Category: Substances

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How Long Is Rehab? 5 Factors That Determine Your Treatment Timeline

When researching treatment options, one of the first questions that comes up is how long rehab programs last. You’ll find programs ranging from 30 days to 6 months or longer, which can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to make decisions about care.

Treatment duration isn’t the same for everyone because specific needs vary significantly between individuals. Someone addressing a short-term mental health episode may have different timing requirements than someone working through a severe eating disorder. Co-occurring mental health conditions, previous treatment history, and the severity of addiction all influence how long treatment takes.

The most common program lengths are 30, 60, and 90 days, though some people benefit from shorter intensive programs while others need extended care lasting several months. Research suggests that longer treatment periods generally lead to better outcomes, but the optimal length depends on your specific circumstances and treatment goals.

This guide examines standard rehab durations and what makes each timeframe effective for different situations. You’ll learn about the factors that influence treatment length and how clinical teams determine appropriate program duration.

Understanding these elements can help you work with your healthcare provider to choose the treatment options that align with your needs, insurance coverage, and recovery goals. The right program length is one that provides an adequate length of time to build sustainable recovery skills.

Standard Rehab Program Lengths

The most common residential treatment durations1 each offer distinct advantages depending on your recovery needs and circumstances.

30-Day Programs 

30-day programs are the standard length for many residential treatment centers. These programs focus on treating drug or alcohol addiction symptoms, addressing underlying mental health issues, and establishing the foundation for healthy lifestyle changes. If you need detox, they may refer you to a specialized detox center or offer it onsite.

During this timeframe, you’ll participate in intensive group and individual therapy, learn coping strategies, and work on identifying triggers and relapse prevention techniques. A lot of patients find 30-day programs highly effective. But some people choose to extend their stay if they feel they need more time to build stability and confidence before returning to their daily environment.

60-Day Programs

60-day programs allow for deeper therapeutic work. This extended timeframe provides more opportunities to practice new coping skills, work through unresolved trauma or other mental health issues, and strengthen sobriety skills. Many people find that the second month of treatment is when significant breakthroughs occur in therapy.

These programs often include more comprehensive family involvement and begin preparing for the transition back to daily life. The additional time allows for gradual skill-building and can help you identify potential triggers or challenges you might face after leaving treatment. This duration strikes a balance between intensive care and practical time constraints.

90-Day Programs

90-day programs are often considered the gold standard in drug addiction treatment. Some research indicates that longer treatment programs are associated with better long-term outcomes and lower relapse rates.2 This timeframe allows for complete stabilization, thorough exploration of underlying issues, and more extensive practice of recovery skills.

During the third month, many programs focus on real-world application of skills learned in treatment. You’ll have time to work through multiple challenges and setbacks within a supportive environment. Extended programs also provide more opportunities for family therapy and rebuilding relationships damaged by addiction.

Factors That Determine Rehab Length 

1. Severity of Addiction

The complexity and severity of your addiction significantly influences how long substance abuse treatment takes.3 People with long-term substance use patterns or multiple addictions typically need more time for stabilization and recovery skill development. 

Research shows that more severe addiction patterns often require longer initial treatment4 and extended continuing care. Greater severity is also associated with more intense withdrawal symptoms and higher risk for medical complications, which can extend the stabilization phase before therapeutic work begins effectively.

Behavioral addictions like gambling, gaming, or compulsive shopping can be equally complex and may require extended treatment to address underlying triggers and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Eating disorders also require specialized care5 and often need longer treatment durations due to their complex medical and psychological components.

2. Mental Health Considerations 

Co-occurring mental health disorders (also known as dual diagnosis) often require additional treatment time. Conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, or bipolar disorder need integrated care alongside addiction treatment. Childhood trauma, recent traumatic events, or other trauma histories may necessitate specialized therapies6 that extend program duration.

3. Chronic Relapse

Previous treatment attempts also influence length recommendations. People who have experienced multiple relapses may benefit from longer drug rehab programs7 to identify what didn’t work previously and develop more robust prevention strategies. 

The good news is, each treatment episode provides valuable information about what approaches are most effective for your specific situation.

If you’ve experienced multiple treatment attempts, learn more about specialized approaches in our guide to breaking the cycle of chronic relapse.

4. Personal Circumstances 

Your support system at home determines a lot about your recovery. Strong family support and stable housing may allow for shorter residential stays with transition to outpatient rehab. On the other hand, chaotic home environments or relationships that enable addictive behaviors may require longer residential treatment and careful discharge planning. 

Work and financial considerations can affect which program you select, though many employers offer leave protections and insurance providers typically cover medically necessary treatment. Legal requirements, such as court-ordered treatment, may mandate specific program lengths. These factors should be balanced with your treatment team’s recommendations for optimal outcomes.

5. Your Treatment Response and Progress

Individual healing timelines vary significantly, even among people with similar presentations. Some people achieve stability quickly and gain strong recovery skills early in treatment. Others need more time to engage with the recovery process or work through their resistance to change in the early stages of sobriety.

Your clinical team should thoroughly assess you when you arrive at rehab and, throughout treatment, help determine how ready you are to transition between care levels. Factors like medication stabilization, therapy engagement, family involvement, and developing recovery skills all influence these decisions. The goal is to ensure you have adequate tools and support before stepping down to less intensive care.

Types of Rehab and Their Typical Durations

Residential or Inpatient Rehab

Residential treatment programs typically range from 30–90 days, with some extending to 6 months or longer for complex cases. These programs provide 24/7 medical supervision and a highly structured environment that removes you from triggers and stressors in daily life. The immersive nature of these programs allows for faster skill development and medical stabilization.

Experts often recommend residential care for people with severe addictions,8 multiple failed outpatient treatment attempts, co-occurring medical conditions, or less stable home environments. A longer stay at a residential rehab facility might be helpful if you have complex trauma or multiple addictions.

Partial Hospitalization Programs

Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) typically last 2–4 weeks to several months, depending on your needs. These programs provide day treatment services 5–7 days per week, offering more intensity than traditional outpatient care while allowing you to return home evenings and weekends.

PHPs are a bridge between inpatient treatment and outpatient care. They can be especially beneficial for people who need medical monitoring, medication adjustments, or intensive therapy, but don’t require 24-hour supervision. The schedule allows for gradual reintegration into daily life while maintaining therapeutic support and structure during the most vulnerable period of early recovery.

Intensive Outpatient Programs 

Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) commonly last 3–6 months, meeting 3–5 days per week for 3–4 hours per session. This format allows you to maintain work, school, or family responsibilities while receiving substantial treatment support. IOPs often serve as step-down care after residential treatment or as primary treatment for people with strong support systems.

The extended timeline in outpatient settings allows for more practice of recovery skills. You can apply what you learn in therapy to real-world situations and work through challenges with the support of your treatment team. This approach bridges the gap between intensive treatment and independently maintaining your recovery.

The Science Behind Treatment Duration 

Understanding the biological and psychological processes involved in recovery helps explain why certain treatment lengths are more effective than others.

Brain Healing and Neuroplasticity

Addiction creates lasting changes in brain chemistry and neural pathways, particularly in areas responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and reward processing. Research shows that the brain begins healing within days of stopping substance use,9 but significant structural and functional recovery can take months to years.

In recovery, neural pathways associated with craving and compulsive behaviors gradually weaken over time, while areas responsible for executive functioning strengthen. This neuroplasticity process9 is part of why longer treatment periods often lead to better outcomes—they provide time for both brain healing and the development of new, healthier neural patterns through repeated practice of recovery skills and behaviors.

Breaking Cycles and Forming New Habits

Popular culture often references the “21-day rule” for habit formation, but research shows that complex behavior change takes much longer.10 

Addiction involves deeply ingrained patterns that extend beyond simple habits to include emotional regulation, social behaviors, and stress responses. Breaking these complex cycles requires time to identify triggers, practice new responses, and build confidence in using different coping strategies. 

This involves unlearning automatic responses while simultaneously developing new skills—which is why intensive treatment periods are more effective than brief interventions for most people with more severe addictions.

What to Expect When Working with Treatment Professionals 

When you contact a treatment center, they’ll start with an assessment to understand your situation. This involves talking with counselors and medical staff about your addiction history, mental health, any medical issues, and your home life. They use this information to figure out what type of treatment might work best and how long you might need to stay.

Good treatment centers will include you in these discussions. They’ll ask about your goals, what you’re comfortable with, and practical things like work or family responsibilities. As you go through treatment, they should check in regularly to see how you’re doing and adjust the plan if needed.

Quality vs. Quantity

Length of stay alone doesn’t determine how effective your treatment is. What’s more important is the quality of care, including evidence-based therapies, qualified staff, and comprehensive services. A well-designed 30-day recovery program with excellent aftercare planning may be more effective than a longer program with less therapeutic effectiveness.

When you’re looking at programs, pay attention to what types of therapy they use. Look for places that use proven methods like evidence-based therapies and trauma-informed care. The best programs don’t just focus on addiction—they also help with mental health, physical health, family issues, and relational skills. They should also have a clear plan for supporting you after you leave treatment.

What Happens After Initial Rehab 

Recovery doesn’t end when formal treatment concludes. Continuing care planning is essential for maintaining progress and preventing relapse. This typically includes ongoing therapy sessions, support group participation, regular medical follow-ups, and sometimes sober living arrangements.

Sober living homes provide a transitional environment where you can practice recovery skills while gradually resuming independence. These residences typically require 3–12 months of participation and provide structure, peer support, and accountability during early addiction recovery.

Long-term sobriety involves creating a lifestyle that sustainably supports your recovery. This includes building healthy relationships, finding meaningful activities, learning to manage stress effectively, and having a plan for handling potential relapse triggers. Many people benefit from ongoing therapy or support groups for months or years after initial treatment. The key is creating a recovery plan that evolves with you over time.

Find the Right Program for You

Finding the right treatment program length for yourself or a loved one is an important decision that deserves careful consideration with qualified professionals. Recovery.com connects you with treatment centers that offer personalized care and evidence-based programs. Search for accredited facilities in your area and take the first step on your recovery journey today.

FAQs

Q: How long do you normally go to rehab for? 

A: Most people attend residential rehab centers for 30–90 days, followed by outpatient care lasting 3–6 months or longer.

Q: Why is rehab 90 days? 

A: Research shows that longer programs provide sufficient time for brain healing, skill development, and behavior change, leading to better long-term outcomes.

Q: What factors determine the length of a rehab program? 

A: The severity of substance use disorders, mental health conditions, previous treatment history, support systems, and individual treatment response all influence the length of treatment.

Q: How long does rehab last for different substances? 

A: While treatment principles are similar across substances, some may require longer detoxification periods or specialized approaches that can affect overall duration.

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What Is End-Stage Alcoholism? 9 Critical Signs and How to Get Help

“End-stage alcoholism” is a non-clinical term used to describe the most severe and advanced phase of long-term alcohol use disorder (AUD). While this term isn’t officially recognized in diagnostic manuals, it’s commonly used to refer to the point at which chronic alcohol misuse has led to serious, often life-threatening health issues. Without treatment, alcohol abuse can cause irreversible physical and mental health issues. The longer you drink, the greater your risk of reaching this stage.

If your drinking is causing serious health problems, it may be time to seek medical care. It’s also a good idea to look into treatment programs that can help you recover from addiction. 

But how do doctors identify when someone has reached this critical stage of addiction?

Diagnosis of End-Stage Alcoholism

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common mental health conditions in the U.S. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, over 28 million people aged 12 or older had AUD1 in 2022. This chronic, progressive disease can be fatal in its most severe form, but that doesn’t happen overnight. End-stage alcoholism typically follows years of untreated or poorly managed alcohol addiction.

Defining Alcohol Addiction

Addiction to alcohol is different than regular social drinking. People with AUD continue to drink even when alcohol negatively impacts their lives. If you’re worried that you might have an alcohol dependency, a mental health or addiction professional can give you a diagnosis.

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) outlines the criteria for diagnosing AUD.2 These include:

  • Spending excessive time obtaining, using, and recovering from alcohol
  • Drinking repeatedly interferes with your work, school, or family responsibilities
  • You keep drinking despite knowing it’s causing physical, emotional, and social problems
  • Failed attempts to reduce or quit drinking
  • Cravings or withdrawals when you try to stop

If you meet at least 2 of these criteria within a 12-month period, you may be diagnosed with AUD. Having multiple symptoms over many years increases your risk of progressing to end-stage alcoholism.

Reaching End-Stage Alcohol Addiction

People in this phase have typically had severe AUD for a long time, with mounting health issues.

When you have late-stage AUD, alcohol consumption causes increasingly serious problems. You may need continuous medical care for chronic health conditions and could develop new neurological symptoms.

By definition, end-stage alcoholism is life-threatening. Although recovery is possible, it often requires intensive and long-term treatment.

How Long Does End-Stage Alcoholism Last Before Death?

The short answer is, it depends. End-stage alcoholism usually comes with at least one serious health problem, like liver damage or brain issues. Each health problem is different. Some can be treated or even get better with the right medical care. For example, certain brain problems from heavy drinking can improve if they’re caught early. Others, like severe liver scarring, may need lifelong treatment.

Estimates suggest that end-stage complications like alcoholic cardiomyopathy and cirrhosis significantly reduce life expectancy,3 especially without treatment. Outcomes get better with early intervention and comprehensive care.

What Are the Symptoms of End-Stage Alcoholism?

The symptoms of end-stage alcoholism can look very different from person to person. It depends on what health problems you have. Some symptoms only show up in the final stage of alcohol addiction. Others might start earlier or even happen to people who don’t drink as heavily.

These symptoms tend to indicate severe or life-threatening complications:

  1. Yellowing skin (jaundice)
  2. Swollen legs or feet
  3. Dementia or confusion
  4. Cardiovascular problems (e.g., arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy)
  5. Trouble breathing
  6. Low blood pressure
  7. Poor muscle coordination
  8. Tremor
  9. Memory issues

These symptoms are also serious, but can occur at various stages of AUD:

  • Fever
  • Shaking
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Poor nutrition and vitamin deficiencies
  • Digestive problems
  • High blood pressure
  • Bruising easily
  • Lower alcohol tolerance

    These may signal underlying damage to your liver, brain, or other vital organs. While they’re not all exclusive to end-stage alcoholism, they often worsen as the disease progresses. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, get medical care right away.

    What Are the Health Effects of End-Stage Alcoholism?

    Alcohol weakens the immune system,4 making the body more vulnerable to illness and disease. Long-term alcohol abuse can lead to severe, sometimes irreversible, health issues. If you’re diagnosed with any of the following conditions, alcohol addiction treatment should be part of your care plan.

    Cirrhosis

    The liver filters toxins, including alcohol, from the bloodstream. Prolonged alcohol misuse overworks this organ and causes progressive damage:

    • Stage 1: Fatty liver disease5 – Excess fat builds up in the liver.
    • Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis6 – The liver becomes inflamed. This stage can be reversed with immediate treatment and abstinence.
    • Stage 3: Cirrhosis – Irreversible liver scarring. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “cirrhosis may eventually lead to liver failure, also called end-stage liver disease.”7

    Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

    Sometimes referred to as “wet brain,” this neurological condition often appears in people with chronic AUD because of a severe deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine):

    • Wernicke’s encephalopathy – Causes confusion, low blood pressure, and coordination issues.
    • Korsakoff syndrome – Leads to amnesia, vision problems, and severe memory loss.

    Without treatment, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome8 can become disabling or fatal. Recovery is possible but often incomplete.

    Pancreatitis

    Up to 25% of pancreatitis cases are linked to AUD.9 This condition inflames and destroys tissues in the pancreas, resulting in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Acute cases might resolve with care, but chronic pancreatitis is harder to treat and more dangerous.

    Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

    Chronic alcohol abuse increases your risk of various forms of heart disease, including a specific condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM).10 This condition results directly from alcohol abuse. It involves inflammation and weakening of the heart muscle, which may mimic symptoms of heart failure. Treatment usually begins with complete abstinence.

    Cancer

    The CDC emphasizes that “the less alcohol you drink, the lower your risk for cancer.”11 Alcohol use increases the risk of liver, breast, throat, and colon cancers. While quitting alcohol lowers your risk, it may take years for your body to recover.

    What Are the Treatments for End-Stage Alcoholism?

    This stage can look very different from one person to the next. You may experience one or multiple alcohol-related illnesses. The right alcoholism treatment depends on your unique diagnosis and health goals.

    Medical Detox

    For those physically dependent on alcohol, detox is an essential first step. Without medical supervision, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be fatal.

    Detox programs usually last a few days to 2 weeks. During this time, you’ll receive care from doctors and nurses, along with medications to ease withdrawal symptoms. Most centers require a longer-term treatment plan before starting detox.

    Residential Rehab

    In late-stage alcoholism, rehab programs that include medical care are often necessary. Residential treatment helps address both physical symptoms and emotional healing.

    Inpatient programs typically last several weeks to months, with aftercare options like intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) or sober living homes available afterward.

    Ongoing Medical Care

    Chronic illnesses like cirrhosis often require lifelong management. According to Chief of Hepatology for the VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Timothy Morgan, MD, “Cessation of alcohol is necessary to treat alcoholic liver disease.”12 Even with sobriety, some symptoms may persist.

    Support Groups

    In any stage of addiction and recovery, social support can help you heal from AUD.13 You may benefit from family therapy, peer support, or attending 12-Step groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). 

    This is especially important for people with end-stage alcoholism. After many years of substance abuse, your addiction can take a toll on your relationships. A quality treatment program might help you reconnect with loved ones or get to know others who can relate to your experience. 

    Supporting Families Through End-Stage Alcoholism

    When someone you love is living with end-stage alcoholism, it’s natural to feel overwhelmed. Their health struggles and ongoing substance use may test your emotional limits.

    You can’t force someone into recovery, but you can set healthy boundaries. Support groups like Al-Anon can help you manage your own well-being, as can attending family therapy or individual therapy on your own. Children in the household may also benefit from counseling and support.

    Find Effective Treatment for Alcoholism

    End-stage alcohol addiction affects your mental and physical health, as well as those around you. Even if your condition requires ongoing management, quitting alcohol and getting medical treatment now can greatly improve your quality of life.

    If you or someone you love is ready to take the next step, reach out to a trusted rehab center to explore your options.

    FAQs

    Q: What is the life expectancy for someone with end-stage alcoholism?

    A: Life expectancy varies greatly depending on your specific health conditions and whether you stop drinking alcohol completely. Your healthcare team can provide a more accurate prognosis based on your individual situation and how well you follow your treatment plan.

    Q: What are the stages of alcoholism and how do I know which stage I’m in?

    A: Alcoholism progresses from early-stage (drinking to cope, binge drinking episodes, occasional blackouts) to middle-stage (frequent drinking, relationship problems) to end-stage (severe health complications, daily drinking). If you’re unsure which stage applies to you, seek a professional assessment from an alcohol addiction specialist.

    Q: What happens when your body shuts down from alcohol?

    A: Multiple organ systems begin to fail, including your liver (which can’t filter toxins), heart (which pumps less effectively), and brain (causing confusion, memory problems, or seizures). If you experience symptoms like yellowing skin, severe confusion, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical care immediately.

    Q: How is end-stage alcoholism diagnosed?

    A: End-stage alcoholism is a non-clinical term that describes advanced alcohol use disorder (AUD). Diagnosis is provided by a professional via a thorough assessment. 

    Q: What are the health effects of end-stage alcoholism?

    A: It can cause cirrhosis, brain damage, pancreatitis, heart failure, and cancer. These conditions may be life-threatening and typically require long-term care.

    Q: What are the treatment options for end-stage alcoholism?

    A: Treatment often begins with medical detox, followed by residential rehab. Long-term medical care, peer support, and family counseling can all be part of a comprehensive recovery plan.

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    Wellbriety: 4 Laws of Change That Guide an Indigenous Approach to Recovery

    Wellbriety is just what it sounds like — wellness and sobriety. The Wellbriety Movement supports Indigenous people in the process of addiction recovery. This holistic approach supports clients’ physical, mental, and spiritual healing.

    Origins of the Wellbriety Movement

    Don Coyhis, Mohican nation, founded the Wellbriety Movement in 1988.1 He began by teaching people the spiritual methods that helped him heal from alcohol addiction. Over time, these practices would help his daughter heal from meth addiction and grow into a nationwide movement empowering Indigenous communities.

    How Is Wellbriety Different From Traditional Programs?

    Wellbriety stands out from other recovery programs in several ways. This approach to recovery is open to Indigenous people nationwide. You can also learn from the movement’s published resources. 

    These teachings are available through White Bison, a nonprofit organization Don Coyhis founded in the 1980s. Based in Colorado Springs, White Bison offers free in-person and online meetings. According to their website, this organization is “dedicated to creating and sustaining a grassroots Wellbriety Movement – providing culturally-based healing to the next seven generations of Indigenous People.” 

    Coyhis’ philosophy marries several different traditions. For example, members of the Wellbriety Movement follow the Medicine Wheel 12 Steps.2 This framework combines Indigenous spiritual beliefs with the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous.

    White Bison and the Wellbriety Movement address an urgent need. While drug and alcohol addiction, trauma, and mental health issues can affect anyone, they’re especially prevalent in Indigenous communities. The Red Road, another nonprofit supporting Native communities, notes the scope of this problem: “Despite only representing 2% of the U.S. population, Native Americans have the highest rates of alcohol,3 marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogen use disorders and the second highest methamphetamine abuse rates.”

    Cultural Values

    Wellbriety encourages people to heal from addictions by committing to shared cultural values. Many of White Bison’s principles4 direct communities to support each other. For example, they believe that “healing will take place through the application of cultural and spiritual knowledge.” This and other principles inform their holistic approach. In recovery, members come into alignment with themselves, their communities, and the natural world. 

    Spiritual Focus

    Spirituality is central to the Wellbriety Movement. Members believe in a Supreme Being and follow the teachings of community leaders. Many Wellbriety practices honor the Sacred Hoop, which holds great spiritual significance. In 1995, Indigenous Elders met in a sweat lodge and formed it out of a sapling. Since that time, the Sacred Hoop has traveled more than 200,000 miles around the U.S., connecting White Bison leaders with Indigenous communities.

    Physical and Mental Health

    Wellbriety encompasses both physical and mental health. Certain activities address both these goals at the same time. For instance, several studies show that drumming has powerful physical and emotional benefits.5 Partly for that reason, Wellbriety meetings often include drum circles.6 This practice also has spiritual meaning.

    Wellbriety and the 4 Laws of Change 

    Among other principles, the Wellbriety Movement follows 4 laws of change.7 Coyhis received these laws from an Elder in the 1980s. Today, they are pillars of White Bison’s work. 

    1. Change Is From Within

    This law, Coyhis explains, “means that we must have an internal desire to make changes in our lives.” Only the person with an addiction can commit to recovery. That commitment can’t come from a loved one, or even from your whole community. But when you cultivate an inner desire to heal, you can accomplish remarkable things.

    2. In Order for Development To Occur It Must Be Preceded by a Vision

    Members of the Wellbriety Movement begin by imagining what their lives would be like without substance abuse. As Coyhis puts it, “What would our lives, our community, or our nation look like if it were working in a good way?” This question invites people to start dreaming about a better future. Once you have a clear vision of your best possible life, you can start bringing it into reality. 

    3. A Great Learning Must Take Place

    This law frames the healing process as a communal effort. Coyhis says that recovery “must include the individual, the family, the community, and the nation acting as an integrated whole.” In most addiction treatment programs, holistic recovery combines the different aspects of the self. Wellbriety takes this a step further, seeking to integrate personal wellness with communal growth. 

    4. You Must Create a Healing Forest

    When it comes to addiction and mental health recovery, your environment is essential. Members of the Wellbriety Movement understand this through the metaphor of the healing forest:8

    Imagine a forest of damaged, dying trees. The sickness is in the air, the soil, and the water supply. It’s all around them. You notice one tree that seems especially unwell. You dig it up, move it, and plant it in rich soil. You give it water and sunlight and plant food, and it starts to thrive. When it’s ready, you bring it back to the original forest and replant it. Does that one tree heal the rest of the forest? No, of course not. Back in an unsupportive environment, it just gets sick again. 

    The forest is a metaphor for the way addiction, poverty, and intergenerational trauma affect Indigenous communities. White Bison teaches that while one person going to rehab or attending therapy can help, it’s not enough. Entire groups of people have to commit to recovering together, supporting each other throughout a complex healing process.

    Find Additional Resources and Support for Addiction Recovery

    White Bison supports Indigenous communities9 around the country. The nonprofit also trains and certifies residential centers in Indigenous treatment methods. If the Wellbriety Movement resonates with you, look for a rehab that offers this approach to recovery.

    Start your healing journey in a rehab that honors your culture.

    FAQs

    Q: What is the Wellbriety Movement?

    A: The Wellbriety Movement is a holistic recovery approach that supports Indigenous people in addiction recovery. Founded by Don Coyhis in 1988, it combines wellness and sobriety to support physical, mental, and spiritual healing using culturally-based methods.

    Q: Is Wellbriety part of AA?

    A: Wellbriety is not part of AA, but it incorporates AA principles. The movement follows the Medicine Wheel 12 Steps, which combines Indigenous spiritual beliefs with the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous.

    Q: What are the principles of Wellbriety?

    A: Wellbriety follows 4 laws of change: 

    1. Change is from within. 
    2. Development must be preceded by a vision.
    3. A great learning must take place.
    4. You must create a healing forest. 

    The movement also emphasizes cultural values, spiritual focus, and community healing for individual and collective well-being.

    Q: How does the Wellbriety program differ from a 12-Step recovery program?

    A: While Wellbriety incorporates principles of the 12-Step program, it differs by focusing specifically on Indigenous communities and integrating American Indian spiritual beliefs through the Medicine Wheel 12 Steps. It emphasizes community and cultural healing alongside individual recovery.

    Q: How does the Wellbriety approach incorporate Native American traditions in healing?

    A: Wellbriety incorporates traditions like talking circles, drum circles, sweat lodge ceremonies, and teachings from the Sacred Hoop. The approach honors Indigenous spiritual beliefs, follows guidance from community Elders, and emphasizes connection to the natural world and cultural knowledge.

    Q: How can I find Wellbriety meetings near me?

    A: White Bison, the nonprofit organization that supports the Wellbriety Movement, offers free in-person and online meetings. You can visit their website to find Wellbriety Circle meetings and resources in your area.

    Q: How can I get involved with the Wellbriety Movement?

    A: You can get involved by attending White Bison meetings, accessing their free online resources, or looking for rehab centers that offer Indigenous treatment methods. White Bison also trains and certifies residential centers in Wellbriety approaches.

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    How to Pay for Drug and Alcohol Rehab: Insurance, Financing, and Assistance Options

    The decision to go to rehab is life-changing, but concerns about costs can seem like a barrier to getting started—many people delay or avoid seeking treatment because they worry about how they’ll pay for it. The good news is that there are more payment options available today than ever before.

    Because of mental health parity laws and the Affordable Care Act, most insurance plans now cover addiction treatment as an essential health benefit. Beyond insurance, you might also have access to government programs, employer assistance, financing options, and scholarships.

    This guide will walk you through all your payment options, from insurance coverage to alternative financing, so you can focus on what matters most: getting the help you need.

    Health Insurance Options for Drug and Alcohol Rehab 

    All health insurance companies must cover addiction treatment1 to some extent. As a result, health insurance is one of the most popular ways to pay for rehab. Your exact coverage will depend on several factors, including your insurance company, your specific plan, and your health history. 

    Most rehabs have staff to help you verify your coverage and navigate insurance issues during the admissions process.

    Common Health Insurance Plans

    Health insurance companies typically offer multiple tiers of coverage.2 There are 2 especially common types of insurance plans: 

    • Health maintenance organization (HMO) plans cover services from providers in your care network. 
    • Preferred provider organization (PPO) plans have you pay less for providers in your network. Unlike HMOs, PPOs also let you use out-of-network providers for an additional cost. 

    In-Network vs. Out-Of-Network Providers

    A network is a group of providers3 that your insurance company contracts with, who offer their services at a set fee. But you’re not required to choose providers from that network: 

    In-network providers offer services at a discounted rate negotiated with your insurer and will normally accept your insurance to cover addiction treatment. However, your plan may or may not cover the specific therapies you need.

    Out-of-network providers don’t have contracted rates with your insurance company, often resulting in higher costs for you. Your plan might not cover any of their services, or may cover them at a reduced rate with higher out-of-pocket costs. If you’d like to attend an out-of-network rehab, make sure to ask the admissions team about their pricing options and what your insurance might cover.

    Insurance Limitations

    Most insurance plans have limitations on how much they’ll pay for treatment.4 This varies based on your exact policy, among other factors (see Factors That Influence Treatment Costs).

    Your plan may have eligibility requirements like pre-authorization and ongoing review to continue coverage based on your medical necessity and the progress you make in treatment. This means your insurance company will evaluate whether continued care is medically necessary as you move through different phases of recovery.

    Addiction treatment looks different for everyone, and it can require more than one level of care. And your insurance may cover some types of treatment, but not others.

    Medicaid and Medicare Coverage for Rehab 

    You can also pay for rehab using government-funded health insurance such as Medicaid or Medicare:

    • Medicaid covers a range of services5 including inpatient treatment, outpatient rehab programs, medications, and counseling for people with low income. However, coverage details depend on your state and specific plan, as each state administers its Medicaid program differently. 
    • Medicare covers substance abuse treatment for people 65 or older, as well as those with certain disabilities. This includes screenings, counseling, and medication-assisted treatment. Keep in mind that coverage details differ between Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage plans, so you’ll want to check your specific benefits. 

    Like private insurance, Medicare and Medicaid coverage varies based on your specific plan. Many of these plans cover a variety of treatment types:

    • Inpatient rehab
    • Outpatient treatment
    • Substance use and mental health screenings
    • Behavioral health care
    • Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs)
    • Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder 
    • Telehealth

    Navigating the Insurance Appeals Process

    Insurance denials for addiction treatment can be stressful. But thankfully, some denials can be successfully overturned through the appeals process. Here’s why claims often get denied and what you can do to appeal these decisions:

    Why Claims Get Denied

    These are the most common causes of denied claims for addiction treatment services:6

    • Medical necessity determinations occur when your insurance company argues that the level of care you’re seeking isn’t medically necessary for your condition.
    • Prior authorization issues happen when you start treatment without pre-approval, even if your plan covers addiction treatment.
    • Documentation problems can arise when treatment facilities don’t provide sufficient clinical information to justify your need for certain services. 
    • Coverage limitations may trigger denials if you’ve exceeded annual limits or chosen out-of-network providers without proper authorization.

    How to File an Appeal

    Internal appeals7 are your first step and must typically be filed within 60 days of receiving a denial notice—contact your insurance company to request appeal forms and gather all relevant medical documentation. 

    Documentation requirements may include: 

    • Detailed letters from your treatment provider explaining medical necessity
    • Clinical assessments showing condition severity
    • Evidence that less intensive care would be insufficient

    External appeals become available if your internal appeal is denied, involving independent medical reviewers not employed by your insurance company. Professional help from treatment center insurance advocates, patient advocacy organizations, or healthcare attorneys8 can make a big difference in complex cases or repeated denials.

    See more details in our guide to using insurance to pay for inpatient drug rehab.

    Financing Options and Payment Plans

    There are multiple options for paying for rehab without insurance or when insurance doesn’t cover the full cost of your treatment plan. Many treatment centers understand these situations and offer financing solutions to make care more accessible.

    Income-Based Pricing

    Some treatment centers offer sliding-scale fees9 based on your household income and family size, which can really reduce treatment costs for people with limited financial resources. These programs usually require documentation of your income and expenses, and are most commonly available at non-profit treatment centers, state-funded rehabs, and federally qualified health centers.

    Payment Plans

    Payment plans10 allow you to spread treatment costs over several months or years, making expensive residential programs more manageable for your budget. You’ll pay a fixed monthly amount until you reach the full price of treatment. 

    In-house payment plans offered directly by treatment centers often provide the most flexible terms, while third-party financing partnerships can provide immediate financing decisions through specialized healthcare lenders. These options are often worth exploring before considering higher-risk financing alternatives.

    Understand the payment plan terms before committing to any agreement. Interest rates can range from 0% for short-term plans to 10-30% for longer-term financing. Always read the fine print regarding late payment penalties and early payoff options.

    Medical Credit Cards and Healthcare Loans

    Medical credit cards often provide promotional 0% interest for 6-24 months, but if you don’t pay off the full balance by the end of the promotional period, you may be charged retroactive interest at rates of 25% or higher. Healthcare-specific loans typically have interest rates between 6-35% depending on your credit score.

    Note: These financing options can create significant debt burdens if not managed carefully. Only borrow what you can realistically repay, and be especially cautious of high-interest loans or cards with retroactive interest penalties.

    Personal Loans for Treatment

    Traditional banks offer personal loans with rates typically ranging from 6-15% for borrowers with excellent to good credit, while online lenders may charge 15-35% or higher for those with lower credit scores. The average personal loan rate across all credit types is around 21%, with some lenders charging rates up to 99%11 for the riskiest borrowers. 

    Credit requirements vary significantly between lenders, with banks typically requiring good credit scores (650+) and stable income for the best rates, while online lenders may have more flexible requirements but charge substantially higher interest rates.

    Be cautious of predatory lending: Some lenders target people in crisis with high-interest loans, excessive fees, or unfavorable terms. Research lenders thoroughly and compare multiple options before committing. For guidance on avoiding predatory lending, visit the Federal Trade Commission’s consumer guidance.

    Employer-Based Benefits and Assistance Programs

    If you need financial assistance for rehab, your employer might be able to help. Some companies can help you pay for treatment through benefits, financial assistance programs, and Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs).

    Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

    An EAP is a confidential program that provides assessments, counseling, and referrals to help employees work through life challenges, including alcohol and drug addiction. These programs promote health and wellness in the workplace. That means you won’t have to worry about the consequences of seeking treatment or taking time off for rehab.

    EAPs often provide short-term counseling and referrals but may not cover long-term residential treatment. They can offer resources to help you decide on the best path forward and connect you with appropriate care options, whether or not you need residential treatment.

    Employer-Based Benefits

    Many employers offer benefits like private health care. Some companies partner with major health insurance providers like BlueCross BlueShield or Aetna to provide health insurance for their employees. Employer-based health insurance may offer similar coverage options to private plans, including addiction treatment services covered under mental health parity requirements.

    Alternative and Creative Funding Solutions

    When conventional payment methods don’t cover the full cost of rehab, there are several creative approaches that many people successfully use to bridge the financial gap. These options require some effort and planning, but they’ve helped countless people access the care they need.

    Crowdfunding for Treatment

    Online crowdfunding has become an increasingly popular way to raise money for medical expenses,12 including addiction treatment. Platforms like GoFundMe, GiveForward, and similar sites allow you to create campaigns that loved ones and even strangers can contribute to.

    Creating an effective campaign requires thoughtful planning and honest storytelling. Share your story authentically, explaining why treatment is important to you and how it will impact your life. You can choose to include specific details about your treatment goals and costs, but maintain appropriate boundaries about personal information. Many successful campaigns include updates throughout the funding process and treatment journey, helping donors feel connected to your progress.

    Privacy considerations are important when crowdfunding for addiction treatment. You’ll need to decide how much personal information you’re comfortable sharing publicly, as these campaigns are often visible to anyone online. Some people choose to have a trusted family member or friend manage the campaign to maintain some privacy while still accessing this funding option.

    Community and Faith-Based Assistance

    Many communities have resources specifically designed to help members access healthcare, including addiction treatment. These programs often fly under the radar but can provide significant financial assistance.

    Religious organizations and churches may have benevolence funds or assistance programs for community members facing medical crises. Even if you’re not a regular attendee, many faith communities are willing to help those in need. Some larger religious organizations have specific funds dedicated to addiction recovery and mental health treatment.

    Local community foundations often provide grants for healthcare needs, including addiction treatment. These foundations usually serve specific geographic areas and may have application processes that consider your income, family situation, and treatment needs. You can contact the 211 helpline to learn about available programs in your area.

    Bartering and Work-Exchange Programs

    Some treatment facilities and healthcare providers offer arrangements on a case-by-case basis that may allow you to exchange skills or labor for reduced treatment costs.

    Working at treatment facilities is an option some addiction centers (usually longer-term residential programs or sober living facilities) offer. You might work in a support position in exchange for reduced fees. These arrangements often work best for people with extended stays who can contribute meaningful work while receiving care.

    Skills-based exchanges allow you to use your professional expertise to offset treatment costs. If you have skills in marketing, web design, accounting, construction, or other areas, some smaller treatment centers might be willing to negotiate reduced fees in exchange for your services. This approach may work better with independent practitioners or smaller facilities that need specific expertise.

    Understanding Treatment Costs and What Affects Them

    Before exploring rehab options, it helps to understand what drives treatment costs and what you can expect to pay. Addiction treatment prices vary widely based on a few main factors:

    Level of Care and Length of Stay

    Residential or inpatient treatment provides 24-hour care and is typically the most expensive option, ranging from $6,000 to $60,000 or more for stays of 30 to 90 days. Standard residential programs usually cost $6,000 to $20,000 for 30 days, while luxury facilities can charge $40,000 to $60,000 or more for the same duration. Extended stays increase these costs. These programs include housing, meals, round-the-clock staff support, individual and group therapy, and structured activities.

    Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) bridge the gap between inpatient and outpatient care, typically costing $350 to $450 per day. These programs provide intensive treatment during daytime hours while allowing you to return home each evening. A typical PHP lasting 2 to 4 weeks would cost approximately $5,000 to $12,000.

    Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) allow you to receive substantial treatment while living at home, typically costing $3,000 to $10,000 for a complete program. IOPs generally require 10 to 20 hours of treatment per week for 6 to 12 weeks. The cost variation depends on program length, session frequency, and included services such as individual therapy or medication management.

    Standard outpatient treatment offers the most affordable option, ranging from $1,400 to $10,000 depending on the duration and intensity of services. Basic outpatient programs with weekly group sessions may cost as little as $1,400 for several months of treatment, while comprehensive programs that include individual therapy, family sessions, and psychiatric services can reach $10,000 or more.

    Geographic Location

    Location plays a major role in the price of treatment. Urban areas and regions with higher costs of living typically charge more for treatment services. For example, residential treatment in California or New York can cost significantly more than similar programs in rural areas or states with lower living costs. But higher-priced locations don’t always mean better care—it’s possible to find high-quality quality programs across all price ranges.

    Facilities and Amenities

    Luxury rehabs with resort-style accommodation, spa-like amenities, and gourmet dining charge premium rates. While these extras can make the treatment experience more comfortable, they’re not necessary for effective recovery. Look for facilities accredited by organizations like The Joint Commission or CARF (Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities), which indicates quality standards regardless of amenities.

    Staff-to-Patient Ratio

    Programs with lower ratios—meaning more staff per patient—charge more but may also provide more individualized attention and specialized care. Higher ratios often mean more group-based treatment, which can still be highly effective but costs less to deliver.

    Specialized Services 

    Additional services might add significant costs, but may be essential for your recovery. Medical detox provides 24-hour medical supervision of withdrawal symptoms and is often medically necessary for safe withdrawal from opioid, benzo, or alcohol addiction. Medication reviews and management by psychiatrists or addiction medicine specialists are crucial for many people but may cost extra beyond basic treatment programs.

    Emerging therapies like ketamine-assisted therapy or other psychedelic treatments are increasingly available but remain expensive, often costing $500–$1,500 per session.

    Hidden Costs to Consider

    Unfortunately, many people are unaware of the additional expenses that accompany addiction treatment, which can add up to thousands of dollars to your total investment.

    For family members, transportation and lodging costs can be substantial if your treatment center is far from home. Family members may need to take time off work and pay for hotels, meals, and transportation to family therapy sessions or visiting days. If you’re traveling across the country for specialized treatment, factor in airfare and extended lodging costs for family members who want to participate in your recovery journey.

    Lost wages during treatment are a significant hidden cost that many people overlook. Even with job protection under the Family and Medical Leave Act, most treatment time is unpaid. A month in residential treatment could mean losing at least a month’s income. Some people need to arrange for childcare or eldercare during treatment, which adds to the expenses.

    Aftercare and continuing care are vital to long-term recovery but often aren’t included in primary treatment costs. Ongoing individual therapy may cost $100 to $200 per session, sober living arrangements can cost $1,500 to $2,00013 or more per month, and outpatient programs for continuing care add hundreds or thousands more to your recovery investment.

    Medication costs might be an ongoing expense after treatment ends. Medications for mental health conditions, medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, or other prescribed drugs can cost hundreds of dollars monthly, especially if not fully covered by insurance. Some people also invest in alternative therapies, nutritional supplements, or wellness programs to support their recovery.

    These additional therapies and supports aren’t necessarily a bad thing—many of them are important investments in your long-term recovery. But it helps to be aware of them so you can plan your rehab budget accordingly.

    Planning for Long-Term Recovery Costs

    Recovery doesn’t end when you complete your initial treatment program. Ongoing recovery is equally important for maintaining long-term sobriety. Planning for these costs upfront helps you budget effectively and avoid financial stress that could impact your recovery.

    Ongoing Treatment Expenses

    Continuing therapy and counseling represent one of the most important long-term investments in your recovery. Individual therapy sessions typically cost $100 to $200 per session, and many people benefit from weekly or bi-weekly sessions for months or years after completing primary treatment. Group therapy and support meetings may cost $20 to $50 per session, offering more affordable ongoing support options.

    Medication-assisted treatment costs can be substantial for people recovering from opioid addiction or those managing co-occurring mental health conditions. Medications like buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone may cost $200 to $500 monthly, depending on your insurance coverage and pharmacy benefits. Psychiatric medications for depression, anxiety, or other mental health conditions can add another $50 to $300 monthly to your recovery budget.

    Sober living provides structured housing for people transitioning from residential treatment back to independent living. These facilities typically cost $500 to $2,000 per month, depending on location and amenities. While this represents a significant ongoing expense, sober living environments offer valuable peer support and accountability during the vulnerable early months of recovery.

    Building Financial Stability in Recovery

    Creating a recovery budget should include both ongoing treatment costs and your usual living expenses. Start by tracking your essential recovery expenses, like therapy, medications, support group meetings, and transportation to appointments. Factor in potential income changes if addiction has affected your employment, and plan for gradually increasing your earning capacity as your recovery strengthens.

    Emergency funds for treatment needs are essential when unexpected challenges arise in recovery. Set aside money for bumping up therapy sessions if you need extra support or temporary increases in medication costs. Having $1,000 to $3,000 available for recovery-related emergencies can prevent financial stress from interfering with your progress.

    Building financial stability often requires patience and strategic planning. Recovery may initially impact your earning capacity, but it also eliminates the enormous costs of active drug abuse. Many people find that the money they once spent on substances can be redirected toward building savings, paying down debt, and investing in their long-term health and well-being.

    Your Health Is Worth It: Take a Step Toward Recovery Today 

    Paying for addiction treatment can seem overwhelming, but there are plenty of options available to make recovery possible. Start by exploring multiple options and creating a plan that works for your specific situation.

    Treatment is an investment in your future health, relationships, and quality of life. You can take the first steps by researching treatment options and their payment policies. Many facilities have financial counselors who can help you navigate insurance, apply for assistance programs, and create payment plans that fit your budget.

    Ready to take the next step? Use our search tool to find a rehab that accepts your insurance, and talk to their admissions team about getting the help you need.

    FAQs

    Q: What are the different health insurance plans for drug and alcohol rehab?

    A: Health insurance plans for rehab typically include health maintenance organization (HMO) and preferred provider organization (PPO) options. HMO plans cover services within your care network, while PPO plans offer the flexibility to use out-of-network providers for an additional cost. 

    Q: Does insurance cover out-of-network rehab providers?

    A: Out-of-network providers are not contracted with your insurance company, so coverage varies by plan type. PPO plans may cover some costs for out-of-network providers, but HMO plans generally do not unless it’s an emergency.

    Q: What government assistance programs can be used to pay for rehab?

    A: You can use government-funded health insurance programs like Medicaid and Medicare to pay for rehab services. Medicaid covers mental health and substance use disorder services for people with low or no income, while Medicare provides coverage for substance abuse treatment for people aged 65 or older.

    Q: Are there payment plans for rehab?

    A: Yes, many treatment centers offer payment plans that allow you to pay for treatment over time with fixed monthly amounts. Keep in mind that payment plans may include interest charges, which increases the total cost if payments are extended over a longer period.

    Q: How to get funding for rehab?

    A: Start by checking your insurance coverage, then explore government programs like Medicaid or Medicare if you qualify. Additional funding sources include employer assistance programs, scholarships and grants from organizations like SAMHSA, community and faith-based initiatives, crowdfunding, and treatment center financing options.

    Q: How much does drug and alcohol rehab cost?

    A: Treatment costs vary widely based on the type and location of care. Residential treatment ranges from $6,000 to $60,000+ for 30-90 days, intensive outpatient programs cost $3,000 to $10,000, standard outpatient rehab runs $1,400 to $10,000, and partial hospitalization programs cost $350 to $450 per day.

    Q: What financial assistance options are available for drug and alcohol rehab?

    A: Financial assistance includes insurance coverage, Medicaid and Medicare, employer assistance programs (EAPs), income-based sliding scale fees, scholarships and grants, crowdfunding, community and faith-based recovery support, and work-exchange arrangements. Many treatment centers also offer their own financial assistance programs for qualifying patients.

    Q: What are the options for financing drug and alcohol rehab?

    A: Financing options include treatment center payment plans, medical credit cards, personal loans from banks or online lenders, healthcare-specific loans, family loans, and using retirement funds through 401k loans or hardship withdrawals. Some centers partner with third-party financing companies to offer additional options.

    Q: Can insurance cover the cost of drug and alcohol rehab?

    A: Yes, all health insurance companies are required to cover addiction treatment to some extent due to mental health parity laws and the Affordable Care Act. Coverage varies by plan, but most insurance covers inpatient treatment, outpatient programs, counseling, and medication-assisted treatment as essential health benefits.

    Q: What insurance plans cover drug and alcohol rehab?

    A: Both HMO and PPO plans cover addiction treatment, along with government insurance like Medicaid and Medicare. Employer-based insurance plans typically offer similar coverage to private plans, and all must include addiction treatment under mental health parity requirements, though specific coverage details vary by individual plan.

    Q: How to pay bills when in rehab?

    A: Plan for lost wages during treatment by saving money beforehand, arranging for family financial support, or using paid time off if available. Consider automatic bill payments, ask family members to help manage finances temporarily, and communicate with creditors about payment arrangements if needed during your treatment period.

    Posted on

    How Long Does It Take to Break an Addiction? 5 Key Factors That Affect Your Timeline

    Addiction recovery is a personal journey that looks different for everyone. When you first decide to seek help for substance use disorder, you might wonder how long the process will take. While each person’s recovery journey is unique, the research shows some clear patterns that can help you set realistic expectations as you start your recovery process.

    Understanding the Recovery Timeline

    Let’s look at some common misunderstandings about recovery timelines to help set realistic expectations for your journey.

    Infographic listing key factors that influence addiction recovery time, including type of substance used, genetics and family history, mental and physical health, environment and trigger exposure, quality of support and connections, and duration and severity of use. An illustrated stopwatch emphasizes the concept of time.

    The 21-Day Myth

    You may have heard that it takes just 21 days to break any habit,1 including addiction. This common belief sounds promising, but unfortunately, it’s not accurate. The idea of the 21-day timeline came from Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s 1960 book Psycho-Cybernetics. He observed that surgery patients needed about 21 days to adjust to their new appearance. Over time, people misunderstood this observation and started applying it to all kinds of behavioral changes, including breaking addiction.

    But making this kind of life change takes time—and preparing yourself for a more realistic timeline can help set you up for success in recovery.

    Why Breaking Addiction Takes Longer

    Breaking free from addiction is a lot more complex than changing a simple habit. Drug and alcohol use create changes in your brain that affect everything from your emotions to your decision-making to the coping mechanisms you use to deal with life. Unfortunately, these changes don’t reverse themselves in just a few short weeks.

    Research shows that addiction follows many of the same patterns as other strong habits2 we develop. Just like learning any new behavior, recovery involves teaching your brain new ways to respond to stress and triggers. The good news is, this means we can use proven strategies for changing behavior to help break addiction.

    Giving Your Brain Time to Heal

    Recovery involves more than stopping substance use. It’s about allowing your body and brain to recover from the effects of substance abuse, addressing the causes of your addiction at its core, and building new habits that support long-term recovery. You can think of it as helping your brain relearn how to function normally. During active addiction, your brain adapts in 3 important ways:3 

    1. It starts strongly connecting substances with pleasure
    2. It becomes less sensitive to natural rewards like food and social connection
    3. It has a harder time making and sticking to decisions about staying sober

    Recovery means giving your brain time to heal and rebuild healthier patterns at each stage. This process takes time, patience—and often, professional support—to achieve lasting change.

    While timelines vary from person to person, some experts believe there is a bare minimum for breaking addiction: 90 days of treatment.

    Infographic titled 6 Main Keys to Unlock Addiction Recovery, illustrating six essential components for healing: body detoxification, brain rewiring, developing coping skills, identifying triggers, building support systems, and forming healthy habits. Each concept is paired with a key graphic, leading to an open lock symbolizing recovery.

    What role does neuroplasticity play in long-term addiction recovery?

    Recovery is a journey, not a destination. Each person’s journey takes as long as it takes them to achieve the quality of life they want. After a person ceases the behavior of using substances, the brain is miraculous and, over time, can heal itself, and the neuropathways can return.  The longer someone does not use drugs in obsessive and harmful ways, the more healed a brain will be after two years of nonuse.

    Tanya Kraege, LCSW, CSAC, CPS | Ventus Rex

    Why Treatment Often Takes 90 Days or More

    While residential rehab programs typically start at 28 days, research shows that most people need more time for the best chances of success. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA),

    Research indicates that most addicted individuals need at least 3 months in treatment4 to significantly reduce or stop their drug use and that the best outcomes occur with longer durations of treatment. 

    This longer timeline makes sense when you consider all the changes happening in your brain and body during recovery.

    During these crucial first 90 days, several important changes occur:

    • Your body rids itself of substances and begins to heal
    • Your brain starts rebuilding healthy neural pathways
    • You learn to identify and work through triggers
    • You learn and practice new coping skills
    • You build stronger support systems
    • You develop new, healthy habits to replace old patterns that led to addiction

    While everyone’s journey is different, staying in treatment for enough time is one of the most important factors in successful recovery. Most people need a sufficient amount of time to change deeply rooted behavioral patterns, and longer treatment often leads to better results.

    Infographic displaying seven healthy alternatives to manage addiction cravings, including physical activity, healthy snacks and hydration, deep breathing and mindfulness, creative outlets, social connection, engaging or fun activities, and sensory grounding. Each strategy is represented with a simple icon. Recovery.com logo appears in the bottom left.

    Factors That Influence Your Recovery Time

    Addiction is defined5 as “a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.” As such, a number of factors can influence how long it takes to recover:

    1. The Type of Substance You Used

    Different types of addiction require different treatment lengths. For example, physical health problems from alcohol addiction often require extended treatment because alcohol affects multiple organ systems. And with opioids and benzodiazepines, the intense impact on brain chemistry means you might need longer-term medication-assisted treatment.

    2. Your History of Substance Use

    The severity of the addiction—that is, the duration and pattern of drug use—significantly affects your timeline. If you’ve been using a substance for a very long time, or at very high doses, you’ll likely need a more intensive treatment approach. Your treatment team will consider several factors when creating your treatment plan:

    • How long you’ve been using substances
    • How much you typically use
    • Whether multiple substances are involved

    3. Physical and Mental Health 

    Your overall physical health plays an important role in your recovery process. Any existing health problems you have might affect how your body responds to treatment. Similarly, mental health conditions like anxiety or depression often require specialized treatment to address both addiction and mental health simultaneously.

    Learn more about this complex condition—and how to find effective care—in our article on co-occurring disorder treatment.

    4. Quality of Support

    A strong support network makes a significant difference in addiction recovery. This includes:

    • Support from family members and loved ones
    • Connections with others in recovery
    • Professional help through addiction treatment programs
    • Community resources and support groups
    • Stable living environment

    Building this support network is part of what you’ll work on in rehab as part of your plan to prevent relapse once you return home. Having reliable support can help you stay motivated during challenging times and celebrate your successes along the way.

    5. Personal Circumstances

    A few individual factors also influence recovery:

    • Age and how quickly your body heals
    • Family history and genetic factors
    • Current stress levels
    • Previous attempts at recovery
    • Work and family responsibilities
    • Living situation and daily environment

    In addiction treatment, your clinical team will consider these factors when creating a treatment plan and timeline that’s tailored to your specific needs.

    How do cultural or community factors affect recovery timelines?

    Cultural and community factors play a significant role in shaping a person’s beliefs and understandings about addiction and recovery. An individual’s timeline for treatment or recovery may be impacted by stigma in their community, lack of culturally appropriate support, or pressure to prioritize culture and community over recovery and treatment. There also may be cultural and community factors that identify specific timeframes for recovery based on their understanding and structure. Counselors often need to build extra trust and tailor approaches that respect those dynamics because recovery isn’t one-size-fits-all.

    Andrew Schreier, ICS, CSAC, LPC, ICGC-II, BACC

    The Science of Breaking Addiction

    Understanding the science behind addiction can help explain why recovery takes time—and why professional support is so valuable.

    Understanding Brain Changes

    Addiction changes your brain’s natural reward system6 and decision-making processes. When you regularly use substances, your brain adapts by reducing its own production of feel-good chemicals. This is why breaking addiction takes time and professional care—your brain needs to rebuild these natural systems.

    How Cravings Affect Recovery

    When you use substances regularly, your brain adapts to expect them.7 That’s why when you stop using, you’ll experience powerful cravings that can feel overwhelming at first. This helps explain why early recovery can feel so challenging—your brain needs time to unlearn these strong associations. In rehab, you’ll learn how to handle these feelings as you keep moving toward your recovery goals. 

    Rehabs teach strategies like these to help you manage cravings:

    • Recognizing early warning signs
    • Using distraction techniques
    • Urge surfing and other mindfulness tools
    • Applying stress management skills
    • Reaching out for support when you need it

    Understanding Treatment Options

    The good news is that addiction is a treatable disorder8 that responds well to proper care. Addiction treatment options exist along a spectrum, and finding the right type of care is essential to your recovery. 

    Let’s look at how different levels of care meet different needs:

    Detox 

    Not everyone needs detox, but if you’re severely physically dependent on a substance, it’s extremely important to detox under medical supervision. This is especially true if you use alcohol, opioids, or benzos. Detoxing in a substance-free, recovery-focused environment means you’re less likely to relapse when withdrawal symptoms get challenging. It also ensures your detoxification is as safe and as comfortable as possible. 

    Inpatient Treatment (30-90 Days)

    Inpatient treatment offers the highest level of support during early recovery. You’ll receive round-the-clock care in a treatment facility, where addiction professionals guide you through a personalized treatment plan. The structured environment removes you from daily triggers and stress, allowing you to focus completely on your recovery. During your stay, you’ll participate in intensive behavioral therapy and have access to comprehensive support services, including individual counseling, group therapy, and holistic healing approaches.

    Outpatient Treatment (3-12 Months)

    Outpatient addiction treatment lets you continue working or caring for your family while receiving a high level of professional support. You’ll attend therapy and counseling sessions several times per week, participate in support groups, and learn to practice recovery skills in real-world situations. This option helps you build a local support network while maintaining your daily responsibilities.

    Relapse Prevention and Continuing Care (Ongoing)

    Recovery is a lifestyle: It continues long after initial treatment ends. Aftercare helps you maintain the progress you started in rehab through regular counseling, check-ins with your healthcare providers, and regularly attending support groups. Many people find that this level of support helps them navigate the challenges of recovery and stay motivated toward their goals. Remember that seeking additional support if you’re struggling isn’t a sign of failure—it’s a smart way to protect your well-being.

    Keep in mind that when it comes to recovery, progress is a process. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains:

    Drug treatment9 is intended to help addicted individuals stop compulsive drug seeking and use. Treatment can occur in a variety of settings, take many different forms, and last for different lengths of time. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-term process that involves multiple interventions and regular monitoring. 

    True Healing Takes Time

    Recovery is about more than just stopping substance use—it’s about creating sustainable, long-term lifestyle change. 

    These changes don’t happen overnight. Like learning any new skill, building a better life takes consistent practice over time. Be patient with yourself while you take small steps forward. As you develop new routines, find activities you enjoy, and learn better ways to handle stress, your journey will start to feel more and more rewarding. 

    Recovery life takes time. And the sooner you start your recovery journey, the sooner your healing can begin.

    What leads to a long-term and sustained recovery?

    A long-term and sustained recovery is about more than sobriety. It involves lifestyle changes, purpose-driven actions, and supportive relationships. People that I know in long-term recovery have discovered that it is a lifetime process of continual growth and course correction. Tough times happen and challenges do occur, but as we grow in our recovery, so too do we grow in our resilience and our capacity for hope.

    Caroline Beidler, MSW

    Build a New Life Beyond Addiction

    Finding the right treatment team can make all the difference in helping you break the cycle of addiction. As you look for a rehab program, consider your unique recovery goals. How much medical care do you need during treatment? Are you also healing from a co-occurring mental health issue? Do you want to practice relationship skills? These questions and others like them can help you find the best program for you.

    Browse rehab programs and get the help you need to break out of addiction. 

    FAQs

    Q: How long does it take to break an addiction?

    A: While you might have heard it takes 21 days to break a habit, that’s actually a myth. Most people need at least 90 days of addiction treatment to make significant progress in their recovery. The longer you stay in treatment, the better your chances of success.

    Q: How long do withdrawal symptoms and detox last?

    A: Everyone’s detox experience is different, and the timeline depends on what substance you used and your personal health factors. If you’ve been using alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, it’s especially important to detox under medical supervision. This keeps you safe and comfortable while helping prevent relapse during this challenging time.

    Q: How long do addiction cravings last?

    A: Even after 90 days of treatment, you might still experience cravings—and that’s completely normal. While cravings may not disappear entirely, you’ll learn effective strategies to manage them, including:

    • Spotting your personal warning signs early
    • Using proven distraction techniques
    • Practicing mindfulness
    • Managing stress in healthy ways
    • Reaching out when you need support

    Q: What affects the timeline for addiction recovery?

    A: Your recovery timeline is unique to you and depends on several factors:

    • Which substance you used and for how long
    • Your physical and mental health
    • Your support system
    • Personal factors like age and genetics
    • Past recovery experiences
    • Your current living situation and stress levels

    Posted on

    Can Weed Kill You? Understanding Marijuana’s Real Risks

    can weed kill you

    Marijuana (cannabis) is becoming more widely available as more states make it legal. This has many people wondering about its safety. While marijuana is often considered safer than other drugs, it’s important to understand the real risks it can pose.

    The Short Answer: Direct vs. Indirect Fatality Risk

    No one has ever died directly from using too much marijuana alone. This makes it different from drugs like alcohol or opioids, which can cause deadly overdoses. However, marijuana can still lead to death in indirect ways that users need to understand.

    In one incident in Colorado, for example, a 19-year-old man died after consuming a cannabis cookie.1 Following the sales clerk’s instructions, he ate one piece and waited 30-60 minutes. When he didn’t feel any effects, he ate the rest of the cookie. Over the next 2 hours, he started acting erratic and hostile. About 2.5 hours after finishing the cookie, he jumped from a fourth-floor balcony, resulting in fatal injuries.

    Infographic comparing direct and indirect risks of marijuana use. Direct risks include psychosis, lung damage, CHS, and anxiety, contributing to 35 percent of ER visits. Indirect risks, such as impaired driving, mixing with other drugs, and contaminated weed, account for 65 percent. Each risk is represented by icons under labeled sections.

    Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies and Illnesses

    Weed is getting stronger—and so is the risk of weed-related health effects. The potency of marijuana has quadrupled since the mid-’90s.

    Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. While THC levels used to be around 10%, they’re now often higher than 40%. “Higher THC concentrations2 have been associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use progressing to cannabis use disorder, among other health concerns,” says the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

    While marijuana itself may not be deadly, it can cause serious medical problems3 that require treatment:

    1. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

    CHS is a rare but dangerous condition that can happen to people who smoke weed regularly. It causes severe vomiting that won’t stop without medical help, though some people say hot showers temporarily relieve their symptoms. “Once thought to be rare, [CHS] is now being seen almost daily,” says emergency medicine physician Karen Randall in a report on increased weed-related ER visits.4 If it’s left untreated, CHS can cause dangerous dehydration and kidney problems.

    2. Severe Anxiety and Panic Attacks

    Some people have severe anxiety or panic attacks when they use marijuana. In rare cases, this can lead to dangerous behavior or self-harm if the person doesn’t get help.

    Weed can also raise your heart rate and blood pressure. For people with heart disease or cardiovascular issues, this extra strain could trigger a heart attack. “Research suggests that the risk of heart attack is several times higher in the hour after smoking marijuana5 than it would be normally,” say experts at Harvard Health.

    Infographic titled The Evolution of Weed: Higher Potency and More ER Visits. Two line graphs show a rise in THC potency from 1995 to 2024 and a parallel increase in cannabis-related emergency room visits per 100,000 people. A cannabis leaf with a warning icon emphasizes the risk.

    3. Acute Psychosis

    Studies have found that people who use marijuana are more likely to experience psychotic symptoms6—and the more you use, the more the risk increases.

    There’s also a proven link between marijuana and schizophrenia7 in teens and young adults, with young men being at the highest risk. Young people should be aware that using marijuana can increase their risk of developing serious mental health problems later in life.

    THC levels in cannabis products are skyrocketing. How is this changing serious health issues like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) or heart problems?

    Cannabis products today are way more potent than they used to be, with much higher THC levels. While that might seem like a plus, it’s actually leading to some serious health problems. More people are ending up in the ER with conditions like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which causes intense nausea, stomach pain, and constant vomiting that can last for hours or even days. Some users are also experiencing heart-related issues like a racing heartbeat, high blood pressure, sudden anxiety, and even panic attacks.
    Janelle Salo, RN
    Janelle Salo, RN Healthy Earth Living

    4. Acute Cannabinoid Catatonia

    It’s not common, but in rare cases, consuming too much marijuana can cause a severe reaction8 that causes a temporary catatonic state (someone appears awake but doesn’t respond to stimuli like voices or touch). Overconsumption to this extent is more likely to happen with edibles. 

    5. Cancer and Lung Damage

    Smoking marijuana can seriously damage your lungs,9 leading to health issues like bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Research shows that people who smoke marijuana face a higher risk of developing cancers10 of the head, neck, and throat. Long-term use can also weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off illness.

    Illustration showing a person smoking marijuana while driving, with one hand on the steering wheel and the other holding a joint. A rainbow-colored road leads to a traffic light ahead. Text warns that weed does not normally kill, but impaired judgment does.

    Hidden Dangers: Indirect Fatality Risks

    1. Impaired Driving Deaths and Occupational Injury

    The biggest risks come from how marijuana affects your judgment and reaction time. Driving while high significantly increases your chance of getting into a deadly accident.11 The short-term effects of cannabis can last several hours, making it unsafe to drive even if you feel “okay.”

    Research is still ongoing, but there’s also evidence of a link between marijuana and work-related injuries.12

    2. Drug Interactions

    Mixing cannabis with alcohol or other drugs is especially dangerous. These combinations can lead to severe reactions your body can’t handle. They can also make you more likely to make risky decisions.

    Marijuana and other drugs are commonly taken in combination with alcohol. While this is a common practice, its risks are more serious than most people realize. Learn more about this in our article on the dangers of combined alcohol and drug use.

    3. Contaminated Products

    When you buy marijuana from unlicensed sellers, you don’t really know what’s in it. There’s a real risk that these products could be mixed with harmful substances or contaminants.

    When working with clients who use a lot of marijuana, what dangerous situations have you found most concerning that could potentially become life-threatening? How do you help them understand and manage these risks?

    In working with clients who consume large quantities of marijuana, I have found their misinterpretation of perceptions to be the most dangerous, which could lead to fatal car accidents, on-the-job injuries, etc. Education is the most beneficial way to help clients understand the dangers of their consumption. Additionally, providing them with alternative coping skills helps manage these risks.
    Dee Anderson, SUDCCII-CS
    Dee Anderson, SUDCCII-CS Addiction Full Circle

    What Happens During a Marijuana Overdose

    “Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis,”13 says Manitoba Health. “It is not fatal, but overconsumption can be very uncomfortable.” While a marijuana overdose won’t kill you directly, it can be a frightening experience. Sometimes, it requires medical attention. 

    Signs of THC poisoning14 include: 

    • Extreme anxiety or panic
    • Racing heart
    • Paranoid thoughts
    • Severe nausea
    • Mental confusion
    • Hallucinations

    Edible marijuana products pose special risks because they’re harder to dose correctly. The effects take longer to feel, which might make you think you need more. This often leads people to accidentally take too much.

    Most of the time, you can just wait for the effects to wear off. If your symptoms are very severe or you have chest pain, panic attacks, or seizures, get medical help.

    THC is never safe for children in any amount. If your child has consumed THC, contact the Poison Control Center hotline at 1-800-222-1222.

    High-Risk Situations and Populations

    Certain risk factors put some people at higher risk of health complications when they use marijuana. 

    • People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should be especially careful. Marijuana can make these conditions worse.
    • Young people under 25 face unique risks because their brains are still developing. Regular marijuana use during teen and young adult years15 can affect memory, learning, and mental health.
    • People with a personal or family history of mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or psychosis should be cautious. Marijuana can make these conditions worse or trigger new symptoms.
    • Pregnant people should avoid marijuana. It can affect the developing baby and lead to health problems.

    Making Informed Decisions

    If you choose to use marijuana, there are ways to reduce your risks:14

    • Read the labels on your products and understand the dose you’re taking.
    • Start with a very small amount, especially with edibles. Wait at least 2 hours before taking more.
    • Never drive after using marijuana. Plan ahead for safe transportation.
    • Don’t mix marijuana with alcohol or other drugs.
    • Keep cannabis products locked away from children and pets.
    • Avoid synthetic cannabinoids, which are known to cause adverse effects. The effects of these products are not at all like the effects of marijuana.
    Infographic titled Common Reasons Street Weed is Laced with Dangerous Substances. Reasons include making it more addictive, intensifying the high, adding weight for profit, and contamination with mold. A smoking pipe emits toxic fumes forming a skull symbol. Each reason is paired with a simple icon.

    The CDC also advises against vaping marijuana:16

    Oils and concentrates used in vaping and dabbing (which is a specific method of inhaling THC concentrates) often have highly concentrated forms of THC and may contain additives or be contaminated with other substances. The effects of using these more concentrated forms of THC are not well understood but may include higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder. Vaping has also been linked to lung injury.

    Changing Attitudes Toward Marijuana Use

    As recreational and medical marijuana becomes more widely accepted in many places, people tend to view it as harmless. While it’s true that marijuana is less dangerous than many other kinds of substance use, this shifting attitude has led some people to overlook its very real risks. 

    These days, fewer teens believe marijuana is dangerous.17 This is a real concern, since research clearly shows that using marijuana heavily during the teenage years can get in the way of healthy development and daily functioning.

    When to Get Help

    Sometimes marijuana use can become a problem. If you’re using more than you planned to, feeling unable to cut back or stop, neglecting responsibilities at work or school, or continuing to use despite negative effects on your health or relationships, it could be a sign of marijuana addiction.

    If you notice these signs or feel worried about your use of marijuana, talking to your therapist or primary care provider is a great place to start. They can help you understand your options and find support to make the changes you want. If you’re looking to quit using marijuana in an immersive, substance-free setting, residential rehab can be a great place to start your healing journey. Search for a marijuana addiction treatment program that meets your needs and reach out to a support specialist today.

    FAQs

    Q: Can you overdose on marijuana?

    A: Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis. While such overdoses aren’t fatal like with alcohol or opioids, overconsumption can be very uncomfortable. In some cases, taking too much marijuana—especially via edibles—can cause severe reactions like temporary catatonia or even acute psychosis.

    Q: Can marijuana use lead to death?

    A: While marijuana doesn’t cause direct fatal overdoses, it can lead to death through indirect means. In one documented case from Colorado, a man died after consuming a cannabis cookie and jumping from a fourth-floor balcony. Excessive marijuana use can cause erratic behavior that may lead to accidents or risky decisions.

    Q: What are the long-term health risks of marijuana use?

    A: The long-term effects of marijuana use can include several serious health problems. Smoking marijuana can damage your lungs, leading to bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, and it increases the risk of head, neck, throat, and lung cancers. Regular use can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Young people are especially vulnerable to these side effects.

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    Sober Living: 7 Ways It Supports Long-Term Addiction Recovery

    sober living and recovery.jpg

    Sober living environments (SLEs)1 provide group housing for individuals recovering from substance use disorders.

    These living spaces, also known as sober living homes, halfway houses, or recovery residences, create a structured and supportive atmosphere that helps residents’ transition back into everyday life after completing rehabilitation programs.

    Sober living homes are designed to help individuals maintain sobriety by addressing the people, places, and things in their environment. These homes provide a structured setting1 that promotes accountability, peer support, and essential life skills. Below are seven key features that make sober living effective:

    Infographic titled Typical Rules in Sober Living Environments, listing common expectations such as staying substance-free, following curfew, attending house meetings, respecting others, contributing to chores, participating in random drug tests, and attending therapy or counseling. Each rule is paired with a corresponding icon.

    1. Substance-Free Environment

    Residents must remain abstinent from drugs and alcohol while living in a sober home. This rule allows individuals to recover in a safe space free from triggers. Eliminating access to substances makes relapse more difficult, giving residents the opportunity to focus on their sobriety and coping strategies. Oftentimes, depending on the type of sober living, drug testing may be a part of accountability and maintaining a drug-free environment.

    2. House Rules and Accountability

    A lack of accountability is a common trait in addiction. Sober living homes enforce specific house rules, such as curfews, mandatory house meetings, and assigned chores, to instill discipline and responsibility. House managers oversee rule enforcement, ensuring everyone stays on track and remains accountable to themselves and their housemates. This can also include monitoring of activities and schedules, support systems, and even testing for drug use.

    3. Support System and Peer Encouragement

    Residents benefit from a built-in community of individuals2 who are also in recovery. Living with peers who share similar struggles fosters mutual support, encouragement, and accountability. This social reinforcement helps combat feelings of isolation and strengthens one’s commitment to sobriety. Some sober living homes require 12-step meetings or other types of peer support or social support.

    How does sober living support long-term, sustained recovery?

    Recovery housing can solidify someone’s journey in their recovery either post-treatment or while someone is attending treatment in an outpatient setting. Recovery housing ideally provides support, structure, community, accountability, and responsibility. Although many people choose not to go into recovery housing and can maintain successful recovery, the relationships and foundation that recovery housing can provide can be invaluable as a contribution to long-term success.

    Tanya Kraege LCSW, CSAC, CCAR RC, WI CPS | Ventus Rex
    Illustration of a person building a heart-shaped brick wall, symbolizing healing and self-reconstruction in recovery. Text emphasizes that sober living is about building a life where substances are no longer needed. The design uses soft purple and coral tones.

    4. Structured Daily Routine

    Sober living environments3 emphasize the importance of structure. Residents follow daily routines that may include attending therapy sessions, support groups, exercising, and completing household chores. Establishing a consistent schedule helps individuals develop positive habits and reduce the time spent thinking about substance use. One of the main benefits of sober living is having structure as a next step after more formalized treatment or recovery programs.

    5. Transition Assistance and Life Skills Training

    Sober living homes often provide life skills training to help residents reintegrate into society. Programs may include budgeting, job searching, cooking, and relationship-building skills. These resources equip individuals with the tools needed to maintain independence and sustain long-term recovery. Depending on the level of care provided in the home, there may be additional options available for life skills or other educational opportunities.

    6. Connection to Recovery Resources

    Many sober living homes offer access to additional support services, such as therapy, job placement programs, and educational opportunities. These resources help residents continue their recovery journey beyond the sober living environment, ensuring they have the tools to maintain sobriety in everyday life.

    7. Affordable Housing Options

    Sober living costs vary depending on location, services, and amenities. Monthly expenses typically range from $300 to $2,000. Many homes operate on a sliding scale or offer financial assistance for those in need, making sober living an accessible option for individuals from different financial backgrounds. Some homes are credentialed and some operate like the Oxford House4 model.

    Infographic showing a line graph comparing relapse risk over two years for people in recovery with and without sober living. The graph indicates significantly lower relapse rates for those attending sober living. Supporting text highlights that over half of people who attend sober living never relapse, while more than half relapse without it. A key icon appears in the top right.

    Optimizing the Recovery Experience

    Addiction impacts all aspects of a person’s life, requiring a holistic approach to recovery. For individuals with severe substance use disorders or co-occurring mental health conditions, sober living can provide a stable and supportive environment while they continue treatment. Programs such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) can help address both addiction and underlying mental health issues, improving overall well-being. 

    Here are some additional types of recovery support services along a path to sobriety and wellness.

    How does sober living differ from traditional rehab?

    Sober living offers a structured, substance-free environment where individuals can gradually transition back into daily life, often with fewer restrictions than traditional rehab. Traditional rehab, on the other hand, is typically more intensive with structured treatment programs, licensed therapy, other behavioral services, and medical supervision.

    Andrew J. Schreier, ICS, CSAC, LPC, ICGC-II, BACC

    Treatment Programs: A Path to Sobriety

    Addiction treatment programs provide structured support to help individuals achieve long-term recovery. These programs vary in intensity and approach but generally include the following components:

    • Assessment and Evaluation: Before beginning treatment, individuals undergo a comprehensive assessment to determine the severity of their addiction, identify co-occurring mental health disorders, and develop a personalized treatment plan.
    • Detoxification: Detox is a critical first step in recovery. Medically supervised detox programs help individuals safely withdraw from substances while managing withdrawal symptoms. This step is especially important for individuals detoxing from opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol, as withdrawal can be life-threatening.
    • Inpatient Treatment: Inpatient programs provide 24/7 care in a structured environment. Treatment typically includes individual therapy, group counseling, behavioral therapy, and holistic approaches. This immersive setting allows individuals to focus entirely on their recovery.
    • Outpatient Treatment: Outpatient programs offer flexibility for individuals who can maintain independent living while attending scheduled therapy and support sessions. This option is ideal for those with a stable home environment and strong support system.
    • Aftercare Planning: Long-term recovery requires ongoing effort. Aftercare planning includes continued therapy, support groups, and recovery resources to help individuals transition back into daily life while maintaining sobriety.
    • Support Groups: Participation in 12-step programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA), provides peer support, accountability, and encouragement from others who understand the challenges of addiction.

    Bridging the Gap: Integrating Sober Living with Treatment

    Sober living homes serve as a vital link between inpatient treatment and full independence. By combining structured treatment with sober living, individuals receive comprehensive support that enhances their recovery journey. This approach fosters long-term sobriety, equipping individuals with the tools and resources needed to reintegrate successfully into society.

    If you or a loved one are seeking the best sober living environment, consider researching reputable options to find the right fit for your recovery needs.

    If you or a loved one are seeking the best sober living environment, please consider one of the following that come highly recommended:

    If you or a loved one are seeking the best sober living environment, consider ARC Stone Lodge in Louisa, Kentucky, which provides a structured, supportive setting for recovery. The Southeast Addiction Center, with locations in Georgia and Tennessee, offers comprehensive addiction treatment alongside sober living options. The Pennsylvania Recovery Center in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, is another highly regarded facility for those in need of a supportive transition.

    For young men seeking specialized sober living, Sandstone Care Young Men’s Sober Living in Maryland provides tailored support. The Massachusetts Center for Addiction in Weymouth, Massachusetts, also offers structured sober living programs designed for long-term recovery. Additionally, Lantana Recovery Connecticut in New Milford provides a supportive recovery-focused community for individuals seeking a sober lifestyle.

    For a broader list of recommended sober living homes that match individual recovery needs, check out the comprehensive sober living directory for more options.

    FAQs

    Q: What is the meaning of sober living?


    A: Sober living refers to a structured, substance-free environment that supports individuals in recovery from addiction. It provides a safe space where residents can rebuild their lives and develop the skills needed for long-term sobriety.

    Q: What do you do in sober living?


    A: In a sober living home, residents follow house rules, attend recovery meetings, engage in therapy or counseling, complete household chores, and develop essential life skills to maintain independence and sobriety.

    Q: How long do most people stay in sober living?


    A: The length of stay varies based on individual needs, but most residents stay between 90 days and a year. Some may stay longer if they require extended support before transitioning to independent living.

    Q: What does it mean to live a sober life?


    A: Living a sober life means abstaining from drugs and alcohol while actively engaging in healthy behaviors, relationships, and coping strategies. It involves maintaining mental, physical, and emotional well-being without substance use.

    Q: What is a sober living home?


    A: A sober living home is a residential facility that provides a drug- and alcohol-free environment for individuals in recovery. It offers structure, accountability, and peer support to help residents transition from rehab to independent living.

    Q: What are sober living house rules?


    A: Sober living homes enforce house rules such as maintaining sobriety, attending meetings, adhering to curfews, completing assigned chores, and participating in house meetings. These rules help create a structured and supportive environment.

    Q: What is a halfway house?


    A: A halfway house is a transitional residence for individuals recovering from addiction or leaving incarceration. It provides temporary housing with structured programs, support services, and supervision to help residents reintegrate into society.

    Q: Are you covered for addiction treatment?


    A: Insurance coverage for addiction treatment, including sober living, varies by provider and policy. It’s essential to check with your insurance company to determine coverage for treatment, therapy, or transitional housing programs.

    Q: Does the sober living home you are considering provide access to mental health resources and community support?


    A: Many sober living homes offer access to therapy, counseling, peer support groups, job assistance, and other mental health resources. It’s important to research a home’s available services to ensure they align with your recovery needs.

    Q: What are halfway house rules?


    A: Halfway houses typically have structured rules, including mandatory sobriety, curfews, participation in treatment programs, job search requirements, and adherence to behavioral guidelines. These rules help residents transition back into society successfully.

    Q: How does sober living support recovery from addiction?


    A: Sober living homes provide a stable, substance-free environment where residents receive peer support, structure, and access to recovery resources. This setting helps individuals build coping skills, accountability, and a strong foundation for lasting sobriety.

    Q: How does sober living differ from traditional rehab?


    A: Unlike inpatient rehab, which offers intensive treatment in a clinical setting, sober living provides a less restrictive, transitional environment where residents can practice independent living while still receiving recovery support.

    Q: How does sober living help in addiction recovery?


    A: Sober living homes foster long-term recovery by reinforcing healthy routines, peer support, and access to therapy and life skills training. They help individuals build resilience, stability, and self-sufficiency after rehab.

    Posted on

    Does Alcohol Really Help You Relax? Understanding the Effects

    Alcohol can make you feel relaxed, but it’s fleeting, dangerous, and not a true state of relaxation. Reaching for alcohol to cope with stress can start a self-feeding cycle marked by anxiety and eventual dependence.

    Let’s explore the true effects of alcohol and how short- and long-term consequences can hide behind the guise of relaxation.

    How Alcohol Affects the Brain and Body

    Does alcohol help you relax if you’re stressed? It can, but that’s because alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. So it can lower your ability to feel stress—not make it go away.

    Alcohol as a Central Nervous System Depressant

    Your central nervous system (CNS) controls1 your movement, thinking, speech, senses, and general awareness of what’s happening within and around you. When it’s depressed from alcohol, you may slur your speech, lose your balance and coordination, feel less pain, and lose your ability to think clearly. 

    You’ll also feel an initial calming sensation as your CNS slows down. But operating without your central nervous system in full gear can have disastrous effects, including

    • Accidental self-injury due to falls
    • Criminal behaviours
    • Drunk driving
    • Memory blackouts
    • Vomiting
    • Slowed (or stopped) breathing and heart rate

    Impact on Neurotransmitters

    Alcohol increases ‘inhibitory’ neurotransmitters2, meaning brain activity slows down. This is what causes that initial wave of calmness. Alcohol also acts on the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor, causing a sense of sedation and lowered anxiety. It affects serotonin levels3, too, and over time, these skewed levels contribute to alcohol addiction.

    To balance the inhibitory effects of alcohol, your brain produces excitatory neurotransmitters2. If you stop drinking alcohol and the extra excitatory neurotransmitters have nothing to balance, you can develop symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. 

    Disruptions to Sleep and Rest

    Alcohol lowers the quality of your sleep4. It negatively affects the same neurotransmitters involved with sleep, meaning it can alter your body’s natural cycles and rhythms. You may fall asleep due to the initial sedative effects of alcohol, but it disrupts your sleep later on in the night. 

    Sleeping with alcohol in your system leads to frequent wakings during the night5 and poor-quality sleep as the alcohol slowly makes its way out of your body. This means you’ll wake up feeling unrested, groggy, and generally not your best.

    Heavy, continuous drinking can lead to insomnia. People with sleep challenges like sleep apnea or snoring are likely to experience more negative effects5 if they drink before bed, even if just one drink. 

    The Short-Term vs. Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on Relaxation

    The initial slowing of activity in your CNS causes a feeling of relaxation, but it doesn’t last. 

    The Initial Relaxing Effect

    Drinking alcohol can produce a sense of calm6, and for some, even a sense of euphoria. This can make it seem like a quick solution to stress, but since it doesn’t take away the problem, only distracts from it, alcohol isn’t a true solution.

    Alcohol also activates the brain’s reward system6, which can make the act of drinking feel pleasurable or exciting. This excitatory state combined with reduced inhibitions can cause the sense of euphoria some feel.

    And, alcohol slows down the parts of your brain that process negative emotions7, which is why it can seem like sadness, guilt, or grief vanish after drinking.

    Increased Anxiety and Stress Over Time

    Drinking regularly can build a dependence and increase your tolerance7, meaning you’ll need to drink more and more to mitigate the negative effects (like cravings) and feel intoxicated. As dependence and tolerance grow, drinking changes from pleasurable to monotonous—satiating a need for alcohol rather than enjoying its effects.

    Feeling more dependent on alcohol can increase your overall anxiety and stress, especially for those balancing other responsibilities and demands.

    The “Alcohol Hangover” and Rebound Anxiety

    A study reports that “alcohol may reduce anxiety by inhibiting responding to anxiety-provoking stimuli.8” Once those effects wear off, rebound anxiety can occur as the dampened systems in the brain start functioning normally. Rebound anxiety can feel like a wave of symptoms crashing all at once.

    Rebound anxiety can lead to a cycle of consumption in hopes of keeping the wave from crashing—but it’s not sustainable. People can inadvertently develop alcohol use disorder trying to stay afloat.

    Alcohol and Stress: Myths vs. Reality

    Think of how many “person-unwinding-after-a-hard-day-with-alcohol” scenes crop up in movies, TV shows, and books. It would seem to be a perfectly normal stress response.

    In reality, the stress-relieving idea and the normalcy of this ritual both prove to be myths.

    The Myth of Alcohol as a Stress Reliever

    Alcohol only changes your ability to notice your stress—it doesn’t take any bit of it away. It may dampen the sensations of stress, which some people experience more pronouncedly than others9, but doesn’t solve the underlying issue. Momentary distractions like this may feel like an adequate solution, but they can cause much more harm than the initial stressor itself.

    The Reality: Alcohol’s Impact on Stress and Mental Health

    Over time, alcohol can actually raise levels of stress and worsen (or cause) mental health conditions10 like depression and anxiety. It can also make you more irritable and emotionally volatile. 

    Its negative effects on sleep can also worsen mental health conditions and cause additional stress11. Fleeting relief from negative emotions comes with a high price, but it doesn’t have to.

    Healthier Alternatives to Alcohol for Relaxation

    For a comprehensive list of ways to relax without alcohol, check out our article here.

    Meditation and Deep Breathing Techniques

    Your mind and lungs can be powerful tools in inducing relaxation. 

    Next time stress overwhelms, try sitting down and playing a guided meditation session. Search the app store on your phone to find dozens of meditation apps to choose from.

    Either separately or alongside your meditation, try a paced breathing technique. Deep, slow breathing tells your brain you aren’t under threat. Examples of breathing techniques include

    • Box breathing: Breathe in for 4 seconds, hold for 4, exhale for 4, hold for 4, and start the cycle again.
    • Belly breathing: Focus on expanding your stomach as you breathe. When you breathe out, decompress your stomach as much as you can. This is also called diaphragmatic breathing—try putting your hand on your stomach to feel it rise and fall.

    Physical Exercise

    Exercise lowers levels of stress hormones12, helping you feel more relaxed. You don’t have to do certain exercises to get these benefits, just find a way of moving that works for you. You could try

    • Walking
    • Weightlifting
    • Jumproping
    • Running
    • Climbing the stairs in your house/apartment
    • Swimming

    Developing an exercise routine can help you stick to your goals, like working out before you head into work. And, you can use exercise as-needed to manage acute stress—like doing jumping jacks before or after a stressful situation.

    Music and Creative Outlets

    Creative expression can also relieve stress13 by engaging the mind and body in a pleasurable, open-minded way. Art and music can alter your perception of the stressful event by helping you take a step back from it. Keeping your hands busy can also help you process stressful events without feeling overwhelmed.

    Examples of creative outlets include

    • Doodling
    • Painting
    • Singing
    • Listening to music
    • Creative writing
    • Poetry

    Building Sustainable Relaxation Habits

    Identifying Triggers for Alcohol Use

    Identifying what triggers an urge to drink can help you proactively avoid and prepare for these scenarios, including stress. For example, maybe certain days of the week feel more stressful, like Mondays. Planning a relaxing activity on these days can help manage that stress, and give you peace of mind knowing you have a plan and won’t need to resort to alcohol.

    Other situations could include social settings, like a party or event. You might feel stressed and want to use alcohol to numb the nerves and help you be more social—plan ahead by practicing breathing techniques (or other coping skills) before the event and opt for non-alcoholic drinks to limit your alcohol intake.

    Creating a Relaxation Routine

    Block off time to relax and write down your favorite relaxation techniques. Do one or more relaxation techniques during the time you block off, like a meditation before bed or spending time outside after work. Incorporating relaxation into your daily routines can help it become habitual. 

    Seeking Support for Alcohol Dependence

    Sometimes you need more than stress relief—developing a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol takes medical care to safely reverse. Set up an appointment with your primary care provider to voice your concerns and learn your next steps. Helpful conversation points include

    • “Should I be concerned about my symptoms?”
    • “What can I do to stop being dependent on alcohol?”
    • “Will I need a medical detox to start my treatment?”
    • “Would you recommend alcohol rehab?”
    • “What strategies or treatments can I start using right away?”

    Your doctor may refer you to therapy, outpatient alcohol addiction treatment, or residential rehab for alcohol addiction. Detoxing at a rehab or hospital may be a necessary first step; make sure you ask your doctor for their medical opinion. You can use Recovery.com to find rehabs and outpatient programs that treat alcohol addiction.

    The Reality of Alcohol and Relaxation

    Alcohol isn’t a healthy or sustainable relaxation tool, but relaxation techniques relevant to your preferences and needs are. Fill your toolbox with techniques like breathing exercises, meditation, exercise, creative expression, and more to cope with stress without alcohol. Planning ahead for stressful situations can help you feel more prepared and empowered.

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    Opioid Misuse and Addiction

    Opioids have many forms and uses, from essential painkillers to illicit pseudo-prescriptions with hidden risks and dangers. In any form, prescribed or illicit, they’re highly addictive.

    In this article, opioid “misuse” will describe the act of taking opioids, prescribed or not, for purposes beyond their intent. This type of use can quickly spiral into addiction, but many treatment programs offer pathways to recovery.

    What Are Opioids?

    Opioids are a type of drug derived from the opium poppy plant1, but can also be lab-created without the opium base. When opioids bind to opioid receptors in the brain, they block pain signals1 and produce a sense of euphoria. This aspect in particular can spur misuse and, eventually, addiction.

    Opioid Types and Their Uses

    Opioids come in many forms, carefully modified for medicinal uses or haphazardly assembled in clandestine labs for illicit purposes. Here are some of the most common types and their uses.

    Pain Relievers

    Pain-relieving opioids have been developed specifically for intense pain. Doctors often prescribe them after surgeries or for painful, chronic conditions like cancer. When used as prescribed (usually a small amount over a specific time frame), prescription opioids are less likely to lead to addiction. 

    Prescription opioids2 include:

    • Oxycodone
    • Hydrocodone
    • Morphine
    • Oxymorphone
    • Fentanyl
    • Codeine

    Illegal Types

    Some opioids are never prescribed due to their potency and potential for addiction. These opioids might be naturally derived or synthetic (man-made). They’re classified as illegal, and having them can result in jail time. Examples include

    • Heroin, which comes directly from the opium poppy
    • Fentanyl and carfentanil (when procured and taken without a prescription)

    Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse

    Although opioids can be highly addictive, not everyone who takes an opioid, prescribed or otherwise, will develop an addiction. Certain risk factors can make addiction more likely, like your genetics, environmental influences, and mental health conditions.

    Genetics

    Your genes can increase the chance of opioid addiction3. They don’t cause addiction, but slight variations and epigenetics (changes in how your body reads gene sequences) can make you more prone to opioid addiction. For example, variations in your mu-opioid receptors can alter how your reward system works—an integral part of developing an addiction.

    Environmental Influences

    Growing up in an environment that normalizes substance use can make addiction more likely. Stressful environments can, too, as substances can serve as a coping mechanism. People may also use substances to connect and fit in with peers4.

    For example, a child who grows up with family members who drink heavily may get introduced to alcohol early on and view drinking as a way to connect with their loved ones. Someone who grows up in high-stress environments, like poverty or often witnessing domestic violence, may also turn to substance use as a way to cope with the ongoing strain. These types of environments can lead to the initiation of use, which can snowball into addiction.

    Mental Health Conditions

    Having a mental health condition like depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can make you more susceptible to addiction5. Someone may use substances to self-medicate6 the symptoms of their condition. For example, someone with anxiety may notice their prescription opioids gave them a sense of calm and well-being that made social interactions easier. Or, a stressed executive may find they can get through the day easier if they take heroin before work. 

    Regular use for these reasons can bloom into an addiction. 

    Signs of Opioid Use

    If you suspect a friend or a loved one has started using opioids not as prescribed or procuring illicit opioids, you can look for key signs of opioid use7 and voice your concerns to them. This can start the process of getting treatment if and when they’re willing.

    Physical Signs

    • Seeming tired often, “out of it”
    • Small pupils
    • Disheveled appearance
    • Track marks on their arms or legs and/or unseasonal clothes to hide them
    • Sudden, unexplained loss of pain that previously impaired their functioning

    Behavioral Signs

    • Avoiding family and friends without adequate explanation
    • Acting secretive about their belongings and activities
    • A marked change in their attitude or personality
    • They may lose their job or academic standing due to poor performance

    Symptoms of Opioid Addiction

    The symptoms of an opioid addiction may look similar to the signs of initial use. Their key differentiator is how greatly they affect someone’s day-to-day life. An addiction will rewrite someone’s priorities and motives, while regular use often doesn’t.

    Job Loss and/or Financial Struggles

    Fixating on using opioids can lead to neglecting work responsibilities, which may cause job loss and ensuing financial struggles. They may lose their home or need to sell personal belongings, like their car and jewelry, to keep paying for opioids. They might even resort to theft.

    Health Complications

    An opioid addiction can cause various health complications8, including weight loss, infection, and blood-borne diseases from unclean needles. You may notice they seem haggard and generally unwell.

    People who regularly take opioids are also more likely to fall, get sick more often, and actually become more sensitive to pain.

    Relationship Struggles

    Someone with an opioid addiction may neglect personal relationships and friendships to either hide their use or spend more time on getting, taking, and coming down from opioids. Their relationships may fade and crumble as a result. 

    Treatments for Opioid Use

    Opioid addiction has many paths to recovery. 

    Detox

    Opioid treatment often starts with detox, which safely removes opioids from the body and allows it to return to homeostasis. Medications like buprenorphine9 and methadone10 can help people detox from opioids more comfortably and lessen cravings. Some people stay on these medications to enhance their recovery since they reduce the effects opioids have and make them pointless to take.

    Rehab

    Many residential rehabs offer detox and therapeutic care over the course of 28+ days. Rehabs aim to treat both the medical and emotional effects of opioid addiction, helping people address root issues and build practical relapse prevention skills.

    A typical day in rehab includes 1:1 and group therapies, plus group activities and likely a peer step meeting or two. Depending on its location, some rehabs may offer daily activities or weekly outings, like hiking.

    Outpatient

    Outpatient programs offer intensive care with greater flexibility. You’ll attend therapy during the day but go home at night and have time for personal responsibilities. Many clinics also offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction recovery.

    For example, you may go to outpatient treatment after work from 5-7 p.m. You’ll likely attend multiple group therapy sessions and focus on building and strengthening relapse prevention skills. A more intensive outpatient program is day treatment, which typically runs for 5-8 hours a day, 5-7 days a week. Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) often include 3-5 days of weekly treatment for 2-3 hours daily. 

    Continuing Support

    Treatment for opioid addiction doesn’t end once your programs do—it can continue for years in aftercare and peer support programs. For example, you could attend regular 12-Step meetings like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or secular SMART Recovery meetings. These keep you connected to others in recovery and provide accountability.

    Ongoing therapy can support your healing, too. You can meet with a therapist on a regular cadence to discuss current events and keep working through issues identified in addiction treatment.

    Find Opioid Rehabs

    Opioid rehabs exist worldwide. They offer various approaches and levels of care, meaning you can find a rehab best suited to your needs and preferences. 
    On Recovery.com, you can search for opioid rehabs by location, insurance type, level of care, and more. You can also see reviews, photos, pricing information, and read detailed descriptions of each center.

    Posted on

    What is Recreational Drug Use? Risks, Signs, and Responsible Choices

    Using a drug recreationally means it’s used for non-medical reasons—primarily to enjoy its effects. Many people use alcohol recreationally and substances like marijuana or cocaine. Caffeine, too. 

    Dabbling in substance use doesn’t always lead to addiction, but it can; along with other health risks and consequences. Fully understanding the risks can help you make responsible, healthier choices when it comes to recreational drugs.

    Types of Recreational Drugs

    Recreational drugs aren’t a certain class of substances; rather, a drug used to recreate or better enjoy an experience. For example, having alcohol at a party, ecstasy at a rave, or a cigarette with a cup of coffee.

    Recreational drugs may be used non-recreationally, too. Someone may drink alcohol because they’ve developed an addiction and need the substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms, not to enjoy it. Someone may also smoke marijuana for medicinal reasons, like pain management, rather than to enjoy the high.

    All sorts of drugs can have recreational purposes, but these are some of the most common.

    Marijuana

    Marijuana has medicinal and recreational uses. When used recreationally, marijuana causes a sense of relaxation and disconnection that some people leverage to soothe stress or connect more fully with peers. It also has use as a medical pain reliever and relaxant that doctors may prescribe at set doses.

    Marijuana, typically called weed, has become legal in some American states. Most states haven’t legalized it, but that doesn’t keep people from obtaining and taking the substance. Regular use can lead to addiction and adverse health effects. 

    Cocaine

    Cocaine is a stimulant1 popularized as a recreational drug by how it’s portrayed in media. For example, movies or shows about raucous executives or wealthy celebrities often include cocaine use in party scenes. People in real life, tycoons or not, may use cocaine for similar reasons. 

    Recreational use can spin into an addiction, legal consequences, negative health effects, and damage to relationships and finances.

    Ecstasy

    Ecstasy, often called Molly, is a synthetic stimulant with psychedelic properties2. Taking it releases endorphins and slightly alters the reality around you, creating a “trippy” experience that makes it a popular recreational drug at raves with loud music and flashing lights. Its association with these settings marks it as one of the more prominent recreational drugs.

    Alcohol

    You can easily find alcohol at most social gatherings and events—recreation is often the sole purpose of drinking it (until it becomes an addiction, and someone needs to drink regularly to function.)

    Alcohol releases dopamine3, giving it a feel-good effect. It also lowers inhibitions, making people feel more talkative, fun, and primed to enjoy social events better. Drinking alcohol also serves as a way to connect with others; for example, your group of friends may want to celebrate with their favorite drinks or try challenges involving alcohol. 

    Hallucinogens

    Hallucinogens include drugs like LSD and psilocybin. Many psychedelics with hallucinatory effects come from plants and fungi; or, they may be synthetically based. People often use hallucinogens to have a spiritual experience or to disconnect from reality. They may do it alone or with others.

    Differences Between Recreational and Medicinal Drug Use

    Purpose and Intent

    Why you use a drug can determine if the use is recreational or medicinal. Ask yourself questions like these:

    • Am I taking this to “fix” something negative I’m feeling?
    • Am I following the prescription guidelines, or only taking this when I want the effects?
    • Do I only take this drug when I’m at parties or other social events, to make the event “more fun”?

    If you’re taking a medication because you’ve been prescribed it, and taking it as prescribed, the use of the drug likely isn’t recreational—this would be medicinal. 

    If you’re taking a drug or medication to enjoy its effects or to boost your sense of well-being at-will, the use follows recreational patterns.

    Legal and Ethical Considerations

    Using controlled substances for medicinal purposes, like taking opioids as prescribed for pain, doesn’t breach any laws. Taking controlled substances without a prescription does. Purchasing these illegal substances funds illegal practices, which often operate with little ethical guidelines—focusing on profit over safety.

    Potential Dangers of Recreational Drug Use

    Health Risks

    Using recreational drugs can cause symptoms like:

    • Dehydration
    • Serotonin syndrome4
    • Overdose—stopped breathing, heart slowing dangerously
    • Mental discombobulation
    • Bloodshot eyes

    Mental Health Impacts

    Taking recreational drugs can trigger or worsen mental health conditions5 like anxiety and depression. The unpleasant side effects of substance use, combined with symptoms of a mental health condition, can perpetuate the cycle of use.

    Risk of Addiction

    Using drugs, even for recreation, opens up the risk for addiction. Regular use builds tolerance, which means you need a higher and higher dose to feel the same effects. Those higher doses can start changing the neurochemical balances and processes in your brain, making it crave the substance and struggle to function properly without it.

    Signs of Drug Use and Intoxication

    Physical Indicators

    If you or someone else has used a recreational drug, you’ll likely notice physical signs like these.

    1. Red or bloodshot eyes—this is especially common after smoking marijuana.
    2. Discoordination when moving around.
    3. Sudden loss of appetite. Stimulants like cocaine can curb appetite and lead to rapid weight loss.

    Behavioral Changes

    Someone’s behavior also changes when they’re intoxicated. Recreational drugs, often stimulants, can bring about especially noticeable changes in behavior. Look for signs like:

    1. Seeming “out of it,” like they’re in a dream state and not aware of what’s going on around them.
    2. Acting secretive about their whereabouts and activities.
    3. Neglecting professional and personal responsibilities.
    4. Acting unusually erratic as a result of the drug raising their energy and lowering their inhibitions.

    Psychological Signs

    The better you know someone, the easier spotting psychological signs of drug use may be. Keep an eye out for indicators like:

    1. Abrupt mood swings, where they may seem down then extremely happy, or the opposite.
    2. Paranoia is a common symptom of taking recreational drugs like marijuana. They may feel like they’re being watched, or something’s out to get them.
    3. Cognitive impairment, meaning they’re suddenly struggling to articulate their thoughts, think clearly, or make sense of what’s going on around them.

    When to Seek Help

    Recognizing the Need for Intervention

    Drinking every so often, or even using more ‘extreme’ recreational drugs sparingly, likely doesn’t pose a major problem for the person and their loved ones—though no amount of drugs used or frequency makes them safe, so stopping is always a good idea. Regular use comes with more pronounced issues that could require an intervention.

    Behaviors indicating an addiction, like neglecting responsibilities to use substances, could warrant an intervention, as could signs of physical harm. Use your best judgment to determine if someone’s drug use causes harm to themselves or others, and plan an intervention accordingly.

    Resources for Support

    Fortunately, help for recreational drug use spans far and wide. Whether you’re looking to cut back on occasional use or recover from a painful addiction, help can help. Some of your many options for healing include:

    • Therapy, which you can attend in person or virtually.
    • Residential rehabs provide clinical and therapeutic care for recreational drug addiction, including detox when needed.
    • Outpatient programs like day treatment and intensive outpatient offer regular, structured care for drug addiction, but with the ability to maintain some personal and professional responsibilities.
    • Peer support groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or SMART Recovery meetings connect you with others in recovery.

    Prevention Strategies

    Education and Awareness

    Knowing more about recreational drugs and what happens when using them can help people make informed decisions, and know what to do in times of need. Young adults can especially benefit from education and awareness on recreational drug use, as they’re likely to encounter these substances at parties and social events in college.

    Colleges can boost their efforts on spreading awareness of the risks and dangers of recreational drug use, and make their support services better-known across campus. For example, many colleges have on-campus counseling services and medical services students may not know about.

    Community Programs

    Many local communities seek to educate and spread awareness through educational materials, support groups, and by presenting alternatives to recreational drug use. To find one of these programs, search online for drug prevention programs in your city or go to your community center to see what resources they offer.

    Support Systems

    Strong support systems serve as a preventative measure against drug use and addiction6. Those in your circle can help you identify harmful use, find and practice coping strategies, and support you if you need professional treatment.

    Professional treatment providers, like doctors, therapists, and psychiatrists, can offer expert support for recovery through counseling, medical care, and helping you form a personalized care plan. With their support you can identify which practices may help you best, like traditional therapies or a blend of traditional and alternative approaches.

    Legal Risks

    Some recreational drugs are legal to use, but many aren’t. For example, having ecstasy, LSD, and marijuana (in some states) could incur criminal charges for possession. Criminal charges can lead to jail time and potentially prison. 

    This creates a criminal record that can upend future jobs, housing opportunities, and more.

    Societal Perceptions and Stigmas

    Recreational drugs carry a harmful stigma that can attach to the user—mainly, that they’re irresponsible or prioritize a good time over their safety. For younger people and college students, this stigma might not exist among peers, when using recreational drugs is more commonly accepted. But this often changes as they age and mingle with professional peers.

    Certain cultures and demographics may be particularly opposed to drug use of any sort, and any regularity.

    Thankfully, the stigmas surrounding drug use and mental health conditions have begun to dissipate. Though the progress isn’t blazingly fast, it’s there—and getting better as more people share their experiences and messages of hope.

    Getting Help: Drug Rehab for Recreational Drugs

    Help for drug addiction comes in many shapes and sizes, catering to your unique circumstances with virtual treatment, in-person care, medical or non-medical care, and even rehabs on the other side of the globe. They take many different approaches to care; some use the 12 Steps, others may focus more on holistic methods. There’s an option for you and your preferences.
    To find the treatment that’s best for you, you can use Recovery.com and filter your search by insurance, price, conditions, and more.