolerance

Usually, brain chemistry returns to normal after a dopamine release. But continued substance use surges the brain with dopamine until it becomes overstimulated. Over time, the body wants to balance out, so it shuts down dopamine receptors. As a result, we won’t feel the same high from using the same amount of substances as before. This is how the brain builds tolerance.7

Addiction

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has 4 criteria for classifying and diagnosing substance use disorders:8

  • Impaired control
  • Social impairment
  • Risky use
  • Pharmacologic traits

The reward system plays a significant role in these.

Substances artificially change dopamine production. This can signal to the brain that substances are more important than other natural rewards. Eventually, natural rewards become less exciting and the brain learns to value substances9 above all else.

Neuroplasticity, or the brain’s flexibility,10 also plays a part in addiction. We can get used to higher levels of dopamine following prolonged substance use. But an overstimulated brain no longer produces as much of it. Instead, it relies on substances.

Withdrawal

It’s not possible to keep up substance-induced levels of dopamine at all times. Drops in dopamine levels can contribute to withdrawal symptoms including but not limited to:

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Cold sweats
  • Headaches

For many people, detox is the first step in the recovery journey. As substances leave your system, your body and brain recalibrate. Low dopamine levels during withdrawal can make this process difficult. But thanks to neuroplasticity, we can nurture our brain chemistry back to normal over time.

Note: Depending on the substance, detox can be life-threatening and shouldn’t be attempted alone.

How Long Does It Take for the Reward System to Recover?

Each person has different levels of dopamine and dopamine receptors.11 The time it takes for the reward system to return to normal after prolonged substance use varies. Factors like the type of substance and level of use will impact recovery time. In general, it takes the brain up to 14 months to recover.

brain recovery timeline

30 Days of Abstinence

Brain scans show significant improvement and more dopamine receptors in just one month of abstinence from methamphetamine.12

90 Days of Abstinence

Brain scans in one study showed no significant difference in dopamine receptors following 90 days of abstinence13 compared to 30 days. This indicates that recovery is possible, but it takes time.

14 Months of Abstinence

The brain’s reward circuit, including dopamine receptor levels, returns to nearly normal after 14 months of abstinence.14

Repairing Your Brain in Recovery

The human brain is capable of amazing things, including the ability to modify and change throughout your lifetime. For many, it’s comforting to know that changes to the brain caused by substance use disorder are reversible. Your brain can repair and heal, if you facilitate its healing.

To start your path to a brain-healthy, substance-free life, search for a treatment program that matches your needs and reach out to them directly today.

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RehabPath Announces Series A Funding From HealthX Ventures to Accelerate Growth 

JenOliviaBen SeriesA

Funds will be used to grow the addiction and mental health treatment directory’s coverage and dataset to encompass all U.S. providers. 

Jen Scott, Director of Customer Success, Olivia Mueller, VP of Research and Operations, Ben Camp, CEO & Co-Founder, and Bernie, Advisor in the RehabPath conference room
RehabPath leadership team meeting at our Madison, Wisconsin headquarters.


Madison, WI – The majority of people who need addiction treatment start their search online. But unfortunately, this process is far from straightforward due to the complexity of the decision and dire lack of helpful, independent resources available.

In addition, treatment seekers are vulnerable to the scams and deceptive marketing practices that run rampant in the rehab industry. This leaves high-quality, ethical addiction and mental health providers with scarce options to legitimately reach their target audience online. 

That’s why RehabPath exists. 

We know the first step in the recovery journey is a crucial one. We’re here to empower individuals and families by providing honest information about the treatment process. Our goal is to match people with treatment programs that really fit their needs. And by growing our business, we can increase our capacity to make that urgently needed impact.

We’re proud to announce that HealthX Ventures, a digital health-focused venture capital firm right here in Madison, has provided $3 million in funding to support us in this effort. HealthX Ventures invests in innovative companies that create cost-effective, user-friendly healthcare solutions. RehabPath joins cutting-edge companies like Redox, Medable, CancerIQ and DotCom Therapy as part of the HealthX portfolio. 

Funds from this collaboration are being used to continue to build our comprehensive, nationwide resource of addiction and mental health treatment providers. As we redouble our efforts to increase treatment connections, we’re also building out our team. After 4 years of calling StartingBlock Madison home, our new headquarters on the Capitol Square at the top of State Street will open its doors in October. 

HealthX Managing Partner Mark Bakken has been a great addition to our board. Mark applies his extensive experience in rapid business growth to supporting our leadership and operations, and recognizes mental health as an important growth area.

“RehabPath is fulfilling a real need in the market and doing it in a patient-first, ethical way. HealthX couldn’t be happier to be partnering with RehabPath’s passionate and talented team to help people around the world connect with high-quality mental health and addiction treatment providers.

The fact that this important work is happening just a few blocks away from us is also very exciting to me and a big win for the Madison ecosystem.”

Jeremiah Calvino and Benjamin Camp, RehabPath Co-Founders
RehabPath Co-Founders Jeremiah Calvino and Ben Camp

Since our founding in 2017, RehabPath has grown to a 35-person (and growing) team of compassionate, joyful, diverse, and ethically aligned colleagues who share a passion for increasing access to treatment. 

We’re excited for this major milestone on our journey, and look forward to supporting more people on their path to recovery!

Ben Camp 

CEO & Co-Founder