Category: Treatment Therapies

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Is Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) Right for You?

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an addiction treatment method that uses pharmaceuticals to address substance dependency. Because it entails medications that can themselves be addictive, this approach is controversial among those seeking treatment, the medical community, and addiction treatment professionals. And while this evidence-based treatment helps many people overcome their addictions, it also carries a significant amount of documented risks. 

If this is a treatment option you’re considering for yourself or for your loved one, it may be helpful to think of MAT as just one available tool that some find beneficial on their path to recovery. According to Douglass Weiss, President and Chief Customer Officer of Gallus Detox Centers,

“Substance use disorders occur within a much greater percentage of the population than you would ordinarily think. About 20 million people in the United States have a substance use disorder. However, only 11% of those people seek treatment.”

Considering how pervasive this problem is, any tool that can help someone sustainably recover is one worth (carefully) considering.

If you’re trying to decide if MAT is an appropriate option for you, learning more about what it is, what specific medicines are used, and what addictions it can treat will empower you with the knowledge you need to move forward in the direction that feels best for you. 

What Is MAT?

In short, medication-assisted treatment1 is exactly what its name implies: “the use of medications, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, to provide a ‘whole-patient’ approach to the treatment of substance use disorders,” as defined by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 

SAMHSA further explains how the prescribed medicines used in MAT help “normalize brain chemistry,2 block the euphoric effects of alcohol and opioids, relieve physiological cravings, and normalize body functions without the negative and euphoric effects of the substance used.”

Addictions That Can Be Treated With MAT

MAT is primarily used to treat three substance use disorder or conditions: 

1. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) 

2. Opioid use disorder (OUD)

3. Opioid overdose

Medication-assisted treatment is used to treat a range of opioid addictions including heroin and prescription painkillers. According to SAMHSA, “research shows that a combination of medication and therapy can successfully treat these disorders, and for some people struggling with addiction, MAT can help sustain recovery.”3

On the other hand, some rehab professionals, like Weiss, believe that “the best way to start the recovery journey is to be completely clear of substances so that when you enter psychotherapy, you’re doing so on the right foot. It also helps people succeed in talk therapy.”

It’s important to know that MAT is not a one-size-fits all addiction solution. Today, several medications are approved and used for MAT. Effective MAT programs should be “clinically driven and tailored to meet each patient’s needs,” as SAMHSA explains. 

Medications Used in MAT

Specific medications used for MAT vary depending on a) what kind of SUD is being treated, and b) your personal medical and substance use history. In the U.S., the medications used in MAT4 must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In Europe, these medicines are regulated and approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). 

Note: The following information has been compiled from the following guides, all from the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: 

Disclaimer:The information below has been professionally reviewed but does not represent, nor should be mistaken for, medical advice. Please seek medical advice from your doctor or qualified addiction treatment professional to fully review and understand the benefits, risks and side effects of the medications discussed.

willow springs recovery
Willow Springs Recovery in Bastrop, Texas uses tapered detox to remove drugs from the system slowly and minimize withdrawals.

Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder

Acamprosate

Acamprosate is a delayed-release synthetic compound used to help maintain abstinence from alcohol. 

What it does: This drug helps modulate and normalize alcohol-related changes in brain activity. This may help reduce common withdrawal symptoms like insomnia, anxiety, and restlessness which may help people remain abstinent.

 Pros and cons: In many European trials, acamprosate is much more effective than placebo in reducing drinking days and increasing complete abstinence, both in the short and long term. Acamprosate appears to have no potential for abuse, and carries virtually no overdose risk. Its side effects, which are mild and usually disappear after a few weeks, may include diarrhea, upset stomach, loss of appetite, anxiety, dizziness, and difficulty sleeping. Acamprosate’s rare but serious side effects include suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.

Where it’s administered: This medicine is only available at pharmacies with a doctor’s prescription. 

Disulfiram

The first medication approved by the FDA to treat alcohol dependence, disulfiram is an alcohol-aversive or alcohol-sensitizing agent.  

What it does: Disulfiram disrupts the metabolism of alcohol, which creates an acutely toxic physical reaction if a person taking disulfiram consumes alcohol. These reactions range from moderate to severe, depending on the individual, and can include sweating, hyperventilation, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, vertigo, confusion, and weakness.  

Pros and cons: The time between alcohol ingestion and the reaction can be as long as 30 minutes and the intensity of the reaction is unpredictable. The disulfiram-alcohol reaction can be life-threatening if taken in wrong dosages. Studies on the effectiveness of disulfiram have mixed findings, and this drug isn’t appropriate for people with severely impaired judgment or high impulsivity from a severe mental illness or cognitive impairment. 

Where it’s administered: Disulfiram is a prescription medication, and, according to SAMHSA, is highly recommended when “supervised administration by a pharmacist, healthcare provider, or family member.” 

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine is used to decrease opioid withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

What it does: When taken in low to moderate doses, buprenorphine produces partial opioid effects like euphoria and respiratory depression. These effects are considered “partial” because they’re weaker than the effects of “full” opioids like heroin.

Pros and cons: Buprenorphine causes limited respiratory depression and has a therapeutic limit, which means it’s less likely to produce an overdose5 even if doses are increased. But because buprenorphine does have opioid effects, it can be misused. Additionally, some of buprenorphine’s serious side effects include respiratory distress, dependence, withdrawal, and neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborns. 

Where it’s administered: Buprenorphine is the first OUD treatment medication that can be prescribed or dispensed in doctor’s offices with dosing done at home, rather than strictly from opioid treatment programs.

Methadone

Methadone is a schedule II controlled medication6 that activates the brain’s opioid receptors, producing an opioid effect.

What it does: When taken as prescribed, methadone can help reduce opioid cravings and withdrawal symptoms by blunting or blocking the effects of opioids. 

Pros and cons: Methadone has been used to treat OUD for more than 50 years. Because it interacts with other medications, has drastically different effects on different people, and has long-lasting active ingredients, methadone doses must be individually tailored and often adjusted and readjusted. Methadone does not have a ceiling effect, or a point at which the drug’s potency and benefits plateau. So, unmonitored dosing can lead to intentional or unintentional intoxication and overdose death, which is why methadone isn’t available as a take-home prescription. 

Where it’s administered: In the U.S., by law, only practitioners at a federally accredited opioid treatment program7 (OTP) or specially licensed clinic can offer and administer methadone treatment.

Medications for Both Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders

Naltrexone


Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, can be used to treat both alcohol use disorders and opioid dependence. 

What it does: Naltrexone blocks the rewarding effects and feelings of intoxication from alcohol and opioids, helping reduce cravings. 

Pros and cons: Naltrexone is a potentially effective treatment option for people with a history of both opioid and alcohol use disorders. This medicine has been shown to lower alcohol consumption and improve relapse rates, has little abuse potential, and most don’t develop a tolerance to its effects. But before using naltrexone for treatment, patients should be fully withdrawn from all opioids, or the drug could cause severe opioid withdrawal symptoms. Treatment outcomes in studies have been mixed and high doses of naltrexone can cause liver damage. There is also poor compliance and retention with its use and people with chronic pain should not use it.

Where it’s administered: Naltrexone can be prescribed by any licensed health care provider. 

Medication for Opioid Overdose Prevention

Naloxone 

Naloxone is essentially an antidote to opioids. 

What it does: If administered in time, naloxone rapidly reverses the toxic effects, or respiratory depression, of an opioid overdose. It does this by temporarily blocking and reversing the effects of other opioids, like heroin or morphine. It has no effect on non-opioid drug overdoses. 

Pros and cons: Because of its life-saving potential, naloxone is classified as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization (WHO).8 It has no dependency potential and a high safety margin. Some people have experienced allergic reactions to this medicine and naloxone causes symptoms of opioid withdrawal. 

Where it’s available: In the U.S. you can get naloxone from a pharmacy, and many states do not require a patient-specific prescription. As of 2019, 11 EU member states and Norway run take-home naloxone programs,9 which “combine training on overdose risk and management with the distribution of naloxone to potential bystanders,” making the life-saving drug more available “in places where overdoses might occur.”

villa paradiso tunisia
Villa Paradiso in Tunisia offers medically controlled detox in a beachfront residential home.

Risks of MAT

Many rehab and medical professionals have reservations about using potentially addictive or harmful medicines to treat addictions. Below we’ll address some of the most common concerns and risks associated with MAT. 

Prescribed Opioid Medications Can Potentially Be Abused

Most of the medications used in MAT are themselves addictive. Inadequate medical supervision, mismanagement of doses, or self-medicating can all lead to an increased risk of abuse and cross-addiction of the medications meant to help people overcome their addictions. For example, one study found that “young adults are much more likely to start abusing prescription opioids10 than they are to start abusing illegal opioids such as heroin.” 

“We are also very conscientious about not cross-addicting patients, which is, in a way, what medication-assisted therapy does,” says Weiss. “It puts you on another medication, but it is nevertheless an addictive medication. Suboxone, for example, has a 7- to 8-day detox period to get the person off of that medication.”

A 2021 study by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) found that although half of the EU’s 1.3 million high-risk opioid users were receiving opioid substitution treatment* (OST), and nearly 15% of people who entered specialized drug treatment programs “sought treatment for problems associated with the misuse of an OST medication.”11 

*Similarly to MAT, opioid substitution treatment (OST) is what harm-reduction programs that prescribe medications are called in the EU. 

Some Recipients of MAT Need to Stay on Medications to Stay Abstinent

A 3-year trial called the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS) concluded that “prescription opioid-dependent patients are most likely to reduce opioid use during buprenorphine-naloxone treatment,” supporting the argument in favor of MAT which claims that opioid medications help people maintain abstinence from full opioids. It’s important to note that the opposite—in order to stay abstinent you have to take prescription opioids—has also proven true. The same study also found that more than 90% of adults relapse after tapering off of prescription opioids,12 even when the length of tapering was increased from 8 to 12 weeks. A different 2008 study found that the duration of prescription opioid therapy “exceeded the time spent abusing”13 and concluded that “there is no evidence-based data to suggest when or if substitution therapy can be discontinued.” 

Counseling Doesn’t Necessarily Improve the Results of MAT

To be most effective, MAT is typically recommended alongside conventional talk therapy. Results from the POATS show, though, that “the addition of individual opioid dependence counseling to buprenorphine-naloxone plus medical management did not improve opioid use outcomes.” Counseling may help some have successful outcomes with MAT, but its effectiveness in combination with this treatment hasn’t been consistently proven. 

Study Results Are Mixed and Inconsistent

Some studies on the benefits and effectiveness of MAT don’t include a control group of people who aren’t receiving MAT. For example, one study evaluating the effects of counseling on MAT outcomes14 acknowledged that it didn’t examine the effects of counseling alone or with less intensive medical treatments. And, even for those receiving MAT and counseling, about only half of the patients had successful outcomes.

Potential Benefits of MAT

Despite the documented risks of MAT, there are still many organizations, medical professionals, and MAT patients who support its use. Just as there are many studies showing the risks, scientific research also shows the benefits of MAT, including its medical effectiveness at helping people achieve abstinence, as well as behavioral benefits. 

It Reduces Substance-Related Deaths

In general, overdose survivors have an increased risk for drug-related death. One 2018 study by the American College of Physicians found that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and buprenorphine “were associated with reduced all-cause and opioid-related mortality.”15 The results from a different 2021 study by the U.K.’s Harm Reduction Journal similarly found that the longer duration and better retention in MAT is associated with a decreased risk of overdose.16

It Helps Some People Stay in Treatment Longer

The 2009 methadone treatment for opioid dependence study from the Cochrane Library determined that methadone is an effective treatment for heroin dependence17 because it “retains patients in treatment and decreases heroin use better than treatments that do not utilize opioid replacement therapy.” Another trial funded by NIDA in 2005 reported that “retention in treatment was dose related,18 with 39%, 60%, and 68% of patients in the placebo, 192 mg of naltrexone, and 384 mg of naltrexone groups, respectively, remaining in treatment at the end of 2 months.” And lastly, a 2003 article published by The New England Journal of Medicine concluded that clinically administered medical treatments for opioid addiction had greater efficacy than placebo19 and reduced the use of and craving for opiates. 

athena passages
ATHENA Passages in Athens, Greece uses the latest advancements in addiction medicine to reduce the pain and discomfort of detox.

MAT Provides a Tool to Address the Growing Opioid Crisis

Experts in the U.S. are calling for greater use of MAT to reduce the risk of death after opioid overdose.20 “A great part of the tragedy of this opioid crisis is that, unlike in previous such crises America has seen, we now possess effective treatment strategies that could address it and save many lives,” says Dr. Nora. “Yet tens of thousands of people die each year because they have not received these treatments.” To illustrate this point, a 2020 investigation published by the American Medical Association found that of about 3,800 teens and young adults from 13 to 22 years old who experienced nonfatal opioid overdoses, only one-third received “any timely addiction treatment after overdose.”21

MAT is Supported by Medical, Mental Health, and Government Organizations

In the U.S., the American Medical Association and the American Academy of Family Physicians jointly published a document urging policymakers to remove all barriers to MAT22 for people with substance use disorders. In 2020, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy published the U.S. federal government’s first ever National Treatment Plan for Substance Use Disorders,23 which prioritized increasing access to “evidence-based addiction treatment, including Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).” And in June 2021, the Council of the E.U. approved the 2021-2025 EU Drugs Action Plan24 which details several measures to increase access to prescription opioid treatments.  

Questions and Concerns About MAT

Disclaimer: The answers below have been professionally reviewed but do not represent, nor should be mistaken for, medical advice. Please consult with your doctor to learn more about any potential side effects or concerns about MAT that you should take into consideration.

Is MAT effective at helping people recover from addictions? 

The effectiveness of MAT differs from person to person and can be affected by any number of factors. While the effectiveness of MAT varies and is not guaranteed, MAT has been shown to have positive outcomes on: 

  • improved patient survival 
  • increased retention in treatment 
  • decreased illicit opiate use and other criminal activity
  • increased ability to gain and maintain employment 
  • improved birth outcomes among women who have substance use disorders while pregnant 

What risks are associated with taking medications to overcome SUD?

As with any therapies that require medication, MAT does entail risks and side effects. Documented risks of MAT include: 

  • MAT requires close medical supervision—Some people aren’t in a position to regularly receive treatments, or have difficulty finding or going to a treatment center. 
  • Potentially becoming “cross-addicted”—In other words, there’s a risk of simply trading one addiction for another. 
  • Over-reliance on medications—Whether intentionally or not, MAT may become a crutch people use to avoid addressing their deeper traumas that are the core cause of their addictions. 
  • Overdose—The main risk of overdose comes from methadone. There’s also a slight risk of overdose with buprenorphine if it’s taken while drinking alcohol.

What are the side effects of MAT?

The side effects of MAT vary depending on which specific medication(s) you’re given. Even then, similar to taking different medications for different mental or physical health conditions, not everyone reacts the same or experiences the same side effects from MAT. Common side effects to MAT range from nausea and vomiting, to constipation and frequent urination, to sexual dysfunction and addiction. More serious side effects can include suicide ideation and death by overdose. 

Does MAT just substitute one addiction for another?

The answer to this question is complicated and really depends on what you believe, your personal substance use and treatment experiences, and what research resonates more with you. Some addiction treatment professionals do believe MAT replaces one addictive substance for another, while others recognize MAT’s potential to reduce drug-related deaths. 

Rehab Centers That Offer Medication-Assisted Treatment

Ultimately, the decision to pursue medication-assisted treatment is a personal one. Your primary care physician, psychiatrist, and/or treatment center admissions staff can provide more information on what to expect from this process and help you determine what course of action is best for you. 

Search our list of medical rehabs to learn more about available programs.

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Trauma-Informed Care: How Rehab Can Support Post-Traumatic Growth 

Trauma can be an isolating experience. When you go through something so painful that it changes you, it’s natural to feel like no one else can understand your new reality. You may have trouble connecting with the people around you, or no longer enjoy activities you once found meaningful. No matter how hard it is at first, remember: this is not the end of your story. You can always create a new beginning.

By going to rehab, you can get help from experts in trauma, PTSD, and CPTSD. The simple fact that these experts exist is proof that trauma is extremely common. You may feel isolated, but you’re certainly not alone. Depending on your program, you can also spend time in rehab building community with people who have life experiences like your own.

Diagnosis After Trauma: PTSD and CPTSD

This process can teach you a great deal about your own perspective. There are countless kinds of trauma, and everyone’s response to it is unique. For the most part, however, people whose mental health has been severely impacted by trauma are diagnosed with PTSD and/or CPTSD. 

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder1 (PTSD) normally develops in response to trauma that occurred in a discrete, specific amount of time. It’s often diagnosed in veterans and survivors of sexual assault. This condition is characterized by many symptoms, including but not limited to the following: 

  • recurring, involuntary, and intrusive memories of the traumatic event
  • flashbacks and/or dissociation
  • avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event
  • dissociative amnesia
  • persistent negative beliefs and/or self-blame
  • feelings of alienation

PTSD can be overwhelming. You may have the sense that one moment, or one brief period of time, permanently changed your emotional capacity. And that might even be true. But it doesn’t mean you’ll always be in pain. 

paracelsus confidentiality
Paracelsus Recovery in Zurich, Switzerland takes developmental trauma into account when addressing mental health and addiction issues.

CPTSD

Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder2 (Complex PTSD or CPTSD) is similar but not identical to PTSD. This describes people who have experienced prolonged trauma, such as long-term domestic abuse or long-term childhood trauma. While many veterans who served only one tour have PTSD, those who spent years in active service, and especially those who were detained in Prisoner of War camps, may in fact have CPTSD. The term may also apply to people who grew up in violent neighborhoods or spent time in prison. 

CPTSD is not yet officially classified as a diagnosis by the DSM-V (the American Psychiatric Association’s manual for assessing and diagnosing mental health conditions). However, many clinicians use it as a framework for discussing their clients’ experience. The term has been in use since at least 1988, when Dr. Judith Hartman of Harvard University suggested that the symptoms of long-term trauma may require a different kind of treatment than those of PTSD. She referred to a number of specific symptoms: 

  • self-destructive behavior, such as impulsivity and substance misuse
  • emotional difficulties, including rage, depression, and panic
  • chaotic personal relationships
  • dissociation and personality changes

Although CPTSD is not yet classified as a medical diagnosis, a growing number of healthcare providers use the concept as a therapeutic tool. It may very well be included in a future version of the DSM. Even now, many people in recovery identify with the term. Like any diagnosis, this is not only meant as a way of explaining ineffective or damaging behavior. Instead, it can help you define your experience in order to chart a path away from destructive patterns. 

What Is Trauma-Informed Care?

“Trauma-informed care“3 refers to a variety of healthcare practices that take into account the unique experiences of people with a history of trauma. Providers may be experts in treating PTSD and CPTSD, and they may offer special accommodations for certain clients. For example, when a survivor of assault sees a massage therapist who offers trauma-informed care, the therapist might make it a point to ask for verbal consent before touching any new area of their body. The provider’s goal is to treat the client with respect, making sure they feel as safe as possible throughout the healing process. 

Trauma-informed care takes the client’s past, present, and future into account. It’s not productive or even possible to ignore the original traumatic event while trying to move forward. Jan Garber, the CEO of Paracelsus Recovery, explains:

“When we’re looking at trauma, we often look at family of origin to understand how people were shaped and how that then informs how they react in life and how they relate to others.”

He adds, “If someone’s coming to us, most of the time they’ve identified a set of symptoms that’s saying, ‘Hey, stuff in life isn’t well, or it’s not working the way it could.’ So that’s the smoke, and where there’s smoke, there’s fire. So we want to really look at where that fire is and how the fire started.”

Looking at the root cause of trauma is not about assigning blame. It’s unlikely that you caused your own trauma, and it’s certainly not true that you’re responsible for other people’s behavior. You did not make this mess; or at least, you didn’t make it alone. Whatever or whomever the source of your pain may be, though, healing is your responsibility. That can feel very daunting, especially for people who experienced childhood trauma. Remember that you are not the first person to feel this way. There is a great deal of research that can guide you through PTSD and CPTSD, and your healthcare providers are there to help you navigate it.

mclean fernside
McLean Fernside in Princeton, Massachusetts recognizes clients’ need for trauma treatment as an essential part of recovery.

Learning From Triggers

Trauma-informed care is sensitive to triggers. This word has been co opted and even denigrated in recent years, so it’s important to define it in this context. 

A trigger is an inciting event that elicits a strong emotional reaction which may be disproportionate to the present moment, but is a reasonable response to the past trauma you’ve experienced.

It is not true that being triggered means you are weak, or fragile, or maladjusted. On the contrary, triggers exist for good reason. The extreme emotional reactions they cause used to serve you well. With time, effort, and therapy, many people can overcome these disproportionate reactions. 

Triggers are unique to everyone. Some are very common; for example, many survivors of physical violence have trouble looking at gorey images. However, they can also be hard to predict. A bouncy pop song might be triggering if it was playing when you got in a terrible car accident. If you struggle with your family of origin, you may be triggered by a funny sitcom about a happy family.

Simply avoiding triggers is both impractical and ineffective. Even if you never play the radio in your home, that same bouncy pop song might come on the speakers while you’re at a grocery store. Isolating yourself from situations in which you might be triggered can prevent you from living the life you want. The long-term goal of trauma-informed care is not to protect you from triggers—although that may be a useful short-term strategy. You will instead learn how to regulate your emotions and tolerate difficult situations.

The first step toward building habits is to acknowledge your current patterns. From there, you can decide which of them are still helpful. The skills that got you to this point served an important purpose, but they may not be the skills you need to build a better life. 

Trauma, Addiction, and Mental Health

When you experience trauma, it’s natural to develop coping mechanisms that are appropriate to use in emergencies. These strategies are very important; they are designed to help you survive and ultimately escape. But life isn’t always an emergency. Some of these habits can become harmful if you keep using them after the danger has passed. For example, a person who grew up in a violent home might have learned to mistrust their family members. That skill was probably a very important defense mechanism during their childhood. In adulthood, however, that same skill has the potential to damage a romantic partnership. 

If you’re living in an unsafe situation, it’s normal to want to escape. If physical escape is not an option, you may turn to other means of escape, such as substance use. Researchers have found “that there is high comorbidity between PTSD with substance abuse disorders4 and other mental disorders.” Because of this well-understood connection, many rehab centers are well-equipped to offer trauma-informed care. 

“Even if the person doesn’t define for themselves that they have trauma history, we assume that they do,” says Dr. Monika Kolodziej, Program Director of McLean Fernside. She describes their trauma-informed approach:

“What that means is being very respectful of space. It means being a clear communicator. It means not overstepping boundaries. And it means introducing the possibility that treatment for trauma might be an important part of their recovery. So in addition to being sensitive and interacting with the person in a way that’s respectful, that doesn’t overstep boundaries or is not aggressive or confrontational, it also means providing treatment and skills.”

PTSD and CPTSD can also co-exist with or even cause other diagnoses, such as anxiety and depression. Scholars have also suggested a link between CPTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD);5 some even suggest that we stop differentiating between these two conditions.6 If you’re living through ongoing trauma, and develop an additional mental health issue as a result, it can be even harder to get out of danger. And once you do arrive at a safer place, these conditions can complicate the healing process. 

Trauma-informed care takes these many complexities into account. Rehab is a place to not only move past substance use, but also learn to cope with the underlying cause that led you to use substances in the first place.

Camino Recovery exterior pool
Camino Recovery in Vélez-Málaga, Spain uses EMDR to help clients reduce the impact of traumatic memories.

Trauma-Informed Behavioral Health Services

Rehab is designed to be a safe, protected environment in which you can begin healing from trauma. You’ll have access to experts who can help you process your past experiences and learn new skills to use in the future. Without the added responsibilities of work, school, or caring for your family, you’re free to focus on yourself. This dynamic is especially important for people with a history of domestic violence, and anyone whose trauma has caused them to struggle with interpersonal dynamics. 

PTSD and CPTSD can be extremely isolating, both during and after the original trauma. That isolation can even be a key indicator of whether or not you’ll develop one of these conditions in the first place. For instance, if a person gets in a car accident and then has to wait for hours before an ambulance arrives, that waiting period might be just as emotionally damaging as the accident itself. After that traumatic event, it could also be hard for them to explain why they’re triggered by sitting quietly at the side of a road.

Rehab offers clients the opportunity to inhabit a safe and protected environment, without isolating them from care. By connecting with your cohort and your team of providers, you can learn how it feels to simultaneously exist in a private space and benefit from community support. 

Various rehab facilities offer different types of therapy for people with a history of trauma. Behavioral therapy is a particularly effective treatment. This approach provides clients with very specific tactics for navigating difficult situations, coping with triggers and urges, and living in accordance with their personal values. Some common styles of therapy for healing from trauma7 include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). 

Each of these kinds of therapy looks at trauma from a slightly different vantage point, and it’s important to choose the one that’s right for you. EMDR, for example, aims to restructure the way memories are stored in the brain. Meena Lavender, Family Therapist and EMDR Practitioner at Camino Recovery, explains:

“If you had a filing system in your brain, it would house traumas in different sections of your brain. What EMDR does is access it one by one and processes that to eliminate the emotional charge it has.”

EMDR is just one example of trauma-informed care that simultaneously treats the mind and the body. This holistic approach can be helpful for clients who experience physical symptoms as a result of their emotional experience. In some cases, these symptoms can be extreme: panic attacks can be mistaken for heart attacks, and dissociative episodes can put a person at risk of physical harm. Ryan Soave, Director of Program Development at All Points North Lodge, states: 

“We hold trauma in our body, and stress is really the symptom of trauma. we can start working some of that stress out of the body, utilizing things like yoga, breath work, meditation, massage, the sensory deprivation tank, exercise and other types of functional movement, then when that stress is released from the body, it makes it easier to deal with the stressors that are going to come on a daily basis.”

The Ball, the Box, and the Button: A Metaphor for Healing

Imagine that, at the moment you originally experienced trauma, someone handed you a box. Inside it, you find a bouncy ball and a big red button, which is mounted on one of the sides. Whenever the ball hits the button, you’re reminded of your painful experience. That may mean you get triggered, feel anxious, and/or have the urge to engage in destructive behavior. 

At first, the ball and the box are almost the same size. The ball is constantly pressing down on the button, and you spend most of your time feeling the effects of what you’ve been through. This acute phase of healing from trauma can be very overwhelming. Without effective tools to regulate your emotions, it’s unfortunately easy to fall back on unhealthy coping mechanisms.

Over time, though, you learn. You grow. The box gets bigger, and the ball has room to bounce around. It spends less and less time pressing on the button. Your feelings may still be intense every time the button gets pushed, but you’ll have some space to breathe in between those moments. You’ll develop skills to manage your own reactions, and be better prepared for the next time the ball hits. 

This metaphor was originally developed to describe grief. And the process of healing from trauma is not unlike the process of grieving.8 Often, though, what you’re grieving is a version of yourself. As painful as that is, there is a well-charted path forward. 

Trauma-informed care offers people the space they need to get to know themselves again. This is your opportunity to redefine yourself, your life, and your values. Healing is a-linear, and there will always be good days and bad days. This process is intended to help you navigate them both. 

To learn more about your options for care, see our collection of residential rehabs offering trauma treatment here. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Trauma-Informed Care in Rehab

What is trauma-informed care in rehab?

Trauma-informed care in rehab is an approach to treatment that recognizes the impact of past traumatic experiences on an individual’s mental, physical, and emotional health. It focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment for healing and recovery.

What are the key principles of trauma-informed care in rehab?

The key principles of trauma-informed care in rehab include safety, trustworthiness, choice, collaboration, empowerment, and cultural sensitivity. These principles inform every aspect of treatment, from the initial assessment to ongoing support after leaving rehab.

What are the benefits of trauma-informed care in rehab?

Trauma-informed care in rehab benefits individuals by taking their experiences and trauma into account to provide a safe and supportive environment for recovery. This can foster a sense of empowerment and autonomy, which may lead to improved mental health outcomes.

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5 Reasons Yoga Is Used in Addiction Treatment

women holding yoga pose on beach, ocean in background

Why yoga?

Yes, we know what you may be thinking. “Yoga is only for people who are flexible” or “What if I’m not strong enough to do some of the yoga poses.” So, before we delve more into reasons why yoga is used in addiction and mental health treatment, let’s explore who yoga is for.

Yoga Is for Everyone.

Yoga is not only for the physically elite, but yoga is for all levels of fitness and flexibility. Also, it’s important to remember that nobody becomes great at something overnight. Yogis who may be physically fit started from a beginning as well. So, improvement takes time, patience and the strength to say yes to things that may be out of your comfort zone at first. Yoga instructors in rehab facilities will walk with you along the way of discovering your physical and mental strength. With time and practice, you may become the yogi who is more self aware, flexible, mindful and physically fit!

It’s also worth noting that some yoga programs focus on meditation, wholeness, and breathing techniques, while others may focus more on physical fitness and challenging poses. Most programs are a combination of both. Whatever the yoga program is, we are thankful India birthed a practice that can be used to help overcome addictions and mental health issues.

So, let’s explore 5 of the many reasons yoga is used all over the world in addiction treatment programs.

1. Yoga Helps You Build Confidence

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Yoga teaches how a person is in control of their body, mind, and breathing, which then helps build empowerment. When overcoming obstacles, an important part of recovery is discovering confidence, self-awareness, and resiliency. For instance, a person recovering from addiction learns to be confident in their ability to say no to things they no longer want part of their life, and can gain confidence in new habits through the daily practice of yoga.

Yoga instructors in rehab facilities are there to teach yoga to all levels. It takes time and patience with oneself to become good at things that are unfamiliar. Yet, confidence arises each time a yoga session is complete because the learner is starting to master something that might have seemed very difficult or impossible.

2. Yoga Helps You Practice Deep Breathing

yoga breathing

Yoga focuses significantly on controlled breathing and for good reason. Deep breathing helps alleviate worries that you may be experiencing, and you can instead begin to focus on being grateful and whole with each breath you are breathing in and out. Practicing more awareness of your breath in yoga also helps shift mindsets to live in the present time. With the stress in the world, sometimes it can be hard to live in the moment, and yoga can help fight the tendency to always live in the past or in the future. Yoga poses focus on using motions paired with intentional breathing that center the mind and physical body. So, practicing yoga can help calm the mind and increase self-awareness.

3. Yoga Provides Community

yoga community

Although yoga can be done alone, yoga classes provide another opportunity to build community. Yoga classes in the rehab center are good places to start building connections, and after leaving treatment, yoga classes are typically accessible if one wants to continue the practice. Participating in classes or joining a yoga studio can help you have space to decompress, focus on wholeness, well-being and build friendships with others who share common interests. Research shows that community and support are beneficial to recovery; it’s important to surround oneself with people who encourage and pursue healthy mindsets.

4. Yoga Has Physical Health Benefits

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Yoga helps decrease stress while promoting physical health. Stress impacts the nervous system1 and can cause structural changes in the brain, including cerebral atrophy. While stress on the mind and body from addictions can cause high blood pressure and other health related issues, yoga helps lower blood pressure and reduce stress.2 Yoga is a great practice to turn to when you are feeling stressed.

5. Yoga Helps You Practice a Positive Mindset

yoga positive mindset

Yoga challenges negative thinking with positive thinking. The mindset shift is important for people who may be healing. Often in addictions, negative views of oneself and the world can hinder the person to see the beauty in themselves and all around them. Yoga centers and grounds you to reflect and see the good in oneself. You’ll start to learn how to love yourself and think positive thoughts.

These 5 reasons are only a glimpse of why yoga can be effective in addiction treatment. Once learned, yoga can be done at any time. So, for instance, if it is a busy day and you only have 15 minutes to spare before the next meeting at work, yoga is a great way to relieve stress and pursue wholeness. Doesn’t yoga sound incredible?

Explore our list of treatment centers that offer yoga. Compare pricing, treatment approaches, insurance accepted, and more.

Frequently Asked Questions About Yoga for Addiction Recovery

Is yoga effective for addiction treatment?

Yoga is effective for managing addictive behaviors. It brings you into the present, promotes self-awareness, is a healthy way to cope with stress, and can help you connect with sober community.

How long does it take for yoga to help with addiction?

Patients in recovery from different substances notice the therapeutic benefits of yoga at different times: 

• PTSD and alcohol addiction: reduced drinking after 12 sessions
• Cocaine addiction: reduced stress after 2 months 
• Opioid addiction: improved quality of life after 6 months

What are the benefits of yoga for addiction recovery?

Yoga helps patients build physical and emotional strength:

• It teaches deep breathing and mindfulness.
• You can gain confidence in a new skill.
• It helps with managing stress. 
• You gain access to a positive support network. 
• It boosts your physical health.

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Ibogaine Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

gabon scenery

When you first enter recovery, it can be daunting to consider the road ahead. Especially after addiction, which sometimes offers instant gratification, you may be concerned about the slow rhythm of sustainable change. Some clients find it helpful to kickstart this process using ibogaine-assisted therapy.

Ibogaine is an alternative medicine, often administered in a short-term retreat setting. While it’s not readily available in the U.S., clients can travel to treatment centers around the world to seek it out. If ibogaine is right for you, it could certainly worth the trip. This experience is extremely different from most other forms of treatment.

What Is Ibogaine?

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid, found in the West African iboga shrub. In small doses, it’s a mild stimulant. In large doses, it can produce a dreamlike psychoactive state. This medicine has a long history, and has historically been used in healing and initiation ceremonies by members of the Bwiti religion.

The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is exploring ibogaine as a potential treatment for substance use disorders, especially opiate addiction. According to their experts, “People with problematic substance use have found that larger doses of ibogaine can significantly reduce withdrawal from opiates1 and temporarily eliminate substance-related cravings.”

Experts found that ibogaine can have both psychological and physiological benefits. It’s sometimes administered at the beginning of a client’s detox process, because it “diminishes opioid withdrawal symptoms and reduces drug cravings.”2 Research suggests that ibogaine and its analogs “potently promote neuronal growth,” and produce “antidepressant-like behavioural responses.” Because of this, its effects may be beneficial for clients with a variety of mental health diagnoses.

The Uses of Ibogaine

This versatile treatment is especially useful for clients at the beginning of their recovery process. According to Álvaro de Ferranti, Founder of Tabula Rasa Retreat,

“It is not necessary to detox off drugs before an ibogaine treatment, particularly heroin…Ibogaine does take away heroin withdrawals instantly.”

It’s important to note, however, that clients detoxing from alcohol or benzodiazepines should taper off before beginning this treatment. Make sure to talk to your team of providers about your medical history, in order to avoid any serious side effects.

In addition to opiates, ibogaine is “also known to arrest cravings and addictions to stimulants such as crack cocaine and meth,” Ferranti continues. “It can also help people with dual disorders, mental disorders, and people who simply want to enhance their life spiritually and find answers and come back to self-love.” In particular, research supports the use of ibogaine for certain mental health concerns.

Opioid Addiction

In the Western world, this treatment is best known for its effect on recovery from opiate addiction. It alleviates most withdrawal symptoms, making detox faster and less uncomfortable. Clients also experience long-term benefits.

In one study, conducted by MAPS, “Results showed the most improvement in drug use at one month with 50% of participants reporting no opioid use during the previous 30 days. Ibogaine was associated with substantial reductions in opioid withdrawal symptoms3 and drug use in participants and may provide a useful prototype for development of innovative pharmacotherapy of addiction.”

Cocaine and Stimulant Addiction

According to the team of providers at Iboga Quest in Mexico, “cocaine addiction appears to respond very well to ibogaine treatment4 when coupled with proper preparation and after-care.” This finding is aligned with preliminary data from formal research.

In one retrospective study, subjects who had been treated for “cocaine dependence,5 almost none of whom used opioids, reported a median relapse-free interval of 5.5 months following single doses of ibogaine.” Ibogaine’s influence on the risk of relapse may be caused by its other psychological benefits.

Another study, which specifically focused on people in recovery from cocaine addiction, found that clients “patients benefited from the treatment in all the secondary outcomes, reporting decreases in craving and improvements in personal relationships, quality of life, and self-efficacy, thus supporting existing notions that treatments combining ibogaine and psychotherapy do have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of substance use disorders.”6

PTSD

Many people in recovery present with co-occurring disorders, meaning that they have both substance use disorders and additional mental health diagnoses. In particular, it’s quite common for clients to have PTSD. This condition has a complex relationship with substances. Some clients turn to substances in order to self-medicate its symptoms, and others develop PTSD due to experiences they have while using substances.

Ibogaine is shown to have a positive impact on PTSD patients.7 One study, conducted with military veterans, found that treatment “may offer a rapid and robust, and well-tolerated, treatment option for those suffering from a variety of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms,” and specifically for symptoms related to trauma.

Depression

Promising research is currently being done into ibogaine as a treatment for depression. Scientists began by creating an analog of ibogaine,8 intended to have similar effects. This medicine, called tabernanthalog (or TBG), “appears to relieve depression and addiction symptoms without producing hallucinations or other dangerous side effects.”

Although much more research is needed into the effects of TBG, some healthcare providers already support success using ibogaine to treat depression. According to the team at Tabula Rasa Retreat, “ibogaine can lead to an increase in serotonin levels in the brain, leading to a sense of wellbeing and possibility after a difficult period.” Their program caters to people with substance use disorders, depression, PTSD, and a wide variety of other mental health concerns.

The Experience of Ibogaine

Ibogaine is available at treatment centers around the world, although not in the U.S. Just like any other type of rehab, each of these facilities has its own distinct philosophy. Choose an environment that suits your specific needs.

Whatever the atmosphere of the facility, it’s important to carefully prepare for this experience. If you’ve been using certain substances—such as alcohol—you may need to detox prior to treatment. For others, this may not be required. Make sure to talk to your medical doctor and to the staff at your treatment center about the safest way to proceed.

Ibogaine induces a psychedelic experience. During the session itself, you may find yourself in a dreamlike state for up to 72 hours. Clients often report revisiting traumatic events from the past, and gaining new insight into their least healthy behavioral patterns.

As you slowly emerge from this state, you will likely experience immediate and significant differences. Rich, a client at Iboga Quest, had previously undergone detox, and later decided to try ibogaine after a relapse. Comparing these 2 experiences, he told interviewers, “With iboga, or ibogaine, it’s like hitting the reset button…I would say I still had symptoms, but they were significantly less—maybe 20-30% of what you’d normally have.”

Ibogaine also transformed his experience of shame. Prior to treatment, he struggled to accept himself, and was haunted by past mistakes. In an ibogaine-induced dream state, he envisioned a human body with empty spaces inside it, which he’d been trying to fill by using substances. As he explored these images, he learned the value of accepting himself just as he is.

“I always thought that acceptance was almost like admitting defeat. And [ibogaine] showed me that I didn’t have to necessarily like these aspects of myself; it wasn’t asking me to do that. But I had to accept them…these are things that happened…and even if they’re aspects of myself that were true at some point, they don’t have to remain true. And accepting them doesn’t mean that they remain true forevermore. In fact, accepting them puts you in a really great position to be able to change those aspects of yourself that you don’t like. And so that was my major teaching, really.”

The Long-Term Effects of Ibogaine

Unlike some other psychedelic medicines, ibogaine can have a lasting effect on mental health.9 In fact, researchers believe that it can “modify addiction-related neural circuitry through the activation of neurotrophic factor signalling.” This has important implications for its use in the long-term recovery process.

Despite its rapidly apparent benefits, however, ibogaine is not a miracle cure for substance use disorders. Experts at Tabula Rasa Retreat have defined 4 distinct phases of ibogaine treatment:10

  • In Phase 1, patients ingest ibogaine and experience a dreamlike state. You’ll likely spend this portion of treatment in bed, and under medical supervision.
  • During Phase 2, you’ll be fully conscious and aware, but may be hypersensitive and overwhelmed by recent epiphanies.
  • Phase 3 “begins abruptly and lasts for around 3 months. This phase is known as Temporary Freedom.” During this time, clients report decreased cravings and a lower sensitivity to triggers. It’s extremely important to remember that this, too, is just one phase of treatment. Clients should have a clear plan for aftercare in order to take advantage of this time.
  • Phase 4 is also known as the “Return to Earth.” At this point, clients often see an increase in their emotional sensitivity, and may be susceptible to relapse.

Researchers have determined that ibogaine “is not a cure for addiction.11 Instead, it merely interrupts addiction.” There is a great vulnerability associated with Phase 4 of treatment. No matter how relieved you may feel in Phase 3, it’s extremely important to prepare for your long-term recovery. If at all possible, it’s best to make plans for aftercare before you begin treatment. This may guard against the impulse to return to your old life too quickly.

Some clients begin recovery with ibogaine, and then go on to attend a more traditional rehab program. You might also consider joining an intensive outpatient program (or IOP), meeting with a support group, or simply seeing a talk therapist who specializes in substance use disorders. However you choose to proceed, make sure you’re prepared for the next phase of the healing process.

Beginning Recovery With Ibogaine

Although more research is needed, ibogaine is a very promising treatment. Whether you’re healing from substance addiction, trauma, or another mental health diagnosis, it may be a good place to start moving forward. However, like any other medication, this medicine is not appropriate for all clients. It has some notable health risks,12 and may cause unwanted physical side effects. Make sure you consult with a medical professional in advance, to ensure it’s a safe method for you.

Remember that while recovery can start with ibogaine, it’s just the first step in a lifelong process. It’s best to combine this medicine with other, evidence-based therapies, which may include rehab, medical care, talk therapy, or other options. Ibogaine can be a powerful element of your healing process, and may make it easier for you to move toward a healthier lifestyle. But this experience is no replacement for the slow, careful cultivation of sustainable behaviors.

If you’d like to learn more about this therapy, see rehabs offering ibogaine-assisted treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions About Ibogaine Therapy

What is ibogaine treatment for substance use disorders?

Ibogaine treatment is a unique approach to treating substance use disorders that involves the use of the iboga plant. It’s believed that ibogaine can help people heal from addiction by providing a deep psychological and spiritual experience that helps them confront its root causes.

Is ibogaine treatment safe?

While ibogaine treatment shows promise in treating addiction, it’s not without risks. It’s important to seek treatment at a licensed and reputable facility with trained medical staff who monitor patients and provide appropriate care.

What types of addiction can be treated with ibogaine?

Ibogaine treatment is used to treat a range of conditions, including addiction to opioids, alcohol, cocaine, and meth. However, it may not be suitable for everyone and should only be used under the guidance of trained medical professionals in a controlled and supervised setting.

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Helping With Horses: What You Need to Know About Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy

EAP Treatment for Addiction - Luxury Rehab

Horses have stood side-by-side with humans for centuries. And now, we’re working with horses to treat addiction and mental illness.

Equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP), also known as equine assisted therapy (EAT) or simply equine therapy, is a rapidly growing form of addiction recovery. It involves using horses to achieve therapeutic goals as designed by a health professional, the benefits of which include improved motor skills, sensory processing, and better social interaction.

Here’s what you need to know about equine therapy, and why it’s an effective way to treat those challenged by addiction and mental health issues.

What Is Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy?

Equine assisted psychotherapy is a highly specialized form of therapy that uses horses to help treat those suffering from trauma and addiction. Founded at the Sierra Tucson treatment center in Arizona, equine therapy has now been introduced in North America, in the U.K. and across much of Europe, and for good reason. Don Lavender, Programme Director at Camino Recovery, explains:

“It’s become a really effective therapy. We are working with addicts to teach how to work with personal boundaries and the boundaries of the self and others, as well as some healing. It’s therapeutic for the human because they get to learn connection with others. If they’re isolated and they’re using drugs, they will learn how to replace that with connection.”

Get a peek into equine therapy with Don Lavender from our visit to Spain.

Equine therapy takes an activity-based approach to healing to promote personal growth, responsibility and positivity. It’s designed to break down the barriers that prevent positive communication and encourage healthy interactions, first with the horse, and then with those around us.

How Does Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy Work?

The common misconception about equine assisted psychotherapy is that it involves horseback riding. In actuality, there is no riding of horses involved in this form of treatment. Instead, equine therapy is about groundwork. It’s about learning how to speak the language of the horse and build a connection with it through a series of ground-based activities.

One example is lunging. In short, lunging is getting the horse to move around the pen with you. You can pull on a horse’s rope and drag it around the pen next to you, or you can develop a “join up” and walk in unison with the horse at its own free will. It’s the latter that you want to achieve, but to do this requires the patient to understand, read and tend to the horse’s emotions.

A big reason why equine assisted psychotherapy is so effective is that the horse emulates a non-judgmental, open and entirely honest human being. They are a “divine mirror” to human emotion and give a patient the ability to understand how certain actions and behaviors affect those around them.

sierra tucson equine psychotherapy
Sierra Tucson in Arizona uses equine therapy to “explore emotional regulation, relationships, and present-moment mindfulness.”

What Are the Benefits of Equine Therapy?

Oftentimes, those suffering from addiction, trauma and mental health issues suffer in silence. It’s not a matter of having no support around you, but rather, it’s about failing to open up and validate hardship.

Working with horses, then, breaks down these barriers to effective communication and healing. It helps people adjust their perceptions and focus on attending to the needs of something other than themselves, and consequently, it builds a bond of trust and support.

When it comes to horses, we consider them to be non-judgmental creatures. As Don explains:

“Horses are perfect animals to do this, because every cell of their being is to join up and connect.”

And that’s what using equine therapy in treatment is all about. It’s about togetherness and understanding the needs and requirements of other people, it’s about building confidence and self-esteem, and it’s about improving both verbal and non-verbal methods of communication.

Healing Through Experience

Psychotherapy is often dubbed “talking therapy.” In the media, it’s depicted as a person lying on a sofa explaining their problems to a therapist and the therapist asking, “how does that make you feel?” And for many, this is an effective way of treating addictions and trauma, but treatment shouldn’t be limited to verbal communication.

Equine-assisted psychotherapy is a non-verbal method of therapy that uses experiential principles1 to encourage positive behavior. To accomplish simple tasks, a patient must first learn and understand “the language of the horse” and build a connection through non-verbal communication methods like body language.

From there, they can begin to understand how their communication approach affects the horse and learn how to improve on it, working to better understand themselves—it’s the understanding of one’s self that’s the ultimate goal to better recovery.

Find out more about the best treatment centers offering equine therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is equine-assisted psychotherapy?

Equine-assisted psychotherapy is a therapeutic approach that involves interacting with horses as a means of promoting emotional growth and healing.

What conditions can be treated with equine-assisted psychotherapy?

Equine-assisted psychotherapy can be effective for treating a variety of mental health and behavioral issues, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, addiction, and relationship problems.

What should I look for in an equine-assisted psychotherapy program?

When choosing an equine-assisted therapy program, look for a reputable rehab with certified therapists, trained horses, and comprehensive surrounding support.

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Treating Depression With Ketamine and Psychedelics

spiral staircase marble steps brass banister photo cred: ludde lorentz

Both ketamine and psychedelics have emerged as popular therapeutic methods in recent years for those who have been resistant to other forms of depression treatment. While many medical professionals and people who have undergone these treatments attest to their benefits, there are still legitimate concerns being expressed about the potential risks associated with their use.

]We take a look at some factors to consider, and the science behind this approach.

How Ketamine Is Used to Treat Depression

Ketamine’s most common medical use is as an anesthetic and a sedative. But it can also be used as a fast-acting antidepressant, usually in the form of a nasal mist or IV infusion performed under medical supervision. Studies have shown that, starting within 4 hours of receiving a dose, ketamine relieved the symptoms of depression for approximately one week at a time.1 Research further suggests that ketamine causes new connections to form in brain. Its fast-acting effectiveness and impacts on neuroplasticity have led clinicians like Gerard Sanacora, Psychiatry Specialist at Yale Medicine, to speculate on its increased use in medical research.

“It’s quite possible that we will see more medical institutions offering ketamine as a treatment,”2 says Sanacora. “And the FDA recently approved the use of esketamine, which is derived from ketamine. These are all very exciting prospects.”

Is Ketamine Safe?

Currently, ketamine is only approved by the FDA as an anesthetic and pain reliever,3 not as a depression treatment. This is largely due to the fact the long-term impacts of ketamine are mostly unknown. Since it’s also used recreationally for its narcotic properties, addiction risk is a major concern. Too much ketamine can have adverse effects like dissociation, hallucinations and paranoia (known as a “K-hole”).4 While ketamine administered in the proper doses under professional supervision is considered safe, these concerns prevent it from becoming more mainstream.

How Psychedelics Are Used to Treat Depression

Psychedelics have a different way of treating depression. Research shows that hallucinogens like psilocybin (found in psychedelic mushrooms), LSD and ayahuasca can potentially relieve the depression symptoms after just a single dose. Successful psychedelic treatments can help people gain clarity about problems they’re experiencing, giving them the opportunity to access their subconscious and process past traumas they had previously suppressed. According to recent studies, psychedelics enhance people’s feelings of connectedness with others,5 their spirituality and their sense of meaning. Some studies suggest that these substances open pathways in the brain—hence the notion that psychedelics expand your mind. While this sounds promising, the science on how these drugs work to treat depression is still being studied.

Watch this TED Talk by Mark Haden, Adjunct Professor at the University of British Columbia School of Population and Public Health, to learn more about psychedelics:

Are Psychedelics Safe?

Psychedelics also pose their own set of risks. Although they’re not generally considered to carry high addiction risk, there can be unpredictable short-term effects of psychedelics.6 Not least of these is a “bad trip,” which can include symptoms like extreme paranoia, anxiety, and loss of psychological control. While these symptoms usually subside within a relatively short period of time, they can lead users to place themselves in dangerous situations. Generally speaking, however, when intentionally therapeutic doses of ketamine or psychedelics are administered by professionals in safe environments, the risks to your safety are quite low.

Finding the Right Rehab for Depression

If you’ve tried different treatment methods for depression and find yourself still struggling with this debilitating disorder, know that there is an abundance of treatment options out there, and some may work better for you than others. While ketamine or psychedelics may not be for you, a variety of other program offerings might be.

Visit our collection of rehabs specializing in depression treatment to explore some of the world’s best centers today. Additionally, learn more about RehabPath and get the most up-to-date company news.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can ketamine and psychedelics be used to treat depression?

Ketamine and psychedelics treat depression by influencing the brain’s chemical pathways, promoting new thought patterns and behavior. They can provide rapid relief for symptoms of depression, and may be particularly useful for people who haven’t found success with other treatments.

What is the difference between ketamine and traditional antidepressants?

Unlike traditional antidepressants which can take several weeks to start working, ketamine can provide relief from depression symptoms within hours. Ketamine targets different neurotransmitter systems in the brain compared to other antidepressants, making it a valuable treatment option for people who haven’t responded to other medications. Additionally, helps repair damaged neural pathways, leading to longer-lasting effects.

What’s the process for ketamine or psychedelic therapy for depression at a residential rehab center?

In residential rehab, you’ll undergo ketamine or psychedelic therapy under the guidance of qualified professionals. Patients are carefully screened to ensure that they’re appropriate candidates for these treatments. After an initial consultation, your care team will develop a personalized treatment plan, and you’ll receive the medication in a comfortable, private setting. The treatment is closely monitored to ensure safety and efficacy, and you may receive ongoing therapy and support to promote long-term recovery.

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Holistic Therapies in Drug and Alcohol Rehab

The use of holistic therapies in rehab is a highly debated topic. While some experts claim that alternative therapies are the missing piece of effective treatment, others say they lack scientific backing. Still, as modern addiction treatment progresses, more rehabs offer holistic therapy.

Here, we’ll take a look at what holistic therapy options are available, how they work and the research that speaks to their effectiveness in treating addiction.

What Are Holistic Therapies?

Holistic (also known as alternative, complementary or unconventional) therapies are designed to treat a person as a whole—body, mind and spirit. In rehabs, holistic therapies help address issues that both lead to and result from an addiction. Rather than targeting a specific issue, they’re designed to address your overall mental, physical and spiritual wellness.

Alternative treatments use mindfulness, spirituality and energy-related work to boost your health and well-being. Supporters of this approach see addiction as a symptom of broader unwellness. They also point out it’s equally important for the negative emotional and physical side effects of addiction to be treated, in addition to the addiction itself. Certain holistic therapies are commonly used in addiction treatment:

  • Meditation
  • Yoga, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, dance and other types of mindful movement
  • Acupuncture and acupressure
  • Massage
  • Reiki, crystals and other types of energy work
  • Herbal, Chinese or ayurvedic medicines
  • Homeopathy
  • Nutritional therapy

These therapies are designed to treat the underlying causes of addiction and promote more meaningful and longer-lasting healing. They also differ from conventional treatment in that they’re based on a more spiritual understanding of addiction.

Tai Chi
Picking up a healthy practice like Tai Chi helps maintain your wellness in recovery—and your sobriety, as a result.

Do Alternative Treatments Work for Addiction?

Measuring the effectiveness of addiction treatment in general is no easy task. This is even truer of holistic therapies, for a few reasons:

  • Holistic treatments are almost always used in combination with conventional methods like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication. Alternative therapies enhance and support these traditional therapies, which makes it harder to measure the success of holistic methods alone.
  • Holistic therapies include a wide range of practices. The term “holistic therapies” covers a broad scope, so blanket statements about their effectiveness aren’t entirely accurate.
  • Each individual responds differently to different therapies. What works for you might not work for someone else, and vice versa.

The question, “Do holistic therapies work?” is, definitively speaking, unanswerable. But addiction experts do have some evidence of their effectiveness through clinical research.

What We Know About Alternative Therapy in Rehab

Below are some facts about the use of holistic treatments in rehab along with corresponding research for each:

Holistic Therapies Treat More Than Just Addiction

Unconventional treatments attempt to treat your well-being as an interconnected whole,1 rather than honing in on one aspect of your physical or mental health. Holistic measures address other common concerns:

  • Physical symptoms brought on by the addiction and/or withdrawal
  • Emotional imbalances at the root of your addiction
  • Nutritional deficiencies that create chemical imbalances in the brain
  • A lack of spiritual grounding, which can contribute to feelings of loneliness and meaninglessness

These are just some of the underlying issues that may be indirectly related to (but play a significant role in) your addiction.

Wellness Therapies in Rehab Increase Chances of Program Completion

Treatment centers that use holistic measures have better program-completion rates.2 A study by the academic journal Psychiatry Services found that better services in a rehab center and the client’s satisfaction levels were positively correlated to completion of the program. In other words, your comfort level in rehab is important when it comes to completing treatment. And of course, if you complete your treatment program, your likelihood of maintaining sobriety is higher.

Holistic Approaches Treat Trauma Connected With Addiction

The link between trauma and addiction has been well established. Whether your addiction brought trauma into your life or traumatic life experiences led you to addiction, the majority of addicts identify as having some form of trauma. Experts agree that healing trauma is an essential component of recovery. The impact of holistic therapies on trauma3 is quite definitive—if you struggle with trauma and are seeking help for an addiction, holistic treatment options could improve your chances of a lasting recovery.

Complementary Treatments Decrease Chances of Relapse

Once you’ve completed treatment, holistic therapies can help you prevent relapse. Specifically, one study found that mindfulness-based therapies successfully prevent relapse.4 Clinicians found that through meditation, recovering addicts were better able to identify potentially triggering scenarios and remain calm in stressful situations, which may have otherwise caused them to relapse. Receiving alternative treatments while in rehab can provide you with the necessary skills for a lasting recovery.

Holistic Treatments Combat the Stigma of Addiction

One of the greatest obstacles in both seeking treatment for addiction and maintaining recovery is stigma. Stigma often prevents people with addictions from seeking help and adds to the difficulty of staying sober. However, alternative treatments help people in recovery manage stigma more effectively.5 Creating feelings of inner peace and harmony better equips someone to handle the stigma that can come with addiction.

Women Respond Better to Alternative Therapy in Rehab

Studies show that alternative therapies are more effective in treating addiction in women6 than men. This trend may be partially attributed to the socialization of women to be more open to alternative approaches. Whatever the reason, if you’re a woman seeking treatment, it could benefit you to look for a rehab that gives you the option of holistic therapies to complement your core program.

Meditation holistic
Your comfort level in rehab is important when it comes to completing treatment—rehabs that employ holistic measures have better program-completion rates.

Benefits of Holistic Therapy

Although holistic therapy for addiction remains a debated issue among researchers and clinicians, many agree to the following benefits:

It’s natural. Alternative therapies use methods that are natural and don’t involve prescription drugs. While the use of medication can be a good treatment tool, it’s not necessary in all cases and if you prefer to avoid it, holistic measures may be right for you.

It restores your body’s equilibrium. Addiction wreaks havoc on your body’s inner balance. Oftentimes, addiction comes with other harmful habits, such as poor nutrition or sleeping. Holistic therapies can address these other imbalances, leading to overall improved health.

It develops lifelong healthy habits. Meditation and yoga are two examples of healthy practices that you may wish to continue after treatment. These go a long way in helping maintain your wellness in recovery—and your sobriety, as a result.

It treats the body, mind and spirit. Holistic methods treat the whole person by dealing with wellness concerns on multiple levels. By expanding treatment to various aspects of self, holistic therapies encourage a more complete sense of well-being.

Choosing a treatment center that offers holistic options gives you access to these extensive benefits, which you can take with you well beyond your time in rehab.

Wellness Programming at Rehabs

The decision to seek treatment isn’t an easy one to make. But many rehabs try to ensure your treatment journey is as comfortable and comprehensive as possible. And the best treatment centers don’t depend solely on holistic therapies; rather, they use alternative methods to complement evidence-based treatment.

With holistic therapies, you’re more likely to not only find peace in your experience, but also remain in the program when the process gets tough. While you do the hard work of getting sober and sorting through a painful past, alternative treatments make you more receptive to conventional therapy and uplift your overall state.

Compare rehabs offering holistic therapy with key information listed in one place, including price, insurance accepted, and conditions treated.

Frequently Asked Questions About Holistic Therapies in Rehab

Are holistic therapies effective?

Clinical research suggests holistic therapies positively impact recovery: 

• They treat underlying trauma related to addiction. 
• Rehabs with holistic therapies often have higher completion rates.
• Mindfulness therapies can prevent relapse.

Can holistic therapies treat addiction?

Yes. Many rehabs now use holistic treatments alongside conventional therapies. Holistic therapies can address aspects of addiction that talk therapy doesn’t, and make your treatment experience more enjoyable.

What types of holistic therapy are used to treat addiction?

While a wide range of practices fall under the term “holistic,” certain therapies are more commonly seen in rehab:

• Meditation
• Yoga
• Massage
• Nutritional therapy 

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Pet-Friendly Rehabs: How Animals Can Aid Your Addiction Treatment

young woman smiling face to face with fluffy puppy

Completing primary addiction treatment is challenging, even in the best of circumstances. To smooth your path to recovery, addiction specialists may use a range of medication and therapy-based options. One option that’s gained popularity in recent years is pet therapy, or animal-assisted therapy (AAT). This type of treatment helps improve your chances of success by cultivating the strong emotional bonds that often form between people and animals. In rehab, pets can create a feeling of familiarity and comfort, soothe raw emotions, calm your mind and even help you open up to your therapists—all of which is a significant boon to your recovery progress.

What Is Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT)?

Animal-assisted therapy is the use of animals to enhance healing processes. Used in a variety of therapeutic settings, AAT has a number of benefits, which include:

  • Releasing endorphins, producing a calming effect on the mind
  • Lowering heart rate and blood pressure
  • Reducing anxiety, anger, and aggression
  • Improving feelings of self-worth
  • Enhancing trust between clients and counselors
  • Fostering a sense of purpose
  • Increasing physical activity and socialization

Dogs and cats are the most commonly employed therapy animals, but several rehabs offer programs such as equine therapy and even dolphin therapy! In fact, the benefits of AAT aren’t exclusive to any specific type of animal—it’s the companionship and unconditional love that counts.

animal therapy dolphins
Animal therapy isn’t just dogs and cats.

According to a study published by the US National Library of Medicine, “It has been suggested that AAT might help to develop the therapeutic relationship between patients and healthcare professionals1, and could improve the therapeutic atmosphere; animals in AAT can act as social facilitators, social modulators, and amplifiers of emotional reactivity.” Another advantage of pet therapy is that it works well for people with a wide range of disorders and personal backgrounds—its core benefits are largely universal.

The Benefits of Pet Therapy in Rehab

Interacting with pets has a calming effect—one that’s surely welcome during the early days of addiction treatment when dealing with stress, frustrations, and unfamiliar surroundings can test the limits of your willpower. Animals improve your mental state and provide you with a much-needed sense of comfort and security, helping you get settled into your program and adding an extra layer of support.

Pets also release feel-good chemicals in your brain (which get depleted over the course of an addiction), such as the “love hormone” oxytocin, enhancing your ability to connect with others. This not only helps you open up more easily in therapy but establishes positive emotional patterns you can take with you well into recovery.

animal therapy horses
Pets release feel-good chemicals in your brain, as well as improving your mental state overall.

It’s not just human-to-animal connections that are established during AAT; pets can strengthen human-to-human bonds, too. A study on companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people2 published in the journal PLoS One found that people who walked their dogs were far more likely to know their neighbors than non-pet owners. In fact, pet owners were 60% more likely to get to know people in their neighborhoods they hadn’t known before. As establishing new, non-using friends is a key component of successful recovery, pet companionship can go a long way in maintaining sobriety. And the increased physical activity that comes along with it isn’t bad, either—it can help you maintain a healthy weight, keep your blood pressure in check and keep your stress levels under control.

Rehabs That Allow Dogs

Can you bring your own pet with you to substance treatment, or will the facility provide access for you? That depends. Some programs may rely exclusively on service animals that have gone through formal training and know how to interact with people from all walks of life. Others allow you to bring your own pet, or make it possible to choose either option. Here are some examples of rehabs with pet-friendly policies:

Journey Malibu recognizes the benefits of pets in treatment and encourages their clients to bring their furry friends with them, provided they’re friendly, unaggressive, and comfortable around others. They even have an animal handler on staff if clients need a sitter.

The Hills Center allows clients to bring pets into inpatient treatment and incorporates pet therapy into their addiction treatment program to help brighten the early days of recovery and ease the transition to sobriety.

White River Manor welcomes clients’ pets, and also has their own, onsite pets that help clients settle in and feel right at home, says the center’s art therapist Marlize van der Merw:

“The clients really enjoy it. (Our resident dog) Lily is so little, so fluffy and so cute. It immediately almost makes them feel at home, when they come into the studio, because it’s something familiar. She’s friendly. They will cuddle her first. We will talk about her and, therefore, they will relax a little bit more.”

Finding the Right Pet-Friendly Rehab Center

Whether you bring your own pet to treatment or form a relationship with a service animal as part of your program, pets can be incredibly expedient to your treatment progress, and make rehab a far more enjoyable experience. As AAT programs vary from center to center, the key is to find a program that best fits your unique set of needs. Search our collection to learn more about pet-friendly rehabs, and find a facility that meets your needs for top-quality care in an attractive treatment environment.

Frequently Asked Questions About Bringing Pets to Rehab

What is a pet-friendly rehab?

A pet-friendly rehab is a treatment facility that allows patients to bring their pets with them during their stay. Pets like dogs or cats provide comfort and companionship, and can aid in addiction recovery by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression.

What are the benefits of pet-assisted therapy during addiction treatment?

Studies show that pet-assisted therapy can have a positive impact on addiction recovery. Animals can help reduce stress and anxiety, increase happiness and well-being, and provide a sense of purpose and responsibility. Pets can also help strengthen the bond between the patient and their therapist, enhancing the therapeutic relationship.

What types of pets are allowed at pet-friendly rehabs?

The types of pets allowed at pet-friendly rehabs depends on the facility. While dogs and cats are most common, some rehabs may allow other types of pets, such as rabbits or birds. There may be restrictions or guidelines in place for bringing a pet to a rehab facility; check with the admissions team beforehand.

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4 Ways Art Therapy Boosts Your Addiction Recovery

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The first days at rehab can be kind of, well … awkward. You’re in a totally new environment, you’re surrounded by strangers and you’re not sure what to expect. And you have to begin the process of sorting through all the painful and confusing emotions you’ve been experiencing.

That’s where addiction-focused art therapy comes in. Far more than a hokey craft class, art therapy is a sophisticated component of addiction treatment that helps you create a safe space for self-expression, build trust with your treatment team and easily access parts of yourself that other forms of therapy can’t. And at world-class rehabs, art therapy programming is robust, comprehensive and delivered by consummate professionals who have extensive experience using art for therapeutic gain. All of which bodes very, very well for your recovery.

1. Art Therapy Is the Yin to Talk Therapy’s Yang

It’s not always easy to put a whirlwind of painful emotions into words. In fact, you may not even be consciously aware of everything you’re experiencing. Communicating visually, however, can be great for those who are having a hard time doing so verbally. And, you can access parts of your subconscious that conventional therapies like CBT don’t reach. During the creative process, things can come out that you’ve never thought of before—meaning huge breakthrough opportunities for you.

McLean Borden Art Therapy

“Art therapy works more quickly than talk therapy and a lot of healing happens. It’s exciting to watch a person be vulnerable and be safe in that. I ask questions; I don’t interpret. There is no fear of being analyzed or judged as being a terrible artist,” says one art therapist.

Art therapists provide a safe space for people in recovery to express themselves:1 they provide direction and facilitate the process between you and your art. When you make progress in the studio, you begin to reconnect with your sense of self-worth, and form connections with your counselors. This makes your entire treatment experience more effective and enjoyable.

2. Art Lets You Discover Yourself

Because it reaches down to a subconscious level, art therapy can help you uncover the root cause of your addiction. While addiction distorts reality,2 leading us to have a skewed perception of ourselves and those around us, art therapy provides a conduit for self-reflection that ultimately leads to a better, more accurate sense of self.

With each project you complete, you’ll gain a sense of accomplishment that boosts your progress both in the studio and outside of it. You’ll be able to take that newfound confidence into all other aspects of your treatment—and your life.

3. Creative Outlets Help Safeguard Against Relapse

There’s an added benefit to all that creative skill-building: you can bring it with you into recovery. A huge part of staying sober is developing healthy ways to deal with the things that used to trigger you to use substances, and creativity is an excellent way to channel uncomfortable emotions into something positive. Using the creative process as a coping mechanism gives you new insight, improves your judgment and helps you deal with stress and process trauma.

Since boredom is one of the most common addiction relapse triggers,3 it’s important to fill the time you used to spend using substances with activities you find fun and interesting. What better way to do that than by turning the skills you picked up into a new hobby?

4. Art Makes You Feel Like a Kid Again—And That’s Great for Your Recovery

Getting your hands dirty, pushing paint around a canvas and engaging your sense of wonder unlocks your inner child—a vital connection point for staying in touch with your true self. Art is proven to relieve stress4 by processing emotions and focusing your attention on the beauty around you, all of which results in a happier you! You may even discover a talent or passion you never knew you had.

For the Best Art Therapy, Go With a Luxury Rehab

Not all art therapy programs are created equal. If you’re looking for a rehab center that offers art therapy as a core component of your addiction treatment, your best bet is to go with a luxury rehab. World-class rehabs often offer much more robust specialty programming, with the staff, environment and resources necessary to create the best experience possible.

Look for a rehab that has:

Professional Art Therapists

Many art therapists at luxury rehabs hold advanced degrees in art therapy and have extensive experience using art to work through addiction, trauma and mental health disorders. The Cabin Chiang Mai’s art therapists, for example, integrate art therapy with evidence-based practices for a comprehensive, holistic approach to addiction treatment.

Dedicated Art Facilities

At a luxury rehab, you’ll have every material imaginable at your disposal: pens, pencils, pastels, crayons, paints, plaster of Paris, clay, canvas and paper in all shapes and sizes. You’re not limited in your mediums, and neither is your expression. You can work in whatever feels comfortable and right for you.

An Inspiring Setting

White River Manor art therapy
Marlize leading an art therapy session in the gardens at White River Manor in South Africa.

Premium rehabs are often set in secluded, naturally beautiful locations—and there’s nothing like connecting with serene natural beauty to let you relax into your environment and get your creative juices flowing. White River Manor’s art studio is housed in a spacious lodge with large doors open onto their 100-year-old garden, the space filled with birdsong, soothing music, aromatherapy candles and paintings, masks and other artworks done by their residents, who may even choose to paint on their walls.

“I don’t think I will be able to do this kind of work in an office environment … because the beauty of the garden actually lends itself to the process of art therapy,” says White River Manor’s art therapist, Marlize van der Merwe.

Who Benefits From Art Therapy in Rehab?

In short, everyone. Art therapy is effective in treating a plethora of behavioral issues including addiction, anxiety, depression and trauma. And no, you don’t have to be artistically inclined to reap its benefits. You only have to show up with an open mind, and see where the process takes you.

Ready to start your creative recovery journey? See our list of premium rehabs offering art therapy.

Cover photo: A scene from the art studio at McLean Borden Cottage, a luxury rehab in Maine

Frequently Asked Questions About Art Therapy in Rehab

Can art therapy treat addiction?

Yes. Art therapy allows for self-discovery and helps you access parts of your subconscious that conventional therapies might not reach. This can treat behavioral issues, like addiction.

Does art therapy work for addiction?

Yes. Art therapy helps uncover and heal root causes of addiction. While addiction distorts reality, creative self-expression is grounding and promotes self-reflection. This can lead to a more accurate sense of self.

What activities help you stay sober?

Art is a healthy way to relieve stress and process trauma. Since boredom is a common relapse trigger, finding a healthy coping mechanism like art helps you channel emotions into something positive.