Category: Treatment Therapies

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Strengths-Based Approach to Trauma Treatment

A strengths-based approach focuses on a person’s behaviors, ways of thinking, and values that promote health1, instead of focusing on symptoms that can cause poor mental well-being. By emphasizing unique positive characteristics, patients’ recovery aligns with what will best help them heal. 

For example, a patient who expresses their emotions freely through art may receive more art therapy sessions to play to their strengths. Another client may bond and open up to peers, so they would attend more peer support groups. If a trauma patient responds well to eye movement therapy, then they might add in 2 more sessions weekly.

Trauma is highly specific to each patients’ experience, environment, and personality. A strengths-based approach acknowledges that people who have experienced trauma can access innate strengths to promote healing.  

Key Components of the Strengths-Based Approach

Some trauma treatment approaches use deficit or pathology-based methods, meaning they focus on addressing the negative symptoms; however, a strengths-based approach builds on existing strengths, resilience, and coping mechanisms to recover. 

Trauma-Informed Care

Notably, a strengths-based approach incorporates trauma-informed care principles,  which seek to address the effects of trauma and promote safety, self-regulation, and empowerment2. It recognizes and adheres treatment to the impact of trauma and creates a safe and supportive environment that fosters healing. Other methods might risk re-traumatizing the patient by treating trauma symptoms without sensitivity.

Therapists using a strengths-based approach, such as Judy Crane3, tend to have specialized trauma training and incorporate the idea of the Trauma Egg into their practice. The Trauma Egg offers a visual framework to view how trauma affects a patient’s life4, and it aims to promote personal reflection and healing. Using this concept, patients can “talk” to and peel back each separate component that their traumatic experience has given them. Adopting practices like these into a strengths-based approach can help the patient feel in control of their recovery.

Collaborative Decision Making

A strengths-based approach encourages collaborative decision-making between patients and their treatment team. It actively involves patients in their recovery process, respecting their autonomy and choices. By building on a patient’s independence, this approach can help them flourish in recovery with strength, growth, and resilience.

Empowerment

A strengths-based approach bolsters a patient’s natural positive coping skills, emphasizing their ability to adapt in the face of adversity. This approach views patients as inherently capable of their own recovery and in control of their lives, particularly in the context of trauma. 

Benefits of Strengths-Based Trauma Recovery

Patients participating in a strengths-based recovery can gain control and build a new mindset of creating and rebuilding, rather than being broken. 

Patients learn how to set goals, develop healthy coping skills to foster growth, and confront rather than avoid challenges. Their strengths and newfound resilience can then improve their personal, family, and community well-being5. It also builds self-esteem and competence in recovery and their daily lives.

While a strengths-based approach has many positives, it’s also important to find and address personal weaknesses5. Ignoring these could lead to a less effective recovery.

Find Treatment for Trauma

Using your strengths, you can find healing from your trauma. Browse treatment centers providing trauma-specific care with pricing, insurance, and photos.

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Internal Family Systems Therapy and Legacy Burdens

Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy is a relatively recent therapeutic approach developed by Richard Schwartz. It describes the psyche as having multiple parts with a centralized Self—or, your core essence. Within the Self are Parts, each with its own unique characteristics, emotions, and motivations. These Parts can be in conflict with each other, leading to inner turmoil and psychological distress.

Dr. Schwartz created IFS to identify Parts of the self1 and change how those Parts interact; it’s used in interpersonal psychotherapy and in group settings. Healing damaged Parts and addressing self-protectors can identify trauma, legacy burdens, and deep pains. Then, the client and therapist work together to soothe the Parts and create a sense of safety that allows clients to heal their parts on their own. 

IFS and other forms of therapy can also address deep-seeded legacy burdens, which are conscious or subconscious burdens from generational trauma, family legacies, and family expectations that affect your life.

What Is Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS)?

IFS therapy offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing the complexities of the human psyche, both at an individual and systemic level.

IFS is based on the idea that each person’s mind is made of “Parts”2 that form around a traumatic experience. The Parts compensate for trauma and strive to protect Exiles, which are the isolated Parts carrying hurt and trauma. 

Managers and Firefighters, the other 2 Parts, both work to keep Exiles hidden and safe. 

Your Firefighter Part is responsible for behaviors like drinking, drug use, and self-harm. These behaviors arise to control the Exiles’ feelings (terror, rage, grief, fear). Manager Parts find control through carefully evaluating situations, caretaking, and controlling. By staying in control, Managers think they can protect you from further pain and rejection.

Healing The Parts in IFS

In IFS, you’ll learn to hold space for the vulnerable Parts and meet them with compassion, a core part of the Self. IFS therapy helps you create a safe internal environment to confront your protective and vulnerable Parts and engage your compassionate Self. This safe internal environment can help you process traumatic memories and release legacy burdens without retraumatization.

IFS also connects your mind and body to increase mindfulness. You’ll become more aware of what you’re feeling and why, and where it may hold itself in your body. 

Ultimately, IFS draws on “the inherent wisdom of the Self2” to rework cognitive distortions from childhood trauma, legacy burdens, and negative views of self. It’s done compassionately and without judgment, allowing the Parts to accept healing and back away from their maladaptive coping strategies. 

Therapists are trained to provide IFS therapy. Not all therapists will offer IFS, and some will be more experienced than others. Check with your provider to see if they’re trained in IFS and their level of experience. 

IFS for Trauma and PTSD

IFS can help those with trauma and PTSD become “compassionate witnesses”2 to their traumatic experiences without feeling overwhelmed or retraumatized. Patients use mindfulness to separate from the emotions, sensations, and images of their trauma. That mindful separation can strengthen their ability to reflect on their experiences as caring, compassionate observers. 

For example, a patient may have residual shame after childhood abuse. IFS would help them step away from the shame, address the Part responsible for it, and allow their Self to replace the shame with self-compassion. Releasing the shame and allowing self-compassion can then reduce the hold of the traumatic experience and help the patient step into the present (and feel safe doing it).

Legacy Burdens: What They Are and Their Effects

A legacy burden leaves an imprint on future generations’ worldview and wellness. It can stem from one person or exist across a generation of people groups as generational trauma. 

A single-person legacy burden could be caused by a belief carried down. For example, one of your grandparents or a parent may impose a belief on you and others in your family. The belief could be that you need to earn a lot of money, stay in a particular religion, or have a specific relationship. Even if you don’t necessarily believe their beliefs, the internal burden of their beliefs and expectations can still affect you.

Generational Trauma and Legacy Burdens

Generational trauma also leaves a legacy burden3. Indigenous and marginalized groups often carry trauma from generations of gentrification, colonialism, and brutality. 

Stress and trauma can pass between generations through genetic changes3. Environmental stress can molecularly affect how a parent’s genes function, which then pass down to their child. Parents may also recreate their trauma and traumatize their children in turn. Generational trauma can pass down through a combination of the 2 as well. 

The generations who didn’t experience the trauma firsthand may still experience the residual effects through their parents. Distant parenting, witnessing parents suffer from trauma, and avoiding the topic can strain relationships and create unhealthy attachment patterns. Some also feel the need to hold onto the trauma to honor those who directly went through it and bring awareness.

Interestingly, positive change commonly occurs in the third generation3. Grandparents, for example, may be more willing to share their experience with their grandchildren. It could be because enough time has passed, and because the third generation is more likely to seek growth and healing. This, in turn, can help the first and second generations heal. 

Generational trauma can also create resiliency. Some children may see the burden carried in their lineage and actively pursue healing for themselves and others—which can turn into a sort of legacy burden itself. But, having a legacy burden doesn’t automatically entail generations of suffering. Individuals and groups can end the cycle, sometimes through IFS therapy.

IFS as a Healing Tool for Legacy Burdens

IFS can address the Parts carrying legacy burdens, allowing the Self to heal and prevent the trauma from extending. For some, their Exile may need healing. Others may need to heal a Firefighter or Manager to learn new coping tools.

Once the Part with the legacy burden feels safe and heard, the Self can bring in compassion and perspective, allowing you to detach from the burden. Continued IFS sessions and homework from your IFS therapist can help you maintain this release and continue forward. 

Your legacy burden may surprise you once you identify it, or it could be an obvious burden carried through your family (like alcoholism or racism). In either case, IFS and other therapies can help you identify the burden and use your natural capabilities to heal.

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Mind Control and Complex Trauma

Children, young adults, and adults can suffer mind control and complex trauma. Mind control can also be a broad phenomenon experienced by people groups, organizations, and countries. Other times, it can be used as a directed form of psychological abuse. 

Complex trauma is the cumulation of “multiple interpersonal threats”1 or abuse during childhood. It may come as the result of mind control or other abuses. Dr. Karol Darsa—psychologist, author, and creator of RITTM (Reconnect Integrative Trauma Treatment Model)—offers insight into healing.

Understanding Mind Control

Mind control compromises a person or group2’s freedom of choice by altering their perception, motivations, and behavior. Some mind control techniques aren’t done maliciously; for example, most advertising involves pushing emotions for a desired outcome (buying their product). 

Malicious mind control aims to control another person (or group) through fear, deprivation, and confusion. For example, research found people in controlled environments with sensory stimulation removed (like visuals, smells, sounds, and other sensations) moved into a malleable emotional state. The process worked by only allowing select information to the sensory-deprived person. In that state, new ideas or beliefs could be implanted and believed3. 

As an example, the only stimulation provided to someone could be a repeated fact of any sort. With nothing else to occupy or influence their thoughts, it can be easier to believe and act upon whatever information is provided. 

Similar emotional states could be achieved through abuse and trauma, where stress and abuse return the brain to its primal, animalistic survival functions. In its worn-down state, the victim’s brain could accept and believe almost anything about themselves or the world around them. 

Mind control as a form of abuse could lead to complex trauma and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (c-PTSD), especially if it occurs in childhood. 

An adult with c-PTSD caused by mind control may struggle to trust others, themselves, and their reality. Sometimes, they may not even know why they don’t trust; just that they don’t. 

Complex Trauma and Its Prolonged Impact

C-PTSD usually occurs due to childhood trauma. Complex trauma can have more severe consequences2 than non-complex trauma. It can also cause the onset of depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance use disorder, and dissociative identity disorder (DID). 

C-PTSD can have more long-lasting effects2 because it occurs after repeated, inescapable traumatic events. It’s more common to experience in childhood, but it can happen at any time of your life. PTSD, in comparison, occurs as a single instance (like a rape, tornado, or car accident). Staying in activated stress states and experiencing them often, especially in childhood, can cause the more severe psychopathy and cognitive deficits associated with c-PTSD. 

That means that children with c-PTSD are more likely to grow into adults with major depressive disorder, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, and addiction. Children with c-PTSD were also found to have lower IQ scores2 and poorer executive function as adults. 

Psychopathy4, lower IQ scores, and poor executive functioning can have prolonged effects in adulthood. When caused by c-PTSD, these effects occur independent of other variables like genetic disposition, motivation, and effort.

Recognizing Signs of Mind Control and Complex Trauma

You or someone else could be experiencing mind control if you recognize these tactics:

  • A person or group uses terror, threats, and manipulation to mold the brain into its more primal survival mode. Escape feels impossible, either physically, mentally, or socially.
  • You or someone else believes the perpetrator and whatever truths they tell about you, someone else, or the world.
  • You comply with their wishes and demands to survive. You’ll believe or do anything they ask out of forced trust and the need to survive. In a state of survival, your brain struggles to process information logically, which is why you may continually trust and believe the perpetrator. Doing what they say often feels like the only way to stay safe.  

Complex trauma has several distinct signs5, too. 

  • Re-experiencing the trauma through flashbacks
  • Dissociation
  • Interpersonal challenges with relationships
  • Self-destructive behaviors (like substance use)
  • Irritability and hyperarousal, or emotional numbness
  • Social withdrawal
  • Hostility 

You may notice these signs in yourself or someone else as a child, young adult, or adult who’s experiencing c-PTSD.

Karol Darsa’s Treatment for Trauma and c-PTSD

Trauma psychologist Karol Darsa created the Reconnect Integrative Trauma Treatment Model (RITTM)6 to treat trauma. RITTM is comprehensive and body-based, which means it’s designed to heal and reconnect the mind and body. 

RITTM integrates eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, brainspotting, somatic experiencing, gestalt therapy, energy psychology, and mindfulness. The result is a whole-person approach to treatment that can help adults with c-PTSD heal their trauma and the conditions associated with it. 

RITTM occurs in individual settings and stresses a positive therapeutic alliance. Rather than following strict protocols and regimes, RITTM can flex to individual needs and types of trauma. It’s been found to help with single-event and complex trauma. 

Dr. Darsa’s 20 years of experience led her to write a guide on trauma healing, found a treatment center, and educate other professionals on trauma healing. She’s been featured as an expert on ABC, CBS, and more. She also lectures on trauma at universities like UCLA, Cal Lutheran, and the University of Southern California. 

Other Therapies for Trauma and c-PTSD

Other forms of trauma treatment may fit your needs. Some aspects of RITTM may suit you better if they’re pulled out and focused.

EMDR can help reduce your reaction to traumatic memories7 by using eye tracking as you recall your trauma. Doing both at the same time can desensitize you to the effects of the memories and help you process your trauma. 

Prolonged exposure therapy (PET)8 exposes you to an imagined scenario of your trauma or to real-life stimuli associated with it. Doing so can help reduce reactions to the experience and help you process and heal. PET may be too triggering for some; your treatment team can help you decide if this may work for you.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)9 uses CBT to specifically focus on trauma. It can be especially helpful for children and their families. TF-CBT aims to reduce shame, guilt, and thought distortions related to trauma by identifying inaccurate beliefs and developing adaptive responses to trauma. Practitioners gradually expose patients to reminders and places to reduce their distress and reactions to trauma. 

Many other trauma therapies can help you recover from complex trauma and mind control. Your doctor, therapist, or psychologist can help you find the best fit for your needs. 

Finding Help for You or a Loved One

Attending a rehab for trauma, setting up therapy sessions, and actively pursuing healing can help you or a loved one heal from complex trauma and mind control.
Rehab provides a residential setting to focus on treatment and healing. There, you can experience EMDR therapy, Karol Darsa’s RITTM therapy, and other trauma therapies uniquely designed for healing.

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What Is Post-Traumatic Growth?

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive and ongoing inner change after trauma or a highly distressing situation. PTG can occur simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One does not negate or invalidate the other.

PTG can positively change your outlook on life and place you on a more bright, resilient path. This offers hope to those who may feel discouraged by what they’ve gone through and how it affects their place in the world. 

Stages of Post-Traumatic Growth

You likely won’t feel positive changes immediately after a traumatic event. Most who do recognize PTG notice it after they’ve put space between their trauma1 and had some time to heal, which is part of the 5 stages of PTG. 

  1. Crisis or Trauma

A singular traumatic event or recurrent trauma prime you for post-traumatic growth. Though the experience will likely cause distress, it’s a necessary aspect of PTG. 

A variety of traumas can eventually connect to PTG. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) defines trauma as2

  • Physical or emotional harm
  • Any threat to your life

Traumatic situations will impact your mental, physical, and emotional health. A non-exclusive list of trauma examples include

  1. Growth Awareness

Reflecting on how you’ve changed since your trauma can prompt post-traumatic growth. You may not gravitate towards reflection naturally, especially if your memories still cause pain. A therapist, spouse, or friend may notice it first. 

You may sit on this awareness for days, weeks, or months. Even if you don’t act on the awareness right away, realizing you’ve grown from something terrible can offer encouragement and hope.

  1. Growth Exploration

Next, you can see where you’ve grown. You may identify your growth by yourself, with a therapist, or a loved one. You can take a deeper look at the areas you’ve grown in and find encouragement from the positive changes.

For example, you may notice you’ve become more sure of yourself and your identity1. Or, you may notice you have a greater appreciation for your life and your loved ones. You may also be more aware of what you want out of life. 

  1. Developing New Beliefs

Your trauma may have left you with negative beliefs about yourself and the world. As you heal, your beliefs may change—maybe without you noticing. When you become aware of your growth and explore it, you can also see what beliefs align with your new growth. 

For example, you may believe you’re more equipped to handle hardships because you’ve survived one and grown. This can reinforce your self-efficacy. 

  1. Integration of Growth

Once you’ve become aware of your growth, explored it, and developed new beliefs based upon it, you can then integrate your growth into your daily life. Your growth may make you more confident, more empathetic, and more resilient. Those qualities may direct you to a new line of work, a volunteering opportunity, or creative outlet.

You may feel drawn to supporting others. With your strengths and insights, you could help others in similar situations and inspire hope. While that’s in no way a requirement, some trauma survivors feel highly fulfilled doing so.  

Signs of Post-Traumatic Growth

You can look for the signs of PTG3 in yourself and those you love.

Valuing Life More Than Before

Getting through a crisis or traumatic experience can make you value the life you have, especially if your trauma was life-threatening. Or, you may simply feel grateful for positive experiences after enduring such negativity. 

For example, if you survived a car crash, you may feel more thankful for your life and what you can make of it. 

Easier to Relate to Others

Trauma survivors sometimes develop a “sixth-sense”, where they become more attuned to the emotions and behaviors of others. Their experiences can help them relate to others4 and develop a strong sense of empathy. 

A Change in Priorities

A change in priorities is a strong sign of post-traumatic growth4. For example, you may unwaveringly prioritize family time after a traumatic event. 

In another example, a traumatic experience may awaken you to your true passions. Perhaps you suddenly realize your corporate job can’t compare to the fulfillment of painting. As you experience PTG, you may pursue a painting career to prioritize fulfillment. 

Increased Self-Confidence

Post-traumatic growth typically involves an increase in your personal strength1 and self-confidence. Those with PTG are more confident in their abilities to overcome challenges and make difficult decisions. 

Approaches Promoting Post Traumatic Growth

Several approaches to healing promote PTG. While interpersonal factors and characteristics of the trauma influence PTG5 too, the ways you heal play a large role in PTG. The following approaches are just a few that can promote PTG.

EMDR Therapy

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy helps trauma survivors safely process trauma. Processing the trauma can lead to quicker healing and a shorter path to post-traumatic growth.    

In an EMDR session, your therapist will have you track an object back and forth as you quietly or verbally recall traumatic memories. Eye movement helps you focus on something other than the strong emotions associated with the memories and process the trauma faster.

Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy (CBCT)

CBCT is “a trauma-focused conjoint therapy1 that has a session specifically devoted to PTG.” Therapists use it to treat PTSD and trauma, though it can also improve depressive and anxious symptoms.

CBCT, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), addresses thoughts and behaviors with a focus on trauma symptoms6 (numbing, avoidance). 

CBCT can help you cope with the cognitive and emotional effects of trauma and promote the growth associated with PTG.

Prolonged Exposure (PE) Therapy

PE works by exposing you to memories or other stimuli7 that “cognitively restructures beliefs about [your] sense of safety”, especially if and when you encounter the trauma again outside a therapeutic environment. 

You may imagine the stimulus or confront it in the real world, sometimes as a “homework assignment” after therapy. Therapists tailor the type and amount of exposure to avoid distress and facilitate healing.

As you become desensitized to the stimuli and more confident in your safety, your PTG can blossom. 

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

CPT addresses trauma and helps patients reconstruct beliefs7 about themselves, others, and the world. It encourages reflection on positive changes since starting treatment.

Doing so, you can change your internal narrative and stimulate PTG.

Challenges And Obstacles in Achieving Post-Traumatic Growth

Negative emotions after trauma (shame, guilt, depression) can hinder PTG3. These emotions can prevent someone from seeking treatment, as they may feel addressing their trauma is too painful. 

Fear, avoidance, and hypersensitivity–all symptoms of PTSD–can make treatment seem daunting as well. Negative feedback from friends and family can also hinder treatment and PTG.

Participants in one study said PTG began once they had an internal need for change3. Until that need is realized, PTG may not begin and may never take effect. 

Feeling forced or expected to have positive growth after a terrible event can add undue pressure8 and hinder PTG. 

Overcoming Obstacles to PTG

Support from friends and family and professional help from a mental health professional can help you overcome obstacles to PTG3. They can help you see a need for change by looking through their eyes and seeing your situation from another perspective. 

You can also reflect on your present life and how you would like to grow. This can encourage ambition and a strong desire for change that ends with PTG.

PTG can also be presented as a positive, but optional, aspect of trauma healing—not something that must happen. Rather than expecting PTG, providers and patients can instead be aware of it and accept it if it comes. 

Post-Traumatic Growth Examples

PTG will look different for each person, but a few examples include

  • Changing jobs to pursue a dream or passion. 
  • Taking time off work to travel and pursue new experiences. 
  • Committing to charity work.
  • Helping others who’ve experienced trauma similar to yours, perhaps by becoming a speaker or through contributions to studies and articles. 
  • Fostering stronger relationships with family and loved ones. Parents may feel an especially strong desire to grow closer to their children.
  • Deepening your faith in God or becoming more spiritual, even if you’re not part of an organized religion.
  • Leaning into your creative side and feeling deep fulfillment. You may enjoy forms of art, writing music, or crafting stories.

Find Help For Trauma

Trauma changes those who experience it. Sometimes, the changes can be positive. Even so, trauma can be a heavy weight to hold. Professional treatment can help you manage its effects and facilitate post-traumatic growth. 
Rehabs for trauma provide intensive care and support for your recovery. Browse our list of trauma rehabs to learn about their approaches to trauma treatment, see photos, and verify your insurance.

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Psychedelic Therapy: A New Treatment for PTSD

Psychedelic therapy has been gaining traction and creating a reputable name for itself in the recovery community. The curiosity around psychedelic treatment for mental health began in the 1950s1 (although medicinal psychedelic use originates back hundreds of years) when LSD showed initial therapeutic promise in human trials. In the mid 1960s, a legislative ban was placed on this research. 

Fast forward to 1994, psychedelics such as psilocybin were approved once again for research in the United States. Today, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)2 serves as the foundation for human neuroimaging, psychology, and psychopharmacology studies with psychedelics.

Psychedelic therapy is becoming more and more common among providers, specifically for disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. This new age approach to healing offers patients a plethora of benefits, especially for those who do not resonate with traditional therapies. 

What Is Psychedelic Therapy?

Psychedelic therapy uses psychedelic substances such as psilocybin (naturally occurring in magic mushrooms), MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy), and LSD within a controlled therapeutic setting. Their therapeutic use can facilitate mental health recovery and personal growth.

Psychedelics alter your state of consciousness3, usually producing positive changes in perception, thought patterns, emotions, and a sense of interconnectedness. Each psychedelic is slightly different in how it affects your mind and body, but research has shown a positive association between psychedelic use and mental health1.

Through psychedelic treatment, qualified professionals can reach deeper into patients’ thoughts, feelings, and consciousness. This allows therapy sessions to reveal challenges that may be harder to process in traditional therapy. It’s unlocking new ways of healing. 

How Psychedelics Affect the Brain

When you’re using psychedelic substances, your brain functions differently. You can visually see this on an EEG or CAT scan showing the difference between normal brain functioning and a brain on psychedelics.  

Brain%20on%20Psychedelics

This image shows an increase of brain connectivity and blood flow4.

Psychedelics cause a disruption of electrical synchronicity in the brain5. This asynchronicity produces an “entropic” state, or an increase in connectivity between brain networks that may not typically communicate with each other. This can lead to a more integrated experience of thoughts, sensations, and emotions. Psychedelics can boost creativity and problem solving6 through the increased connectivity. And they can elevate mood.

Researchers and mental health professionals then use this connectivity to help patients open up about their emotions and process difficult memories and feelings.

Psychedelics for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Psychedelics show great promise to the mental health recovery community. Specifically, psilocybin and MDMA may have positive implications for PTSD recovery.

How Psychedelics Help a Brain with PTSD

Psilocybin

Psilocybin stimulates neurogenesis7—the growth and repair of brain cells—particularly in the hippocampus, responsible for memory and emotion. Neuron regrowth in this specific brain region allows PTSD patients to reframe and process traumatic memories in a less distressing way. 

MDMA

Bessel van der Kolk8, one of the top experts on trauma, dove into researching the promising effects of MDMA recovery for patients with severe PTSD. Two months after participating in the study, more than 66% of those who were administered MDMA no longer had diagnosable PTSD9. 

Why? MDMA can enhance trust, empathy, and communication between the patient and therapist. It reduces fear and anxiety responses while increasing emotional openness. This helps PTSD patients to revisit and process traumatic memories in a more controlled and comfortable manner.

Psychedelics as a Whole

Psychedelics bolster trauma processing by temporarily reducing activity in the Default Mode Network (DMN)10, responsible for rumination and mind wandering. These thought processes are commonly associated with mental health conditions like PTSD. Decreasing activity in this region prevents painful thoughts from coming up when talking about traumatic experiences.

Psychedelics also improve overall brain functioning. Mental health conditions often result in neuron atrophy, or neuron destruction, in the prefrontal cortex11. Studies have shown that psychedelics can boost neuroplasticity in the brain, meaning they can help the expansion of these neural networks. Rebuilding damage in the brain leaves room for mental health growth and learning new coping skills.  

What Does This Mean for PTSD Patients?

Psychedelic therapy offers PTSD patients a new way to heal. With a qualified therapist, you may be able to explore areas of yourself you have hidden due to trauma. 

The increased emotional intensity that psychedelics generate can help patients confront and process repressed emotions, traumas, and unresolved issues, potentially leading to therapeutic breakthroughs.

Many patients also gain new insights and ideas while on psychedelics, which is particularly helpful when exploring personal challenges or problem solving.

Psychedelics can enhance emotional regulation and resilience. MDMA in particular has been associated with increased empathy, trust, and emotional openness, which can help patients better manage intense emotions related to their trauma.

The Treatment Process

If you’re interested in adding psychedelic therapy to your treatment plan, you can expect your sessions to be monitored by trained professionals in a safe environment. Before the session, the therapist will conduct an extensive assessment to ensure that you are a suitable candidate for psychedelic therapy. They should also try to identify any potential risks. 

At your session, you’ll relax in a comfortable position, typically lying down with eye shades and headphones to minimize external distractions and enhance introspection. The carefully measured psychedelic dosage aligns with your body weight and previous experiences.

During the psychedelic experience, you’ll do some emotional exploration. Your therapist will help guide your thoughts, emotions, memories, and sensations. You’ll talk about specific traumatic experiences you’ve experienced. The therapist may ask open-ended questions, help you through challenging emotions, or offer reassurance. 

After the session is complete, your therapist will stay with you and ensure you’re comfortable until you stop feeling the psychedelic effects. 

You and your therapist will integrate the lessons and insights you’re learning into the rest of your treatment plan and daily life. This may involve setting intentions for future growth and healing. 

Finding Qualified Psychedelic Therapy

Finding a qualified clinic for your psychedelic therapy experience is crucial to guarantee you have safe and effective sessions. 

First, research clinics in your area (and make sure this therapy is legal in your state/country). If you don’t know where to start, ask your primary care doctor for recommendations. The treatment team should have a background in psychology, counseling, psychiatry, or a related field. The therapists should also have additional training in psychedelic-assisted therapy. Make sure they have experience administering this treatment.

Then, schedule a consultation with the practice. You can ask questions like

  • What safety guidelines do you have in place?
  • What are your therapists’ qualifications?
  • Can sessions be tailored to my specific needs?
  • How long will my sessions last? How many sessions will I have?
  • How much do your sessions cost? Will insurance cover them?

If you feel comfortable after talking to the clinic, then you may be on your way to beginning your psychedelic therapy sessions.

Benefits and Risks

Psychedelic therapy shows the potential to be a major player in PTSD recovery; however, this is an emerging form of therapy. It’s always best to check with your doctor to see if you’re a fit. Before you start treatment, a psychedelic therapy clinic should complete a comprehensive physical and mental health assessment. 

Psychedelic therapy benefits patients not only by improving mental health but it’s also a great approach for people with treatment-resistant PTSD12. Psychedelic effects can break through hard to reach areas in the brain by promoting deep self-reflection and insight. 

Psychedelics don’t cause addiction or withdrawal5, making this therapy a viable option for PTSD patients with co-occurring substance use disorders. 

However, the psychedelic field is still growing. There is still a lack of long-term clinical trials to fully understand the benefits and risks of psychedelic therapy. And without proper supervision, psychedelics can produce intense and unpredictable experiences. They can also trigger psychotic episodes in patients vulnerable to psychosis, so thorough screening is essential.

Receiving treatment at qualified practices that supervise sessions and provide a clean, safe space will likely guarantee that you have a positive session. 

Legality and Ethics

While some regions have decriminalized psychedelics or keep them regulated for medical use, psychedelics are illegal in many parts of the world; however, many areas are reevaluating their potential therapeutic applications. For example, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted “breakthrough therapy” status to some psychedelic compounds13, which expedites their development as treatment for specific mental health conditions such as PTSD and depression.

Psychedelic therapy is ethical for patients so long as they give informed consent and are aware of the potential risks. They should have proper screening and risk assessment to identify if they’re at greater risk of adverse reactions, such as a personal or family history of mental illness or certain medical conditions. And before the session, the therapist should explain the psychedelic experience, so the patient knows what to expect. 

The Future of Psychedelic Therapy

The movement behind therapeutic psychedelic use will likely continue growing. Expanding research explores the potential of psychedelics in treating a broader range of mental health conditions outside of PTSD, including addiction, eating disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the FDA and other regulatory agencies are actively reviewing clinical trials using psychedelics, so more approvals for medical psychedelic treatments may come. From there, psychedelic therapy is likely to become more integrated into mainstream mental health care. 

While the road ahead is not linear, psychedelic therapy may become a staple in healthcare. So long as this therapy has continued research and education, and responsible use, it will continue to make a difference in people’s lives. 

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What Is Biohacking?

What is biohacking? Biohacking allows scientists and nonscientists to use various techniques to alter and improve the genetic makeup of humans, plants, and other living species. By doing so, they can enhance existing characteristics or introduce new ones to create the desired result. They take a DIY approach to even some of the most advanced experiments, like DNA splicing.

Biohacking involves making lifestyle adjustments and dietary changes to enhance your body’s natural workings. For instance, altering your diet to improve your physical appearance or overall wellbeing.

Anyone interested in biohacking can become a biohacker, but many have tech, science, health, or engineering backgrounds. Artists and designers also enjoy the creative aspect of biohacking. When done safely, there’s benefits for all types of people.

Types of Biohacking

Biohacking involves many types and varieties of science. Some biohackers enjoy optimizing their body’s natural functions through health technology. Others splice and research DNA. Some also implant in-body technology to enhance their senses. 

Biohackers can also work alone or in shared biohacking labs. Lab members often pay a membership fee to access lab equipment and work with other biohackers. 

Nutrigenomics

Nutrigenomics studies how nutrients impact your genes and how they’re expressed1, including how nutrition can protect genomes (all the DNA in a cell). A biohacker using nutrigenomics tailors their diet to enhance their genetic makeup, protect their genes from damage, and generally learn more about genes and food. Nutrigenomics also examines how nutrition affects all the protein and metabolites in a cell. 

Doing so, researchers and biohackers can learn more about how they, or members of the population, will respond to dietary changes. Biohackers can use nutrigenomics to predict what diet changes will do and adjust their diet accordingly. They “hack” the way their body responds to food to enhance their functioning and reap specific rewards. 

For example, a biohacker using nutrigenomics may take and test a gene sample after eating processed food with biochemicals. (If they don’t have access to the right machinery, biohackers often send their results to another lab for processing.) Based on the results, the biohacker will know how that food affects them and how adverse/beneficial the effects are. 

DIY Biology

Someone using DIY biology operates alone, usually working towards a solution with self-invented tools, modified tech, and their own resources. 

Because it’s more solitary in nature, most DIY biologists have a scientific or engineering background. Their knowledge and experience allow them to tinker with biology independently, sometimes just in their garage or spare bedroom. 

Many DIY biologists enjoy the freedom of doing what they want, when they want. Without any oversight, as some biohackers have when they join a shared biohacking lab, DIY biologists can create almost anything and test on themselves whenever they’d like. For example, they may implant a chip made only with parts they already had on hand. 

DIY Gene Therapy

In this form of biohacking, biohackers aim to splice and change their DNA or the DNA of other organisms directly. They’ll add in and remove specific DNA blocks to create a new function or feature. For example, one biohacker created glowing plants2 by splicing plant genes and bioluminescent coding to make plants that glow. 

A biohacker also bioengineered a radiation-resistant plant3. And, biohackers stitched together horsepox, a long-extinct disease, using DNA splicing. Some biohackers use gene therapy to (try to) make themselves HIV-resistant, un-lactose intolerant, have bigger muscles, and stop aging. So far, these attempts haven’t been successful, but biohackers continue to work at it. 

Lifestyle Changes

Not all biohackers need scientific equipment to “hack” how their bodies work. Some less intensive, lifestyle-change-only biohacks include:

  • Diet changes
  • Sleep routines  
  • Exercise
  • Supplements
  • Wearable technology, like a Fitbit 
  • Apps that store your biometrics when inputted, including what you eat and the calories you burn

Many people have been or are a biohacker, even if they don’t deeply understand the science behind why lifestyle changes work. Someone with that knowledge will have a stronger understanding of how and why the changes occur. They can tailor their body’s response more finely than someone broadly choosing to eat healthy, for example. 

Implanted Technology

Some biohackers, called grinders, aim to blend living and non-living material to enhance their senses. They implant devices, sensors, and cosmetic items4 to feel new sensations and monitor processes in their body, among other things. Some implanted devices include:

  • Neodymium magnets. Biohackers implant a small neodymium magnet into their fingertip to supposedly feel electromagnetic fields like a 6th sense. Some don’t report any sensation at all. In either case, it still functions as a magnet. Those with the implant can pick up small metal objects, like bottle caps, with their fingertip. The magnet could trip certain switches to open a door, turn on a device, and activate other sensors. 
  • Biometric sensors. Small sensors can relay biometric information about areas and processes in the body. For example, some small chips monitor temperature and communicate via Bluetooth with phones and other devices. Biohackers also created an identifying chip to communicate an unconscious patient’s medical history with first responders. 
  • Lighting implants. Small light implants serve a cosmetic purpose for now, but biohackers are working to create gesture-responsive, Bluetooth-connected devices that won’t need recharging. A handful of biohackers implanted a circle of LED lights into the tops of their hands. Newer versions of the device change color through a phone app. 

What Are Some Examples of Biohacking?

See examples of the different types of biohacks. 

Cold Water Therapy

Cold water therapy improves circulation and can reduce depression5. The temperature of ice baths shocks your body into survival mode, causing a flush of circulated blood and increased blood flow. Cryotherapy, another cold-temperature treatment6, offers similar benefits.

The adrenaline from cold shocks can also reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety over time, though research has only loosely connected that as a benefit. Cold water therapy can also help athletes recover muscle and reduce inflammation.

Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting puts stress on your cells7, which can make them more stress-resistant over time. However, one of the main benefits of intermittent fasting often comes from weight loss. Losing excess weight can help your joint health, heart, and overall functioning.

Consult with a doctor before fasting. They can help you determine a safe fasting schedule and what to eat on your feeding days.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Stimulating your vagus nerve can reduce depression8 and anxiety. The vagus nerve runs through part of your ear, where you can non-surgically stimulate the nerve. Acupuncture or gentle massage both stimulate the vagus nerve.  

Stimulation of the vagus nerve sends electrical signals in your brain8, which can treat treatment-resistant depression and improve overall mood. And, since you can stimulate the vagus nerve anytime, it’s a useful biohack for combating in-the-moment stress.

Red Light Therapy

Right light therapy can alter and repair damaged cells9. You can target certain body parts, like facial acne scars, or experience full-body red light therapy. It can make your skin feel smoother, reduce wrinkles and fine lines, and fade scars and stretch marks. 

Caffeine

Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, blocks the receptors for adenosine10. The chemical adenosine builds up throughout the day, causing sleepiness. Caffeine “plugs” the adenosine receptor and stimulates the central nervous system, making you feel less tired and more awake.  

Drinking safe amounts of caffeine can make you feel focused and alert. You may feel more productive if you drink a cup of coffee or tea in the morning. Just be sure to moderate your intake and not have caffeine too close to bedtime.

Nootropics

Nootropics, or cognitive enhancers, are supplemental “smart drugs”11 that can improve cognitive function. Most nootropics, like a plant or pre-existing chemical compound, have a natural origin. Some biohackers use nootropics to enhance their memory, intelligence, reaction speeds, and general wellness. 

Examples of nootropics11 include the compounds deanol (improves learning and memory), lecithin (improves attention and thinking), and plant products like ashwagandha (antioxidant), ginseng (mental and physical resilience), and more. 

Cybernetics

Biohackers using cybernetics create cyborgs, or cybernetic organisms. Cyborgs are anyone with an in-body mechanical enhancement. For example, one colorblind biohacker found a way to “hear” color12 using a device permanently set on his forehead.

Biohackers have used cybernetics to implant sensors, one of which can unlock certain doors. One “cyborg’s” implant allows him to feel the same sensations his similarly-equipped wife feels13 on her hand, even on the other side of the ocean.

Wearable Technology

Wearable technologies like Fitbits and Apple Watches give you real-time insight into your biometrics, like your heart rate. You can also use them to track your sleep and its stages. 

Wearable technology can track and store information about your nutrition, exercise habits, calories burned, and menstrual cycles. Most fitness watches will also prompt you to stand and move throughout the day. Some even detect falls and car crashes, and can alert emergency services.

These benefits can help you better understand your body, attune your diet and sleep schedule, and add extra safety for your day-to-day life. 

Research on Biohacking

Biohacking connects scientists and non-scientists alike to biology of all types. It enables anyone to play with biology, down to their DNA. But its effects on the world haven’t been wildly remarkable14. 

Researchers compare biohacking to the 1970s boom of self-taught computer builders and hackers, finding less advancement in biology compared to the lengths tinkerers advanced computer technology. That’s mostly because biohacking tools and materials aren’t yet as accessible as computer materials are and were. 

But, that doesn’t mean biohackers could or should stop. Any biohacker could discover a life-changing breakthrough. Many argue self-DNA manipulation, for example, could lead to live-saving gene therapies2. Researchers and biohackers alike agree anyone exploring biology and technology should feel encouraged to do so.

Biohacking can and does lead to lifestyle improvements. So for some, it can be an extremely effective tool that positively changes their lives. This may be especially true for lifestyle changes, like creating a sleep routine to feel more rested and productive during the day. 

Each example of biohacking has the potential to benefit lives. 

What Are the Risks Associated With Biohacking?

Biohacking does pose some safety risks. Around 2009, concerns arose about what biohackers could create, and why. Some feared biological weapons. In response, the FBI sent agents to a biohacking event2, a collaboration many biohackers welcomed. Law enforcement found little bioterrorism threats  as they continued to work with the biohacking community.

Risks of DIY Biology and DIY Gene Therapy

The International Gene Synthesis Consortium further protects against malevolent experiments14 by carefully monitoring what DNA sequences are purchased and by whom. They also ensure all buyers have an academic affiliation, or something similarly relevant. 

The nature of shared biohacking spaces also prevents security risks. Todd Kuiken, Senior Research Scholar at the Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, says, “It would be nearly impossible for someone to work on such a project in a community lab without someone noticing what they were doing and stopping it.” 

Any nefarious DIY biologists would hit roadblocks regarding mass-production, storage, and distribution of a chemical weapon. Creating it in the first place, with restrictions and limits on genetic material, is just as complicated. 

Risks of Implanted Technology

Implants and biotech require a skilled biohacker to build and implant. The risk of infection always exists, as does the risk of contamination from a leaking implant. Your body may also reject the implant.

Risks of Lifestyle Changes

Before you majorly adjust your diet or take supplements, consult your doctor. Some supplements could interact with each other or with your current medications. You’ll also want to ensure you’re not malnourished through intermittent fasting or other restrictive diets. See what your doctor thinks before you get started. 

Is Biohacking Safe?

Usually, yes. Biohacking often is as safe as the biohacker makes it. So, if you create a new gene-based cure for gluten sensitivity and inject it into yourself without prior testing, most would see that as unsafe. But most biohackers dabble in small enhancements with plenty of testing beforehand. 

In any case, biohacking has no FDA approvals or strict government testing saying it’s safe. Though that’s the appeal for many, they do put themselves at risk. 

But small lifestyle changes, like wearing a Fitbit or occasional cold showers, pose little safety risks. You can decide how much safety you’re willing to risk before adopting a new bio-hack. Always consult a doctor before making major changes, or if you have questions. 

Hack Your Recovery

In addiction and mental health recovery, some rehabs use biofeedback, biochemical therapy, and biohacking to enhance healing. Patients coming out of detox can find biohacking helpful for withdrawals and their overall health in recovery.

You can turn whichever form of biohacking works for you into a life-long habit for your recovery. Biohacking can help you manage low mood, recovery triggers, and physical health. Once you run changes past your doctor, biohacking also empowers you to control and understand aspects of your health.  
Browse our list of rehabs with biofeedback to see photos, reviews, insurance information, and more.

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What Is the 13th Step of AA?

While there are only 12 official steps in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), you might hear about an unofficial “13th Step.” This term refers to a romantic or sexual relationship between an AA veteran and a new member. 

Even if your feelings are real, these relationships can be very harmful. People just joining AA are typically in the early stages of sobriety. This is a vulnerable time. Long-term AA members can easily take advantage of newcomers, whether they mean to or not. 

You have the right to feel safe in your recovery. If an AA member makes you uncomfortable, check in with your support network. This might include your therapist, your sponsor, or other AA members with whom you have a trusting relationship.

Taking the 13th Step or “13th Stepping” 

The 13th Step isn’t just about sex.1 There’s a power imbalance between people in different stages of healing. AA veterans often have authority within their group, especially over new members. By dating or having sex with people in early recovery, 13th Steppers take advantage of their position.

Many people are vulnerable when they first join AA.2 If drinking has damaged your past relationships, you might be socially isolated. At the same time, most AA newcomers are still learning how to set healthy boundaries. So you might turn to long-term members for advice and emotional support. 

At first, 13th Steppers may seem like trustworthy role models—and many veteran AA members have the best intentions. But others use 12-Step meetings to look for newcomers they can pursue. And because most 12-Step groups are relatively informal,3 it can be hard to hold members accountable.

Who’s Considered a 13th Stepper?

It’s important to note that anyone can be a 13th Stepper.4 The term refers to the power dynamic between long-term and recent sobriety. Age, gender and other aspects of identity can add to a 13th Stepper’s apparent authority.

Are Any Intimate Relationships Possible Within AA?

While some 13th Steppers actively prey on people who are new to the program, these dynamics aren’t always black and white. For example, some experienced AA members may feel genuinely attracted to a new member. And for many people in recovery, it’s easier to date people who share your history of addiction. It could even seem like starting an intimate relationship within AA will support your healing process.

However, 13th Stepping isn’t that simple. It puts AA veterans in a sponsor-like role that can boost their self-esteem. It can also make newcomers feel indebted to their partners. Often, these dangers outweigh any potential benefits. 

If you’ve been sober for some time, you might be able to date someone with a similar history. When you meet on equal terms, the power dynamics of the 13th Step may not apply. But any romance within AA can still affect your recovery. Even relationships between peers can end dramatically. In that case, seeing each other at meetings could be painful. If you decide to date someone else in recovery, it’s safer to make sure each of you has your own sober support network.

The Dangers of 13th Stepping

When you’re new to the 12 Steps, AA meetings are a place to find support, solace and community. The 13th Step has the opposite effect. When veterans prey on newcomers, dating in early recovery can increase your risk of relapse.5 

Takes Time and Energy Away From Recovery

It’s standard advice in AA to abstain from starting a new romantic relationship6 for the first year of recovery. During that time, it’s essential to focus on yourself. New sexual relationships take up a lot of time and energy. As comforting as that can be, they also distract you from healing.

Increases Stress

Even positive relationships increase stress, which is a major contributor to relapse.7 And going through a breakup is even more stressful. It can also jeopardize your emotional safety within your AA group.

Alienates Newcomers From AA

13th Stepping is predatory. When AA veterans make sexual advances, they put unfair pressure on new members. The new person might feel like if they say no, they’ll have to leave the group. That cuts them off from valuable community support. 

Puts Newcomers at Risk

13th Stepping isn’t only distracting and isolating; it can also cause outright harm. There are documented cases of predatory AA veterans assaulting newcomers. Monica Richardson’s film The 13th Step8 describes many of these cases, exposing how some AA members take advantage of people in early recovery.

13th Stepping is not only dangerous, but indicates a need for additional professional help. If someone shifts from managing their addiction to predatory behavior, this could be a sign of other behaviors that require attention.

How to Best Navigate a 12-Step Program

A 13th Stepper’s predatory behavior is never the newcomer’s fault. But if you join AA, you can still take certain precautions to keep yourself safe during early recovery. 

Consider a Break From Dating and Intimacy

Dating and intimacy can distract you from the healing process. By taking a break, you prioritize your own needs. You can use this time to get to know yourself in this new phase of your life. When you’re ready to date again, you’ll have a much clearer sense of what you want in a romantic relationship.

Get Community Support

If someone in AA makes you uncomfortable, talk to other members you trust. Consult the literature, ask your sponsor, and check in with loved ones. You can also ask your therapist what they think. When other people know what’s happening, they can hold both you and the other group member accountable.

Learn About Sponsorship

Sponsors are there to help you work the Steps.9 They shouldn’t coerce you to make a particular decision, and they should never have sex with you. In this dynamic, even consensual sex is harmful. If your sponsor acts inappropriately, you have every right to end the relationship and find a new sponsor. 

Observe and Report Predatory Behavior

12-Step veterans with good intentions don’t make advances on newcomers. If you notice someone making sexual advances—toward you or another new member—keep your distance. You can also talk to other group members about what’s happening. If that doesn’t help, you can leave and look for a different 12-Step group in the area or online. 

Find a 12-Step Program That Works for You

The 13th Step can cause serious harm. It’s important to be aware of this dangerous dynamic, so you can focus on your healing process. People seeking support for addiction recovery deserve to feel safe in AA. 
Every 12-Step group is unique. If you think the 12 Steps would be a good fit for you, search 12-Step rehab programs to begin your recovery journey.

Frequently Asked Questions About 13th Stepping

Who is considered a “13th Stepper?”

Anyone can be a 13th Stepper. This refers to the power dynamic between long-term 12-Step members and those in early recovery, irrespective of age, gender, or identity.

Are any intimate relationships possible within AA?

While it may seem tempting to date someone with a shared history of addiction, the dangers of the 13th Step, such as power imbalances and emotional dependencies, often outweigh the potential benefits. It’s crucial to prioritize your recovery and seek support from your own sober support network.

What are the dangers of the 13th Step in AA?

Engaging in the 13th Step can lead to risks like increased vulnerability to relapse, diverting your focus from recovery, heightened stress levels, potential emotional harm, and isolation from a supportive AA community. It’s crucial to be aware of these dangers and take necessary precautions to safeguard your well-being in early recovery.

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Neurofeedback For Addiction Recovery: Letting Your Body Heal Your Mind

Neurofeedback can help those who need something different than a traditional way of healing during their recovery journey. With neurofeedback, you can see how your mind and body connect. And you’ll learn how you can shift your habits and ways of thinking to help you overcome addiction. You can start moving in the right direction to align your mind and body through neurofeedback treatment. 

How Addiction Affects the Brain

The human brain is made up of cells called neurons1 that interact with each other in different networks. One neuron releases a neurotransmitter, like a message, into the gap called a synapse, which then attaches to the next neuron telling it what to do. And different networks, or circuits, of neurons are responsible for different functions in the body.

neurotransmitter process

When you take drugs, they interrupt how this process occurs in the brain. Some drugs mimic the structure of natural neurotransmitters, and others cause neurons to release a lot of natural neurotransmitters. 

Addiction starts when your brain begins to produce less of its natural neurotransmitters due to high, constant drug use. It becomes harder to find the same happiness from things you used to enjoy. You then need to use drugs to find that pleasure again. And oftentimes, you need to use higher and higher amounts to get that same joy.

This becomes a dangerous cycle. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you find your passion for life again without the use of a substance.

What Is Neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback, measures brain activity with a few different devices like an electroencephalogram (EEG), sweat sensors, and heart rate monitors. Then, a trained professional can see where damage is in the brain. Your neurofeedback practitioner can work with you to get these harmed parts of the brain back to healthy functioning. It essentially harmonizes your brain waves. This treatment is non-invasive and does not use medication.

The main goal is to give you strategies to interfere with unhealthy thought patterns and help you take charge of your mind. This facilitates positive changes in thinking and behavior.

How It Works

Professionals at Luna Recovery explain that an electroencephalogram (EEG) uses sensors placed on your skin to gather information about brainwave activity2. It also collects data about your blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature. Practitioners then locate where there’s damage in the brain due to drug use, or other conditions. Knowing this, they can help you correct these faulty neural pathways.

What Happens During Neurofeedback Therapy?

During a neurofeedback session, which typically lasts about an hour, you’ll likely wear a cap on your head with different electrodes placed on it. These electrodes connect to a machine to monitor your brain’s activity.

neurofeedback session

After this is all set up, your practitioner will do activities with you to stimulate different areas of your brain. This could include watching a movie or playing a video game; however, your brain activity directly affects what’s happening on the screen. 

For example, your screen may only be at full brightness when your brain waves are interacting in unison. If you lose focus and your brain activity scatters, the screen will dim. Simple exercises like this not only show you how your brain is working, but they also begin to teach you how you can control it.

Are There Risks Associated with Neurofeedback Treatment?

Neurofeedback is generally a safe form of treatment because it’s non-invasive. It is possible, but unlikely, to experience some side effects during sessions, like anxiety, fatigue, and headaches.

Neurofeedback for Addiction Treatment

Addiction typically creates irregular brain waves3, and each drug creates different types of damage in different areas. Luckily, we can correct these irregularities through neurofeedback. 

During sessions, you’ll pay close attention to your thoughts. Outside of sessions, you can practice what you’ve learned to help you manage your feelings or cravings in real life. You’ll learn skills to adapt to any new situation that life throws at you. Throughout treatment, you can train your brain to become as healthy as someone without addiction4.

Neurofeedback and Mental Health

Neurofeedback is extremely useful for not only addiction recovery, but also for mental health disorders5. It’s an effective treatment for common disorders like anxiety and depression6. But neurofeedback can also treat co-occurring disorders and other singular  diagnoses:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Insomnia
  • Schizophrenia 
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

By disrupting unhelpful thought patterns, you can manage the emotions that come with your mental health condition. And neurofeedback can offer a good alternative to medication, especially if medications or other treatment plans haven’t worked for you in the past.

A Different Way of Healing

You have resources available to heal from addiction or mental health issues. Neurofeedback can give you a whole new perspective on life. You can attune your mind and body to connect with yourself and the world around you. Discover how rehabs with neurofeedback can help you start living fully.

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Tai Chi for Addiction Recovery

Tai Chi is an ancient martial art. Today, you can also use it as a complementary therapy in addiction treatment. Like any other form of gentle exercise, it can help you stay physically healthy during recovery. What’s more, a growing body of evidence shows that Tai Chi can improve your mental health. Many rehabs offer Tai Chi to help clients reduce stress, practice mindfulness, and begin to heal the relationship between their minds and bodies. 

What is Tai Chi? 

Tai Chi began as a Chinese martial art.1 Over time, it’s grown into a type of mindful movement that promotes physical health. While it’s often taught to small groups, you can also practice Tai Chi on your own. 

Compared to some other martial arts, Tai Chi is gentle2 and non-combative. It combines slow movements with mindful breathing and meditation. In most classes, practitioners flow smoothly from one pose to the next instead of sparring with each other. To a casual observer, this type of movement can look a lot like dancing.

What Are the Physical Health Benefits of Tai Chi? 

Tai Chi is a highly accessible form of exercise. It’s safe for people of all ability levels,3 you can practice it anywhere, and its fluid movements improve strength and flexibility. For people in addiction recovery, some of Tai Chi’s physical effects are especially important. 

Decreases Blood Pressure

Consistently practicing Tai Chi can reduce your blood pressure.4 This makes it a powerful treatment for clients recovering from alcohol addiction, which is a risk factor for high blood pressure.5 As your body continues to heal, Tai Chi can help you find a new normal.

Improves Circulation

Data shows that practicing Tai Chi for at least a year greatly improves blood circulation.6 Cycling fresh blood and oxygen throughout the body keeps your brain healthy,7 your organs working smoothly, and your immune system strong. For those in recovery, this boost in circulation can help your body repair damage caused by long-term substance use. 

Relieves Chronic Pain

Tai Chi can alleviate chronic pain8 associated with several conditions, including fibromyalgia, arthritis, tension headaches, and osteoporosis. Because of the correlation between chronic pain and addiction,9 this is often important during recovery. 

In particular, data implies that chronic pain makes people more vulnerable to opioid addiction. If that’s your experience, you’ll learn safer ways to manage your pain during rehab. If you find Tai Chi helpful, it can become part of your ongoing plan of care. 

Reduces Stress

Tai Chi is more than a form of physical exercise. This mindfulness practice also improves mental health and relieves stress.10 And because stress has a direct impact on physical well-being,11 this can be extremely important in early recovery.

Without proper support, stress makes you more vulnerable to addiction.12 But sustainable, fulfilling outlets like Tai Chi help you manage stress in the long term. If you find it helpful, you can continue practicing this martial art long after you leave rehab.

How Does Tai Chi Help With Addiction?

Experts agree that Tai Chi can help with addiction recovery.13 It’s most effective as a complementary approach, alongside treatments like talk therapy or medication. 

Promotes Sleep

Good sleep is foundational to addiction recovery.14 Getting enough sleep regulates stress hormones and helps your body heal. However, many people with addiction also have insomnia or other sleep disorders. This is especially common during early recovery. 

Data shows that Tai Chi improves sleep15 habits, which can in turn improve cognitive function. It also boosts your energy levels, making it easier to participate in therapy. 

Reduces Impulsiveness and Cravings

Your desire to use drugs or drink may never entirely disappear. But in rehab, you’ll learn healthy ways to cope with cravings if and when they arise. Studies show that tai chi improves impulse control,16 which can help you maintain sobriety in every stage of recovery.

Because Tai Chi also reduces cravings,17 you experience fewer triggers. Researchers note that the spiritual aspects of Tai Chi are essential here. As one study explains, mindfulness empowers people in recovery to have “an aware reaction rather than an automatic response” to difficult situations.

Strengthens the Mind-Body Connection

Like other complementary therapies, Tai Chi strengthens the connection between your mind and body.18 And that mindfulness can help you resist the desire to take drugs or drink. You’ll learn to accept your feelings just as they are, instead of trying to fix or change them. This improved self-awareness can help you stay grounded even when you face triggers and other challenges.

Connects You With Community Support

Addiction can be isolating. Because Tai Chi is usually taught in small groups, it invites you to connect with your peers. And building community in rehab can be a very important part of healing. 

Over time, your peers in Tai Chi class can become a strong support network. According to one study, “tai chi may have a significant impact on social support19 as a result of the shared group experience and group motivation components.”

How to Find a Rehab That Incorporates Tai Chi Into Your Treatment Process

Tai Chi is a holistic approach to addiction recovery. This practice promotes mindfulness and general well being. In conjunction with traditional treatments, it can be a powerful way to work through the symptoms of addiction.


If you’re interested in supplementing your addiction recovery with Tai Chi classes, search for rehabs that offer Tai Chi to find the right center for your needs.

Frequently Asked Questions About Tai Chi for Addiction Recovery

How does Tai Chi help with addiction?

Tai Chi can help with addiction recovery as a complementary approach, alongside traditional treatments like talk therapy or medication. Tai Chi promotes good sleep, reduces impulsiveness, strengthens the mind-body connection, and connects people with community support. These benefits can improve overall mental and physical health and support long-term recovery from addiction.

What are the mental health benefits of Tai Chi?

Tai Chi is a form of mindfulness practice that can help you manage stress and improve your overall mental well-being. It can improve your cognitive function, while also reducing cravings that may arise in early recovery. Tai Chi can help you become more self-aware and better equipped to resist triggers and other challenges.

How can I find a rehab that incorporates Tai Chi into my treatment process?

If you’re interested in incorporating Tai Chi into your addiction recovery, search for rehabs that offer Tai Chi classes. These holistic practices can be a powerful way to work through addiction symptoms alongside clinical approaches.
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Contingency Management: An Evidence-Based Approach to Addiction Recovery

Recovering from addiction is hard work. It can take conscious effort to resist cravings. However, some treatment centers use contingency management to reward you for continuing abstinence from drugs or alcohol. And those rewards help you focus on healing, even during stressful times.

What Is Contingency Management (CM)?

Contingency management (CM) is a behavioral treatment option1 for people recovering from substance use disorder. This therapy revolves around positive reinforcement. In other words, patients get rewards for certain activities, encouraging them to keep it up. When you’re in addiction recovery, you might get rewards for sobriety or just for staying in treatment.

Contingency management theory is based on the idea that changing your environment can change your behavior. In an environment that rewards sobriety, you’re more likely to commit to addiction treatment. Treatment rewards include tangible prizes, like vouchers or even cash.

For example, if you submit a drug-negative urine sample or attend your scheduled therapy session, then your therapist might give you a voucher. And the longer you sustain this positive behavior, the larger the rewards get. So after one day of drug-free urine samples, you could receive $1. After a year of proven, sustained abstinence, you could receive up to $100. But if you relapse, your rewards will reset back to the beginning.

How Does Contingency Management Work?

The first step in many contingency management therapy programs is writing a contract between the provider and the patient.2 In this contract, you’ll agree to:

  • Perform a specific type of desired behavior (like abstinence from drugs and alcohol or attending other therapy sessions)
  • Stay in treatment for a certain amount of time
  • Submit drug tests on a set schedule

In turn, your provider will commit to giving you specific, predictable rewards based on your behavior. If you keep the commitments in this contract, you’ll know exactly which rewards to expect.

Most people are in contingency management programs for a year3 or less. Depending on your program, you may have to submit urine tests daily4 or 2-3 times a week. You may test in your therapist’s office before attending a counseling session, or you might have to submit tests through a third-party testing center.

The rewards you earn also depend on your program. One popular reward option is a voucher that you exchange for goods, which increase in value the longer you stay sober. Other programs give you money, gift cards, or the opportunity to win prizes like movie passes. Some states limit the total amount5 that patients can earn. For example, in Virginia, patients can only earn up to $75 annually.

CM can be helpful in every phase of recovery. For example, many patients use this approach during detox from substances like opioids, in combination with other treatments. It may also be a good aftercare option for people leaving residential rehab.

Contingency Management as Part of Your Larger Treatment Plan

Contingency management is a supplementary therapy, so it likely won’t be the only addiction treatment you use. Most providers combine this treatment with medication, talk therapy, or other types of care.

Contingency Management and Pharmacotherapy

If your treatment plan includes medication-assisted treatment for substance use, like methadone, your CM program may reward you for taking your medication. You might also get rewards for safely taking methadone doses at home,6 or reaching other recovery milestones.

CM is very effective for patients using methadone maintenance therapy7 and other addiction medications. Participating in contingency management therapy actually improves the outcomes of these treatments.

Because drug tests are a regular part of most contingency management programs, make sure your entire team knows about any medications you’re taking. Most providers will include that information in your initial CM contract. This helps patients stay accountable throughout treatment.

Contingency Management With Other Psychosocial Therapies

Combining contingency management with other types of therapy can maximize the benefits of treatment. Rehabs like Renaissance Recovery in California integrate contingency management into their programs for this very reason. Patients attend both behavioral and psychotherapy sessions to learn new relapse prevention techniques. For example, you might combine CM with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Some studies suggest that contingency management helps most in the short term,8 while other methods like motivational interviewing can help you commit to long-term sobriety. However, other studies show that patients who have undergone contingency management therapy in the past continue to abstain from drugs9 or alcohol even after they stop getting rewards.

Can Contingency Management Help With Addiction?

Contingency management is a very effective treatment10 option for addiction to opioids, stimulants, alcohol, benzodiazepines, marijuana, and tobacco. Researchers from Washington State University describe contingency management as “one of the most effective behavioral interventions11 for initiating and maintaining abstinence from alcohol and drugs.” Dr. Nora Volkow, Director of the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse takes it even further, saying “we don’t need more science to show the effectiveness of contingency management.12 We need more treatment centers to implement it.”

CM works because of the way addiction affects your brain’s reward systems.13 As addiction develops, your brain starts to only recognize pleasure (the reward) when you drink or use drugs. Even things that used to bring you pleasure—like family time or career success—start to feel less rewarding. Contingency management replaces the reward of getting high with that of getting a prize. It motivates patients to sustain abstinence because of this potential reward.

Contingency Management for Teens

Data supports contingency management as a treatment for teens14 with addiction. Experts say that family involvement is vital to this process. Some rehabs can facilitate that through group therapy sessions. For example, your program may offer CM as part of family therapy.15

Contingency management can help teens with more than addiction recovery. It’s also effective for young people on probation15 and students using CM to stay in school.

Other Benefits of Contingency Management

CM can also help adults with a variety of goals. For example, some treatment programs strategically use their vouchers to promote drug-free activities.17 So you may receive a voucher for a free class at the local yoga studio, which encourages you to learn a new skill and have fun without using drugs. Finding new ways to enjoy yourself is an essential part of recovery.

Contingency management also helps patients build confidence.18 Tangible signs of your own success can boost your self-worth. It’s also easy to track your progress as each reward increases in value. Plus, earning small rewards consistently can add moments of happiness as you begin a new chapter of your life.

Contingency Management Rewards You for the Hard Work of Recovery

For many people, sustained recovery doesn’t come from a single type of therapy. Because addiction impacts every aspect of your life, treatment has to do the same. Talk therapy can teach you healthier coping skills, and complementary treatments can help you explore your emotions. While you’re doing that, contingency management both validates and rewards your progress.

Search rehabs to find a program that meets your needs and reach out to centers directly.