Category: Blog

Posted on

Finding Treatment for Eating Disorders

Eating disorders (EDs) are a serious mental health issue. And while they’re more common than you might think, it’s important to remember that eating disorders are treatable. People can and do recover from them.

Treatment for eating disorders comes in several forms: some people need, or prefer, to receive around-the-clock care from medical professionals and will opt for a residential rehab program. For those with a strong support network, an outpatient program may be a good fit. Eating disorders are complex, so one type of treatment isn’t necessarily better than the other. Here, we’ll guide you through the basics of eating disorders, along with different treatment options and common therapies:

  • What’s an Eating Disorder?
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Types of Eating Disorders: An Overview
  • Common Causes of Eating Disorders
  • Who Suffers from Eating Disorders?
  • Where to Find Treatment
  • Common Therapies for Eating Disorders

What’s an Eating Disorder?

The American Psychological Association defines eating disorders1 as any “abnormal eating habit that can threaten your health or even your life.” People who suffer from eating disorders may eat less or more than the recommended amount of food to be considered healthy. An estimated 30 million U.S. adults will have experienced some form of eating disorder2 at some point in their lives.

Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that present both behavioral and physical symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms

When you seek professional help for an eating disorder, your healthcare provider must give you a formal diagnosis before mapping out a treatment plan. They’ll look at your feeding and eating disorder symptoms3 as laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). There are several different types of eating disorders defined in DSM-5, and each is distinct from the other. Some symptoms may apply to many of these disorders:

Behavioral Symptoms

  • Excessively preoccupied with thoughts of food and body shape or image, making it difficult to focus on other areas of life
  • Restricting calorie intake or refusing to eat certain foods like carbohydrates
  • Engaging in compulsive eating habits like skipping meals, episodes of out-of-control eating, self-induced vomiting or over-exercising
  • Anxious about eating around others
  • Withdrawing from social contact and your usual hobbies
  • Irritability or mood swings
  • Hiding eating behaviors

Physical Symptoms:

  • Noticeable weight fluctuations
  • Dizziness or feeling lightheaded, commonly exacerbated by movement
  • Digestive issues such as constipation, stomach cramps, bloating, and more
  • Females may experience irregular periods or periods may stop completely
  • Dental issues including cavities, sensitive teeth, and enamel erosion
  • Muscle weakness

Types of Eating Disorders: An Overview

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) lists several different types of eating disorders:

  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Binge eating disorder
  • Avoidant/restrictive intake disorder
  • Pica
  • Rumination disorder
  • Other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) including:
    1. Muscle dysmorphia
    2. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) proposed criteria

People most commonly seek treatment for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

Anorexia Nervosa

If you suffer from anorexia nervosa, you may experience intense feelings of self-consciousness and body image distortion, causing you to withhold food from yourself. People with anorexia often engage in extreme eating habits to lose weight. If you notice signs of anorexia, don’t take it lightly. Anorexia is one of the most fatal mental health issues4 in the U.S., with an estimated mortality rate of 10%.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by episodes of binge-eating followed by attempts to “purge” the food over the fear of gaining weight. People may attempt to “purge” through vomiting, laxatives, or over-exercising, all of which are harmful to the body.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Those with a binge-eating disorder experience recurring, vicious cycles of uncontrollable overeating. People often cite a loss of control during binge-eating episodes5. While everyone’s trigger for binge eating is different, it’s usually associated with high stress.

Common Causes of Eating Disorders

The exact cause of eating disorders is still inconclusive. However, there are several speculated risk factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders6.

Biological Factors
A significant number of medical studies suggest an association between genetics and eating disorders. A 2004 report detailing the genetics of eating disorders published in Psychiatry (Egmond) found “greater than 50% of the variance in liability to eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors can be accounted for by additive genetic effects.”7 More recently in 2013, the Annals of Neurosciences reported an “undeniable link between genetic factors and eating disorders.”8

Environmental Factors
A unique combination of environmental factors can contribute to body dissatisfaction. These might include societal pressure and other environmental influences like bullying in school, criticism from family members, and the idolization of certain body types. Teens and young adults are especially impressionable: body dissatisfaction among American teens9 reached new highs in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Trauma
The flood of emotions that follow a traumatic event can trigger an eating disorder, and it’s rather common for eating disorder patients to cite traumatic experiences. According to a study published in Eating Disorders The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, researchers found that “the prevalence of traumatic events in ED patients10 has ranged from 37% to 100%.”

Co-occurring Disorders
Eating disorders are a mental health issue that commonly co-occurs with other mental disorders. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders reports that between 33% up to 50% of individuals with anorexia have co-occurring mood disorders11, like anxiety and depression.

Who Suffers from Eating Disorders?

Eating disorders can affect anyone regardless of gender, ethnicity, and age.

The American Psychological Association estimates that in the U.S., 20 million women and 10 million men will experience some form of eating disorder1 in their lives. While women are more likely to receive a diagnosis than men, the number of men who suffer from an eating disorder may be under-reported12. That may be because men aren’t as likely to seek treatment.

Eating disorders are more common among teenagers and young adult populations. According to the National Institute of Mental Health13, people normally start developing bulimia and anorexia at the age of 18, and 21 for binge eating. But eating disorders can still affect the elderly. Unfortunately, this is sometimes overlooked. A 2012 study published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders found that 13% of women in the U.S. aged 50 and older have eating disorder symptoms14.

Where to Find Treatment

If you think you or a loved one has an eating disorder, the earlier you find help the better. Untreated eating disorders can have serious and harmful effects on the body. In severe cases, eating disorders can be fatal. For example, the mortality rate for people who suffer from anorexia is 18 times higher15 than for individuals who don’t have eating disorders.

Many people start their recovery journey by talking to their primary care physician. They’ll begin by checking your medical history and vital signs to ensure you don’t need more serious care, like medication or hospitalization. If your case doesn’t require hospitalization, your physician may be able to point you towards local resources for treating eating disorders, like a dietician, therapist, or outpatient program.

There are several levels of care for treating eating disorders. Each varies in intensity and is delivered in different settings.

Inpatient Programs (Residential Rehab)

In an inpatient program, you receive 24/7 clinical care on-site at a treatment center. This is the most intensive level of care and is usually recommended if patients exhibit worrying medical signs:

      • laboratory findings that are abnormal or indicate critical health risks
      • unstable vital signs including cardiac disturbances, hypothermia, hypotension, and more
      • coexisting medical conditions that may result in further complications

You don’t need to have severe medical issues to enroll in an inpatient program. For some people, a change of scenery and stepping away from potential triggers is exactly what they need to successfully work towards long-term recovery.

Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP)

A PHP, also referred to as a “day hospital,” is less intensive than an inpatient program but more intensive than an IOP. In a PHP, you receive treatment at a clinic for around 3 to 5 days each week, 4 to 8 hours a day. You’ll go home each day after treatment.

Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP)

While outpatient programs still follow an intensive therapeutic schedule, you can go home each day after treatment rather than receive 24-hour medical monitoring. You can expect to go in for treatment 3 to 5 hours a day, around 2 to 3 days each week.

This option can work for people who have their symptoms under control enough to complete daily tasks. It’s also usually more cost-effective than inpatient programs. IOPs may be a good fit for people who have a strong support network at home.

Support Groups

Eating disorder support groups offer a network of peers who share similar experiences to yours and some provide educational information that could aid your recovery. There are two main types of support groups: self-help support groups and professionally operated support groups.

Self-help groups, also called “fellowships” or “peer support groups,” are organized by members of the group itself. The sense of comradery this creates can be important for many people in their recovery journey.

Professionally operated support groups are facilitated by professionals like a licensed therapist or a social worker. On top of offering a strong support network of peers, group discussions are led by staff with professional experience in the field of eating disorder treatment. These groups are often operated by hospitals, clinics, or treatment centers and may require a fee to attend.

Searching for Treatment Online

Most people turn to the internet to find eating disorder treatment programs. For the most part, quality treatment centers have their patients’ best interests at heart and help many find recovery each year. But some centers engage in ethically questionable practices. It’s important to be wary of these exploitative practices to protect yourself from rehab scams, which unfortunately do exist.

You can take extra precautionary steps to protect yourself from potential illegitimate rehabs when searching for eating disorder treatment online:

      • Be wary of free helplines. Some websites may present information that appears unbiased, but require you to call a hotline. In some cases, these hotlines connect you with an agent who receives a referral fee for placing someone in a specific treatment center or program.
      • Get your questions answered. During your call with any treatment provider, make sure their admissions team can answer specific questions you may have about their center and program. Be cautious if their answers seem vague, or they can’t specify details about their program.
      • Ask about referral fees. If your primary care provider recommends a treatment facility, you can be upfront with them and politely ask if they received any compensation for making the recommendation.

Common Therapies for Eating Disorders

Since each individual’s experience with eating disorders is unique, there’s no universal approach to healing. Treatment usually involves steps to get back to a healthy weight and normalize bodily functioning, as well as psychotherapy to address the mental issues that eating disorders can stem from.

Nutritional Counseling

Dietitians or nutritionists who specialize in eating disorders work to understand the nutritional needs and challenges of their patients. From there, they’ll design a plan to help them safely meet those needs. One of their goals is to restore weight to a healthy level. According to The American Dietetic Association, “Medical Nutrition Therapy provided by a registered dietitian trained in the area of eating disorders16 plays a significant role in the treatment and management of eating disorders.”

Psychotherapy

There are several different kinds of psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy”) used to treat eating disorders. Some common ones include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family therapy.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT teaches you how to change your thought process and beliefs using methodical, repeatable strategies. You can learn to spot when your thoughts around weight and appearance are distorted from reality and attempt to change them. Studies show that the ability to separate the sense of self from an eating disorder17 like anorexia is crucial to recover from it. The effectiveness of CBT is widely noted in the medical community. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America reports, “CBT is the treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa18 and there is evidence that it is as effective with cases of “eating disorder not otherwise specified” (eating disorder NOS), the most common eating disorder diagnosis.”

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
DBT is designed to help you develop practical skills that lead to healthier eating choices. This approach focuses on behavior changes and taking action to bolster your mental health. The skills you learn in DBT include emotional regulation, mindfulness, how to build stronger interpersonal relationships, and distress tolerance. You’re taught to accept your emotions mindfully, and that you are not your emotions. Volatile emotions can exacerbate eating disorder issues, and this type of therapy can help people learn how to regulate them.

Family-Based Therapy (FBT)
Eating disorders can impact the entire family system. FBT opens the door to more effective communication between patients and their family members. It teaches family members that while they may not be responsible for someone’s eating disorder, they can be an important figure in the therapeutic process. It also allows patients to recover with a support system, which can lead to more effective outcomes from therapy. A study conducted by the Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, and the University of Chicago found that family-based therapy for anorexia is more effective than individual therapy.19

Recovery from Eating Disorders

Struggling, or watching a loved one struggle, with an eating disorder can be anguishing. But it’s important to keep in mind that eating disorders are treatable. With a treatment program fitted to your needs, it’s possible to see significant improvements, and the numbers are promising. A study published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders found that 3 in 4 patients with anorexia nervosa will see levels of improvement following treatment20.

If you’ve determined the need to seek eating disorder treatment, the positive news is there’s a wide variety of plans and programs to choose from. View our directory of rehabs for eating disorders to compare different treatment providers with information like program overviews, pricing, reviews and more.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

Posted on

Holistic Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

Holistic treatment, sometimes called alternative treatment, uses a variety of techniques to approach healing. This philosophy considers each client as a whole person, with a deep intrinsic connection between their mind, body, and spirit. More and more rehab programs are implementing holistic therapy to treat substance use disorders.

For the most part, these techniques are not based in Western medicine. The term “holistic therapy” usually refers to Eastern modalities, such as Reiki, yoga, and similar practices. However, there are some exceptions, like certain types of massage therapy. And it can be most effective to combine holistic work with more clinical techniques.

A growing body of research supports the idea that holistic medicine can have a powerful impact on healing. According to the American Medical Association (AMA), “recent changes in medical education have begun to address the need for holistic medical care.” ((Mantri, S. (2008). Holistic medicine and the western medical tradition. AMA Journal of Ethics, 10(3), 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2008.10.3.mhst1-0803)) These practices can be extremely helpful for clients who are healing from conditions that affect both physical and mental health, such as substance use disorders.

Defining Holistic Treatment

Holistic treatment isn’t just one type of therapy. Instead, this term refers to an overarching philosophy of care. Depending on your specific rehab program, you may participate in any number of different therapeutic techniques.

This perspective is multifaceted, and aims to address many aspects of health at the same time. Specifically, “it addresses the psychological, familial, societal, ethical and spiritual as well as biological dimensions of health and illness. The holistic approach ((Gordon, J. S. (1982). Holistic medicine: Advances and shortcomings. Western Journal of Medicine, 136(6), 546–551. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1273970/)) emphasizes the uniqueness of each patient, the mutuality of the doctor-patient relationship, each person’s responsibility for his or her own health care and society’s responsibility for the promotion of health.”

One key difference between most holistic programs and most Western programs is the emphasis on spirituality. For example, some alternative therapies include energy work, such as reiki, or transcendental meditation. However, the gap between Eastern and Western philosophies is beginning to close. Some clinical therapies even have strong foundations in spiritual practices. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), for example, was inspired by Zen Buddhism.

Data suggests that certain meditative and spiritual practices may have a measurable impact on mental health. The concept of the mind-body connection, in particular, may be extremely important for healing from substance misuse. Experts are calling for more research in this area, and claiming that “brain–body information streams would seem to be necessary elements of a comprehensive model of addiction.” ((Eddie, D., Bates, M. E., & Buckman, J. F. (2022). Closing the brain–heart loop: Towards more holistic models of addiction and addiction recovery. Addiction Biology, 27(1), e12958. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12958))

Holistic Therapy for Substance Use

While holistic therapy can refer to a variety of modalities, certain treatments are commonly used in rehab programs. Many of these practices are ancient, with centuries of anecdotal evidence. Nevertheless, more data is needed, as this is a relatively new subject of scientific inquiry. As research continues, many of them are being tailored to meet the unique needs of clients with substance use disorders.

Yoga

Yoga is both a physical and spiritual practice, in which clients move, stretch, breathe, and meditate. It has many well-documented benefits for physical health and can be helpful for those with or without any diagnosis. Specifically, it’s known to relieve muscle pain, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve sleep and balance, and help with weight loss.

Evidence also suggests that yoga can help manage the symptoms of substance use disorders. ((Kuppili, P. P., Parmar, A., Gupta, A., & Balhara, Y. P. S. (2018). Role of yoga in management of substance-use disorders: A narrative review. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 9(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_243_17)) Specifically, research has found that it helps with nicotine withdrawal. It has also been “found to be a feasible and well accepted adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence.” ((Hallgren, M., Romberg, K., Bakshi, A.-S., & Andréasson, S. (2014). Yoga as an adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence: A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(3), 441–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2014.03.003))

Meditation

Meditation is an umbrella term that can refer to a number of practices, but most often includes being still and focusing on one’s own internal experience. Practitioners may sit in silence, clear their minds, listen to guided narratives, perform visualizations, or simply count backward from a high number. Body scans are another popular meditative practice. During this meditation, you gently bring your attention to each area of your body in turn, usually starting with either the head or the feet, and simply notice how it feels in the moment. Mindful breathing is often a big part of meditation. According to Dr. Hari Sharma of the Center for Integrative Medicine at Ohio State University, “An ever-increasing body of research shows various health benefits associated with meditation.”

Specifically, meditation may ease the symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve sleep habits, and even reduce blood pressure. There’s also evidence that it might reduce blood pressure and alleviate gastric symptoms, helping clients with irritable bowel syndrome or ulcerative colitis.

Meditation can also help clients with substance use disorders to “gain self-efficacy skills.” This refers to a person’s belief in their own ability to achieve goals. “Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one’s own motivation, behavior, and social environment.” And as you heal from substance misuse, this growing sense of confidence can be extremely important.
Mindfulness
During recovery, mindfulness can help you resist triggers. This collection of strategies teaches clients to stay present in the moment, accepting difficult feelings without acting impulsively. Research has shown these techniques to be “successful for reducing dependence, craving, and other addiction-related symptoms ((Sancho, M., De Gracia, M., Rodríguez, R. C., Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Sánchez-González, J., Trujols, J., Sánchez, I., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Menchón, J. M. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of substance and behavioral addictions: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 95. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00095)) by also improving mood state and emotion dysregulation.”

Mindfulness can also help with overall brain function, ((Alizadehgoradel, J., Imani, S., Nejati, V., & Fathabadi, J. (2019). Mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (Mbsat) improves executive functions in adolescents with substance use disorders. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, 34, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.002)) which may help clients build healthier, more sustainable habits over time. Specifically, these interventions improve executive function. These skills “are the mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully.” Executive function ((Executive function & self-regulation. (n.d.). Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Retrieved February 24, 2022, from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/)) is especially important for those who want to improve memory, self-control, and mental flexibility. It can also help you stay present in your body during difficult moments.

Massage

There are countless types of massage therapy, including Swedish massage, deep tissue, Thai massage, and Shiatsu. While one or more of these modalities may be best for your physical needs, all of them have similar neurological benefits.

Massage therapy increases dopamine and serotonin, the neurotransmitters that help you experience happiness and a sense of achievement. It also decreases cortisol, sometimes called “the stress hormone.” Because of these effects, it is particularly helpful to clients in recovery. Massage can be especially helpful in the early stages of withdrawal, ((Massage and addiction | massage therapy journal. (n.d.). American Massage Therapy Association. Retrieved February 24, 2022, from https://www.amtamassage.org/publications/massage-therapy-journal/massage-and-addiction/)) when patients exhibit low levels of dopamine.

This modality can also alleviate physical pain, and can even improve body awareness. This may help clients practice mindfulness, reconnecting with their own bodies even while they experience uncomfortable symptoms. By focusing on acceptance, it may be easier to navigate certain triggers.

Massage can continue to be helpful throughout the recovery process, ((Adcock, C. L. (1988). Massage therapy in alcohol/drug treatment. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 4(3), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020V04N03_07)) even after withdrawal symptoms end. Its benefits include “quicker detoxification, deeper relaxation, and greater self-acceptance.”

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an ancient form of medicine, in which an acupuncturist inserts needles into specific areas on the client’s body, with the intention of channeling and rebalancing their energy. Some experts believe acupuncture may help clients detox from substance misuse. ((Shwartz, M., Saitz, R., Mulvey, K., & Brannigan, P. (1999). The value of acupuncture detoxification programs in a substance abuse treatment system. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(99)00010-0))

Preliminary data suggests that this type of therapy is especially helpful for those in recovery from opiate misuse. ((Lin, J.-G., Chan, Y.-Y., & Chen, Y.-H. (2012). Acupuncture for the treatment of opiate addiction. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, 2012, 739045. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/739045)) However, questions have been raised about the methodology of these studies. While more research is needed, many clients find this modality to be helpful.

The Pros and Cons of Holistic Healing

Holistic medicine may help you reintegrate your sense of self. Because substance misuse impacts both the body and mind, these modalities may remind clients what it means to feel whole. By simultaneously improving your physical and mental health, you can also hone the skills that will help you live a healthier life, even after inpatient treatment.

As one expert describes it, holistic wellness ((Torres-González, F., Ibanez-Casas, I., Saldivia, S., Ballester, D., Grandón-Fernández, P., Moreno-Küstner, B., Xavier, M., & Gómez-Beneyto, M. (2014). Unmet needs in the management of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 97. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S41063)) “is a conscious, deliberate process whereby a person makes choices for a self-defined lifestyle that is both healthier and more satisfying.” This puts you back in control of your own life. Remember that you have both the right and the ability to make healthy choices. If you engage in holistic therapy during rehab, you may be better equipped to live sustainably in the long term.

Some of these treatments, like massage therapy, can also feel like a profound relief. After the stress and trauma of life immediately before rehab, there’s a great benefit to simply experiencing physical comfort. And this type of healthy, sustainable pleasure is also an important part of recovery.

However, it’s important to note that these holistic methods aren’t appropriate for everyone. Many clients need medical treatment in addition to—or instead of—these therapies. This is especially true for clients with certain physical conditions, including chemical dependence on illicit substances.

If you do want to pursue holistic healing, make sure to speak with a medical professional about any potential risks, given your unique health history. For example, a person who has experienced trauma within a religious community might not be a candidate for spiritual practices, like certain kinds of yoga or meditation. You may still be able to benefit from other holistic modalities, but it’s important to proceed carefully and with intention.

Learning to Be Whole

The road to recovery looks different for each person. Even if holistic healing is a good fit, you may find that certain modalities work better for you than others. Remember that the goal of this therapy is to treat each client as a whole and complete person, worthy of great respect, with unique needs and goals.

With that in mind, your needs might or might not be met by these methods. But by listening to yourself, and staying as mindful as you safely can, you’ll be able to choose the best possible path forward.

If you’d like to learn more about holistic therapy for substance use disorders, you can browse our list of holistic rehabs here.

Posted on

Personalized Rehab Programs in South Africa

Recovery from substance misuse is an extremely personal process. Healing isn’t just a way of stopping unhealthy behaviors. It’s also the process of building a rich, fulfilling life in a more sustainable way. Because of this, many facilities aim to meet the unique needs of each of their clients. If you’d like to receive highly personalized treatment, you might consider attending a destination rehab in South Africa.

This country is a popular destination for many reasons. It not only has great historical and archeological significance; it’s also a beautiful place to explore. The diverse climate is home to 8 different biomes, including forests, deserts, and savanna. Clients who want to begin healing in a beautiful and natural setting are often drawn to South Africa.

Exploring South Africa

South Africa is located on the southern tip of Africa, bordering Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. It entirely surrounds the country of Lesotho. Because of its position on the continent, South Africa has nearly 2,000 miles of coastline.

The country is also home to eight world heritage sites, including the Cradle of Humankind,1 which is “one of the world’s most important fossil sites.” In fact, South Africa “boasts 40% of all hominid [fossil] finds on Earth.” The awe-inspiring history, temperate climate, and rich culture make this area a powerful place to begin healing.

Recovering From Substance Misuse in Nature

Connecting with nature can be great for people in recovery.2 Outdoor adventures can improve patients’ mental health, increasing “self-efficacy, mindfulness and subjective well-being.”

This is especially important for clients with substance use disorders. According to a 2018 study, more time spent in natural environments “may be associated with lower cravings”3 for illicit or dangerous substances. And because of South Africa’s rich and diverse landscape, it’s easy for clients to reap the benefits associated with exploring the natural world.

However, inpatient treatment in an isolated, rural location isn’t a good fit for everyone. In South Africa, you can attend rehab in a more populous area while still spending time outside.

Cape Town

Cape Town is one of South Africa’s more famous cities. “Although it is a major political and economic center, its reputation still rests on its beautiful situation between mountain and sea, its cosmopolitan population, and the liberal outlook of many of its citizens.”4 It’s nestled between Table Mountain and Table Bay, in the country’s Western Cape province.

Although Cape Town is a major city, residents can easily visit the surrounding area. At The Living House, for example,

“The majestic visage of Cape Town’s famous Table Mountain looms overhead, its beauty an excellent way to ground oneself during even the most troubling of times on the road to recovery. All life’s problems can be dwarfed by such awe-inspiring nature.”5

The Living House garden view
Views of Cape Town’s beautiful Table Mountain from The Living House’s lush gardens

Cape Town has a temperate, Mediterranean climate. “The average high temperature is 70° F (21° C), in January and February, and the average low is 55° F (13° C), in July.”6 This beautiful weather makes it easy to enjoy time outside. For some clients, this may include going on off-site adventures during rehab.

Safari

Whether your rehab facility is located in Cape Town, another South African city, or a more rural area, you may have the opportunity to go on a safari. On these excursions, clients can see some of the world’s most stunning creatures up close.

Don’t think of this as a break from therapy; think of it as an opportunity to connect with the natural world in a brand-new way, says Giles Fourie, Director and Co-Owner of White River Manor:

“To have a safari as a part of your therapy process is very special. The company we use and the people who take our clients out really understand it from a therapeutic perspective. It’s not just about going to sit in a vehicle and view animals, it’s about really understanding our experience in nature and how we’re all a part of this world we live in. It’s also about, you know, the importance of preserving what we have and the heritage of South Africa, which is completely unique.”

Africa safari White River Manor
Rehabs in South Africa, like White River Manor, immerse their clients in the beauty of their country through guided safari tours and other excursions.

A number of South African rehabs invite clients to go on safari, including White River Manor and Harmony Clinic Rehab Hospital. And in programs, these excursions are the primary focus of treatment. At Rebirth Wellness Safari, for example, clients experience “daily safaris, boat excursions and even tracking with the San people.” This is a place for you to “truly break free and rediscover the roots of your human experience.”

As exciting and inspiring as safari can be, they’re not the right fit for everyone. Fortunately, South African rehabs offer many different types of excursions and adventure outings.

Seaside Activities

Data suggests that proximity to the coast can improve health and well-being.7 Because of this, spending time at the beach during recovery can be deeply healing. The team at Compass Treatment Centre understands this and offers seaside therapy as part of their inpatient program.

In various programs, you may be able to go surfing, kite surfing, kayaking, or bungee jumping along the South African coast. These outings are not appropriate for all clients, and your eligibility for certain activities will depend on your physical health. Some programs, like Oasis Recovery Centre, also offer less physically strenuous seaside experiences, like whale watching.

Hiking

There are countless ways to observe the beauty of the landscape. Many programs take their clients on nature hikes, and offer varying levels of physical difficulty. In South Africa, it’s easy to access lush natural areas and observe creatures you might not encounter anywhere else in the world. You might be able to interact with elephants, monkeys, wildcats, and more.

oasis recovery centre ziplining
Zip-lining is one of the experiential therapies offered at Oasis Recovery Centre in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa.

These outings can certainly be fun, but they also serve a greater purpose. You’ll be guided through these excursions by a team of experts, likely including at least one therapist. And if you encounter triggers, or have a strong emotional reaction, a provider will be on hand to help you process that response. Experiential therapy can help you understand not only the world around you, but also the important role you play within it. This is an extremely personal process, and it looks different for every individual client.

Individualized Therapy in South Africa Rehabs

Bespoke rehab programs can be highly effective for some clients. This type of individualized care ensures that you’ll get exactly the type of treatment that works best for you. You may be able to choose between therapeutic modalities, recreational activities, and other options. In some facilities, clients even decide whether they’d like to stay in touch with friends and family during rehab.

This high level of personalization isn’t right for everyone. Some clients benefit from more structure, or from participating in the same programming as others in their cohort. But for those who want an extremely specific and unique experience of recovery, South Africa might be the right place to attend rehab.

Jeanine Fourie, Therapeutic Director and Co-Owner of White River Manor, prides herself on offering a bespoke treatment program for each client:

“It’s important for us to individualize each person’s treatment, from who the assigned therapist is to what treatments they would like. We have quite a few clients not wanting to attend groups, or wanting to see this as more of a wellness program. We’re happy to individualize their treatment program. I make sure that each client is paired with a fitting team.”

How Long Are South African Rehab Programs?

This personalization can impact every aspect of treatment, including length of stay. For example, at The Foundation Clinic, inpatient treatment lasts at least 21 days, but clients may stay on-site for up to 12 months. Your length of stay will be determined by your unique needs at various stages of treatment.

At other facilities, like Compass Treatment Centre, clients typically stay from 3 to 6 months or more. During this time, clients not only engage in clinical therapy and adventure outings; they also learn valuable life skills. You’ll be encouraged to practice healthy habits, and “take an active part in their recovery process.” Over time, residents develop a sense of responsibility for their own health, making it easier to transition out of rehab at the appropriate time.

Rustenburg Addiction Care
The therapeutic surroundings at Rustenburg Addiction Care in Western Cape, South Africa

According to the team at Rustenburg Addiction Care, a life skill is “any skill which enables an individual to interact meaningfully and successfully within their environment.” Under this broad definition, you may learn to eat healthily, maintain a daily schedule, regulate your emotions, and more. Your team of providers will help you decide which exact skills to focus on. By developing these important tools, you can approach the future in a practical, sustainable way.

Planning Your Trip

South Africa has 6 international airports. No matter where you’re coming from, you should be able to make travel arrangements that get you close to your desired destination. Most rehabs will also help you arrange transport from the airport to the residential facility. It’s very important to communicate with your admissions team while you plan your trip, so the local staff can provide you with any necessary updates about travel restrictions and regulations.

If planning around these logistics feels like too great a barrier, South Africa may not be the right place for you to start your healing journey. In that case, you can work with a local team of providers to make a care plan for the interim, or find more accessible options.

Journey Toward Recovery in South Africa

For some clients, the act of choosing a rehab center is the first step in recovery. During this process, you can start considering what your own, most deeply held values are. These values will inform what you need from a residential program.

And whatever your values are, remember that you have the right to live a life that honors them. You have the right to heal and grow. If you’d like to start that process while connecting with the natural world, and receiving highly personalized care, a South African rehab might be a good place to start.

To learn more about programs in the area including treatment specializations, amenities, reviews, and more, browse our list of rehabs in South Africa.

Frequently Asked Questions About South Africa Luxury Rehabs

What are the benefits of attending a luxury rehab program in South Africa?

South Africa rehabs offer several benefits, including personalized treatment, beautiful natural surroundings, and diverse recreational activities. Clients can experience highly individualized care, explore the country’s stunning landscapes, and engage in activities like safaris and hiking. South Africa provides a unique and enriching environment for healing and recovery.

How long do South African rehab programs typically last?

The length of South African rehab programs can vary depending on individual needs. Some programs, such as The Foundation Clinic, offer inpatient treatment for a minimum of 21 days but allow stays of up to 12 months. Other facilities, like Compass Treatment Centre, usually have a stay duration of 3 to 6 months or more. The length of stay is determined by the client’s specific requirements and progress throughout the treatment process.

How do I plan my trip to a rehab center in South Africa?

South Africa has multiple international airports, and most luxury rehabs can assist with transport arrangements from the airport to the facility. If you’re in active addiction, it can also help to have a sober companion accompany you on your travels. Working closely with the admissions team will ensure a smooth transition to your chosen rehab center.

Posted on

Rehab for Executives: Frequently Asked Questions

It’s common for CEOs to be portrayed as energetic, in control, and collected. But executives and people in high-level positions face demanding challenges and workplace-related stress that can take a toll on their mental health. With so much going on, you may not notice signs of addiction or addictive behavior until it negatively impacts your career or life at home.

People in high-level positions may have specific queries about going to rehab, like laptop use during treatment or privacy concerns. We’re here to answer those questions and more about attending rehab as an executive.

Understanding Addiction Among Executives

Is Addiction Common Among Executives?

Factors leading to the development of alcohol or substance use disorders are never cut and dry. However, several combining elements may make high achievers more susceptible to addiction.

As people become increasingly open about mental health issues,1 more CEOs who’ve faced addiction2 are sharing their stories. And as it turns out, hundreds of CEOs, high-level professionals, celebrities, athletes, and artists share the same struggle.

Neurological factors, trauma, and stress are some of the reasons why high achievers may turn to substance use.

Neurological factors: Addiction researcher and neuroscience professor David Linden, Ph.D. explains in his book The Compass of Pleasure: How Our Brains Make Fatty Foods, Orgasm, Exercise, Marijuana, Generosity, Vodka, Learning, and Gambling Feel So Good that the same mechanisms (dopamine receptors) encouraging us to achieve our goals can also push us towards substance use.

Trauma and anxiety: Outlined in Ending Addiction for Good authored by addiction researchers Richard Taite and Constance Scharff, Ph.D., high achievers who turn to substance abuse have likely experienced early life trauma that shapes the way they behave. This trauma can fuel their drive to succeed, but they may also turn to substances as a coping mechanism.

Stress: As an executive, you’re probably already aware of the daily stress you face. Entire teams of people rely on you, there’s pressure to maintain a certain public image and to keep performing at high levels. This leads to overwhelm and oftentimes, burnout. It’s common for executives to develop unhealthy habits, like substance or alcohol misuse,3 to cope with their stress.

What Are the Characteristics of Addictive Behavior?

First, it’s important to note that by “characteristics,” we mean characteristic behaviors associated with alcohol or substance abuse, not personality traits. The common notion of the “addictive personality” is a myth.4 The Global Journal of Addiction & Rehabilitation Medicine reports that: “Research finds no universal character traits that are common to all addicted people.”

The same study notes that some practitioners consider specific personality traits as potential warning signs that someone could develop an addiction, but that’s all they are: signals. They don’t guarantee that an individual will become addicted. According to David Linden, PhD, a neuroscience professor at Johns Hopkins’ School of Medicine, some of these predictors of addiction include the drive for success,5 obsession and risk-taking—all common among high-achievers.

While you may or may not exhibit those personality traits, certain telltale behaviors indicate alcohol or substance abuse:

  • Engaging in risky behavior while under the influence
  • Continuing to use substances despite their negative consequences
  • Stashing or hiding your substance use from others
  • Persistent cravings and spending a lot of time thinking about using substances
  • Consuming more substances than before to feel the same effects
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you try to quit

Modern research shows that addiction falls on a sliding spectrum,6 challenging previous notions that addiction is “all or nothing.” According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), people who exhibit 2 to 3 of the behaviors above are considered to have a “mild” substance use disorder, while those who exhibit up to 6 or more symptoms have a “severe” substance use disorder.

How Do I Know if I Need Rehab?

There’s a stigma around what people facing addiction look like, or what their lives are like. If your life appears to others to be going well, you might not realize that you have a substance use problem. You may even deny it because you don’t “fit that stereotype.” But prolonged substance abuse can have permanent, detrimental effects on the mind and body, which is why it’s better to seek treatment sooner rather than later.

You might want to consider looking into addiction treatment if you notice these common signs of alcohol or substance abuse, as outlined in the DSM-5:

  • A strong urge to use substances
  • Persistent unsuccessful attempts at cutting down or controlling your substance use
  • Taking substances in larger quantities or for longer than you intended to
  • Continuing to use substances even if it negatively impacts your work or relationships
  • Spending a lot of time trying to get substances, use, or recover from the effects of substance use
  • Continued substance use, even if it negatively impacts your life

How Long Do I Need to Go to Rehab For?

This depends on your substance use background, including the severity, length, and type of substance used. While the length of different residential rehab programs varies, they’re generally 30, 60, or 90 days long. Some programs may run even longer and last up to 180 days.

You can find out your recommended length of stay when you call a rehab center. Usually, an admissions specialist will take you through a series of questions called an “initial assessment” to determine what length of stay is appropriate for you. While some people need to be in rehab for shorter periods than others, a significant amount of research shows that longer residential rehab stays correlate to better outcomes.7

Can You Go to Rehab for Anxiety?

Yes, you can. Many residential rehabs treat anxiety and other mental health issues, even if they don’t co-occur with a substance use disorder.

If you’re an executive who suffers from anxiety, you’re not alone. According to the Anxiety & Depression Society of America, anxiety is the most common mental illness in the United States,8 affecting over 40 million adults each year. However, job-related stress can be more detrimental to the health of CEOs and high-level decision-makers. A study released by the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research found that CEOs of large companies are prone to higher mortality rates9 and age visibly faster due to work-related stress. If you find yourself struggling with anxiety, several different anxiety treatment options are available, including virtual therapy, outpatient programs, and inpatient care.

Can I Still Run a Business With an Addiction?

In short, not for long and not without negative effects on your physical and mental health, and potentially your relationships.

High achievers are under major pressure to perform. If you feel the need to work more and to carry on a certain image, even in the face of troubling mental health or addiction issues, others share your struggle. A Harvard-reviewed study revealed that up to 60% of people struggling with mental health issues have never spoken up about it at work.10

What’s more, many people who suffer from substance use disorder but are high-functioning might avoid seeking help because they can still perform at work, to a certain degree. You may convince yourself that you’re doing fine because your life isn’t in shambles.

However, experts claim that signs of substance abuse in the workplace are just the tip of the iceberg.

According to an article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Chair of the Physician Health Program Committee at Saskatchewan Medical Association Dr. Petter Butt argues that the myth of the high-functioning addict11 should be debunked. “It means we’re purely looking at function through the window of their workplace … [addiction] takes a terrible toll on people’s families and on children in particular,” he states. Over time, one’s work will also begin to suffer.

Butt adds, “It’s possible to treat the ‘functioning addict’ before the facade crumbles.”

What are the Signs of High-Functioning Alcoholism?

High-level executives face a lot of pressure to appear collected and together. However, life may look very different behind closed doors. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) revealed that people in management have some of the highest rates of alcohol use12 compared to other professions.

You may not realize the implications of your drinking because you’re high-functioning, you don’t fit the stereotype of an “alcoholic,” or haven’t “hit rock bottom” yet. This makes it difficult for many people to spot the signs of high-functioning alcoholism. Sometimes, it takes an event like an accident or a health scare before you realize that your drinking has become a problem.

If you’re concerned about your drinking, here are some telling signs of alcohol use disorder as listed in the DSM-5:

  • The inability to stop drinking
  • Drinking more, or for longer than you intended to
  • Feeling increased irritability, mood dips, or anxiety as a result of drinking
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, sweating, or shaky hands when you discontinue drinking

Rehab for Executives

How to Get Addiction Help as an Executive

Executives, celebrities, politicians and other high-achievers often have so much going on that they’re not aware of signs of substance abuse. This can be especially true if you’re in a profession that normalizes drinking or illicit drug use.13 If you notice worrying signs of abuse, you might hesitate to begin your recovery journey because of work requirements. However, prolonged alcohol or substance abuse can have serious health consequences.14 Stepping away from work to seek treatment may seem difficult in the short-run, but it will certainly be beneficial to your health and can even help with long-term productivity.

There are several addiction treatment options for executives. These centers often have facilities like a business center or a flexible technology policy, and luxurious amenities so you can recover in comfort and greater privacy.

Once you’ve recognized the need for help and want to start looking for treatment centers, you can take steps to find a program that fits you:

  • Receive a clinical assessment by a mental health professional.
  • Consider your recommended treatment options.
  • Find a treatment provider that is ideally reputable, trustworthy, accredited, qualified, and with licensed professionals.
  • Weigh your options and consider factors such as treatment approach, location, amenities, and more.
  • Call the treatment provider and schedule a tour, if you can.

For a more in-depth take on finding the right addiction treatment option for you, see our Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Treatment Provider.

Are There Rehab Programs for Executives?

Several private, inpatient rehabs offer executive programs. These programs often include features that take into consideration the needs of high achievers:

  • Greater discretion
  • The ability to use technology during rehab
    upscale settings
  • Amenities that help promote comfort and healing
  • High-quality clinical care
  • Highly-personalized treatment
  • Tailored services like a private chef or personal trainer

…and more.

Oftentimes, the medical and clinical staff at inpatient executive rehabs have been treating clientele like you for years and understand your unique needs.

Where Do CEOs Go to Rehab?

Because of their unique lifestyle, executives are more likely to consider rehabs based on location, privacy, amenities, and comfort, and whether or not the rehab has an executive program.

Those who want to protect their privacy without giving up on comfort may opt for a luxury destination rehab. Some popular locations for executives include California and Florida in the U.S., and Switzerland.

California: Rehabs in California are known to attract A-list clientele. It consistently ranks among the top U.S. states with the best health care, and this translates to addiction treatment. Many centers have long been established and have earned a reputation. And California is no stranger to luxury: Malibu was one of the first places to popularize the concept of high-end, resort-style rehabs. Because it’s such a sought-after rehab destination, it’s home to some of the top addiction treatment centers in the world.

Florida: Florida rehabs have something for everyone, from executives to people who seek gender-specific addiction treatment. In addition to the various treatment options offered, rehabs in Florida have been catering to high-net-worth clientele for years. If you attend a luxury center in the sunshine state, there’s a good chance you’ll work closely with a clinical team dedicated to creating your individualized care plan.

Switzerland: For executives who want to escape the bustle of large cities or are seeking extra privacy, rehabs in Switzerland offer a special combination of confidentiality and comfort. The country is famous for its attention to quality and service. Here, you can expect to find a high concentration of luxury rehabs that offer uber-individualized care.

Of course, these aren’t the only destinations CEOs look to for rehab. Some prefer to recover surrounded by nature and will look at rehabs in Colorado. Others may want a destination that offers one-of-a-kind experiential therapies, like a safari in South Africa.

What’s a Typical Day in Rehab Like?

You’ll follow a full, recovery-focused schedule in rehab. Most days involve therapy sessions supported by activities and leisure time, and scheduled work time if you attend an executive rehab. A day at rehab might look something like this:

  • Wake up early to a healthy, nourishing breakfast
  • Join a group therapy session
  • Move your body with a fitness class or activity
  • Have lunch with others in your program
  • Post-lunch downtime
  • Complete a 1-on-1 therapy session
  • Scheduled work time
  • Attend an educational or support group session
  • Eat dinner, followed by a wind-down activity like music or art therapy, or individual free time

Activities and outings are often influenced by the rehab’s location. Jerry Vaccaro, President at All Points North Lodge in Vail Valley, Colorado, details some activities common to the area:

“On weekends, we have a ton of activities. Patients can snap on their snowshoes and go walking. You might even see some elk. Or, we may take you on a trip to the ski slopes. In warmer weather, activities might include fly fishing on the beautiful rivers here. We try to balance the intense nature of treatment with activities that help you decompress and think about what you just experienced.”

Can I Still Work While at Rehab?

Rehab is a protected environment that allows you to disconnect from the outside world and turn your focus inward. However, not everyone can take time off work, and that’s understandable. You can still make the most out of treatment while fitting work into your schedule.

Most executive rehab programs have a flexible technology policy so you can stay connected during certain hours and keep your office running. Some also have business centers to work from. Regardless, you’ll want to check directly with a rehab center about their technology policy to make sure it suits your needs.

For some people with a more demanding schedule, bespoke programs and single-client rehabs may fit best. For example, politicians or celebrities may need to make public appearances during their time in treatment. Single-client rehabs are usually hyper-individualized and may be more accommodating to these types of requests.

Which Rehabs Allow Laptops?

Different rehab programs have different tech usage policies. Many luxury rehabs offer an executive program, allowing professionals to stay connected with work during their time in treatment.

You can browse our list of executive rehab programs to learn more about centers with flexible technology policies.

What Amenities Do Luxury Rehabs Offer?

It’s important to feel comfortable in rehab. Contrary to the belief that rehab should be punishing, being in an uncomfortable environment can negatively impact your mood and receptiveness to treatment. Luxury rehabs offer special amenities that executives and high net-worth clientele may be used to, allowing them to relax and feel at home:

  • Swimming pools
  • Saunas
  • Fitness/wellness center
  • Business center
  • Outdoor lounge
  • Tennis court
  • Theater
  • Gourmet dining
  • Personal concierge

Privacy in Rehab

Can I Keep My Rehab Stay Private as a CEO?

Confidentiality concerns can be a major barrier to treatment for CEOs and people in high-profile positions. The good news is you can keep your rehab attendance private.

From single-client rehabs to centers in secluded locations, there are a variety of ways rehabs accommodate your privacy needs:

  • Inpatient (residential) rehab offers distance from your community. You’re removed from your everyday environment, reducing the chances of being recognized.
  • Many inpatient centers are in secluded, discreet locations and aren’t even recognizable as rehabs from the outside. Some don’t list their location information publicly.
  • Ultra-private luxury rehabs take in one client at a time, so your stay is completely confidential.
  • Destination rehabs can offer an extra layer of privacy.
  • Virtual rehab programs let you receive treatment from the comfort of your home.

On top of that, rehabs in the U.S. must adhere to clinical standards of patient confidentiality:

  1. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,15 or HIPAA, is a law that protects your medical records and health information. Under HIPAA, a rehab cannot share your health information without your knowledge or consent.
  2. 42 CFR Part 2 is a section of HIPAA that applies directly to addiction treatment programs. Under this law, a rehab center cannot disclose any information that reveals that you’ve dealt with addiction, even with other medical providers. All recovery programs must adhere to 42 CFR Part 2.

Does Rehab Go on Your Record?

In most cases, rehab attendance doesn’t go on your record. An exception would be if you had broken the law in some way, for example, if you were arrested for possession of narcotics. In these cases, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission prohibits employers from using criminal history information16 to discriminate against you.

In all cases, HIPAA protects your medical information17 and any information that may disclose your rehab attendance.

What Are Rehab Privacy Laws?

When you attend rehab, you’re protected by certain privacy protection laws. Two important laws include HIPAA and 42 CFR Part 2.

HIPAA
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,18 or HIPAA, is a national law that prevents the disclosure of any of your medically related information without your consent or knowledge. Under HIPAA, you have the right to access and request amendments to your health records.

Healthcare providers, health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and business associates must comply with HIPAA.

42 CFR Part 2
42 CFR Part 219 is a section under HIPAA that offers more stringent privacy protection than HIPAA and pertains directly to substance use disorder treatment. Under this law, treatment providers can’t disclose any information that suggests you’ve dealt with addiction. This is to protect you from unfair treatment in legal cases involving employment, divorce, and more.

Find Healing at an Executive Rehab Program

Many executives find it difficult to disconnect and free themselves from workplace stress. When this stress occurs in conjunction with a substance use disorder, it takes a heavy toll on your physical and mental health.

Because it can feel like you’re in charge of keeping everything running, you may be hesitant to seek addiction or mental health treatment. However, your mental and physical well-being are important. You deserve time to focus inward. Thankfully, plenty of rehab programs cater to the needs of executives. These programs ensure you can still reach the people who rely on you while you take time to heal.

Explore the world’s top rehabs for executives.

Posted on

What Is Rehab? Understanding Addiction Treatment, When to Get Help, and How Long It Takes

Are you wondering whether rehab is right for you or someone you care about? Maybe you’re unsure where to start, what kind of support is available, or how recovery even works. You’re not alone.

Rehab is more than just stopping substance use — it’s about reclaiming your health, restoring your relationships, and rebuilding your life. In this guide, we break down what rehab really involves helping you move forward.

1. Will Rehab Lead to Addiction Recovery?

Rehabilitation, or “rehab,” is a structured treatment program that helps you stop using drugs or alcohol and begin building a healthier life. It’s not a one-size-fits-all solution — rehab includes various evidence-based treatments tailored to your unique needs. These may involve medical support, therapy, and skill-building tools to help you reach and maintain recovery.

Being in rehab means actively engaging in a recovery process that goes beyond stopping substance use. Effective treatment should match your unique needs1 and often combines behavioral therapy with medication, especially for opioid or alcohol use disorders. While medications can support detox and long-term recovery, detox alone is not enough. For substances like cannabis or stimulants, behavioral therapies are the primary approach. Treatment also needs to address the mental, physical, and social aspects of your life to help you build a strong foundation for lasting change.

Illustration of a woman pulling a plant shaped like a liquor bottle from the ground, revealing deep red roots, symbolizing how rehab addresses the root causes of addiction. Text reads: “Rehab treats more than addiction — it heals what’s underneath.”

2. How Does Detox Work in Addiction Treatment?

Detox, short for detoxification, is often the first step in treatment. It’s the process of clearing substances from your body2 under medical supervision. This helps you manage withdrawal symptoms safely, which can range from mild (like restlessness) to severe (such as seizures).

Medical detox may involve medication to ease withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. The process varies depending on the substance and your level of dependence. Detox is designed to help you discontinue use safely and comfortably, but it isn’t a standalone solution. The goal is not always immediate abstinence — for some, it’s a step toward reducing harms and regaining control. Detox should be seen as a transitional phase that opens the door to longer-term recovery, including therapy and support services.

Infographic comparing the 4 main types of addiction rehab: Detox, Inpatient, Outpatient, and Sober Living. Each type includes a description, typical length of stay, and relative cost level. Detox involves 3–14 days of medical withdrawal support; inpatient offers 24/7 live-in care for 30–90+ days; outpatient provides structured therapy while living at home; and sober living offers peer-supported housing post-treatment.

3. When to Seek Addiction Treatment

If alcohol or drug use is harming your health, well-being, relationships, or daily life, it might be time to consider treatment. Roughly 8.6% of people need treatment for drug or alcohol issues,3 but far fewer actually seek help—often due to shame or thinking the problem isn’t serious. However, delaying treatment can lead to deeper consequences. While no addiction is untreatable, early intervention is key. If you’re unsure whether you need help, consider reviewing common signs that it might be time to speak with a counselor. Other signs include:

  • You need more of the substance to feel the same effect and substance use dominates your thoughts and daily life. As priorities shift, meaningful parts of your life—like relationships and responsibilities—may be replaced by the pursuit and use of drugs or alcohol. If your world begins to revolve around the substance, it may be time to reach out for support and take the first step toward freedom.
  • You tried to stop using substances but can’t do it alone, it’s time to seek help. Addiction changes your brain, making it hard to recover without support—and that’s not your fault. Professional treatment centers offer safe detox options, including medical support if needed, along with counseling to help you build healthy coping skills and maintain recovery.
  • You experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop. Withdrawal symptoms are a common—and often difficult—part of stopping substance use. They can range from physical discomfort to intense emotional distress, depending on the substance and your level of use. These symptoms aren’t a sign of weakness; they’re a signal that your body has become dependent. The good news is, you don’t have to face them alone. With professional support, withdrawal can be managed safely and more comfortably, setting you up for a stronger start to recovery.

It’s never too early to reach out and start your recovery journey. Asking for help takes courage, and the sooner you begin, the better your chances of recovery. Support is available through helplines, healthcare providers, and treatment centers.

Infographic titled “Warning Signs You Might Need Rehab for Addiction,” featuring eight signs including: inability to stop on your own, substance use dominating thoughts, withdrawal symptoms, increasing tolerance, shifting priorities, health or safety risks, and real-life consequences. Illustration shows a man holding pills while his reflection appears shattered in a mirror.

4. Inpatient vs. Outpatient Treatment

What Is Inpatient Rehab?

Inpatient rehab — also known as residential treatment or residential rehab — means staying at a facility full-time. You live there while receiving round-the-clock care, which provides a safe, structured environment to focus on your recovery without outside distractions or triggers. This type of care typically includes individual therapy, group sessions, medical support, and holistic services.

Inpatient programs are especially effective for individuals with severe substance use issues, co-occurring mental health conditions, or those who have struggled with relapse. Treatment generally lasts between 30 and 90 days but can be extended based on personal needs. Research shows that inpatient programs often lead to better engagement and outcomes,4 particularly in complex cases.

What Is Outpatient Rehab and How Does It Vary?

Outpatient rehab lets you live at home while attending scheduled treatment sessions. This approach offers greater flexibility, allowing you to maintain responsibilities like work, school, or family care while still receiving help. It’s a good fit for people with a stable home environment and milder substance use challenges.

Levels of care vary, from standard outpatient therapy (once or twice a week) to intensive outpatient programs, which may meet multiple times per week for several hours at a time. Outpatient rehab is also often used as a step-down after inpatient treatment, helping to reinforce progress and prevent relapse. Studies suggest that for certain patients, outpatient care can be as effective as inpatient treatment when matched appropriately to the individual’s needs.

5. Addiction Treatment Options

Everyone’s path to recovery is different. That’s why treatment plans are personalized, combining therapies and services that best meet your needs. These often include behavioral therapies, medications, and support for your mental health and relationships.

Rehab Programs

Alcohol and other drugs rehab focuses on treating substance use disorder (SUD), including both the physical and psychological aspects. It often starts with detox, followed by therapy and sometimes medication like naltrexone.

Aftercare / Support Groups

Aftercare is essential for long-term recovery. These services help you stay sober and handle challenges after completing a program. Common options include sober living homes, alumni networks, and mutual-help groups like 12-step meetings.5 Continued involvement in recovery support increases your chances of staying in recovery.

Family Therapy

Addiction affects families — and family support can be key to healing. Family therapy helps improve communication, rebuild trust, and create healthier dynamics. It also helps loved ones understand addiction and support your recovery in meaningful ways.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a widely used therapy that helps you identify harmful thought patterns and replace them with healthier behaviors. It’s evidence-based and effective across a range of concerns.

Mental Health Services

Mental health disorders like depression, anxiety, or PTSD often go hand-in-hand with addiction. Treating both at the same time, called integrated care, offers better outcomes. Many treatment programs include access to psychiatrists and therapy for co-occurring conditions.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

MAT uses medication to help manage cravings and withdrawal, paired with therapy and counseling. It’s especially helpful for opioid and alcohol use disorders. Common medications include buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone. SAMHSA’s guidance on medication-assisted treatment6 supports MAT as one of the most effective treatments available.

6. How Do I Pay for Addiction Treatment?

The cost of treatment can feel overwhelming, but there are many ways to make it more affordable. These include private insurance, state-funded programs, sliding scale fees, and grants or scholarships from treatment centers.

Start by contacting the rehab facility to ask about financial aid. To start your recovery process, you can use Recovery.com to find a rehab center and view photos, read reviews, check insurance details, and explore additional services. Find out more on our website.

7. How Long Is Drug and Alcohol Rehab?

There’s no single answer to how long treatment lasts. Detox may take just a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the substance and your individual needs. Residential programs often last between 30 and 90 days, while outpatient care can continue for several months or even longer.

Research consistently shows that longer treatment durations are associated with better recovery outcomes.7 The most important factor isn’t how fast you finish, but how engaged you remain throughout the process. Committing to care for as long as needed gives you the strongest foundation for lasting change.

8. Find Hope for Recovery

Recovery is a process — and you don’t have to go through it alone. Whether you’re thinking about detox, inpatient treatment, or outpatient care, help is out there. Explore our treatment center profiles, read real recovery stories, and use our locator tool to find the right support for you. Recovery is possible — and it starts with a single step.

FAQs

 Q: What does it mean when someone is in rehab?


 A: Being in rehab means a person is receiving professional treatment for substance use or mental health issues, often involving therapy, medical support, and behavioral interventions.

Q: What does rehab mean?


 A: Rehab, short for rehabilitation, refers to structured programs that help individuals recover from addiction, regain stability, and build healthier lives.

Q: What do they do in a rehab?


 A: Rehab programs typically include individual and group therapy, medical care, detox support, life skills training, and relapse prevention planning.

Q: What does “get rehab” mean?


 A: To “get rehab” means to enter a treatment program for help with substance use, mental health conditions, or both.

Q: What is alcohol detox?


 A: Alcohol detox is the medically supervised process of clearing alcohol from the body, often the first step before starting addiction treatment.

Q: How do I pay for addiction treatment?

 A: Payment options include private insurance, Medicaid/Medicare, sliding scale fees, grants, scholarships, or financing programs offered by treatment centers.

Q: How long is drug rehab?


 A: Drug rehab varies based on need and program type, ranging from 30 to 90 days or longer for extended care.

Q: How long is drug and alcohol rehab?

 A: Combined drug and alcohol rehab programs also vary, but many last 30–90 days, with some offering ongoing outpatient care afterward.

Q: How does outpatient rehab vary?


 A: Outpatient rehab differs in intensity and structure, allowing participants to live at home while attending scheduled treatment sessions.

Q: What is residential rehab?


 A: Residential rehab involves living at a treatment facility full-time, offering 24/7 care and a structured recovery environment.

Q: What are the stages of rehabilitation?


 A: The main stages include detox, therapy and counseling, skill-building and relapse prevention, and aftercare planning.

Q: What types of therapies are offered in rehab?


 A: Rehab programs often include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), trauma-informed therapy, family counseling, and holistic approaches.

Q: What types of programs are available in rehab?


 A: Programs include inpatient/residential treatment, partial hospitalization (PHP), intensive outpatient (IOP), and standard outpatient services.

Q: What are the different types of rehab programs?


 A: Types range from short-term detox to long-term residential treatment, outpatient therapy, sober living, and faith-based or gender-specific programs.

Q: What types of rehab programs are available?


 A: Available rehab options may include medical detox, residential treatment, outpatient care, dual diagnosis treatment, and specialized programs for teens, veterans, or professionals.

Posted on

The Basics of Understanding Addiction

No one chooses to be addicted to drugs, alcohol, or gambling. So, what happens? Where does drinking cross the line into an alcohol problem? When does drug use grow from something that makes you feel good to something that takes over your life because if you don’t have it you feel miserable?

What Is Addiction?

Addiction is complex. It is widely accepted that addiction is a disease, involving compulsive use regardless of negative consequences.

The “short” definition of addiction by The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM):

Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors.

Addiction is characterized by an inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death.

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM)

Although we’re still exploring the many biological, psychological, and social factors behind how addiction happens, we know for certain drugs, alcohol, and other behaviors, like gambling, gaming, and pornography (typically called “process addictions”), can cause problems in a person’s life and in the lives of those close to that person—and we know addiction is treatable.

Symptoms of Addiction

The drug of choice or behavior of choice will have varying symptoms, but most addictions have the following symptoms. Typically, the more of these symptoms, the more severe the addiction is.

  • Withdrawal symptoms upon stopping
  • Tolerance (you need more of the drug or behavior to get the same effect)
  • Time and energy focused on the behavior and getting next “fix,” especially at the expense of activities once enjoyed
  • Craving
  • Problems related to use:
    • Neglected responsibilities at school, work or home
    • Relationship conflict
    • Physical health problems
    • Mental health issues
  • Lack of control and inability to stop (repeated attempts to quit)

How Common Is Addiction?

Often termed “substance use disorder” (SUD) or “alcohol use disorder” (AUD), addiction affects a number of people worldwide. The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report 2019, estimates that in 2017, about 35 million people were suffering from a drug use disorder.

More than 35 million people worldwide are suffering from a drug use disorder.

Is Addiction a Disease?

While the disease aspect is still controversial in some circles, in the medical and scientific communities, addiction is considered a disease, a chronic brain disorder.

How Is Addiction Treated?

A spectrum of treatment options exist to help people struggling with drugs and alcohol or process addictions.

Typically addiction is treated through a combination of psychotherapies, support groups, and sometimes medicine. Some people have found recovery simply by attending support groups regularly. Others have found individual counseling coupled with support group attendance

Posted on

What Happens During Withdrawal?

When you enter addiction recovery, you may or may not go through withdrawal—and you can’t always predict whether you’ll have symptoms. If you’re ready to quit drugs or alcohol, it’s a good idea to make a safety plan. And depending on your specific addiction, that plan might need to include medical detox.

What Causes Withdrawal?

Quitting any addiction can cause withdrawal. ((Alavi, Seyyed Salman, et al. “Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views.” International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 3, no. 4, Apr. 2012, pp. 290–94. PubMed Central, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354400/.)) That’s true for drugs, alcohol, and even behavioral addictions like gambling. But your exact experience depends on your mental and physical health. Withdrawal doesn’t affect everyone ((Saitz, Richard. “Introduction to Alcohol Withdrawal.” Alcohol Health and Research World, vol. 22, no. 1, 1998, pp. 5–12. PubMed Central, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761824/.)) in recovery. That’s because there are different ways you can come to rely on a substance.

Dependence

When you’re physically dependent on a drug, your body’s used to ingesting it on a regular basis. And you’ll probably experience physical effects when you stop taking it. This is what most people think of when they picture withdrawal.

But you can be dependent on non-addictive drugs, ((Szalavitz, Maia, et al. “Drug Dependence Is Not Addiction—and It Matters.” Annals of Medicine, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 1989–92. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1995623. Accessed 27 Dec. 2022.)) too. If you stop taking your asthma medication, you’ll probably feel immediate effects. The same is true for mental health meds, like antidepressants. Dependence doesn’t equal addiction. It’s a physical experience. But the 2 often go hand in hand.

Addiction

Many addictions include physical dependence—but not all of them. Video game addiction, for example, is behavioral. Some experts even call drug addiction a mental health issue, ((“Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders.” National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health. Accessed 27 Dec. 2022.)) rather than a physical one.

People with untreated addiction keep engaging in unhealthy behavior ((Alavi, Seyyed Salman, et al. “Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views.” International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 3, no. 4, Apr. 2012, pp. 290–94. PubMed Central, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354400/.)) in spite of its adverse effects. Those effects could be physical, mental, social, or even spiritual. And for some people, quitting causes physical symptoms—even if you weren’t physically dependent on a drug.

What Are the Most Common Symptoms?

Everyone’s recovery journey is a little different. But these are a few of the most common withdrawal symptoms:

  • changes in appetite
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • sleep disturbances, like insomnia or excessive tiredness
  • mood changes or mood swings
  • tremors
  • anxiety
  • depression

These symptoms might be more or less severe depending on your overall health. If you have any chronic conditions, make sure to ask your doctor how to manage them while you’re going through this transition. Whether or not you get formal treatment during, it’s important to make a plan for support during detox and withdrawal.

Can You Die From Withdrawal?

In short: yes, you can die from withdrawal. Certain addictions are strongly associated with physical dependence. And when you quit these drugs, you might have very serious symptoms. Talk to your doctor about medical detox if you’re quitting off any of the following:

Without proper care, withdrawal from these 3 substances can be life-threatening. And even if your physical symptoms are minimal, detoxing off any drug can reveal other health concerns.

How Long Does Withdrawal Last?

It depends on what drugs you’ve been taking, and in what quantities. And your other health issues can play a role here. For example, nicotine is an antipsychotic. ((Lyon, E. R. “A Review of the Effects of Nicotine on Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Medications.” Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.), vol. 50, no. 10, Oct. 1999, pp. 1346–50. PubMed, https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.50.10.1346.)) So if you have schizophrenia and you smoke cigarettes, they can interact with your prescribed meds. For people with co-occurring disorders, withdrawal and detox are often complex.

If addiction is your only concern, it may be easier to estimate how long you’ll spend in withdrawal. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), estimates the following withdrawal timelines ((“Protracted Withdrawal.” Substance Abuse Treatment Advisory. July 2010 Volume 9 Issue 1. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma10-4554.pdf)) for various substances:

  • Alcohol withdrawal lasts 5-7 days.
  • Benzodiazepine withdrawal lasts 1-5 weeks.
  • Opioid withdrawal (except methadone) lasts 4-10 days.
  • Methadone withdrawal can last up to 3 weeks.
  • Stimulant withdrawal lasts 1-2 weeks.
  • Cannabis withdrawal lasts approximately 5 days.
  • Nicotine withdrawal lasts between 2-4 weeks.

These are just general guidelines—your symptoms may subside faster. And for some people, they go on much longer.

If you’re still feeling the effects of withdrawal long after these estimated timelines, talk to your care team about your options. At that point, you might need an evaluation for post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). This condition is serious, but treatable. And with your provider’s support, you can continue to move forward.

What Happens After Withdrawal?

Quitting is just one step in your journey. After you go through withdrawal, you’ll have several options. You might start therapy, or join a support group. If you attend medical detox, you might be required to go straight into residential rehab. Some facilities even combine these programs, so you won’t need to move in the middle of treatment. But there are countless ways to map out the recovery process. The important thing is choosing a path that meets your specific needs.

To start planning your recovery, learn about treatments, housing options, and insurance coverage at residential detox centers.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

Posted on

How Do I Know If I Have a Drug Problem

A person may know they have a drug problem if they have become dependent on a drug and feel like the drug is needed for functioning. Another way an individual can tell if their drug use is causing a problem is if they are experiencing negative consequences in their home, work, or personal relationships.

When Does Using Drugs Become a Problem?

Drug usage in someone’s life becomes a problem when it negatively affects an individual’s mental, emotional, and physical health. This may manifest as an addiction, withdrawal symptoms, illegal activity, or other negative consequences in their life or the lives of family and friends.

Drugs can also become a problem in someone’s life when they depend on the drug for achieving personal fulfillment at the expense of themselves and/or others.

DSM-V and ICD-10 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders

The table below features the DSM-V and ICD-10 which can be used as a guide to determine if drug usage may be a problem in your life or your loved ones life.

This table is not to be used for a self-diagnosis. Please seek help from a mental health professional for a real diagnosis if you feel like you or your loved one may be experiencing a drug problem.

DSM-V ICD-10
The presence of at least 2 of the symptoms in the chart below indicates an individual may have a Substance Use Disorder. The severity is defined as: Mild: 2-3 symptoms, Moderate 4-5 symptoms, and Severe 6+ symptoms. The presence of 3 or more of the following should be present together for at least 1 month, or repeatedly during a 1 year period.
In the past year, have you? Have you had?
Had times when you ended up taking the substance more, or longer, than you intended? A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the psychoactive substance?
More than once wanted to cut down or stop taking the substance, or tried to, but couldn’t? Difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use?
Spent a lot of time taking the substance? Or being sick or getting over other aftereffects? A physiological withdrawal state when substance use has ceased or been reduced, as evidenced by: the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance; or use of the same (or a closely related) substance with the intention of relieving or avoiding withdrawal symptoms?
Wanted the substance so badly you couldn’t think of anything else? Evidence of tolerance, such that increased doses of the psychoactive substance are required in order to achieve effects originally produced by lower doses?
Found that taking the substance interfered with taking care of your home or family? Or caused job troubles? Or school problems? Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests because of psychoactive substance use?
Continued to take the substance even though it was causing trouble with your family or friends?
Given up or cut back on activities that were important or interesting to you, or gave you pleasure, in order to take the substance?
More than once gotten into situations while or after taking the substance that increase your chances of getting hurt (such as driving, swimming, using machinery, walking in a dangerous area?)
Continued to take the substance even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious or adding to another health problem? Or after having had a memory blackout?
Had to take more of the substance much more than you once did to get the effect you want? Or found that your usual drug dose had much less effect than before?
Found that when the effects of drugs were wearing off, you had withdrawal symptoms, such as trouble sleeping, shakiness, restlessness, nausea, sweating or racing heart?

DSM-V contains a list of criteria that helps determine if an individual may have a Substance Use Disorder. The DSM-V is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders developed by the American Psychiatric Association in 1952. As research and data continues, the APA updates the DSM with current information which is why there is the letter V for the 5th edition.

ICD-10 contains a  list of criteria that helps determine if an individual may have a Substance Use Disorder. The ICD-10 is the International Classification of Diseases developed by the United States National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in 1893. As research and data continues, the APA reviews and updates the ICD with current information which is why there is the number 10 for the 10th revision.

How Can You Find Out?

Many will say if you’re questioning, then that means you have a drug problem and should seek help. Here are a few other ways you can find out if you have a drug problem.

Talk to Your Primary Care Physician

Talk to your primary care physician about your drug use and be honest. They can conduct an assessment and refer you to another health professional or level of care if needed.

Get an Assessment with a Mental Health Professional

The best and recommended way to know if you have a drug problem is to get an assessment with a mental health professional. Since they’re experts, they’ll be able to assess the severity of a substance use disorder and recommend the level of treatment you need. You can talk to your GP about a mental health assessment or find other providers who can give one.

Try Minimizing or Stopping Drugs

Note: this is not safe if you consistently take drugs, as drug withdrawal can be life-threatening. If you have not become dependent on drugs though and think you may have a problem, see if you can go without the drug or significantly reduce your drug intake. Does it cause anxiety? Are you struggling to stop?

Take an Online Quiz

Here are a few common online quizzes regarding drugs. The general quizzes below are not meant to be a diagnosis, but more of a spectrum guide of your drug usage.

Posted on

How Do I Know If I Have an Alcohol Problem

Because drinking is socially acceptable, it can be very hard to tell whether you have a problem with alcohol. In certain situations, you may even be pressured to drink more in order to keep up with a group. And alcohol is far more accessible than most other dangerous substances. But just because it’s legal, that doesn’t mean it’s safe or healthy for everyone.

If you’re concerned about your drinking habits, you can start by taking stock of your behavior. Rather than relying on feedback from the people around you—who may drink excessively themselves—it’s important to learn the facts about this condition. With that information in hand, you’ll be ready to find treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Defining Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–V), alcohol use disorder can be diagnosed based on 11 signs and symptoms. Based on those criteria, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAA) published the following list of questions assessing the likelihood that a person has alcohol use disorder. ((Alcohol use disorder: A comparison between dsm–iv and dsm–5 | national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism(Niaaa). (n.d.). Retrieved May 24, 2022, from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/alcohol-use-disorder-comparison-between-dsm))

In the past year, have you…

  • Had times when you ended up drinking more, or longer, than you intended?
  • More than once wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn’t?
  • Spent a lot of time drinking? Or being sick or getting over other aftereffects?
  • Wanted a drink so badly you couldn’t think of anything else?
  • Found that drinking—or being sick from drinking—often interfered with taking care of your home or family? Or caused job troubles? Or school problems?
  • Continued to drink even though it was causing trouble with your family or friends?
  • Given up or cut back on activities that were important or interesting to you, or gave you pleasure, in order to drink?
  • More than once gotten into situations while or after drinking that increased your chances of getting hurt (such as driving, swimming, using machinery, walking in a dangerous area, or having unsafe sex)?
  • Continued to drink even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious or adding to another health problem? Or after having had a memory blackout?
  • Had to drink much more than you once did to get the effect you want? Or found that your usual number of drinks had much less effect than before?
  • Found that when the effects of alcohol were wearing off, you had withdrawal symptoms, such as trouble sleeping, shakiness, restlessness, nausea, sweating, a racing heart, or a seizure? Or sensed things that were not there?

People with alcohol use disorder can say yes to 2 or more of these questions. Mild AUD includes 2-3 of these signs, while moderate AUD includes 4-5 of them. Severe alcohol use disorder is defined as the presence of 6 or more symptoms.

Even if you don’t officially qualify for this diagnosis, you might still exhibit signs of unhealthy behavior. It’s important to keep an eye on your drinking habits, and notice the warning signs associated with a developing addiction.

What Is Excessive Drinking?

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), drinking in moderation means that on a day when alcohol is consumed, intake is limited to 2 drinks or less for men, and 1 drink or less for women. Drinking above this amount may be excessive, and can be categorized as binge drinking or heavy alcohol use. Both of these patterns of behaviors increase the likelihood that a person either has or will develop an alcohol addiction.

Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is a pattern of excessive drinking ((Drinking levels defined | national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism(Niaaa). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking)) that raises blood alcohol concentration to 0.08% or higher. According to the NIAAA, an adult male can typically reach these levels after consuming 5 drinks in 2 hours. The threshold for most adult female drinkers is just 4 drinks in 2 hours.

Heavy Alcohol Use

For men, the NIAAA defines heavy alcohol use ((Drinking levels defined | national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism(Niaaa). (n.d.). Retrieved May 24, 2022, from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking)) as “consuming more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 14 drinks per week.” For women, that number shrinks to “3 drinks on any day or more than 7 drinks per week.”

Drinking and Gender

It’s important to note that the NIAAA uses narrow definitions of sex and gender. In one article, their experts note that cis women may be more sensitive to alcohol’s effects ((Are women more vulnerable to alcohol’s effects? -Alcohol alert no. 46-1999. (n.d.). Retrieved May 24, 2022, from https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa46.htm#:~:text=Women%20absorb%20and%20metabolize%20alcohol,alcohol%20(5%2C6).)) than cis men. Specifically, they explain this is because “[cis] women absorb and metabolize alcohol differently than [cis] men.”

This data focuses on differences due to biological (or assigned) sex. In recent years, researchers have also begun to explore alcohol misuse in transgender and gender non-conforming populations. ((Gilbert, P. A., Pass, L. E., Keuroghlian, A. S., Greenfield, T. K., & Reisner, S. L. (2018). Alcohol research with transgender populations: A systematic review and recommendations to strengthen future studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.016)) However, more research is needed on this subject. If you have questions about how your experience of sex and gender relates to drinking, speak with a doctor who understands your personal health history.

Assessing Your Situation

Many people seek treatment for alcohol addiction because of pressure from friends and family. ((Polcin, D. L., Korcha, R., Greenfield, T. K., Bond, J., & Kerr, W. (2012). Pressure to reduce drinking and reasons for seeking treatment. Contemporary Drug Problems, 39(4), 687–714. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888964/)) While this can be a powerful motivator, it’s important to remember that advice from loved ones is no substitute for medical guidance. If you think you might have alcohol use disorder, it’s important to speak with a healthcare professional before taking any other action.

Talking to Your Doctor

If you have an ongoing relationship with a primary care provider (PCP), you can start by making an appointment with them. Your PCP may be a doctor, registered nurse, or other healthcare professional familiar with your health history. This person will be able to answer your questions, offer insight into your risk factors for addiction, and recommend a course of action that accounts for your ongoing physical health.

However, not every doctor is qualified to diagnose addiction. Depending on your provider’s expertise, you may need to ask for a referral to a specialist.

Talking to a Mental Health Professional

In addition to your PCP, you should speak with a mental health provider, like a psychiatrist or a talk therapist. If you regularly see a counselor, you can begin by getting their advice on the matter. To get properly diagnosed, it’s important to connect someone who has experience treating alcohol addiction. You may need to go through a longer referral process in order to find the right provider.

When you do speak with an addiction specialist, you can ask them to conduct a formal assessment to determine your level of dependence on alcohol. Clinicians may use a variety of assessment tools, including interview questions based on the DSM-V criteria for AUD. It’s important to get this expert’s opinion on your status, even if you’ve already answered these questions for yourself. They’ll be able to interpret your responses in a clinical context, and give you more information about your options for recovery.

Seeking Treatment for Alcohol Addiction

Once you’ve been diagnosed, you can begin planning for treatment and recovery from alcohol use disorder. For alcohol in particular—even more than many other substances—it’s absolutely vital that you begin this process with expert care.

Detox

Detoxing from alcohol is extremely dangerous without proper medical supervision.

During alcohol withdrawal, ((Saitz, R. (1998). Introduction to alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Health and Research World, 22(1), 5–12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761824/)) you may experience mild symptoms like tremors, anxiety, and irritability, or serious symptoms such as seizures, hallucinations, and delirium tremens. In severe cases, this process can even be life-threatening.

Before you stop drinking, talk to your doctor about your current alcohol intake, and learn about the risks you can expect during withdrawal. If you’re a candidate for medical alcohol detox, you can attend a residential program during this phase of recovery. Many detox centers require you to have plans for longer-term care before beginning the program.

Residential Rehab

After detox, many people in alcohol recovery benefit from residential rehab. These programs typically last 30-90 days, although exactly how long you need to stay in rehab may vary. During this time, you might participate in psychotherapy and group therapy, and get medical attention. You can also attend support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous or SMART Recovery groups. These groups are readily available in many rehab centers, and once you complete inpatient treatment, you can easily find a similar session in your area or online.

Long-Term Recovery From Alcohol Misuse

Recovery from alcohol addiction doesn’t end with inpatient rehab. Most people continue some form of long term treatment, which may include 1:1 talk therapy, attending support groups, or other modalities. If you decide to stop drinking completely and permanently, you may also need to restructure your social life around that choice.

This process might sound daunting, but it can also be rewarding and validating. By learning how to have fun and connect with loved ones in a new way, you can build a healthier life. These experiences can be far more meaningful—and better yet, sustainable.

If you’re concerned about your alcohol use, you can learn more about rehab facilities that treat alcohol addiction.

Reviewed by Rajnandini Rathod

Posted on

Choosing a Rehab for Your Teen or Young Adult

If your teen or young adult is struggling with substance abuse, you likely have a lot on your mind. From wondering how your teen got involved in drugs in the first place to worrying about what the future holds, it’s tough to know where to turn and the right questions to ask. The encouraging news is that specialized therapy is accessible in a wide range of settings. Many rehabs offer programs designed exclusively for young people.

Teen substance abuse is a serious matter. Studies show that young people’s brains are still developing1 until they reach their mid-20s—especially the area responsible for decision-making. During this crucial time, substance use “can interfere with developmental processes occurring in the brain.” Long-term drug use alters young people’s cognitive function, putting them at risk for chronic dependency and bringing increasingly worse life consequences. That’s why it’s crucial to provide teens with the treatment they need now, so they can mature into healthy, well-adjusted adults.

If you’re looking for addiction treatment information for your teen or young adult, it helps to understand what they’re going through and what their options are.

Why Do Teens Use Substances?

Teenagers are in a unique stage of their lives. They’re forming their identities, going through bodily changes, and developing a stronger desire for independence. Their thinking is starting to expand beyond their limited, childhood view of the world. These changes can prompt them to challenge authority and experiment with different concepts that were previously off limits.

Unfortunately, at this age, the area of the brain responsible for decision-making hasn’t yet matured. Research suggests that “the developing brain may help explain why adolescents sometimes make decisions that are risky2 and can lead to safety or health concerns, including unique vulnerabilities to drug abuse.”

Aside from age alone, a number of factors can influence young people’s risk for substance abuse:

Co-Occurring Disorders and Self-Medication

Teenage years can take a toll on young people’s emotions, often leading to stress, depression, or lack of confidence. When teens feel sadness or anxiety and can’t find a positive outlet for their feelings, they might take comfort in drugs or alcohol.

Teens and young adults with mental health issues including depression, trauma, or ADHD may be more prone to abuse drugs. “The combination of these two conditions has its own term: dual diagnosis, or co-occurring disorders,” says the National Alliance on Mental Illness. “It is possible for either problem (substance abuse or mental illness) to emerge first.” The co-occurring disorders of addiction and mental illness3 can exacerbate each other’s negative effects, sometimes leading teens to aggressive or high-risk behavior. When this happens, it’s doubtful that teens and their families will break this destructive cycle without professional help. In some circumstances, the supervision and immersion that residential rehab offers can be the best approach to start young people on the road to recovery.

Co-occurring disorders are particularly complex and require specialized treatment. For more information, see the following:

Poor Self-Esteem

Research shows that “adolescents without strong social supports would have tendency towards smoking and drug abuse,”4 and that a lack of said support can decrease self-esteem.

Low self-esteem in teens can lead to self-destructive behaviors. Teenagers are pressured to look and act a certain way5 by the media, bullies, and often by their families. If they don’t meet those expectations, their confidence can take a hit. Using drugs or alcohol may make them feel like they fit in, or quiet their feelings of inadequacy.

Teenagers—frequently girls—often become self-conscious about their bodies and may feel like they need to have a certain body type to fit in with their peers or to attract romantic interests. One study on young people’s use of prescription stimulants for weight loss6 sadly found that “nearly 12% of respondents reported using prescription stimulants to lose weight.” As a result, teens caught in this cycle may also develop disordered eating.

Family History of Substance Abuse

If a teenager is close to an adult who suffers from addiction, they may be more likely to develop a substance abuse disorder themselves. They may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with the stress of chaos in the household. Or perhaps they’re simply following examples set by older relatives. Some adolescents may even carry a stronger genetic predisposition to developing substance abuse disorders.7

What Are the Signs of Teen Substance Use?

If your teen is abusing drugs or alcohol, you’ve likely noticed some warning signs:

  • Dilated pupils or bloodshot eyes
  • Loss of coordination or slurred speech
  • Increased conflicts, aggression, or mood swings
  • Dishonesty
  • Withdrawing from family or friends
  • Changes in sleep habits or appetite
  • Lost interest in hobbies or other activities
  • A shift in their social circle
  • The smell of alcohol or marijuana
  • Finding alcohol or medication missing from the home
  • Drug paraphernalia such as a pipe, empty pill containers

It can be difficult to tell if this is merely a phase or if your teen is on the way to addiction. If you notice any of these indicators of substance abuse in your teen, it may be wise to begin researching treatment options or talking to a professional who can help.

Do You Need Your Minor’s Consent to Enroll Them in Treatment?

Whether or not parents or guardians can forcibly admit their child to rehab varies by state.8 In most U.S. states, minors under the age of 18 can be taken to rehab without their consent. State laws also vary depending on the following factors:

Level of care provided: Is the program you’re considering inpatient, outpatient, or a partial hospitalization program (PHP)?

Type of facility: Is the center you’re considering a mental health treatment center, drug rehabilitation center, or dual diagnosis treatment center?

Researching the protocols in your state, and talking to a rehab admissions team member, can help you determine the best course of action for your family.

For more information, see our frequently asked questions regarding involuntary rehab.

Specialized Treatments for Teens

Some program features are more commonly found at rehabs for teens and young adults. These aim to address problems that people at this age often face, and relate to them in a way that makes sense for their lived experience at this stage.

Gender-Specific Programs

Rehab programs in this age group are often gender-segregated. While this isn’t always necessary, it can offer a few advantages:

Reducing distraction: Recovery is a vulnerable process, and rehab clients can be more susceptible to developing attractions that can disrupt their treatment experience. This may be especially true for teens, for whom social interactions are of primary importance. Same-gender housing and shared spaces allows clients to focus fully on themselves for the duration of their time in rehab.

Working through gender-specific issues: These programs provide space for young people to address gender-based traumas or other concerns that more commonly affect people of their gender.

Strengthening bonds: Clients might have an easier time making friends with recovery peers who share this aspect of their experience.
Some teens may benefit more from treatment in a setting where they may learn from people of different backgrounds and life experiences. Coed programs may also offer more opportunities to practice their skills in settings that more closely resemble their larger community. What’s important is choosing a program that makes your teen feel emotionally safe, while introducing them to experiences that foster growth.

Eating Disorder Treatment

Adolescents can be especially vulnerable to eating disorders. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, as many as 1 in 10 young women in the U.S. suffer from an eating disorder.9

Furthermore, one study on substance abuse among women with anorexia10 reports that approximately 50% of people with eating disorders misuse alcohol or illegal substances. Eating disorders and substance addiction actually have several risk factors in common: family history, low self-esteem, brain chemistry, depression, and stress. Many teen and young adult rehabs offer programs that treat clients who have one or both of these conditions.

Recreational and Adventure Therapies

It’s common for teen and young adult treatment programs to place a strong emphasis on activities-based experiential therapies. Activities you’ll often find at these programs range from outdoor excursions that test participants’ limits, to learning life skills through gardening, to expressing creativity through music and art.

While these are more fun and engaging for young people than traditional talk therapy alone, they also provide important opportunities for them to connect with themselves and put new skills into practice.

Young people in these programs can discover what it’s like to feel good in healthy ways, through things like learning a new sport or spending time in nature. Behavioral health experts agree that this can have a long-term influence on their sobriety and health. According to one study of teen rehab clients’ long-term outcomes, “continued physical health for recovered teenage drug users11 is critical…because it may improve the success of rehabilitation.”

Family Counseling

Adolescent drug misuse affects the entire family. That’s why, according to specialists studying the impact of substance abuse on families,12 “treating only the individual with the active disease of addiction is limited in effectiveness.” When clients have supportive parents, siblings, or other family members, it’s critical that they participate in the healing process.

Adolescent rehab programs typically provide some form of family counseling, which many clients find beneficial to their treatment experience. Sometimes, loved ones join treatment sessions through video conferencing. Other rehabs invite family members to stay with clients for a short time during the program. And programs may offer an arrangement where family members can stay onsite or nearby and participate in addiction education workshops and other activities alongside their teen.

Some rehabs may restrict clients’ communication with others outside their treatment plan. Cell phone use is frequently limited or banned during treatment in some programs. Others may restrict calls or visits at the start of the program, but allow outside interaction once a certain amount of time has passed. If maintaining contact with your child during treatment is important to you, make sure to ask your rehab about their policy on device use and communication.

Exploring New Opportunities for Healing

Adolescence is a formative time. Teens will gradually learn more about themselves as they grow, defining their identities, aspirations, values, and desires. Connecting them to appropriate help when challenges arise is vital.

Substance abuse disorders are serious for people of any age. Exploring the different treatment programs available to your teens is a great place to start the healing process. For information including treatments offered, client experiences, staff qualifications and more, search teen and young adult rehabs here.