Category: Substances

Posted on

9 Ways To Help Someone With An Addiction

If your loved one is addicted to drugs or alcohol, you can make an impact in their life by supporting their recovery journey. Being a positive support for your loved one can help them navigate the transition to treatment, and life afterwards. If the addicted person doesn’t have a strong support network, they could easily fall back to old patterns. You can be that powerful motivator.

There are resources available to help work through addiction at all stages of rehabilitation. You can start the journey by finding addiction treatment to start the healing process today.

What To Do: How to Help Someone With an Addiction

Here are 9 ways you can help a loved one who’s struggling with addiction.

1. Educate Yourself

Addiction is not necessarily “curable,” but with understanding and guidance, it is possible to successfully manage the ups and downs of it. Education is key for family and loved ones to provide the best support to those affected by addiction. Empowering yourself through knowledge helps you through the recovery process.

The Biology of Addiction

When you take drugs, they interrupt how neurotransmitters communicate in the brain1. Addiction begins when your brain produces less of its natural neurotransmitters due to high, constant drug use. You can build up a tolerance and need to take more of the substance. At first, using drugs or drinking alcohol is a choice, but it can soon spiral out of control.

v9GdmIJZF17QB5Rwn6wMkJnFq6F76ZubvSHV9oVT4rwkIyeWHmCG3 DhYiGv4rcNaKrC EQ4ljrjmlHCaGoZLu3b 1ER P8pXaw tt6EQu7h KUbkXFjX7ponj2yDWNkZGpvlOzPOg9WbydhDjh5oR8

Eventually, some neurotransmitter networks and areas of the brain become damaged from the constant disruption. Because of this, addiction changes your brain chemistry, so many scientists believe that it is a disease. In some ways, you can look at addiction like cancer or diabetes. It’s an ongoing disease that, luckily, can be treatable. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) thoughtfully puts it, “addiction is a disease, not a character flaw2.”

2. Recognize The Signs of Relapse

Just like other diseases, relapse is always possible. So, being aware of warning signs is crucial. Everyone’s triggers are different, but common ones include stress and trauma. 

If your loved one is about to relapse, you might notice them fudging the truth, keeping secrets, or lying about their whereabouts. They could also show other changes in behavior such as:

  • Being withdrawn or distant
  • Showing a loss of interest in activities they like
  • Displaying mood swings

If you notice this, you may want to start gathering resources for help and talk to a professional. 

3. Listen

Be compassionate with your loved one. Ask them questions about why they drink or use drugs. And speak without judgment. Getting them to trust you with this vulnerable information is the first step towards getting them the help they need.

3A. Be open-minded: Ask questions that can help your loved one reflect on their addiction and their progress. Don’t judge the person or their decisions. Show that you are open to different approaches and solutions.

4. Be Patient

This process can be a great opportunity to show your loved one how much you care. Being patient and empathetic throughout their recovery journey will help them through difficult times and be greatly appreciated. Let the person know that you care and understand what they are going through. Your presence and support will be invaluable to them.

5. Vocalize Your Support

Sometimes, we think actions speak louder than words, but voicing your support of this journey is so important. Just saying, “I love you, and we’re going to get through this together” can encourage your loved one during a confusing and difficult time. Here are some more supportive phrases for recovery:

1. “I’m here for you no matter what.”

2. “I’m proud of you for seeking help.”

3. “I believe in you.”

4. “I’m here to help.”

5. “You can do this.”

Words of Support and Encouragement for Your Loved One During Their Recovery Journey.

6. Set Healthy Boundaries

Prioritize yourself and your wellbeing while helping your loved one. It is a difficult process, so remember to take a break when needed. It’s okay if you are unable to be involved in every aspect of their healing. If a situation becomes heated, consider setting a boundary such as taking a break from the conversation to reflect and come back to it in a more peaceful mindset. 

7. Have Realistic Expectations

Change doesn’t happen overnight. Be patient and supportive of your family member/friend’s journey of recovery. Celebrate each step of progress they make and encourage them to keep going. Don’t expect instant results, as change takes time and effort. Remind them that with perseverance, anything is possible. Be their source of hope and strength.

8. Offer resources

Suggest helpful resources or support groups that may be beneficial. Your loved one may want to look into different groups like Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous3, Women for Sobriety4, or SMART Recovery5. They can also explore our resource center with different articles to learn more about their condition or recovery in general.

9. Research Treatment and Recovery Resources

One of the biggest ways you can help your loved one is by getting them professional treatment. Rehab, outpatient programs, and/or therapy all teach clients the tools they need to regulate their emotions and behaviors to reinforce their sobriety. 

What Not To Do:

This is a sensitive time, and there are some things you might want to avoid to keep the recovery journey on track.

1. Don’t Enable

While you want to support your loved one, there’s a fine line between support and enabling. Don’t give your loved one money or a place to stay if their predicament results from drug use. Don’t tolerate negative behavior. And don’t rescue them every time they mess up. Instead, hold them accountable and practice tough love.

2. Don’t Blame Yourself or Them

Many factors go into how addiction forms, and you could end up wasting a lot of energy trying to pinpoint the cause. Instead, you can focus on taking action and moving forward to overcome this struggle.

3. Don’t Force Them To Quit

If your loved one feels like they can’t trust you because you demand they quit, that could make matters worse. They might start sneaking around or lying about their actions. And the less you know about their addiction, the less likely you’ll know how to help.

Offer to help them, but don’t demand sobriety immediately.

4. Don’t Ignore The Problem

Pretending an issue doesn’t exist doesn’t make it go away, especially for addiction. By ignoring it, you’re enabling it. You can take concrete steps to better your loved one’s life.

Find a Treatment Program For Addiction

So your loved one admits they need help, now what?

Doing some research to find the best kind of treatment for their needs is a great start. 

A good, and often necessary, first step in the healing journey is detox. Medically monitored detox safely rids your body of drugs and alcohol and can help you feel clear minded and ready to tackle treatment.

Many people then need residential rehab to overcome their addiction. Residential care can help them replace their unhealthy coping mechanism, substances, with positive habits. They’ll learn new techniques with therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to be well equipped to face the uncomfortable feelings that come with addiction recovery. And they’ll likely engage in holistic activities like yoga for well-rounded healing.

If you’re a family member, you may want to look into a program that offers family therapy. Usually, you’ll work with a therapist and your loved one. Or, they might offer a family weekend for on-site visits. Another key component of family therapy is addiction education. You’ll learn more about the addiction and recovery process, so post-treatment your loved one will have a healthy environment to come home to.

Post-residential care, sober living homes offer more flexibility while providing a comfortable place for your loved one to focus on their sobriety. They’ll likely attend an outpatient program, go to work or school, and grow with other peers in recovery. This is especially great for those who need a stable environment to heal in.

Recovery starts with a single step. You can make an impact in your loved one’s life by reaching out to addiction treatment centers.

Posted on

What Does the Bible Say About Addiction? Insights and Guidance

Healing from addiction can be a spiritual experience. For some people, the Bible is an important resource during this process. If Christian principles resonate with you, there are many ways to incorporate them into your recovery journey.

Biblical Concepts and Teachings Related to Addiction

Some scholars call addiction a “crisis of faith.”1 Drug or alcohol addiction changes your priorities. You might lose track of what you once cared about, putting your addiction before other parts of your life. Christian teachings can help you reframe your values. 

The Bible frequently refers to the duality of good and evil.2 Spiritual warfare is the ongoing battle between these forces. If you have an addiction, it might feel like that fight is taking place within your mind and body. 

Some Christians compare drug cravings to spiritual temptation.3 Whether or not you believe doing drugs is a sin, addiction can certainly cause harm. Treatment gives you coping strategies to manage your cravings, knowing they might never go away. If you see recovery as a battle against temptation, you can arm yourself for that battle with the skills you learn in therapy. 

Examples of Addiction in the Bible

Certain Biblical passages offer valuable insight into addiction. 

The Prodigal Son

In the parable of the prodigal son,4 a son leaves home and squanders his father’s wealth. Facing poverty and starvation, he returns home to ask for help. Despite his mistakes, his father welcomes him home with open arms. 

This passage teaches that asking for and offering forgiveness is essential to Christianity.5 To heal from addiction, you first need to admit that you need help. For many people, this means attending rehab or joining a support group. It can also mean learning how to heal yourself. Either way, setting an intention to recover is usually the first step.

Samson and Delilah

The story of Samson and Delilah also sheds light on the nuances of recovery. Some modern-day interpretations say Samson had a sex addiction.6 He put his love affairs before his well-being. Ultimately, he surrendered all his power to Delilah by telling her the source of his strength—symbolically giving in to his addiction. 

When Delilah cuts Samson’s hair, he becomes powerless. But the story doesn’t end there. While he’s in prison, his hair continues to grow. Even when it seems like all hope is lost, he naturally makes progress toward freedom. 

In the same way, the process of addiction recovery can surprise you. Healing is nonlinear, and it requires great courage. For some people, spiritual teachings are a source of strength.

Encouragement and Hope for Those Struggling With Addiction 

According to one study, “religion and spirituality can play a powerful role in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse7 and the maintenance of sobriety.” There are several factors at play here. 

The Value of Prayer

No matter where you are or what you’re doing, you can express your faith through prayer. That could mean anything from speaking aloud to a higher power to silently focusing your energy. You can pray alone, with a religious mentor, or in a larger spiritual community. This practice is constantly accessible. 

Prayer has more than spiritual value. It also affects your brain chemistry.8 Data shows that silent prayer activates your reward system. Because addiction damages your reward system,9 the act of praying can make it easier to heal.

Healing Through Fellowship

Community is a vital part of addiction recovery. One study found that people in faith-based communities are less likely to abuse substances.10 These communities offer fellowship, emotional support, and accountability. 

Many Christian communities are open to members. You can easily find a church or a Bible study group in your area. You might also consider joining a 12-Step group like Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.). While this fellowship draws inspiration from Christianity, 12-Step groups welcome people of every faith.

Biblical Principles for Recovery and Healing 

Dr. Harry Schaumburg, a Christian counselor, writes that “recovery is not repentance,11 and repentance is not recovery.” However, these ideas are deeply connected. 

Repentance occurs when you admit you have an addiction, turn to God, and sincerely ask for help. This might also be the moment when you quit drinking or using drugs. But healing isn’t always that simple. It could take you longer to act on your newfound faith. 

As Schaumburg says, “Heart change brings high motivation for behavior change.” In other words, repentance paves the way for recovery. At this point, you might go to rehab, seek spiritual guidance, attend therapy, or more. These practices can help you reconnect with your higher spiritual purpose.

Addressing Common Misconceptions and Criticisms

Spirituality can guide you toward a better life, but it’s just one aspect of recovery. For example, physical dependence on a drug sometimes requires medical intervention. Faith-based approaches can’t replace other types of care. 

Faith-based recovery isn’t for everyone. If spiritual ideals don’t resonate with you, this approach might not be a good fit. But if you take comfort in religion, Christian rehab can be highly effective.12 Data shows this type of treatment helps people maintain both their ongoing sobriety and a long-term connection to faith. Learn more about faith-based rehab to decide if it’s right for you.

Resources and Tools for Integrating Faith and Recovery

There are several ways to integrate Christian principles into your recovery journey.

Support Groups

  • 12-Step groups offer spiritual fellowship to people of all religious backgrounds.
  • Celebrate Recovery is a group for Christians recovering from addiction, mental health issues, loss, and more.
  • Life Recovery follows a 12-Step program like that of Alcoholics Anonymous. Unlike other 12-Step groups, these meetings have a strong focus on Christianity. 

Books

You can also incorporate religious ideals into residential treatment. Connect with a Christian rehab program to learn how. 

Frequently Asked Questions About What the Bible Says About Addiction

What biblical teachings can help people struggling with addiction?

The Bible offers insights into addiction, emphasizing the importance of faith, repentance, and forgiveness. It addresses the duality of good and evil and provides guidance on spiritual warfare. By reframing values and viewing recovery as a battle against temptation, Christians in recovery can find strength and healing in biblical teachings.

How can prayer and fellowship contribute to addiction recovery?

Prayer not only provides a constant practice that allows people to connect with their higher power, but also positively impacts the brain’s natural healing processes. Fellowship within faith-based communities provides emotional support, accountability, and a sense of belonging. Prayer and fellowship, as emphasized in the Bible, can play a powerful role in maintaining sobriety.

Is faith-based recovery suitable for everyone?

While faith-based approaches can be highly effective for those who resonate with spiritual ideals, they can’t replace other types of care, such as medical interventions for physical dependence. Faith-based recovery aligns with Christian principles and can help patients maintain long-term sobriety and a connection to faith. Consider your personal beliefs and preferences to see if this approach is right for your recovery journey.

Posted on

What Is Gas Station Heroin (Tianeptine)?

Gas station heroin, or tianeptine, acts like an opioid. It closely mimics heroin and often sells in gas stations and online stores, earning it the name “gas station heroin.” And like opioids, tianeptine can be highly addictive. 

Some states have made tianeptine illegal. Other states heed the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulation1, which states “…it is an unsafe food additive, and dietary supplements containing tianeptine are adulterated under the FD&C Act.” As such, tianeptine sellers can’t say it’s meant for consumption—or really anything else but “laboratory research.” 

But that doesn’t make gas station heroin any less addictive or any harder to get. To help you or your loved one recover, your care team might suggest going to rehab for drug addiction. 

Understanding Gas Station Heroin

Gas station heroin goes by several street names: ZaZa, Tianna, Pegasus, and TD Red. Tianeptine was created and patented as an antidepressant2 and still has that function in some European, Asian, and Latin American countries. But in the U.S., some use tianeptine as a pseudo-opioid. Because it’s not a controlled substance across the whole U.S. (yet), the legality of tianeptine proves tempting. 

Tianeptine acts like an opioid2 because it’s also a mu-opioid receptor agonist, which means it causes an influx of dopamine along your brain’s pleasure circuit. That’s why it’s effects can be compared to heroin. Tianeptine also causes opioid-like withdrawal symptoms—some say it’s even worse3.   

Despite being marketed as a demure dietary supplement, a nootropic, or a novel way to treat depression, tianeptine is far from safe. Smaller doses may prove harmless or even beneficial for non-U.S. patients taking it as prescribed. But, like heroin, tianeptine use could easily spiral into a costly addiction. 

What Are the Dangers of Gas Station Heroin?

Unknown Risks and Consequences

One of the dangers of tianeptine comes from the public’s general lack of how it’s used4 and the resulting effects. For example, gas station heroin coagulates when it gets wet3. If you try to inject it, as you would heroin, the coagulation could cause vein damage. Snorting it creates the same problems, since your nose and nasal cavity are wet, too. 

But many don’t know that. They might also assume that snorting or injecting tianeptine causes a “better” high3 than ingesting it, like heroin. In reality, that’s not true. Snorting tianeptine also hurts quite bad.  

Many also don’t know tianeptine can be addictive and have painful withdrawal symptoms. That’s understandable, since many sellers present tianeptine as a nootropic (cognitive enhancer) or as an innocent dietary supplement. Though more and more have realized the true nature of tianeptine, including the states fighting to illegalize it, it’s been too little too late for some.  

Overdose, Tolerance, and Withdrawals

Taking a seemingly safe drug with unknown effects could lead to overdoses, which have been fatal. You might not know how much is safe, how often you can take it, and what doesn’t pair well with tianeptine. These factors all increase your chance of an overdose. 

Even within “safe” doses, your tolerance will build. As time goes on, you may need to take higher and higher doses to feel the same positive effects. The more you take, the more likely an overdose becomes. And the higher and riskier your dose goes, the worse your withdrawals could feel4.    

Withdrawing from tianeptine feels like withdrawing from opioids, or worse. Tianeptine has a short half-life4, meaning withdrawal symptoms can set in fast. Symptoms can also last up to 2 weeks3. These symptoms include mental and physical effects4, like

  • Agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Drowsiness
  • Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
  • High blood pressure
  • Stomach pain and digestive issues
  • Vomiting 
  • Suicidal thoughts

In a recent localized study, over half the calls to poison control centers for tianeptine withdrawals resulted in medical care5. Tianeptine does, thankfully, respond to naloxone, which reverses the effects of an overdose. If you or someone you know needs help because of an overdose, call 911 or talk to poison control. 

Easy Access

As the nickname “gas station heroin” suggests, you can find tianeptine in some gas stations, smoke shops, and online websites. It’s highly accessible and can be all-too-easy to get a hold of (in bulk or by the bottle). But its accessibility doesn’t mean it’s safe. Here’s just a few of the reasons why:

  • 1. Unregulated Quality: The FDA doesn’t regulate gas station drugs, meaning there’s no guarantee of the quality or purity of the product. This could lead to serious health risks since the product could contain dangerous contaminants or chemicals.
  • 2. Unknown Ingredients: Many gas station drugs contain ingredients that aren’t labeled or disclosed to the consumer. This could lead to serious health risks if you’re unaware of the active ingredients in the product.
  • 3. Dosing Instructions: Gas station drugs often rarely include dosing instructions, which can lead to overdosing or underdosing, both of which can be dangerous.
  • 4. Contamination: Gas station drugs may have contaminants like bacteria, fungi, and others, which can lead to serious health risks.
  • 5. Addiction Risk: Gas station drugs can be highly addictive, leading to a dependence on the substance. This can lead to serious health risks, like withdrawal symptoms.

Despite these challenges, you do have recovery resources to find the healing you need.

Getting Help for Drug Addiction

Tianeptine could reel you in with its legality, easy access, and promises of newfound wellbeing. But you can get out of its grip. 

Many treatments for drug addiction use a combination of therapy and medications. Your doctor may prescribe benzodiazepines to ease your detox6 symptoms. Fluids and vitamins7 can help, too. 

After detoxing, you’ll begin to navigate the trauma, circumstance, or untrue thought(s) that may have led to using tianeptine. Therapies like CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy), and ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy) can change your perspective and offer new coping tools for your future. Your therapist will likely introduce you to these therapies in group and individual settings. 

During or after rehab, you can also start Narcotics Anonymous (NA). As a 12-Step peer group, NA connects you to others in recovery and helps keep you accountable. Meetings take place worldwide.
View our list of drug addiction rehabs to see photos, reviews, insurance information, and more.

Posted on

How Long Does It Take to Break an Addiction? 5 Key Factors That Affect Your Timeline

Addiction recovery is a personal journey that looks different for everyone. When you first decide to seek help for substance use disorder, you might wonder how long the process will take. While each person’s recovery journey is unique, the research shows some clear patterns that can help you set realistic expectations as you start your recovery process.

Understanding the Recovery Timeline

Let’s look at some common misunderstandings about recovery timelines to help set realistic expectations for your journey.

Infographic listing key factors that influence addiction recovery time, including type of substance used, genetics and family history, mental and physical health, environment and trigger exposure, quality of support and connections, and duration and severity of use. An illustrated stopwatch emphasizes the concept of time.

The 21-Day Myth

You may have heard that it takes just 21 days to break any habit,1 including addiction. This common belief sounds promising, but unfortunately, it’s not accurate. The idea of the 21-day timeline came from Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s 1960 book Psycho-Cybernetics. He observed that surgery patients needed about 21 days to adjust to their new appearance. Over time, people misunderstood this observation and started applying it to all kinds of behavioral changes, including breaking addiction.

But making this kind of life change takes time—and preparing yourself for a more realistic timeline can help set you up for success in recovery.

Why Breaking Addiction Takes Longer

Breaking free from addiction is a lot more complex than changing a simple habit. Drug and alcohol use create changes in your brain that affect everything from your emotions to your decision-making to the coping mechanisms you use to deal with life. Unfortunately, these changes don’t reverse themselves in just a few short weeks.

Research shows that addiction follows many of the same patterns as other strong habits2 we develop. Just like learning any new behavior, recovery involves teaching your brain new ways to respond to stress and triggers. The good news is, this means we can use proven strategies for changing behavior to help break addiction.

Giving Your Brain Time to Heal

Recovery involves more than stopping substance use. It’s about allowing your body and brain to recover from the effects of substance abuse, addressing the causes of your addiction at its core, and building new habits that support long-term recovery. You can think of it as helping your brain relearn how to function normally. During active addiction, your brain adapts in 3 important ways:3 

  1. It starts strongly connecting substances with pleasure
  2. It becomes less sensitive to natural rewards like food and social connection
  3. It has a harder time making and sticking to decisions about staying sober

Recovery means giving your brain time to heal and rebuild healthier patterns at each stage. This process takes time, patience—and often, professional support—to achieve lasting change.

While timelines vary from person to person, some experts believe there is a bare minimum for breaking addiction: 90 days of treatment.

Infographic titled 6 Main Keys to Unlock Addiction Recovery, illustrating six essential components for healing: body detoxification, brain rewiring, developing coping skills, identifying triggers, building support systems, and forming healthy habits. Each concept is paired with a key graphic, leading to an open lock symbolizing recovery.

What role does neuroplasticity play in long-term addiction recovery?

Recovery is a journey, not a destination. Each person’s journey takes as long as it takes them to achieve the quality of life they want. After a person ceases the behavior of using substances, the brain is miraculous and, over time, can heal itself, and the neuropathways can return.  The longer someone does not use drugs in obsessive and harmful ways, the more healed a brain will be after two years of nonuse.

Tanya Kraege, LCSW, CSAC, CPS | Ventus Rex

Why Treatment Often Takes 90 Days or More

While residential rehab programs typically start at 28 days, research shows that most people need more time for the best chances of success. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA),

Research indicates that most addicted individuals need at least 3 months in treatment4 to significantly reduce or stop their drug use and that the best outcomes occur with longer durations of treatment. 

This longer timeline makes sense when you consider all the changes happening in your brain and body during recovery.

During these crucial first 90 days, several important changes occur:

  • Your body rids itself of substances and begins to heal
  • Your brain starts rebuilding healthy neural pathways
  • You learn to identify and work through triggers
  • You learn and practice new coping skills
  • You build stronger support systems
  • You develop new, healthy habits to replace old patterns that led to addiction

While everyone’s journey is different, staying in treatment for enough time is one of the most important factors in successful recovery. Most people need a sufficient amount of time to change deeply rooted behavioral patterns, and longer treatment often leads to better results.

Infographic displaying seven healthy alternatives to manage addiction cravings, including physical activity, healthy snacks and hydration, deep breathing and mindfulness, creative outlets, social connection, engaging or fun activities, and sensory grounding. Each strategy is represented with a simple icon. Recovery.com logo appears in the bottom left.

Factors That Influence Your Recovery Time

Addiction is defined5 as “a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.” As such, a number of factors can influence how long it takes to recover:

1. The Type of Substance You Used

Different types of addiction require different treatment lengths. For example, physical health problems from alcohol addiction often require extended treatment because alcohol affects multiple organ systems. And with opioids and benzodiazepines, the intense impact on brain chemistry means you might need longer-term medication-assisted treatment.

2. Your History of Substance Use

The severity of the addiction—that is, the duration and pattern of drug use—significantly affects your timeline. If you’ve been using a substance for a very long time, or at very high doses, you’ll likely need a more intensive treatment approach. Your treatment team will consider several factors when creating your treatment plan:

  • How long you’ve been using substances
  • How much you typically use
  • Whether multiple substances are involved

3. Physical and Mental Health 

Your overall physical health plays an important role in your recovery process. Any existing health problems you have might affect how your body responds to treatment. Similarly, mental health conditions like anxiety or depression often require specialized treatment to address both addiction and mental health simultaneously.

Learn more about this complex condition—and how to find effective care—in our article on co-occurring disorder treatment.

4. Quality of Support

A strong support network makes a significant difference in addiction recovery. This includes:

  • Support from family members and loved ones
  • Connections with others in recovery
  • Professional help through addiction treatment programs
  • Community resources and support groups
  • Stable living environment

Building this support network is part of what you’ll work on in rehab as part of your plan to prevent relapse once you return home. Having reliable support can help you stay motivated during challenging times and celebrate your successes along the way.

5. Personal Circumstances

A few individual factors also influence recovery:

  • Age and how quickly your body heals
  • Family history and genetic factors
  • Current stress levels
  • Previous attempts at recovery
  • Work and family responsibilities
  • Living situation and daily environment

In addiction treatment, your clinical team will consider these factors when creating a treatment plan and timeline that’s tailored to your specific needs.

How do cultural or community factors affect recovery timelines?

Cultural and community factors play a significant role in shaping a person’s beliefs and understandings about addiction and recovery. An individual’s timeline for treatment or recovery may be impacted by stigma in their community, lack of culturally appropriate support, or pressure to prioritize culture and community over recovery and treatment. There also may be cultural and community factors that identify specific timeframes for recovery based on their understanding and structure. Counselors often need to build extra trust and tailor approaches that respect those dynamics because recovery isn’t one-size-fits-all.

Andrew Schreier, ICS, CSAC, LPC, ICGC-II, BACC

The Science of Breaking Addiction

Understanding the science behind addiction can help explain why recovery takes time—and why professional support is so valuable.

Understanding Brain Changes

Addiction changes your brain’s natural reward system6 and decision-making processes. When you regularly use substances, your brain adapts by reducing its own production of feel-good chemicals. This is why breaking addiction takes time and professional care—your brain needs to rebuild these natural systems.

How Cravings Affect Recovery

When you use substances regularly, your brain adapts to expect them.7 That’s why when you stop using, you’ll experience powerful cravings that can feel overwhelming at first. This helps explain why early recovery can feel so challenging—your brain needs time to unlearn these strong associations. In rehab, you’ll learn how to handle these feelings as you keep moving toward your recovery goals. 

Rehabs teach strategies like these to help you manage cravings:

  • Recognizing early warning signs
  • Using distraction techniques
  • Urge surfing and other mindfulness tools
  • Applying stress management skills
  • Reaching out for support when you need it

Understanding Treatment Options

The good news is that addiction is a treatable disorder8 that responds well to proper care. Addiction treatment options exist along a spectrum, and finding the right type of care is essential to your recovery. 

Let’s look at how different levels of care meet different needs:

Detox 

Not everyone needs detox, but if you’re severely physically dependent on a substance, it’s extremely important to detox under medical supervision. This is especially true if you use alcohol, opioids, or benzos. Detoxing in a substance-free, recovery-focused environment means you’re less likely to relapse when withdrawal symptoms get challenging. It also ensures your detoxification is as safe and as comfortable as possible. 

Inpatient Treatment (30-90 Days)

Inpatient treatment offers the highest level of support during early recovery. You’ll receive round-the-clock care in a treatment facility, where addiction professionals guide you through a personalized treatment plan. The structured environment removes you from daily triggers and stress, allowing you to focus completely on your recovery. During your stay, you’ll participate in intensive behavioral therapy and have access to comprehensive support services, including individual counseling, group therapy, and holistic healing approaches.

Outpatient Treatment (3-12 Months)

Outpatient addiction treatment lets you continue working or caring for your family while receiving a high level of professional support. You’ll attend therapy and counseling sessions several times per week, participate in support groups, and learn to practice recovery skills in real-world situations. This option helps you build a local support network while maintaining your daily responsibilities.

Relapse Prevention and Continuing Care (Ongoing)

Recovery is a lifestyle: It continues long after initial treatment ends. Aftercare helps you maintain the progress you started in rehab through regular counseling, check-ins with your healthcare providers, and regularly attending support groups. Many people find that this level of support helps them navigate the challenges of recovery and stay motivated toward their goals. Remember that seeking additional support if you’re struggling isn’t a sign of failure—it’s a smart way to protect your well-being.

Keep in mind that when it comes to recovery, progress is a process. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains:

Drug treatment9 is intended to help addicted individuals stop compulsive drug seeking and use. Treatment can occur in a variety of settings, take many different forms, and last for different lengths of time. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-term process that involves multiple interventions and regular monitoring. 

True Healing Takes Time

Recovery is about more than just stopping substance use—it’s about creating sustainable, long-term lifestyle change. 

These changes don’t happen overnight. Like learning any new skill, building a better life takes consistent practice over time. Be patient with yourself while you take small steps forward. As you develop new routines, find activities you enjoy, and learn better ways to handle stress, your journey will start to feel more and more rewarding. 

Recovery life takes time. And the sooner you start your recovery journey, the sooner your healing can begin.

What leads to a long-term and sustained recovery?

A long-term and sustained recovery is about more than sobriety. It involves lifestyle changes, purpose-driven actions, and supportive relationships. People that I know in long-term recovery have discovered that it is a lifetime process of continual growth and course correction. Tough times happen and challenges do occur, but as we grow in our recovery, so too do we grow in our resilience and our capacity for hope.

Caroline Beidler, MSW

Build a New Life Beyond Addiction

Finding the right treatment team can make all the difference in helping you break the cycle of addiction. As you look for a rehab program, consider your unique recovery goals. How much medical care do you need during treatment? Are you also healing from a co-occurring mental health issue? Do you want to practice relationship skills? These questions and others like them can help you find the best program for you.

Browse rehab programs and get the help you need to break out of addiction. 

FAQs

Q: How long does it take to break an addiction?

A: While you might have heard it takes 21 days to break a habit, that’s actually a myth. Most people need at least 90 days of addiction treatment to make significant progress in their recovery. The longer you stay in treatment, the better your chances of success.

Q: How long do withdrawal symptoms and detox last?

A: Everyone’s detox experience is different, and the timeline depends on what substance you used and your personal health factors. If you’ve been using alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines, it’s especially important to detox under medical supervision. This keeps you safe and comfortable while helping prevent relapse during this challenging time.

Q: How long do addiction cravings last?

A: Even after 90 days of treatment, you might still experience cravings—and that’s completely normal. While cravings may not disappear entirely, you’ll learn effective strategies to manage them, including:

  • Spotting your personal warning signs early
  • Using proven distraction techniques
  • Practicing mindfulness
  • Managing stress in healthy ways
  • Reaching out when you need support

Q: What affects the timeline for addiction recovery?

A: Your recovery timeline is unique to you and depends on several factors:

  • Which substance you used and for how long
  • Your physical and mental health
  • Your support system
  • Personal factors like age and genetics
  • Past recovery experiences
  • Your current living situation and stress levels

Posted on

What Are Designer Drugs?

Designer drugs are synthetic drugs created to mimic traditional drugs. They sell through gray areas in drug legislations—and can adapt as quickly as legislations change. For those reasons, they’re sometimes called “legal highs”.

Designer drugs carry risks health professionals and law enforcement haven’t fully realized yet. And designer drugs can evolve and change with relative ease, making all the types and variants hard to keep track of. 

But for each new designer drug, a way to heal exists. For example, you can go to rehab for designer drug use.  

What Exactly Is a Designer Drug?

Here, designer doesn’t mean fancy. The “designer” class of drugs just means someone designed the drug to act in a certain way1. It also means it was designed to skirt the law through cracks in controlled substance legislations. 

They’re sold in packaging that says they’re “not for human consumption,” which can keep their manufacturers somewhat safe from legal trouble.

Some designer drugs began as a research project2. Shady scientists can hijack the research made on the brain and tailor a drug to have a particular reaction. Designer drugs originated overseas, produced in places like China and Europe before shipping to America. 

Young teens and military members use designer drugs1 more often since they don’t always appear in drug tests. The packaging and names of designer drugs also cater to young teens, with bright colors, fun designs, and names like Green Giant and Joker.

Are Designer Drugs The Same As Synthetic Drugs?

Synthetic drugs don’t always have illegal connotations, as designer drugs do. For example, morphine is a synthetic drug. Though someone could abuse it, morphine wasn’t designed, manufactured, and sold with that in mind. 

Designer drugs specifically mimic other illegal drugs—but with chemical properties most toxicology screens won’t notice. Chemicals like fentanyl, morphine, and LSD would show.

And like any other drug, natural or synthetic, designer drugs come with a unique set of risks and side effects.

Common Risks And Side Effects of Designer Drug Use

No drug is without risk. But for designer drugs, their sneaky manufacturing and profit-motivated sellers create problems we’re yet to fully understand.

For example, most designer drug users don’t take just one2. They may combine 2 or more designer stimulants, or make a speedball with a depressant and stimulant. The process of making designer drugs hasn’t been regulated in any way either, meaning you could take a much higher dose than intended or something you never meant to take. 

The general side effects of designer drug3 use include

  • Serotonin syndrome
  • Seizures
  • Hyperthermia
  • Psychosis
  • Insomnia
  • Paranoia
  • Hypertension
  • Heart attack
  • Kidney failure
  • Tachycardia

The more precise effects of designer drugs vary based on the kind you take. 

The 7 Different Types of Designer Drugs

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)4 recognizes 7 different kinds of designer drugs. They might add more in the future, but for now, these 7 are what they’ve been able to identify.

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Most synthetic cannabinoids began as an innocent research project5. Synthetic cannabinoids affect receptors throughout the body in the same way as THC (found in marijuana). It creates an elevated mood and sense of relaxation5. Almost all synthetic cannabinoids go by the street name Spice.

Compared to natural marijuana, Spice usually has a stronger effect5 and higher potential for toxicity. 

The chemical compound of Spice coats plant material, making it look like marijuana. You can smoke Spice like regular weed, snort it, or eat it. Its side effects include acute psychosis, anxiety, tachycardia, confusion, paranoia, and delusions. 

Phenethylamines

Phenethylamines are synthetic hallucinogens6, called 2Cs for their 2 connecting carbon molecules. Other street names include N-Bomb, based on the chemical name 25I-NBOMe. They communicate with serotonin receptors in the brain7. 

Phenethylamines recently hit the U.S. market after they were made to research serotonin receptors7. You can snort, smoke, inject, or swallow N-Bomb as a liquid or powder. After use, side effects like depersonalization, delirium, extreme confusion, violence, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, bizarre behavior, and heart failure can occur. 

Arylcyclohexylamines

Arylcyclohexylamines cause a dissociative high. The drug compounds of arylcyclohexylamines include ketamine, phencyclidines (PCP)8, and more. PCP goes by the street name “angel dust” as it’s typically “dusted” over marijuana and tobacco before smoking. Many synthetic arylcyclohexylamines were originally designed as anesthetics. PCP began that way too, before retiring to a veterinary anesthetic for its side effects. 

Ketamine isn’t as strong as PCP but still has addictive potential, especially at higher doses. Smaller doses, however, can be therapeutic. 

These designer drugs can cause violent behavior, hallucinations, amnesia, coma, ataxia, catatonia, and tachycardia. 

Tryptamines

Everyone has naturally occurring tryptamines—serotonin, melatonin, and others. But synthetic tryptamines act as hallucinogens9. They typically mimic the effects of LSD and DMT (psychedelic found in plants and animals). Street names include “Foxy”, “Foxy-Methoxy”, “Alpha-O”, and “5-MEO”. 

Tryptamines cause hallucinations and some stimulant effects9. They can also cause agitation, muscle tension, death, and rhabdomyolysis. Designer tryptamines come as pills, capsules, powders, or a liquid. 

Piperazines

Piperazines cause many of the same effects as ecstasy10, a stimulant. Similar to ecstasy, they’re marketed toward party-goers and even created to look like ecstasy. Its slang names include “party pills”, “Jax”, “Legal E”, “Flying Angel”, and “Pep X”.

Piperazines gained popularity worldwide as a mislabeled legal alternative to meth and MDMA (ecstasy)10. There’s little regulation or control over piperazines, making them an especially risky designer drug.

After taking piperazines, which come as a pill or powder, you might experience seizures, hallucinations, kidney failure, and respiratory acidosis.  

Pipradrol

Pipradrol, a stimulant11, was first used as an antidepressant. It was also used to treat dementia and obesity. But pipradrol was quickly recalled due to its potential for abuse. Its effects mirror amphetamines—without some of the undesirable side effects. Pipradrols suppress appetite and don’t cause noticeable overexcitement, like other stimulants.

Pipradrol’s street names include MRD-108 and Alpha. Its toxic effects include hallucinations, death, anxiety, nausea, and convulsions. 

Cathinones

Cathinones mimic cocaine12, ecstasy, and MDMA as designer central nervous system stimulant. They’re commonly called bath salts and cause a sense of euphoria. Being marketed as a designer drug, you can find bath salts online, in gas stations, smoke shops, and adult stores. 

Other street names include “Bliss,” “Blue Silk,” “Glass Cleaner,” and “Super Coke.” The active ingredient in cathinone comes from a khat plant. Scientists synthesized a drug based on the khat plant to form bath salts, which look like small, opaque rocks. Taking bath salts can cause psychosis, confusion, violence, hypertension, seizures, death, paranoia, and delusions. 

The makers of designer drugs suggest they’re a fun alternative to “real” drugs. Or, a way to take drugs without getting caught—or without accidentally hurting yourself. 

But neither proves true.

Are Designer Drugs Addictive?

Yes. Some designer drugs could be even more addictive than the drug they’re copying. Fentanyl, for example, mimics natural opioids like heroin13—but it’s 50 times more potent.  

Most designer drugs are supposed to be addictive1. What begins as an experiment or coping tool can spiral out of control and into addiction. Because, with the easier accessibility of designer drugs, feeding the habit isn’t too difficult. Finding a reason to stop could feel unnecessary.

But you can. 

Getting Help for Designer Drug Use

 Designer drug addiction often responds well to the same treatments used for natural drug addictions. Some benzodiazepines can help1 with long-term treatment and withdrawal. 

Some patients confront their need for treatment in an emergency room. An ER can get you stabilized and ready for the next steps in treatment, like a residential rehab with 24/7 support.

In treatment, you’ll likely have group and individual therapy to address the thoughts and behaviors behind your addiction. You might also join 12 Step meetings, which encourage you to find support in your higher power and in your peers. Many rehabs take insurance to make the cost of care more affordable. And your family can heal with you too, since most rehabs also offer family services. 
Treatment for designer drug use has the potential to unlock a life of recovery. To learn more about your recovery resources, you can browse our list of rehabs with reviews, pricing, insurance information, and photos.

Posted on

What Is a Sponsor in Addiction Recovery? 

As a mentor and friend, a sponsor supports every part of your recovery progress, and plays a vital role in guiding your recovery journey. Whether by answering questions, holding you accountable, or just listening, they can help you commit to healing. Sponsors can help in any phase of recovery, especially when you’re newly sober.

Having a sponsor in addiction recovery isn’t mandatory. However, most 12-Step programs encourage you to find one. To do that, it’s important to understand the purpose of this relationship.

What Does a Sponsor Do?

A sponsor does a lot of different things, but their primary role is to offer guidance. In most 12-Step programs, a sponsor is a senior member1 who has been sober for at least a year. With personal experience in recovery, they can help you learn how to work the 12 Steps. 

Sponsorship is one of the key differences between 12-Step vs. non-12-Step programs. Studies show sponsorship leads to better recovery outcomes.2 Once you connect with your sponsor, you can come to them with any questions about addiction and the program itself. For example, say you have a few tough weeks and miss a couple of meetings. Expect a call from your sponsor to get you back on track. Your sponsor’s job is to hold you accountable, encouraging you to do the work to attain and maintain your sobriety.

Qualities of a Good Sponsor

A good sponsor is there for you but also knows when to let you figure things out for yourself. You should always feel comfortable reaching out to them for help. Here are some qualities to look for in a sponsor:3

  • They can guide you in the right direction: Your sponsor can answer your questions about membership, the 12 Steps, and addiction. They’ll also encourage your program attendance and participation. A good sponsor knows you’re responsible for yourself and capable of making your own decisions. Still, they’ll give you a nudge to keep you moving forward if you ever need it.
  • They set boundaries: It’s always okay to ask your sponsor for support. But a good sponsor lets you know when contacting them is appropriate. You can agree on times and ways to connect that work for both of you. 
  • They listen and offer support: Your sponsor is there to advise and support you—but they’re not your therapist. A good sponsor knows when a professional should step in. They may even connect you with outside resources.
  • They’re patient: Addiction recovery takes time. A good sponsor understands that you’ll face challenges as you adjust to sobriety. They’ll keep supporting you even when you’re having a hard time.
  • They understand you: With an understanding sponsor, it’s easier to ask for help. You might seek someone with a similar background to yours. Maybe you’re a mom of 4. A sponsor who has been through motherhood and addiction might understand you on a deeper level. But everyone’s needs are different. Sometimes it’s better to find a sponsor with a different history of addiction. You never know what you can learn from a new perspective. Considering your unique recovery goals can help you find the right fit.

What Does a Sponsor Not Do?

There are some things your sponsor shouldn’t do.4 Even if you like them as a person, you should be wary if your sponsor shows any red flags: 

  • They impose their personal views on you: Your sponsor shouldn’t judge your recovery process. They might have similar experiences, but only you know what’s best for you. A sponsor should never urge you to make a decision based solely on their own beliefs. 
  • You’re already close with them: It’s not a good idea to have a loved one as your sponsor. You should be able to trust your sponsor and open up to them. Sometimes, personal relationships can lead to bias.
  • They exploit you: Your sponsor should never try to take advantage of you. Anyone in early recovery is in a vulnerable space. Your sponsor should understand that and do everything they can to empower you.
  • They’re not engaged in the program: If your sponsor regularly misses meetings, or you question their sobriety, they likely aren’t the best person to help you.
  • They believe they have every answer: A good sponsor isn’t afraid to say, “I don’t know.” If you feel like your sponsor always thinks they’re right or never considers another way, they might not be a good choice.

If you notice red flags like these, reach out to trusted members of your support network, both in and outside of AA. You can also talk to your therapist. And remember: you always have the right to change sponsors. AA’s literature on sponsorship5 specifies: 

We are always free to select another sponsor with whom we feel more comfortable, particularly if we believe this member will be more helpful to our growth in A.A.

How to Find a Sponsor

Typically, the process of finding a sponsor is informal. You might notice someone in the 12-Step program you admire. Maybe their outlook on sobriety inspires you, or they seem very open and honest. All you have to do is ask them to be your sponsor. Then, they can either accept or decline.

As a newcomer, you can also ask around the program. At some meetings, the leader may ask people who want to become sponsors to raise their hands. You can also ask people you meet if they know of anyone interested in taking on that role.

Your Responsibilities as a Sponsee

Just like your sponsor, you’ll have certain responsibilities in this relationship. Here are some tips to be a good sponsee:

  • Show up: Attending meetings regularly helps you stay on track. Try to let your sponsor know in advance if you have to miss a meeting.
  • Respect your sponsor’s boundaries: After you and your sponsor agree on boundaries, it’s important to honor them. Your sponsor has their own responsibilities outside of your recovery process. Of course, there may be times when you need to call them out of the blue. But this is an opportunity to practice building respectful relationships. Recognizing the other person’s needs is an important part of that process.
  • Work the 12 Steps: Show your sponsor that you’re just as committed to your recovery as they are. You can do this by working the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous or another 12-Step program. Sometimes you might leave meetings with assignments. Dedicate time to work on your sobriety outside of the program. Then, talk to your sponsor about your progress.
  • Don’t overshare: It’s easy to overshare as you become more comfortable with your sponsor. There’s nothing wrong with seeing your sponsor as a friend. But your sponsor isn’t your partner, your parent, or a clinician. They’re just one person in your wider support network. 

In most 12-Step programs, your sponsor plays an integral role. Still, many people reach sobriety without a sponsor at any point in addiction recovery. It all depends on what makes the most sense for your recovery process. 

Learn more about sponsorship and 12-Step rehab programs that might be a good fit for you.

Frequently Asked Questions About AA Sponsorship

What’s the role of a sponsor in my recovery?

A sponsor serves as a mentor and guide, providing crucial support throughout your recovery journey. They offer guidance, answer questions about addiction and the program, and help you work the 12 Steps. While having a sponsor isn’t mandatory, it’s highly encouraged in most 12-Step programs for better outcomes.

What qualities should I look for in a good sponsor?

A good sponsor should be knowledgeable and able to give guidance, while also maintaining healthy boundaries and encouraging your personal responsibility. A good sponsor listens, offers support, and understands the challenges of addiction recovery. Finding someone who understands your background and recovery goals can be beneficial.

What are red flags to watch out for in a sponsor?

While sponsors are meant to support your recovery, there are certain warning signs to be aware of. A sponsor should not impose their personal views, exploit you, or be disengaged from the program. It’s also important to avoid choosing a sponsor who is a close friend or family member to maintain objectivity. If you notice any red flags, seek support from other trusted people in your support network and consider changing sponsors.

Posted on

Alcohol vs. Marijuana: Is One Safer Than the Other?

Alcohol and marijuana use are both socially acceptable, and they can both be dangerous. But is one safer than the other? That’s a complicated question—partly because “safety” means something different for everyone. No matter how safe a substance seems, addiction is always possible.

Alcohol Use 

It may feel like almost everyone you know drinks alcohol. Around the world, this is one of the most socially acceptable substances. In 2021, more than 78% of Americans aged 12 and older reported using alcohol at least once in their lifetime.1 

How Addictive Is Alcohol?

Alcohol addiction is more common2 than other drug addictions in the U.S. There’s no fixed timeline for how quickly or easily this condition develops. Depending on your genetics, your drinking habits, and other factors, it could take several years or just a few months for you to need treatment.

Several factors can give you a greater risk of addiction. For one thing, it depends on how long alcohol stays in your system. Some people get drunk faster than others, or have a naturally low tolerance to alcohol. If you keep drinking regularly, your tolerance will go up. That means you’ll have to drink more and more to feel the same effects. This cycle can quickly lead to addiction.

Binge and heavy drinking also play a significant role in developing alcohol use disorder. For many people, it’s perfectly safe to have a drink or 2 with friends on occasion. But if you’re getting drunk every day, or blacking out every time you go to the bar, you may be more vulnerable to addiction.

Risk Factors of Alcohol Use Disorder 

It’s easy to overlook the short and long-term consequences of excessive drinking.3 Alcohol abuse impairs your judgment, and it can lead to impulsive decisions. Experts note a few common short-term risks of heavy drinking:

  • Injuries like car crashes, burns, and falls are common when you’ve been drinking. In the U.S., 1 person dies in an alcohol-related car accident4 every 45 minutes.
  • Alcohol poisoning is a medical emergency5 that can cause vomiting or seizures, and even be life-threatening. 
  • Risky sexual behavior may result in accidental pregnancy. It can also expose you to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), like herpes or HIV.

With ongoing alcohol abuse, you’ll also face certain long-term risks:6

  • Health conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, digestive problems, stroke, and liver disease
  • Cancer, including breast, throat, esophageal, and colon cancer
  • Mental illness such as depression and anxiety
  • Weakening of the immune system, which increases your likelihood of getting sick and makes it harder to heal from any illness
  • Memory and learning problems, which can cause problems at school or work
  • Relationship problems with loved ones, colleagues, and your wider community

When to Seek Help for Excessive Drinking 

Alcohol affects everyone differently. It might be hard to notice when your drinking becomes a problem. So how do you know when you cross the line?

This question is very personal. Drinking might not cause any major problems in your life at first, or ever. But if you’re wondering whether you need help, you might be onto something. In a sober moment, you can take an inventory of your behavior by answering a few questions:

  • Do you usually drink more than you planned? 
  • Can you go a whole day without drinking alcohol?
  • Do you drink at inappropriate times (at work, first thing in the morning, etc.)? 
  • Does drinking interfere with important parts of your life? 
  • Do you hide your drinking from other people?
  • Do you often make poor decisions when you drink?  
  • Are your loved ones concerned about your drinking habits?
  • Do you think you have an alcohol addiction?

With a clearer sense of your own drinking habits, you can decide on next steps. However, only a professional can diagnose you with alcohol use disorder. If you think you need help, you can contact a rehab or share your thoughts with a specialist.

Marijuana Use 

Between alcohol and cannabis, many people see marijuana as the lesser evil. You might not even know that weed is addictive.7 As legalization becomes more widespread in the U.S., so do studies shedding light on cannabis use, weed’s potential risks and benefits,8 and addiction.

Medicinal Benefits of Marijuana

When you use it safely, marijuana has many medicinal benefits.9 It’s especially helpful for people with chronic pain. Some see cannabis as a safer alternative to prescription opioids and other narcotics. Natural chemicals like THC and CBD, which appear in most strains of marijuana, also have several other effects.

For example, CBD oil can help with anxiety10 and depression. It can also protect against neurological issues like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. 

There’s no doubt marijuana can help people. But it’s up to you to decide if marijuana products will benefit you in the long run. Thinking about your relationship with substances is always a great place to start.

Is Marijuana More Addictive Than Alcohol? 

Whether marijuana is more addictive than alcohol is a complex question, and there’s no simple answer. On the surface, cannabis might seem like a medicine that does more good than harm. But just about any substance can be addictive11—even seemingly harmless ones like caffeine or ibuprofen. And marijuana is no exception. 

The health effects of marijuana use, however, are generally less risky than those of alcohol. Many studies suggest cannabis has a lower risk for health-related harms12 like cancer, death from severe withdrawal, and liver damage. And one study found that marijuana has a much lower risk of overdose than alcohol. Still, we need more data on weed and addiction.

Effects of Excessive Marijuana Use 

Abusing marijuana has both short and long-term impacts13 on your health. Some of its short-term effects might be enjoyable, but others are dangerous:

  • Enhanced sensory perception and euphoria: You may feel happy, and sights and sounds may become more profound.
  • Drowsiness and relaxation: Some strains of marijuana have more powerful sedative effects than others.
  • Slowed reaction times: Marijuana makes activities like driving more dangerous.
  • Problems with balance and coordination: Marijuana can make you feel dizzy or lightheaded.
  • Anxiety: Marijuana can increase anxiety levels over time—not just while you’re using it.

Continuing marijuana use over time also has long-term effects:

  • Chronic cough and frequent respiratory infections: The more you smoke marijuana, the more harmful toxins go into your lungs. Over time, this can lead to serious physical problems.
  • Learning and memory problems: Studies show regular marijuana use alters memory,14 learning, and impulse control. 
  • Mental health issues: Excessive ongoing marijuana use can lead to anxiety,15 depression, and psychosis.

When to Seek Help for Marijuana Abuse 

It can be even harder to recognize marijuana addiction than alcohol abuse. If you think you might need help, you can start by answering these questions:

  • Do you usually use high doses of marijuana?
  • Is it hard to go a day without using marijuana? 
  • Do you use marijuana at work or school?
  • Is marijuana use causing problems in your life? 
  • Are you detaching from the people closest to you or spending most of your time with other friends who use marijuana?
  • Have you ever had a relapse after trying to stop using marijuana? 
  • Do you drive while high?
  • Are your loved ones concerned about your marijuana use?
  • Do you think you have a marijuana addiction?

If you answered yes to some or all of these questions, you might want to share your responses with a clinical expert. They’ll be able to give you a proper diagnosis and help you plan for the future.

Treatment Options for Marijuana Abuse

Treatment for marijuana abuse16 normally includes a combination of therapies. Depending on where you go to rehab, you may have access to a variety of options: 

It’s important to find a program that can support your personal goals for recovery. If you need help with marijuana addiction, learn more about treatment at marijuana rehabs.

Treatment Options for Alcohol Abuse 

When you start treatment for alcohol addiction, you’ll probably need to attend detox first. Without proper medical care, alcohol withdrawal can be dangerous or even fatal. Healthcare professionals can help you safely begin recovery.

Once you complete detox, your rehab may provide a variety of alcohol addiction treatment options:17

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy 
  • Motivational enhancement therapy (MET)
  • Family counseling
  • Medications
  • Peer support groups

Browse alcohol rehabs that offer these therapies and more.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alcohol vs. Marijuana

Is alcohol or marijuana safer to use?

Both alcohol and marijuana can be dangerous substances, and addiction is a potential risk regardless of perceived safety. It’s important to exercise caution and make informed decisions about substance use to minimize potential risks and harms.

How addictive is alcohol compared to marijuana?

Alcohol addiction is more common than marijuana addiction. The development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) depends on various factors like genetics, drinking habits, and individual traits. Marijuana, though generally considered less risky, can still be addictive (as any substance can be). Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between marijuana use and addiction.

When should I seek help for alcohol or marijuana abuse?

Recognizing when to seek help for marijuana or alcohol abuse can be challenging. If you find either substance interfering with your life, or if you find yourself questioning your substance use, talking to a professional can be helpful.

Posted on

Why Is Alcohol Considered a Drug?

By definition, alcohol is a drug because it impacts the way your brain works. Not everyone sees it that way, partly because we no longer use alcohol for medical reasons. Today, people drink to celebrate, socialize, and relax. But like any other drug, alcohol can lead to addiction.

Alcohol: What Makes It a Drug?

Alcohol is a psychotropic central nervous system (CNS) depressant.1 Here’s what that means: 

  • Psychotropic drugs affect the way you think and feel. In other words, alcohol can change your mood, thoughts, and behavior. Other psychotropic drugs include cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine. 
  • Central nervous system depressants slow down your brain activity. This relaxes your muscles and makes you feel at ease. Other depressants include prescription drugs like Xanax, Valium, and Klonopin. 

How Alcohol Affects Your Brain and Body

When you drink, alcohol slows down communication between your brain cells.2 This makes you feel more relaxed as early as 15 minutes after you start drinking. Your unique metabolism determines how long alcohol stays in your system. 

For most people, the liver can only process about 1 drink an hour.3 If you drink more than that, you may feel more intense side effects. These can include lower inhibitions, intense emotions, and a loss of muscle coordination. You might even black out—which is when your brain stops recording memories due to binge drinking. If you drink beyond your body’s capacity, you can even get alcohol poisoning.

Alcohol also has long-term effects4 on your brain and body. For example, alcohol is a carcinogen, meaning it causes cancer. Long-term drinking wears down the immune system, which makes you more likely to get sick. According to the CDC, excessive drinking contributes to “high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems.” There’s also a link between alcohol and certain mental health issues, like anxiety and depression.

Alcohol Is Classified as a Depressant

The term “depressant” refers to slowing neural activity,5 not depression as a mental health issue. Certain prescription depressants can even treat anxiety and insomnia. Not every depressant makes you feel depressed. 

However, experts point out a link between alcohol and the feeling of sadness.6 According to one study, 1 out of 3 people with alcohol addiction have “experienced episodes of intense depression and/or severe anxiety.” This data suggests that alcohol addiction might indeed cause depression.

Is Alcohol Addictive?

Alcohol is highly addictive.7 However, not everyone with alcohol use disorder develops physical dependence. To find the right type of treatment, you can learn about the difference between physical and psychological addiction.

Physical Addiction

Drinking releases endorphins8—neurochemicals that make you feel euphoric. The more often and heavily you drink, the more your brain will associate good feelings with drinking. So any time you want to feel good, you’ll start craving alcohol. This cycle can quickly lead to addiction.9 

Because alcohol is a depressant, suddenly quitting drinking reactivates your central nervous system.10 This leads to physical withdrawal symptoms which can range from being uncomfortable to life-threatening. For some people, fear of these symptoms becomes a barrier to long-term treatment. 

Psychological Addiction

Many people abuse alcohol to self-medicate11 anxiety, trauma, and other mental health conditions. This doesn’t always lead to physical dependence. But if you keep drinking in spite of negative consequences, it can still constitute addiction.

According to the National Institute of Health,12 this strategy doesn’t work in the long term: 

“Drinking to cope with stress—while it may provide temporary relief from emotional discomfort—tends to enhance negative emotional states between bouts of alcohol consumption. These changes can motivate further drinking and cause an individual to become stuck in an unhealthy cycle of alcohol consumption.”

While alcohol is considered a drug, it still has cultural and economic value in the U.S. In fact, alcohol is a $363.33 billion industry.13 Alcohol was illegal in the U.S. during Prohibition, from 1920-1933.14 But the ban didn’t last long. Illegal alcohol was a public health threat, and creating a black market for drinking didn’t serve the economy. This is similar to the recent change in policy around marijuana legalization. When drugs are legal, the government can regulate them for safety and tax them to boost the economy. 

How Alcohol Abuse Affects Your Loved Ones

Alcohol addiction doesn’t only affect you. It can also impact your wider community:

  • Drinking takes up time. You might spend long nights away from home, or be too hungover to enjoy other activities with family.
  • Alcohol causes conflict. Because alcohol impairs judgment, you might act very differently when you’re drinking. On top of that, abusing alcohol can make you more aggressive.15
  • Drinking can damage trust. Many people try to hide their alcohol abuse.16 You might want to avoid consequences at work or protect your loved ones from the truth. If you have high-functioning alcohol addiction, this could go on for some time. But eventually, your loved ones will realize something’s wrong and feel betrayed as a result.
  • Alcohol addiction is expensive. Drinking can drain your finances, which puts stress on partnerships and families. 
  • Alcohol affects your work. Drugs, including alcohol, can make it hard to focus. Being drunk, hungover, or sleep deprived at work might damage your professional relationships. You might even risk losing your job, which could affect your family.
  • Drinking can cause legal problems. Alcohol abuse impairs your judgment. If you drive drunk, for example, you could get in an accident or get arrested. Even if no one gets hurt, that can damage your reputation and your closest relationships.

Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Abuse

If you think you might be addicted to alcohol, it’s important to get a professional diagnosis. As you plan to speak to an expert, take stock of your drinking habits. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines alcohol addiction17 by a few specific criteria:

  • Do you often drink more than you planned to?
  • Do you spend excessive amounts of time drinking or recovering from drinking?
  • Have you ever tried to quit drinking and failed? Has this happened more than once?
  • Have you ever wanted a drink so intensely you couldn’t think about anything else?
  • Does drinking or being hungover often interfere with your other responsibilities (family, friends, work, school, etc.)?
  • Have you ever given up activities you cared about in order to drink instead?
  • Does drinking make you feel depressed, anxious, or otherwise unwell? If so, do you continue to drink anyway?
  • Does alcohol have less of an effect on you than it used to? If so, does this make you drink more?
  • Do you ever feel shaky, nauseous, or have trouble sleeping when the effects of drinking start to wear off?

When to Seek Professional Help for Alcohol Use

It’s never too early to ask for help. If you think you have alcohol use disorder, you very well might. An addiction expert can help you decide which type of treatment will best suit your needs. 

Treatment Options

Everyone’s experience with alcohol addiction is unique. What works for someone else might not be a good fit for you. However, there are a few common treatments for alcohol abuse:

  • Alcohol detox: Quitting drinking abruptly can cause potentially dangerous withdrawal symptoms.18 These can even be life-threatening. In a medical detox program, your care team will keep you safe throughout this process. Some rehabs require you to attend medical detox before you start longer-term treatment.
  • Residential rehab for alcohol addiction: In these programs, you’ll live on-site at a treatment center. Your length of stay in rehab could be anything from a few days to several weeks, or even longer. Most programs offer a combination of treatments, such as 1:1 therapy, support groups, and medical care.
  • Partial hospitalization program (PHP): Also known as day treatment, in a PHP, you’ll live at home but follow an intensive schedule of treatment. Most programs require you to be on-site for about 40 hours per week.
  • Intensive outpatient program (IOP): An IOP provides structured, intensive therapy and support services for people who don’t require all-day treatment. Outpatient care is often used as a step-down approach after residential treatment, and could be a good option if you need to keep working or going to school while attending intensive therapy. 
  • Sober living: Sober living environments help you transition out of residential addiction treatment. You’ll live with other people in recovery, but have plenty of access to the outside world. 

Alcohol addiction recovery is an ongoing process. With the right type of care you can detox safely, learn to recognize triggers, and start building a meaningful life without alcohol. To find the right program for you, explore rehabs for alcohol addiction.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alcohol Use

Is alcohol considered a drug?

Yes, alcohol is a drug because it affects the brain. It’s classified as a psychotropic central nervous system (CNS) depressant. While it’s commonly used for socializing and relaxation, it’s important to recognize its addictive properties and potential risks.

What are some long-term effects of alcohol?

Long-term alcohol use can have detrimental effects on both the brain and body. Prolonged drinking weakens the immune system, making you more susceptible to illness. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, stroke, liver disease, digestive problems, and mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. Getting professional help is crucial to address these long-term effects and mitigate their impact.

When should I seek professional help for alcohol use?

It’s important to seek professional help if you’re unable to quit drinking on your own. If you often drink more than intended, have intense cravings for alcohol, have mood swings as a result of drinking, or if drinking interferes with your responsibilities, it’s time to consult an addiction expert. Early intervention can lead to effective, long-term recovery.
Posted on

What Is the 13th Step of AA?

While there are only 12 official steps in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), you might hear about an unofficial “13th Step.” This term refers to a romantic or sexual relationship between an AA veteran and a new member. 

Even if your feelings are real, these relationships can be very harmful. People just joining AA are typically in the early stages of sobriety. This is a vulnerable time. Long-term AA members can easily take advantage of newcomers, whether they mean to or not. 

You have the right to feel safe in your recovery. If an AA member makes you uncomfortable, check in with your support network. This might include your therapist, your sponsor, or other AA members with whom you have a trusting relationship.

Taking the 13th Step or “13th Stepping” 

The 13th Step isn’t just about sex.1 There’s a power imbalance between people in different stages of healing. AA veterans often have authority within their group, especially over new members. By dating or having sex with people in early recovery, 13th Steppers take advantage of their position.

Many people are vulnerable when they first join AA.2 If drinking has damaged your past relationships, you might be socially isolated. At the same time, most AA newcomers are still learning how to set healthy boundaries. So you might turn to long-term members for advice and emotional support. 

At first, 13th Steppers may seem like trustworthy role models—and many veteran AA members have the best intentions. But others use 12-Step meetings to look for newcomers they can pursue. And because most 12-Step groups are relatively informal,3 it can be hard to hold members accountable.

Who’s Considered a 13th Stepper?

It’s important to note that anyone can be a 13th Stepper.4 The term refers to the power dynamic between long-term and recent sobriety. Age, gender and other aspects of identity can add to a 13th Stepper’s apparent authority.

Are Any Intimate Relationships Possible Within AA?

While some 13th Steppers actively prey on people who are new to the program, these dynamics aren’t always black and white. For example, some experienced AA members may feel genuinely attracted to a new member. And for many people in recovery, it’s easier to date people who share your history of addiction. It could even seem like starting an intimate relationship within AA will support your healing process.

However, 13th Stepping isn’t that simple. It puts AA veterans in a sponsor-like role that can boost their self-esteem. It can also make newcomers feel indebted to their partners. Often, these dangers outweigh any potential benefits. 

If you’ve been sober for some time, you might be able to date someone with a similar history. When you meet on equal terms, the power dynamics of the 13th Step may not apply. But any romance within AA can still affect your recovery. Even relationships between peers can end dramatically. In that case, seeing each other at meetings could be painful. If you decide to date someone else in recovery, it’s safer to make sure each of you has your own sober support network.

The Dangers of 13th Stepping

When you’re new to the 12 Steps, AA meetings are a place to find support, solace and community. The 13th Step has the opposite effect. When veterans prey on newcomers, dating in early recovery can increase your risk of relapse.5 

Takes Time and Energy Away From Recovery

It’s standard advice in AA to abstain from starting a new romantic relationship6 for the first year of recovery. During that time, it’s essential to focus on yourself. New sexual relationships take up a lot of time and energy. As comforting as that can be, they also distract you from healing.

Increases Stress

Even positive relationships increase stress, which is a major contributor to relapse.7 And going through a breakup is even more stressful. It can also jeopardize your emotional safety within your AA group.

Alienates Newcomers From AA

13th Stepping is predatory. When AA veterans make sexual advances, they put unfair pressure on new members. The new person might feel like if they say no, they’ll have to leave the group. That cuts them off from valuable community support. 

Puts Newcomers at Risk

13th Stepping isn’t only distracting and isolating; it can also cause outright harm. There are documented cases of predatory AA veterans assaulting newcomers. Monica Richardson’s film The 13th Step8 describes many of these cases, exposing how some AA members take advantage of people in early recovery.

13th Stepping is not only dangerous, but indicates a need for additional professional help. If someone shifts from managing their addiction to predatory behavior, this could be a sign of other behaviors that require attention.

How to Best Navigate a 12-Step Program

A 13th Stepper’s predatory behavior is never the newcomer’s fault. But if you join AA, you can still take certain precautions to keep yourself safe during early recovery. 

Consider a Break From Dating and Intimacy

Dating and intimacy can distract you from the healing process. By taking a break, you prioritize your own needs. You can use this time to get to know yourself in this new phase of your life. When you’re ready to date again, you’ll have a much clearer sense of what you want in a romantic relationship.

Get Community Support

If someone in AA makes you uncomfortable, talk to other members you trust. Consult the literature, ask your sponsor, and check in with loved ones. You can also ask your therapist what they think. When other people know what’s happening, they can hold both you and the other group member accountable.

Learn About Sponsorship

Sponsors are there to help you work the Steps.9 They shouldn’t coerce you to make a particular decision, and they should never have sex with you. In this dynamic, even consensual sex is harmful. If your sponsor acts inappropriately, you have every right to end the relationship and find a new sponsor. 

Observe and Report Predatory Behavior

12-Step veterans with good intentions don’t make advances on newcomers. If you notice someone making sexual advances—toward you or another new member—keep your distance. You can also talk to other group members about what’s happening. If that doesn’t help, you can leave and look for a different 12-Step group in the area or online. 

Find a 12-Step Program That Works for You

The 13th Step can cause serious harm. It’s important to be aware of this dangerous dynamic, so you can focus on your healing process. People seeking support for addiction recovery deserve to feel safe in AA. 
Every 12-Step group is unique. If you think the 12 Steps would be a good fit for you, search 12-Step rehab programs to begin your recovery journey.

Frequently Asked Questions About 13th Stepping

Who is considered a “13th Stepper?”

Anyone can be a 13th Stepper. This refers to the power dynamic between long-term 12-Step members and those in early recovery, irrespective of age, gender, or identity.

Are any intimate relationships possible within AA?

While it may seem tempting to date someone with a shared history of addiction, the dangers of the 13th Step, such as power imbalances and emotional dependencies, often outweigh the potential benefits. It’s crucial to prioritize your recovery and seek support from your own sober support network.

What are the dangers of the 13th Step in AA?

Engaging in the 13th Step can lead to risks like increased vulnerability to relapse, diverting your focus from recovery, heightened stress levels, potential emotional harm, and isolation from a supportive AA community. It’s crucial to be aware of these dangers and take necessary precautions to safeguard your well-being in early recovery.

Posted on

Can Weed Kill You? Understanding Marijuana’s Real Risks

can weed kill you

Marijuana (cannabis) is becoming more widely available as more states make it legal. This has many people wondering about its safety. While marijuana is often considered safer than other drugs, it’s important to understand the real risks it can pose.

The Short Answer: Direct vs. Indirect Fatality Risk

No one has ever died directly from using too much marijuana alone. This makes it different from drugs like alcohol or opioids, which can cause deadly overdoses. However, marijuana can still lead to death in indirect ways that users need to understand.

In one incident in Colorado, for example, a 19-year-old man died after consuming a cannabis cookie.1 Following the sales clerk’s instructions, he ate one piece and waited 30-60 minutes. When he didn’t feel any effects, he ate the rest of the cookie. Over the next 2 hours, he started acting erratic and hostile. About 2.5 hours after finishing the cookie, he jumped from a fourth-floor balcony, resulting in fatal injuries.

Infographic comparing direct and indirect risks of marijuana use. Direct risks include psychosis, lung damage, CHS, and anxiety, contributing to 35 percent of ER visits. Indirect risks, such as impaired driving, mixing with other drugs, and contaminated weed, account for 65 percent. Each risk is represented by icons under labeled sections.

Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies and Illnesses

Weed is getting stronger—and so is the risk of weed-related health effects. The potency of marijuana has quadrupled since the mid-’90s.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. While THC levels used to be around 10%, they’re now often higher than 40%. “Higher THC concentrations2 have been associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use progressing to cannabis use disorder, among other health concerns,” says the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

While marijuana itself may not be deadly, it can cause serious medical problems3 that require treatment:

1. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

CHS is a rare but dangerous condition that can happen to people who smoke weed regularly. It causes severe vomiting that won’t stop without medical help, though some people say hot showers temporarily relieve their symptoms. “Once thought to be rare, [CHS] is now being seen almost daily,” says emergency medicine physician Karen Randall in a report on increased weed-related ER visits.4 If it’s left untreated, CHS can cause dangerous dehydration and kidney problems.

2. Severe Anxiety and Panic Attacks

Some people have severe anxiety or panic attacks when they use marijuana. In rare cases, this can lead to dangerous behavior or self-harm if the person doesn’t get help.

Weed can also raise your heart rate and blood pressure. For people with heart disease or cardiovascular issues, this extra strain could trigger a heart attack. “Research suggests that the risk of heart attack is several times higher in the hour after smoking marijuana5 than it would be normally,” say experts at Harvard Health.

Infographic titled The Evolution of Weed: Higher Potency and More ER Visits. Two line graphs show a rise in THC potency from 1995 to 2024 and a parallel increase in cannabis-related emergency room visits per 100,000 people. A cannabis leaf with a warning icon emphasizes the risk.

3. Acute Psychosis

Studies have found that people who use marijuana are more likely to experience psychotic symptoms6—and the more you use, the more the risk increases.

There’s also a proven link between marijuana and schizophrenia7 in teens and young adults, with young men being at the highest risk. Young people should be aware that using marijuana can increase their risk of developing serious mental health problems later in life.

THC levels in cannabis products are skyrocketing. How is this changing serious health issues like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) or heart problems?

Cannabis products today are way more potent than they used to be, with much higher THC levels. While that might seem like a plus, it’s actually leading to some serious health problems. More people are ending up in the ER with conditions like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which causes intense nausea, stomach pain, and constant vomiting that can last for hours or even days. Some users are also experiencing heart-related issues like a racing heartbeat, high blood pressure, sudden anxiety, and even panic attacks.

Janelle Salo, RN | Healthy Earth Living

4. Acute Cannabinoid Catatonia

It’s not common, but in rare cases, consuming too much marijuana can cause a severe reaction8 that causes a temporary catatonic state (someone appears awake but doesn’t respond to stimuli like voices or touch). Overconsumption to this extent is more likely to happen with edibles. 

5. Cancer and Lung Damage

Smoking marijuana can seriously damage your lungs,9 leading to health issues like bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Research shows that people who smoke marijuana face a higher risk of developing cancers10 of the head, neck, and throat. Long-term use can also weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off illness.

Illustration showing a person smoking marijuana while driving, with one hand on the steering wheel and the other holding a joint. A rainbow-colored road leads to a traffic light ahead. Text warns that weed does not normally kill, but impaired judgment does.

Hidden Dangers: Indirect Fatality Risks

1. Impaired Driving Deaths and Occupational Injury

The biggest risks come from how marijuana affects your judgment and reaction time. Driving while high significantly increases your chance of getting into a deadly accident.11 The short-term effects of cannabis can last several hours, making it unsafe to drive even if you feel “okay.”

Research is still ongoing, but there’s also evidence of a link between marijuana and work-related injuries.12

2. Drug Interactions

Mixing cannabis with alcohol or other drugs is especially dangerous. These combinations can lead to severe reactions your body can’t handle. They can also make you more likely to make risky decisions.

Marijuana and other drugs are commonly taken in combination with alcohol. While this is a common practice, its risks are more serious than most people realize. Learn more about this in our article on the dangers of combined alcohol and drug use.

3. Contaminated Products

When you buy marijuana from unlicensed sellers, you don’t really know what’s in it. There’s a real risk that these products could be mixed with harmful substances or contaminants.

When working with clients who use a lot of marijuana, what dangerous situations have you found most concerning that could potentially become life-threatening? How do you help them understand and manage these risks?

In working with clients who consume large quantities of marijuana, I have found their misinterpretation of perceptions to be the most dangerous, which could lead to fatal car accidents, on-the-job injuries, etc. Education is the most beneficial way to help clients understand the dangers of their consumption. Additionally, providing them with alternative coping skills helps manage these risks.

Dee Anderson, SUDCCII-CS

What Happens During a Marijuana Overdose

“Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis,”13 says Manitoba Health. “It is not fatal, but overconsumption can be very uncomfortable.” While a marijuana overdose won’t kill you directly, it can be a frightening experience. Sometimes, it requires medical attention. 

Signs of THC poisoning14 include: 

  • Extreme anxiety or panic
  • Racing heart
  • Paranoid thoughts
  • Severe nausea
  • Mental confusion
  • Hallucinations

Edible marijuana products pose special risks because they’re harder to dose correctly. The effects take longer to feel, which might make you think you need more. This often leads people to accidentally take too much.

Most of the time, you can just wait for the effects to wear off. If your symptoms are very severe or you have chest pain, panic attacks, or seizures, get medical help.

THC is never safe for children in any amount. If your child has consumed THC, contact the Poison Control Center hotline at 1-800-222-1222.

Infographic titled Common Reasons Street Weed is Laced with Dangerous Substances. Reasons include making it more addictive, intensifying the high, adding weight for profit, and contamination with mold. A smoking pipe emits toxic fumes forming a skull symbol. Each reason is paired with a simple icon.

High-Risk Situations and Populations

Certain risk factors put some people at higher risk of health complications when they use marijuana. 

  • People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should be especially careful. Marijuana can make these conditions worse.
  • Young people under 25 face unique risks because their brains are still developing. Regular marijuana use during teen and young adult years15 can affect memory, learning, and mental health.
  • People with a personal or family history of mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or psychosis should be cautious. Marijuana can make these conditions worse or trigger new symptoms.
  • Pregnant people should avoid marijuana. It can affect the developing baby and lead to health problems.

Making Informed Decisions

If you choose to use marijuana, there are ways to reduce your risks:14

  • Read the labels on your products and understand the dose you’re taking.
  • Start with a very small amount, especially with edibles. Wait at least 2 hours before taking more.
  • Never drive after using marijuana. Plan ahead for safe transportation.
  • Don’t mix marijuana with alcohol or other drugs.
  • Keep cannabis products locked away from children and pets.
  • Avoid synthetic cannabinoids, which are known to cause adverse effects. The effects of these products are not at all like the effects of marijuana.

The CDC also advises against vaping marijuana:16

Oils and concentrates used in vaping and dabbing (which is a specific method of inhaling THC concentrates) often have highly concentrated forms of THC and may contain additives or be contaminated with other substances. The effects of using these more concentrated forms of THC are not well understood but may include higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder. Vaping has also been linked to lung injury.

Changing Attitudes Toward Marijuana Use

As recreational and medical marijuana becomes more widely accepted in many places, people tend to view it as harmless. While it’s true that marijuana is less dangerous than many other kinds of substance use, this shifting attitude has led some people to overlook its very real risks. 

These days, fewer teens believe marijuana is dangerous.17 This is a real concern, since research clearly shows that using marijuana heavily during the teenage years can get in the way of healthy development and daily functioning.

When to Get Help

Sometimes marijuana use can become a problem. If you’re using more than you planned to, feeling unable to cut back or stop, neglecting responsibilities at work or school, or continuing to use despite negative effects on your health or relationships, it could be a sign of marijuana addiction.

If you notice these signs or feel worried about your use of marijuana, talking to your therapist or primary care provider is a great place to start. They can help you understand your options and find support to make the changes you want. If you’re looking to quit using marijuana in an immersive, substance-free setting, residential rehab can be a great place to start your healing journey. Search for a marijuana addiction treatment program that meets your needs and reach out to a support specialist today.

FAQs

Q: Can you overdose on marijuana?

A: Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis. While such overdoses aren’t fatal like with alcohol or opioids, overconsumption can be very uncomfortable. In some cases, taking too much marijuana—especially via edibles—can cause severe reactions like temporary catatonia or even acute psychosis.

Q: Can marijuana use lead to death?

A: While marijuana doesn’t cause direct fatal overdoses, it can lead to death through indirect means. In one documented case from Colorado, a man died after consuming a cannabis cookie and jumping from a fourth-floor balcony. Excessive marijuana use can cause erratic behavior that may lead to accidents or risky decisions.

Q: What are the long-term health risks of marijuana use?

A: The long-term effects of marijuana use can include several serious health problems. Smoking marijuana can damage your lungs, leading to bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, and it increases the risk of head, neck, throat, and lung cancers. Regular use can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Young people are especially vulnerable to these side effects.