Tag: Cocaine

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Kat Sorensen Journey from Chaotic Addiction to Thriving Powerhouse

The path to recovery is rarely straight. For many, it’s a winding road filled with detours, unexpected turns, and moments of profound clarity. Kat Sorensen, CEO of Laguna Shores Treatment Center, founder of Chains to Change, and content creator known as SoCalKattt, embodies this journey. With nearly a decade of sobriety, Kat’s story is a powerful testament to healing with compassion, structure, and integrity, highlighting the transformative power of community in achieving lasting recovery.

Kat’s story, shared on Recoverycast with host Brittani Baynard, offers invaluable insights into the insidious nature of addiction and the profound liberation that comes with confronting it head-on. From a high-performing tech sales executive and competitive bodybuilder battling alcohol and prescription drug addiction to a beacon of hope in the recovery community, Kat’s experiences illuminate key aspects of addiction and the recovery process.

Unraveling the Roots of Early Addiction

Kat’s journey began not in a tumultuous home, but in a stable, middle-class environment with loving parents. Yet, from a young age, a profound sense of loneliness and discomfort in her own skin shadowed her. This internal struggle became the fertile ground for addiction to take root.

Her first experience with alcohol at age 12 was a revelation. While her friends sipped, Kat “gulp[ed] as fast as [she could].” The immediate effect was a powerful sense of peace and belonging. “As soon as I started to feel this, like, it was like this piece,” she recalls. “It was like, oh my god. I’ve been waiting for this for like 10 years. Like, I have needed this for like 10 years, and I started to really feel okay in my own skin.” This early experience, coupled with a fantastical first kiss, cemented alcohol’s association with ultimate relief and desire fulfillment.

This narrative highlights a critical point: addiction often stems from an attempt to self-medicate underlying emotional pain or discomfort. Even in the absence of overt trauma, feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, or an inability to cope with intense emotions can drive individuals toward substances that offer temporary solace. Kat’s story underscores that a seemingly perfect upbringing doesn’t inoculate against these internal struggles.

The Chameleon Effect: Mastering High-Functioning Addiction

A hallmark of Kat’s early addiction was her ability to maintain a double life. As a varsity athlete who also frequented parties, she became adept at being a “chameleon,” seamlessly blending into different social circles and managing her substance use while excelling in other areas of her life. This early mastery of high-functioning addiction allowed her to rationalize and conceal the growing problem.

She learned to manage her alcohol consumption alongside her responsibilities as an athlete and student. This ability to appear functional, even successful, on the surface is a common characteristic of high-functioning addicts. It often delays intervention because the outward signs of struggle are not immediately apparent. Kat’s experience demonstrates how early in life, individuals can develop sophisticated coping mechanisms that, while allowing them to navigate daily life, simultaneously entrench their addictive behaviors. This period of her life underscores the deceptive nature of addiction – it can thrive in the shadows of apparent normalcy.

The Illusion of a “God-Shaped Hole” and the Reality of Untreated Addiction

In her late teens, Kat experienced a profound spiritual transformation. Attending church and embracing a new community, she found a sense of belonging and peace that initially mirrored the relief she sought from alcohol. She married young, eschewed drinking, and for a time, found solace in her faith. However, this period also revealed a critical insight into untreated addiction: it often manifests in other behaviors.

Kat stopped drinking in college but began running “insane” distances—10, 12, even 15 miles a day. This seemingly healthy activity became a new outlet for her unaddressed inner turmoil. As she aptly puts it, “I just transferred my addiction to that.” This phenomenon, known as cross-addiction or addiction transfer, is common in untreated individuals. If the underlying spiritual, emotional, or psychological issues driving the addiction are not addressed, the addictive energy will simply find a new outlet.

The Misconceptions of Alcoholism: Beyond Daily Drinking

When her first husband suggested she was an alcoholic, Kat dismissed it. Her understanding of alcoholism, like many, was narrow: “people imagine an alcoholic is somebody who drinks daily, someone who, um, gets DUIs. Someone who can’t hold a normal job, someone who can’t graduate from school, somebody who can’t be in a normal relationship.” She could go months without drinking, seemingly disproving his assertion.

This common misconception underscores the subtle and pervasive nature of the disease. Alcoholism isn’t solely defined by the frequency or quantity of consumption, but by the mental obsession and loss of control once drinking begins. Kat’s frustration with only having “one glass of wine” and the subsequent “mental gymnastics” she underwent to get more perfectly illustrate this point.

“That is the allergy of alcoholism is that one drink sets off the mental obsession,” Kat clarifies. This “allergy,” unlike a physical reaction to shellfish, manifests in the mind, making self-diagnosis crucial. Only the individual truly understands the compulsive thoughts and behaviors triggered by that first drink.

Explore alcohol addiction treatment options.

The Progression of the Disease: From “College Thing” to Catastrophe

After a period of sobriety, Kat returned to drinking during a sales conference, rationalizing it as a way to fit in with her new corporate environment. This return, however, was not a gentle reintroduction but a re-ignition of the “allergy.”

“That thing that has been waiting for me because my disease of alcoholism is progressive. It’s fatal. It wants me dead, but it will settle for me drunk,” Kat powerfully states. This progressive nature meant that her addiction picked up precisely where it left off, quickly escalating. What began as an innocent “open bar” soon led to blackouts, infidelity, and the breakdown of her marriage. The consequences mounted, proving that once the “allergy” is triggered, it reasserts its power, often with greater intensity.

Kat’s repeated attempts to externalize the problem—blaming her job, her marriage, even her age—are characteristic of addiction. The thought of stopping drinking was never an option, even in the face of devastating consequences.

Geographical Cures and the Persistence of the Problem

In a desperate attempt to salvage her marriage and escape the spiraling consequences of her drinking, Kat quit her job and moved to a small mountain town, believing a change of scenery would solve her problems. This concept of a “geographical cure” is a common but ultimately futile strategy in addiction.

As Kat quickly discovered, “we believed that a move would change me and within like, I don’t know, maybe the first two months of being there, I’m doing cocaine with my client.” The external change failed to address the internal struggle. Addiction isn’t about location; it’s about the individual’s relationship with substances and their underlying coping mechanisms. No matter where Kat went, her untreated addiction followed, only escalating in severity, from alcohol to cocaine and eventually Molly. This illustrates that true recovery requires an internal shift, not just an external relocation.

Lowering Standards and the Deceptive Nature of Active Addiction

As Kat’s addiction progressed, her moral compass began to spin wildly out of control. Her candid admission, “lowering my standards faster than I could violate them,” perfectly captures the destructive trajectory of active addiction. The values and boundaries she once held dear eroded, replaced by a relentless pursuit of the next high.

“The things that I said I would never do, I was doing on a daily basis,” she recounts. This includes running off to Mexico with a stranger, using drugs daily at work, and even transporting illegal substances on planes. The sheer recklessness and disregard for personal safety highlight the profound cognitive distortions that occur in active addiction. The disease’s grip becomes so strong that it overrides reason, self-preservation, and personal integrity. Kat’s ability to maintain a veneer of functionality while engaging in increasingly dangerous behaviors underscores the deceptive power of addiction.

The Necessity of Confrontation and the Power of External Intervention

Even as her life spiraled, Kat’s cunning enabled her to navigate increasingly perilous situations, from driving intoxicated to transporting drugs. She believed a move to California and a fresh start would finally be the answer. Yet, even as she unloaded her belongings, the lure of old habits presented itself.

What finally broke the cycle wasn’t self-will or another geographical cure, but the intervention of someone who forced her to slow down and confront her reality. “Someone made you slow down. Yes. Someone made you slow down. Yes. And do something I didn’t want to do,” Kat admits. This external push, often from a sponsor, therapist, or loved one, is frequently a catalyst for change. It’s a moment where the addict is no longer able to outrun or rationalize their disease and is compelled to look inward. For Kat, this meant confronting the deeply ingrained patterns of self-will and beginning the rigorous process of self-inventory.

The Role of Community and Compassion in Healing

Kat’s journey through the 12-Step program and her current role in the recovery community underscore the vital role of community, compassion, and integrity in lasting recovery. When she initially sought help, her instinct was to escape her marriage. But her sponsor, recognizing the self-will driving this decision, urged her to pause and do the hard work of inventory. This gentle yet firm guidance prevented a rash decision and initiated a deeper healing process.

Today, Kat leads Laguna Shores Treatment Center and has founded Chains to Change, an online community dedicated to recovery. These initiatives highlight her commitment to providing the same support and structure that were instrumental in her own sobriety. Recovery is not a solitary endeavor; it thrives in environments of shared experience, mutual support, and non-judgmental guidance. The ability to connect with others who understand the struggle and to give back to the recovery community is a powerful aspect of maintaining sobriety and fostering sustained well-being.

Recovery: A Continuous Journey of Small, Consistent Steps

Kat Sorensen’s story is a powerful reminder that recovery is a dynamic, lifelong process built on small, consistent steps. From the initial “24 hours at a time” to the ongoing commitment to self-reflection and community engagement, each decision contributes to a life of sobriety and fulfillment. Her transformation from a high-functioning addict to a compassionate leader in the recovery field demonstrates that even from the darkest places, healing and transformation are possible.

Recovery.com is a valuable resource for anyone seeking mental health or addiction treatment options. You can filter by location, price, insurance coverage, therapy type, mental health condition, levels of care, and more, making it easier to find the right support for anyone, anywhere.

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Roger’s Road to Recovery: 7+ Ways Hope Can Overpower Addiction

On this episode of the Giving Voice to Addiction Podcast, we sit down with Roger, a man who has not only navigated the treacherous waters of addiction but has emerged with a profound message of hope and resilience. Roger’s story is a testament to the human spirit’s capacity to overcome immense challenges, offering invaluable insights for anyone struggling with addiction or supporting a loved one through it.

1. The Overpowering Force of Hope: A Counter to Addiction’s Grip

Addiction often feels like an insurmountable force, an overpowering entity that leaves individuals feeling trapped and hopeless. However, Roger’s journey reveals a crucial truth: hope can be an even more potent force. For those entrenched in the depths of addiction, the very concept of hope can seem elusive, a forgotten dream. Yet, Roger, having lived through decades of active addiction and trauma, emphasizes its transformative power. He states, “It’s possible. It’s possible to find hope, and it’s possible that that hope can overpower everything that tries to stop us, and we can move towards the life that we’re trying to have.“

This isn’t a naive optimism but a hard-won conviction born from personal experience. Roger understands that addiction often leads to a sense of undeserving suffering, a belief that one is inherently flawed and destined for failure. He candidly shares his own past struggles with mental health and suicidal ideation, revealing that he once believed, “My addiction, my poor mental health, my time messing around with suicide. It’s a lie. I’m worth something. And for a long time I didn’t think I was.” This realization, that one’s worth is not diminished by addiction, is a cornerstone of true recovery.

The idea of standing “a millimeter taller” than one’s pain is a powerful metaphor Roger uses to illustrate the incremental victories in recovery. It signifies that even the smallest shift in perspective or effort can create a foothold, a spark of possibility that can ignite a larger transformation. This resonates deeply with the understanding that recovery is not a single event but a continuous process of small, deliberate steps.

2. Unpacking a Lifetime of Trauma and Addiction

Roger’s narrative is a stark reminder that addiction rarely exists in a vacuum. His story begins at a tender age, with his mother’s incarceration due to mental health issues when he was just four, followed by her subsequent homelessness. This early exposure to instability and profound loss laid a fertile ground for trauma. He began using drugs at 12, a rapid escalation from marijuana to speed, acid, and cocaine within a year. For Roger, drugs were initially a form of self-medication, a perceived source of comfort and safety in a chaotic world. He describes them as “my mother and my father all at the same time. It was comfort, nature, nurture. It was an escape. It was warm, especially when I started shooting heroin. It was warm, felt good. It was safe until it tried to kill me.“

The allure of drug dealing, though dangerous, provided a perverse sense of purpose and engagement that was otherwise lacking. This highlights how addiction can fulfill unmet needs, even in destructive ways. However, this illusion of safety and purpose eventually shattered. The constant threat of violence, including having a gun to his head multiple times, coupled with a cocaine overdose, signaled a turning point. The realization that his lifestyle was not only endangering himself but also his innocent family members became a powerful motivator for change. “Now I’m putting other people at risk,” he recalls, a clear indication that his addiction’s reach extended far beyond himself.

The journey to discontinue drug use was not immediate but a five-year “de-escalation,” starting with breaking free from the needle and gradually tapering off harder substances. This gradual process underscores that recovery is often a marathon, not a sprint, requiring sustained effort and commitment.

3. The Power of a Vision: Turning Point to Recovery

One of the most profound catalysts for Roger’s initial sobriety was a vivid dream of his own funeral, where he witnessed the devastation it wrought on his father and sister. This dream, coupled with a subsequent “day vision,” solidified his resolve to change. “I had a dream and the dream was my funeral. Then I looked around the funeral scene and I saw my dad and my middle sister, who I’m very close with, and they were just wrecked.” This powerful emotional experience transcended his love for being high, offering a clear and devastating consequence of continuing his path. It shifted his motivation from self-preservation to protecting those he loved.

This deeply personal turning point illustrates that while external pressures can play a role, true and lasting change often stems from an internal shift in values and priorities. Roger’s decision was not driven by a desire to simply stop using, but by a profound realization of the impact his addiction had on his loved ones.

After finally quitting drugs, Roger channeled his addictive tendencies into a new, healthier pursuit: professional mountain biking. While this brought its own set of challenges, including head injuries, it was a significantly less destructive path than his previous drug use. This demonstrates the concept of addiction transfer, where individuals in recovery might replace one addictive behavior with another. While not ideal, it can sometimes be a stepping stone towards healthier coping mechanisms, provided it doesn’t lead to equally destructive outcomes.

4. The Continuous Journey: Sobriety, Clean Time, and Recovery

Roger’s commitment to his recovery is evident in his meticulous counting of clean time: “36 years, one month, and four days.” This unwavering awareness of his sobriety date is not a burden but a source of strength, a tangible representation of his dedication. He explains, “I have to count the days. The days give me strength if I let myself go, I’d be dead tonight because if I’m gonna give up that time, I’m going all the way.” This highlights the ever-present temptation for those in recovery and the importance of recognizing the significant investment made in staying clean.

However, Roger’s journey also includes a relapse with alcohol after his first divorce, underscoring that recovery is not a linear path. Despite being clean from drugs for 15 years, the emotional devastation of his divorce led him to heavy alcohol use, consuming a fifth of tequila daily and later two to three bottles of wine. This period of alcohol abuse lasted five years. His experience demonstrates that past sobriety from one substance doesn’t grant immunity from addiction to others, especially during periods of intense emotional distress.

His eventual cessation of alcohol came after a work trip in Spain where he drank himself unconscious and missed a flight, followed by his second wife being hospitalized for alcohol poisoning. This dual crisis, coupled with the realization of the impact on their three young children, spurred him and his wife to quit drinking together. This collective decision highlights the power of shared commitment and accountability in recovery, especially when children are involved. Roger now differentiates between his “clean” time from drugs and his “sober” time from alcohol, emphasizing that true recovery encompasses addressing all addictive behaviors and underlying issues. He states, “I’m 14 years sober. 14 years, and 21 days, April 17th. So I count that too.”

5. Beyond Abstinence: The Essence of True Recovery

For Roger, being “clean” and “sober” is distinct from being “in recovery.” His past experience with suicidal ideation, even years after achieving drug sobriety, revealed that abstinence alone isn’t enough. He discovered that his suicidal thoughts were a side effect of antidepressant medication, emphasizing the complex interplay between mental health and substance use. Roger’s current recovery hinges on a structured life built on connection, engagement, and introspection. Living in a cabin in the woods without internet, cell service, or TV forces him to actively seek human connection. He elaborates, “I need structure. I need engagement. I need connection… I have to consciously get outta the house every day, or it puts me in trouble. But that connection is key for me and facing my truth.“

This active pursuit of connection and self-awareness through journaling, writing, and maintaining relationships with friends and family is central to his ongoing well-being. He also finds purpose in mentoring others, understanding that helping others strengthens his own resolve. This highlights the altruistic nature of recovery, where sharing one’s experience can create a virtuous cycle of support.

6. Understanding Addiction from the Family’s Perspective

Addiction’s ripple effect extends far beyond the individual, deeply impacting families who often grapple with immense pain, confusion, and a desperate desire to help. Roger offers crucial insights for families struggling to understand their loved one’s addiction. He emphasizes that judgmental attitudes towards behavior miss the underlying suffering. “For many people there is a mental health component that goes along with substance abuse. And more than anything, I think as a people, as humanity, we’re quick to judge the behavior. The behavior is the person people think. It’s not that person’s in trouble. That person’s hurting.“

This distinction between the person and their behavior is fundamental to fostering empathy and effective support. Roger advises families to “love the person no matter what” while simultaneously establishing healthy boundaries. He acknowledges the fine line between tough love and enabling, urging understanding that individuals, even in addiction, are often doing what they believe is best, however misguided it may seem.

Roger asserts that genuine change must come from within: “If we want to go to rehab, we have to want to go to rehab. If we want to quit, we have to want to quit.” This speaks to the limitations of external pressure and the necessity of internal motivation. His personal experience of his mother’s homelessness serves as a poignant example of how societal judgment can dehumanize individuals struggling with addiction and mental illness, reminding us that “that’s somebody’s mother. That’s somebody’s sister. That’s somebody’s kid.”

7. The Role of Support and the Evolution of Treatment

While Roger’s journey was largely self-directed due to the limited resources available at the time, he acknowledges the critical role support plays. He recalls how two close friends intervened when he was desperate to quit the needle, physically preventing him from using and offering unwavering support. “I just told ’em, this is my life and this is how I’m gonna die. I was crying and they said, well, we’re gonna help you.” This demonstrates the profound impact of genuine care and intervention when an individual is ready to receive it. His move to Colorado, away from the triggers of Baltimore, also provided a crucial “break” from his active addiction.

Roger’s early attempt to seek professional help was met with a devastating response: “What’s your insurance? I don’t have any. And they’re like, sorry, we can’t help you.” This highlights the significant barriers to treatment that existed in the past, particularly for those without financial means. It underscores the vital progress made in the addiction treatment landscape, with increased access to resources like harm reduction strategies, needle exchange programs, and a greater emphasis on integrated care for co-occurring mental health disorders. While Roger didn’t attend his first 12-Step meeting until six years ago, he now recognizes their immense value: “They are helpful ’cause it’s a community that you don’t find elsewhere. You need people that can accept you as you are.”

8. Roger’s Enduring Message of Possibility

Roger’s ultimate message is one of unwavering hope and the boundless possibilities of change. He implores anyone struggling to believe in the potential for a different future: “It is possible. It’s possible for something else. It’s possible for change. Change is actually a given.” He challenges the ingrained cynicism and self-deprecating labels that often accompany addiction, such as “loser, low life piece of shit, junky, alcoholic, dropout.” Roger powerfully asserts, “No matter our worst behavior, we’re more than that. We can be anything we wanna be. We can start over every single morning.”

His call to action is simple yet profound: “Just get started. Try to try start there.” This emphasis on taking the first, often daunting, step resonates with anyone facing a significant challenge. Roger’s journey from a childhood marred by trauma and a devastating 13-year drug addiction to a life of profound purpose and continuous recovery is a powerful testament to the fact that even in the darkest moments, possibility exists.

Roger’s story is a beacon of hope for countless individuals. It underscores that recovery is a complex, non-linear journey often intertwined with trauma and mental health challenges. Yet, with internal motivation, external support, and an unwavering belief in the possibility of change, individuals can not only overcome addiction but also build lives of purpose and profound meaning. His message is a powerful reminder that “you’re beautiful. I love you, and you can do it. I know it. Absolutely know it. ‘Cause it is possible.”

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Understanding Stimulant Addiction: Misha’s 7 Ways to Reclaim Your Life and Health

The journey to recovery from stimulant addiction is often fraught with challenges, yet it offers an unparalleled opportunity for profound personal transformation. For many, the insidious grip of stimulants begins subtly, weaving itself into the fabric of daily life until it becomes an undeniable and destructive force. The story of Misha, who began using stimulants at 15 and entered treatment at 17, is a poignant illustration of this trajectory. His experience highlights the normalization of suffering, the illusion of control, and the eventual realization that a life dictated by addiction is no life at all.

This article delves into the complexities of stimulant addiction, exploring the signs, the impact on physical and mental health, and the crucial steps towards lasting recovery. Drawing insights from Misha’s personal journey, we will shed light on the vital role of connection, self-awareness, and the unwavering belief that a better life is not only possible but within reach.

1. The Deceptive Normalization of Suffering

One of the most insidious aspects of stimulant addiction is its ability to warp an individual’s perception of “normal.” As Misha recounts, “I think one thing that became the normal for me was always feeling bad. I mean, whether it was emotionally guilty or physically bad, like you wouldn’t sleep, I wouldn’t eat.” This constant state of discomfort, sleeplessness, and poor nutrition becomes the accepted baseline, obscuring the true toll the addiction is taking. The body’s natural rhythms are disrupted, leading to a cascade of negative health consequences.

The psychological burden is equally heavy. The constant cycle of using, experiencing a fleeting high, and then crashing into a state of depletion and guilt creates a vicious loop. Misha’s observation that admitting the harm meant “admitting obviously, that I had a problem and something had to change and worse, that I didn’t have control over myself or what I was doing wasn’t manageable” underscores the powerful role of denial in perpetuating addiction. Breaking free from this normalized suffering requires a profound shift in perspective and a courageous willingness to confront the reality of the situation.

Finding Treatment for Prescription Stimulant Addiction article.

2. The Tipping Point: Recognizing the Need for Change

For many individuals struggling with addiction, the decision to seek help is not a singular, instantaneous event but rather a gradual process, often triggered by external pressures or a sudden moment of clarity. In Misha’s case, legal trouble initially propelled him into treatment. However, as he wisely points out, “being sent somewhere is completely different from choosing to go there, especially as an addict.” True recovery begins when the individual internalizes the need for change and actively chooses the path of healing.

Misha’s “aha!” moment occurred when confronted with a seemingly innocuous Adderall prescription. His mind, no longer clouded by immediate desire, began to play out the inevitable consequences: the lies, the sleepless nights, the physical discomfort, all for “20 minutes of pleasure.” This vivid mental rehearsal, culminating in the realization that he had been “sabotaging myself,” marked his personal tipping point. It’s a testament to the power of self-awareness and the ability to connect actions with their long-term repercussions.

This internal shift is crucial because it moves beyond mere compliance and into genuine commitment. It’s at this juncture that individuals begin to understand that the perceived “benefits” of substance use are dwarfed by the accumulating negative consequences. The fleeting high gives way to persistent suffering, and the illusion of control shatters under the weight of unmanageability. The transition from being told to get help to deciding to get help is a fundamental step in the recovery journey.

3. The Power of Connection: Letting Others In

Addiction thrives in isolation. The shame, guilt, and secrecy associated with substance abuse often lead individuals to erect walls, pushing away those who care about them. For Misha, a significant breakthrough in his recovery was learning to “let people in.” He describes his initial resistance: “I was so set on not being told what to do or not feeling like anyone was in control of me or in charge of me, um, even to my detriment.” This desire for absolute autonomy, while understandable, ultimately served as a barrier to healing.

In recovery, connection is not merely beneficial; it is foundational. Whether through structured treatment programs, support groups like Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous, or therapy, the process of sharing one’s experiences and vulnerabilities with others creates a powerful sense of belonging and understanding. As Misha notes, “When you’re in a treatment program or in meetings or anything like that, the biggest part of it is your connection with other people and talking and allowing people to understand you and allowing yourself to be understood and to understand others.” This reciprocal exchange dismantles the isolating effects of addiction.

Allowing oneself to be vulnerable and to trust others—even when the instinct is to keep walls up—is a challenging but profoundly rewarding step. Misha’s realization that “I was worthy or could be cared about by someone that wasn’t necessarily related to me” speaks to the transformative power of genuine connection. It provides a safe space where individuals can be heard without judgment, receive support, and learn from the experiences of others who have walked a similar path.

4. Embracing the Journey: There Is No Top to the Mountain

Recovery is not a destination but an ongoing process of growth and self-discovery. A profound lesson Misha learned, a phrase commonly used in recovery meetings, is “there is no top to the mountain.” This metaphor beautifully encapsulates the idea that progress is continuous, and there’s always room for further development and improved well-being. It also highlights the importance of embracing all emotions, both good and bad, rather than seeking to escape them.

Addiction often serves as a coping mechanism, a way to numb uncomfortable feelings or avoid difficult realities. Misha acknowledges this, stating, “It was so easy to hide behind substance. Have this wall of well, I know I’ll feel this way if I take this. And that’s predictable, and that’s less scary than not knowing how I’ll feel if I have nothing to hide behind.” The perceived predictability of substance-induced states, even if negative, can feel safer than the unpredictable landscape of raw human emotion.

However, true healing involves dismantling this wall and allowing oneself to experience the full spectrum of life. “There’s such a depth to life and existence, whether for good or for bad, that if you allow yourself to feel those things, things can get so much better.” This willingness to experience discomfort, to sit with difficult emotions without resorting to substances, is a cornerstone of lasting recovery. It’s a risk, as Misha notes, to “experience things in a sober way,” but it is “definitely worth it.” This continuous journey of self-exploration and emotional engagement leads to a richer, more authentic life.

5. The Sweet Rewards: A Life Transformed

Life in recovery, while not without its challenges, offers a profound sense of liberation and a richness that was unattainable during active addiction. One of the most significant changes Misha highlights is the “depth to the happiness that I feel that is so much better, uh, than when I was using stimulants.” This genuine, unadulterated joy is a stark contrast to the fleeting, chemically induced highs of addiction. Beyond emotional well-being, the physical benefits are undeniable: “I can sleep and I can eat, and I don’t feel like my skin’s too tight all the time.” These basic human comforts, once sacrificed to addiction, become cherished aspects of a healthy life.

Perhaps the most impactful transformation is in the realm of relationships. Addiction often creates a web of lies and deceit, straining connections with loved ones. Misha describes the immense relief of being able to have “meaningful relationships with people, especially my family and people that I’m close to that aren’t built on this kind of web of lies.” The burden of secrecy is lifted, allowing for honesty, trust, and authentic connection to flourish. This renewed ability to engage in healthy, honest relationships is a powerful motivator for continued recovery.

6. Holding On: Advice for Those in the Midst of Struggle

For those currently grappling with the depths of addiction or depression, Misha’s advice is clear and compassionate: “Just keep going. It is so awful. And in the worst parts of addiction or depression it can feel like, well, there is, I felt everything there is to feel, there’s no way this could get better.” This feeling of hopelessness is a common trap, a narrative spun by the addiction itself.

Misha urges individuals to challenge this destructive internal voice: “You just have to ignore that part of you that’s telling you that there’s no point trying or that you’re stupid for trying, or you might as well give up. Um, ’cause it’s not true. That’s your addiction. That’s, that’s, that’s not you talking.” This crucial distinction between the authentic self and the manipulative voice of addiction is empowering.

The path to recovery is walked one step at a time, sometimes even one minute at a time. Whether it’s “getting outta bed or just not doing drugs for 30 minutes,” each small victory contributes to forward momentum. The message is one of unwavering hope: “I promise there is an end, there’s another side to this bridge. Um, and it is so, so much better, but it is so hard to get there.” This acknowledges the difficulty but emphasizes the ultimate reward. Finding something to believe in, whether it’s a person, a higher power, or the inherent human capacity for healing, can provide the necessary strength to persevere.

7. Taking the Leap: For Those on the Fence

The decision to embark on a recovery journey can be daunting, often leaving individuals “on the fence.” Misha offers a powerful reframe: if you’re on the fence, “you are not actually on the fence, you’ve already decided that you do wanna start recovering. It’s just scary to admit that or even begin those steps.” This perspective suggests that the internal contemplation itself is an indication of a readiness for change, even if fear holds one back.

When daily life is compromised by substance use—affecting health, relationships, or work—to the point of unmanageability, it’s a clear signal that something needs to change. Misha uses the proverb, “The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. And the second best time is today.” This timeless wisdom emphasizes that there’s no perfect moment to begin, only the present. There’s no need for elaborate preparations or practice; the journey can start now.

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Tanya’s Path to Drug and Alcohol Recovery: 5+ Steps to Reclaiming Your Life

 

Addiction is a complex journey, often misunderstood as solely a struggle with substances. However, as one individual’s powerful story reveals, the path to recovery is often a multifaceted healing process from deeper wounds. Tanya, a guest on the Giving Voice to Addiction Podcast by Recovery.com, shares her remarkable journey, highlighting that recovery is frequently about addressing underlying issues like grief, loss, abandonment, and trauma. Her experience underscores a vital truth: addiction is a symptom, and true healing involves confronting the root causes.

1. Recognizing the True Nature of Addiction

Tanya’s story begins with an early exposure to alcohol in a home where drinking was normalized. By the age of 11, she experienced intoxication, and at 14, she discovered cannabis, which provided a feeling of solace and belonging she desperately sought. Unlike alcohol, which she associated with her mother’s struggles, cannabis became her preferred escape. This early attachment to substances wasn’t seen as a problem, but rather a coping mechanism for a turbulent childhood marked by abandonment and instability.

For Tanya, drug use was a “reasonable reaction to the life you were living and ways of managing it versus a problem.” This sentiment resonates with many who turn to substances to cope with overwhelming emotions or difficult circumstances. It highlights a critical aspect of addiction: it often serves as a maladaptive coping strategy. Recognizing this distinction—that the substance use is a symptom rather than the sole issue—is a crucial first step in understanding and addressing addiction comprehensively.

2. Unmasking the Illusion of Control

A common thread in addiction narratives is the belief in one’s ability to control substance use, even in the face of escalating negative consequences. Tanya, despite periods of sobriety and academic success, found herself repeatedly returning to drugs. Her intravenous drug use at 17, followed by her brother’s suicide and an abusive relationship, pushed her to a desperate point where she sought to use enough to not wake up. Yet, even after this harrowing experience and facing multiple felony charges, she maintained the illusion of control.

“I still was convinced that I was in, I was in control that I can stop.” This persistent denial is a hallmark of addiction. The brain’s chemistry is altered, making it incredibly difficult to simply stop, despite intentions or external pressures. The belief that one can stop at will often delays seeking professional help, perpetuating the cycle of use. Tanya’s realization that her “brain was hijacked” and she wasn’t truly in control marked a significant shift in her perspective.

3. Embracing the Power of Community and Connection

For many years, Tanya felt isolated in her struggles, believing no one understood her experience. This sense of being alone is a common barrier to recovery. However, a turning point came when she was mandated to treatment and discovered recovery communities like Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous.

“I didn’t even know there was like a whole like community of people in recovery. I felt so alone. I felt really like no one understood. And I went to my first meeting and it was a speaker meeting and it was like that gentleman was telling my story up there.”

This realization that others shared similar experiences provided a profound sense of belonging and hope. Building a “community of support” became a foundational element of Tanya’s long-term recovery. A co-host of the podcast, points out, “The opposite of addiction is connection.” This connection can be found in various forms: mutual support groups, outpatient programs, therapy groups, or through peer support specialists. These communities offer a safe space for sharing, understanding, and mutual encouragement, combating the isolation that often fuels addiction.

4. The Role of Trauma Therapy in Healing

While community support and addressing substance use are vital, Tanya emphasizes the transformative impact of trauma therapy. She began trauma therapy while pregnant with her daughter, a period when she still struggled with active addiction. This concurrent focus on healing past wounds alongside addressing substance use proved to be a powerful combination.

“I’d also started trauma therapy when I was pregnant with my daughter… I think by far that has been the, the biggest contributor to who I am as a person today, as the work that I’ve done in that space.”

Many individuals turn to substances as a way to self-medicate unresolved trauma. Addressing these underlying traumatic experiences through therapy can dismantle the very foundation of addictive behaviors. Trauma-informed care recognizes the profound impact of past experiences on current coping mechanisms and provides strategies for healthy emotional processing and resilience building. This holistic approach is often crucial for sustainable recovery, as it tackles the root causes of distress that might otherwise lead to relapse.

5. Resilience, Perseverance, and Self-Love

Tanya’s journey was not linear. Despite her initial period of sobriety, she experienced a relapse six and a half years into her recovery, triggered by the belief that she could control alcohol. This experience, though painful, ultimately deepened her commitment to sobriety and led her back to residential treatment. It highlights that recovery is a continuous process, and setbacks, while challenging, can also be opportunities for growth and renewed dedication.

Today, Tanya celebrates over 11 years of long-term recovery from all substances. She has built a life filled with “profound and deep and meaningful and loyal and trustworthy” relationships. She has established her first truly “safe space” in her home and dedicates her professional life to supporting others on their recovery journeys as a clinical substance use counselor—a dream she held since childhood.

Her story is a testament to the power of “hard work, perseverance, courage, bravery, accountability.” For those in the depths of despair, Tanya offers a message of profound hope: “You matter. You are enough, you are lovable despite what you are doing because that is just it, it’s actions. It’s not who you are.” This message of self-love and inherent worth is often lost in the grips of addiction but is fundamental to reclaiming one’s life.

6. Inspiring Hope and Reducing Stigma

Tanya’s willingness to share her story publicly contributes significantly to reducing the stigma associated with addiction and recovery. By “recovering out loud and proud,” she helps to illuminate the commonalities in human struggles and foster a more compassionate understanding of addiction.

“I think the stigma is reducing. We still have a long ways to go, but I think the more that we recover out loud and proud and talk about, you know, our struggles and bring more stuff into the light and out of the darkness, um, the more healed communities that we do have, because we will see that we have many more similarities than we do differences.”

Her journey exemplifies that recovery is not just about abstaining from substances but about profound personal transformation and building a life of meaning and purpose. By sharing these stories, individuals like Tanya offer a beacon of hope, demonstrating that even from the darkest places, a remarkable life is possible.

Finding Your Path to Recovery

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, remember that hope is within reach.

Recovery.com: Offers a comprehensive directory of treatment centers and resources.

Recovery is a deeply personal journey, but you don’t have to walk it alone. As Tanya’s story powerfully illustrates, with resilience, support, and a commitment to healing, a life of profound joy and self-love is not just a dream, but a tangible reality.

What step will you take today to begin or continue your journey towards recovery and a more fulfilling life?

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Kristina Padilla’s Path to Owning Their Recovery Story

Kristina Padilla, an indigenous queer leader and fierce advocate for recovery, mental health, and the LGBTQIA2+ communities, shares their powerful journey on Recoverycast. Their story is one of resilience, identity, and ultimately, the freedom that comes from fully owning one’s narrative. This is a story of overcoming addiction, gang involvement, and abuse to find a path of leadership and helping others.

Early Exposure and the Search for Belonging

Kristina’s early life was marked by exposure to alcohol and a search for belonging that led them down a dangerous path. “All I know is he would come pick me up and in between his legs he’d have his Coors beer,” Kristina recalls, describing their father’s alcoholism. This early exposure, coupled with their parents’ busy work lives, left Kristina feeling bored and seeking connection elsewhere. “Nobody had any time for a little Kristina, and so little Kristina found belonging in gangs, found belonging in drugs.”

This search for belonging led to early experimentation with drugs. At 14, Kristina was introduced to cocaine and then crank, which quickly took hold. “It was there for me whenever I needed it,” they explain, highlighting the allure of drugs as a substitute for the connection they craved.

Gang Involvement and a Double Life

Kristina’s involvement with gangs started at a young age. This involvement wasn’t just about drugs; it was about finding a place to belong. “I was excited because not only was it being introduced to me, but it was like part of the gangs were introduced, and this was just like, wow, this is interesting,” Kristina says.

The gang life became a significant part of their identity, leading to a double life. While their family worked hard, Kristina was drawn to the streets, engaging in risky and dangerous behavior. This period was marked by a constant search for something that felt missing, a void that drugs and gang affiliation temporarily filled.

The Turning Points: Overdose and Abuse

Kristina’s journey to recovery wasn’t a straight line. It was marked by two significant turning points. The first was an overdose, a stark wake-up call that, while initially didn’t lead to immediate change, planted a seed. The second, and more decisive, turning point came from an abusive relationship. “She stabs me with a screwdriver,” Kristina recounts, describing the violence they endured. This moment of intense physical and emotional pain served as a catalyst for change.

A Mother’s Unwavering Support

Throughout Kristina’s struggles, their mother remained a constant source of support. Even during the darkest times, their mother’s love and determination to help shone through. After the violent incident, Kristina finally reached a breaking point. “I woke up the next day and I said, you know what, mom, if you take me right now, I’ll go. You gotta take me right now.” This plea marked a turning point, and their mother acted immediately.

This unconditional love played a crucial role in Kristina’s journey. Despite the pain and frustration, their mother never gave up hope, providing the support needed to finally seek help.

Entering Treatment and Facing the Past

Entering treatment was a daunting step. Still under the influence, Kristina faced the reality of their addiction and the long road to recovery. This highlights the challenges of early recovery, including the physical and emotional toll of detoxing.

Treatment provided a space for Kristina to confront their past, including the trauma of sexual abuse and the cycle of violence they had been trapped in. It was a time of immense vulnerability and a crucial step towards healing.

Finding Strength in Recovery

Recovery wasn’t just about abstaining from drugs; it was about reclaiming their life and finding a new identity. Kristina’s story is a testament to the transformative power of recovery. They went from leading a gang to becoming a leader in their community, using their experiences to help others.

Kristina’s journey highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for change in individuals who have been written off by society. They are now using their skills and experiences in a positive way, demonstrating that recovery is possible and that past mistakes don’t define a person’s future.

From Gang Leader to Community Leader

Kristina’s story is one of transformation. They channeled the leadership skills they developed in the gang into a force for good. “Basically, I was already a business development rep,” Kristina reflects, recognizing how their past experiences, even the negative ones, contributed to their current abilities.

This transition from gang leader to community leader demonstrates the power of recovery and the potential for individuals to redirect their lives in meaningful ways. It’s a message of hope and a challenge to societal stigmas surrounding addiction and recovery.

The Importance of Seeing Transformation

Kristina powerfully addresses the often narrow and stigmatized view of addiction. “I think a lot of times people look at addicts and alcoholics and any other kind of addiction, you know, they think about somebody with heroin needles in their arms. Or when it could be medical doctors that are popping pills. Mm-hmm. And nobody’s seen that.” This quote challenges the common stereotypes and highlights the diverse faces of addiction, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the humanity and potential for recovery in everyone.

Unconditional Love and a New Path

Kristina’s story is a powerful reminder of the importance of unconditional love and support in the recovery process. Their mother’s unwavering belief in them, even during the darkest times, played a crucial role in their journey.

This narrative underscores the transformative power of human connection and the potential for individuals to find a new path, even after years of struggle. Kristina’s story is a beacon of hope, demonstrating that recovery is possible and that a brighter future awaits those who seek it.

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Finding Your Punchline: Comedian Andrew Barr’s 10 Insights on Addiction and Recovery

In the world of comedy, timing is everything. But what happens when life throws you a curveball that’s no laughing matter? On a recent episode of Recovery Cast, hosts Brittani Baynard and Tom Farley sat down with the incredibly funny Andrew Barr, a Canadian stand-up comedian, to explore his journey through addiction and into recovery.

His story, filled with sharp wit and raw honesty, offers profound insights into the insidious nature of substance use, the pivotal moments that lead to change, and the challenging yet rewarding path to sobriety. Get ready for an unexpected and deeply human conversation that goes beyond the punchlines.

1. The Gradual Descent: Understanding the Progression of Addiction

Andrew’s experience mirrors the reality for many struggling with substance use: it rarely begins with a dramatic plunge. For him, heavy drinking started around the same time he began his comedy career at 18, a seemingly natural accompaniment to the bar scene. However, this casual drinking gradually escalated, eventually leading to the use of MDMA, psychedelics, and, by his early twenties, cocaine. This slow and steady increase is a hallmark of addiction, making it difficult for individuals to recognize the danger until it’s deeply entrenched.

Yeah, I think it’s just the nature of the disease…They call it a progressive disease. It gets worse over time and it changes you ever so slowly, which I think is kind of its insidious nature. Like the change happens so slowly that you feel the same day to day, but you are just changing a little bit and a little bit and a little bit and it doesn’t seem like much.

This gradual shift can be attributed to several factors. The body develops tolerance, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect. Psychologically, reliance on substances as a coping mechanism strengthens over time. Furthermore, as Andrew points out, the environment can play a significant role, especially in professions where substance use is normalized or even encouraged.

2. Numbing the Pain: Addiction as a Maladaptive Coping Mechanism

For Andrew, like many others, substances became a way to manage or, as he aptly put it, “murder” emotions. The comedy world, while offering an outlet for expression, can also be high-pressure and emotionally taxing. Alcohol and drugs provided a temporary escape from underlying feelings, creating a dangerous cycle of avoidance.

And yeah, I think they’re good at managing emotions or just straight up murdering them. Yes. Just numbing them out completely so that you don’t have to deal with them at all.

While substances offer immediate relief, they ultimately hinder the development of healthy coping skills. Instead of addressing the root causes of emotional distress, individuals become increasingly reliant on external substances, leading to a deterioration of mental health and overall well-being. Learning healthy coping mechanisms for stress, anxiety, and other difficult emotions is a crucial aspect of long-term recovery.

3. The Influence of Environment and Normative Behavior

The environment in which an individual operates can significantly impact their substance use. For Andrew, the comedy scene, often centered around bars and late-night shows, created a culture where drinking was the norm. This made it easier to rationalize his own increasing consumption, as his behavior seemed to align with those around him.

Yeah, it also combined with if that’s what everyone’s doing, if that’s the normative behavior, you know, the fact that you might be the worst, yeah, doesn’t resonate with you because, but this is what everyone’s doing on this spectrum of people, but everyone’s doing like you’re going too far. You’re like, I’m doing what you’re doing.

This phenomenon highlights the power of social norms and peer influence on substance use. When problematic behavior is normalized within a group, it can be challenging for individuals to recognize the need for change.

4. Hitting Rock Bottom: The Turning Point

For Andrew, the turning point wasn’t a singular dramatic event but rather a series of interventions by concerned friends. These interventions, both “soft” and “hard,” served as a wake-up call, forcing him to confront the reality of his escalating substance use and its impact on his life and career.

I was intervened upon, I got sat down twice and I saw neither of them coming, which to this day annoys me.

These interventions, while uncomfortable and stressful for everyone involved, ultimately provided the necessary catalyst for Andrew to consider seeking help. Recognizing the concern and pain of loved ones can be a powerful motivator for change in individuals struggling with addiction.

5. The Fork in the Road: Choosing Treatment

Faced with the stark reality presented by his friends, Andrew agreed to consider rehab. However, the initial shock of the cost – a staggering $25,000 – triggered an immediate resistance. This reaction highlights a significant barrier to treatment for many individuals: the financial burden.

I was like, okay, you know, I guess like I can go to rehab. Immediately my brain is like, okay, we’re not doing that. I’ll figure out a cheaper way. I’m just like, where do you think $25,000 is coming from? And then they’re like, well, we talked to your parents, and I was like, you talked to my parents!?

The involvement of his parents and their willingness to help ultimately paved the way for Andrew to access treatment. This underscores the crucial role that family support can play in the recovery process. Exploring different treatment options and understanding the associated costs is an important step for individuals seeking help.

Explore centers treating cocaine and alcohol addiction.

6. Navigating the World of Rehab: Finding the Right Fit

Andrew’s experience of researching rehab facilities highlights the diverse range of options available, from luxurious centers with amenities like equine therapy to more basic, bare-bones programs.

Ultimately, Andrew and his family opted for a more affordable program, which, despite its lack of extravagant amenities, provided the essential support and guidance he needed. His positive experience emphasizes that the quality of staff and the individual’s commitment to recovery are often more critical than the fanciness of the facility.

7. The Science of Sobriety: Rewiring the Brain

During his time in rehab, Andrew gained valuable insights into the neurological impact of his substance use. He learned about the potential formation of “neuro links” between alcohol and cocaine, where the consumption of one triggers cravings for the other. This understanding provided a scientific basis for the need to abstain from alcohol, at least in the initial stages of recovery.

One thing they explained to me in rehab… basically I think when you use alcohol and cocaine together frequently over a long period of time, it forms like a neural link in your brain. Or anytime you have alcohol, you will also crave cocaine.

Furthermore, the concept of drugs and alcohol as “mind-altering substances” took on a deeper meaning. Andrew realized that prolonged and consistent substance use literally changes the brain, leading to a disconnect from one’s authentic self. This realization was a powerful motivator for him to embrace sobriety and reclaim his true identity.

8. Embracing Feelings: Beyond Humor as a Coping Mechanism

For Andrew, humor had long served as a primary coping mechanism, a way to navigate and often deflect difficult emotions. Sobriety meant confronting feelings he had long suppressed, a process that was initially challenging and unfamiliar.

Learning to identify, understand, and process emotions in a healthy way is a crucial aspect of emotional regulation in recovery. Therapy, support groups, and mindfulness practices can help individuals develop these essential skills.

9. Facing Fear and Vulnerability in Sobriety

One of the significant emotions Andrew had masked with humor and substances was fear. Sobriety stripped away these defenses, forcing him to confront underlying anxieties, including the fear of not fulfilling his potential.

What’s very comfortable about drinking and using drugs is it’s also an excuse for not fulfilling your full potential…Now I have no reason not to be achieving, which is super scary.

This vulnerability, while initially uncomfortable, ultimately opened the door to genuine self-discovery and growth. Facing fears without the crutch of substances allows individuals to build resilience and develop a stronger sense of self-efficacy.

10. Returning to the Stage: Performing Sober

For a comedian whose career was intertwined with the bar scene, the prospect of performing sober was daunting. Andrew had rarely, if ever, taken the stage without at least a couple of drinks. He worried about his ability to be funny without the perceived “booze muse” and the judgment of his peers.

The idea of performing sober was super stressful. I don’t know if I had ever really done it since high school. Like I always had at least one or two beers in me. And the thing is, as I was, especially for a long time, I was reasonably functional as an addict. Like my career was progressing. I was writing good jokes. Things weren’t going badly.

His decision to be open about his sobriety with his colleagues and the supportive response he received created a safety net and reinforced his commitment to recovery. He soon discovered that his comedic talent wasn’t dependent on substances; in fact, he felt even better and funnier sober.

I feel better on stage than I ever have. Some of the funniest writing that I’ve done, if not the funniest writing has happened since then.

Andrew Barr’s story is a testament to the fact that recovery is possible, even amidst the challenges and temptations of a demanding career. His willingness to share his journey with humor and vulnerability offers hope and valuable insights for anyone struggling with addiction or supporting a loved one through the process. Remember, you are not alone, and healing often begins with sharing your story.

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Crack Cocaine Use and Addiction: Effects, Risks, and Treatment Options

The intense high of crack cocaine can make it seem appealing at first, but this powerful stimulant is one of the most addictive drugs available. Whether you’re worried about your own crack cocaine use or concerned about someone else, understanding its effects—and knowing where to find help—could save a life.

What Is Crack Cocaine?

How Crack Cocaine Differs From Powder Cocaine 

Both crack and powder cocaine come from coca plants grown in South America, but crack is processed differently. The powder form of cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride) is chemically altered to create crystalline rocks that can be smoked. This difference in chemical structure makes crack cocaine especially dangerous.

When crack is smoked, it reaches your brain almost immediately, causing a brief but very intense high. Its fast effects, followed by a severe crash, make people more likely to use it again quickly—meaning its addiction risk is even higher than that of powdered cocaine. 

Crack is typically more accessible than cocaine,1 which makes it easier to develop a habit. “It is abused because it produces an immediate high and because it is easy and inexpensive to produce—rendering it readily available and affordable,” says the National Drug Intelligence Center. 

Signs and Symptoms of Crack Addiction

Recognizing the signs of crack cocaine addiction early can make a key difference in getting help—and the behavioral, physical, and psychological changes it causes are often hard to ignore.

Behavioral Indicators 

Crack cocaine causes noticeable changes in someone’s behavior—often things that close friends or family spot pretty quickly. Someone who’s using crack might start skipping work or school, distancing themselves from their friends and family, or losing interest in their usual hobbies and activities. It’s also common for people struggling with crack addiction to frequently ask to borrow money or even sell their belongings to fund their drug use. These behavioral shifts tend to happen fast, even compared to other substances, which makes them especially concerning.

Physical Signs 

The physical effects of crack cocaine can also be dramatic and become noticeable rather quickly. People using crack often experience significant weight loss as the drug suppresses their appetite and disrupts their normal eating patterns. They might stay awake for long periods, followed by crashes where they sleep for extended times. Other visible signs often include:

  • Dilated pupils 
  • Burnt or blistered lips and fingers from smoking
  • Rapid tooth decay (often called “crack mouth”)

Learn why sleep hygiene is such an important part of recovery in our article on sleep and nutrition for mental health.

Psychological Effects 

Crack cocaine’s impact on mental health can be intense and scary. While the initial high might feel euphoric, it’s often followed by anxiety, paranoia, and agitation. Some people who regularly use crack experience drug-induced psychosis, which involves symptoms like losing touch with reality and extreme paranoia. Even without these episodes, most people experience depression, irritability, and overwhelming cravings when the high wears off.2

Immediate Effects of Crack Use

Euphoria and Energy 

The high from crack cocaine hits fast and hard—within seconds of smoking crack, people often feel a rush of euphoria and energy that makes them feel hyperalert or like they’re invincible. But these effects fade quickly—usually within 5–10 minutes—leaving an equally intense crash in their wake. This rollercoaster of extreme highs gives people to use again right away. And as this pattern repeats, they get stuck in an increasingly dangerous cycle.

Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure 

Even a single use of crack cocaine puts enormous stress on your heart.3 The drug causes blood vessels to constrict while dramatically increasing heart rate and blood pressure. This dangerous combination can trigger heart attacks or strokes even in young, otherwise healthy people. Some people report feeling their heart racing or pounding when they use crack, along with chest pain. These effects can be scary, but because of the overwhelming nature of drug addiction, they’re often not enough to make someone stop using. 

Long-Term Effects of Crack Use

Health Risks

Over time, crack takes a serious toll on your body. Smoking crack causes lung damage4 by irritating your airways, which can cause chronic bronchitis, persistent coughing, or even lung infections. It also weakens your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off sickness and infection. And because crack use sometimes involves risky behaviors like sharing pipes or needles, there’s a higher chance of contracting infectious diseases like hepatitis C5 or HIV.

Cognitive Impairment

Using crack cocaine regularly can significantly impair your cognitive functioning. Long-term cocaine use makes it harder to remember things, make decisions, and focus on tasks. Many people find that planning or solving problems becomes a struggle, which affects everything from work to personal relationships. Research shows that crack alters the brain’s structure,6 especially in areas that control impulses and emotions. While some of these changes improve as you maintain sobriety over time, others are longer-lasting, especially after heavy use.

Emotional Instability

Crack use takes a huge emotional toll on people who unfortunately get stuck in cycles of addiction. People who use crack often find their moods severely destabilized, with emotional swings ranging from euphoria to deep despair. Irritability and paranoia are common, and some individuals may develop aggressive tendencies. Over time, the drug disrupts your brain’s natural reward system, making it hard to feel pleasure, joy, or contentment without it. For many people, this leads to severe anxiety and depression, which makes it even harder to break out of their addiction. 

Potential for Overdose

Signs of Overdose

A crack overdose is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Common signs include: 

  • Extreme agitation
  • Elevated heart rate
  • Erratic or irregular heartbeat
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Profuse sweating
  • Chest pain

In severe cases, they might lose consciousness or have a seizure. Overdose can lead to heart attacks, strokes, or sudden death, even in people without preexisting health conditions.

Immediate Actions to Take

If you suspect someone is overdosing on crack cocaine, act quickly. Call emergency services immediately and provide as much information as possible about their condition and what they took. While waiting for help to arrive, try to keep the person calm and in a safe position, such as lying on their side, to prevent choking. If you’re trained in first aid, be prepared to perform CPR if their breathing or heartbeat stops. Avoid leaving them alone, as their condition can deteriorate rapidly.

Treatment Options for Crack Addiction

Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder typically involves a combination of detox, therapy, and structured rehab programs that address both the physical and emotional aspects of addiction.

Detox Programs

The first step in treatment for crack addiction is usually detox. This process allows your body to clear out the drug while managing withdrawal symptoms, which can include intense cravings, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. In medically supervised detox programs, addiction-specialized healthcare professionals monitor your safety, provide medications to ease the discomfort of withdrawal symptoms, and maintain a substance-free environment that increases your chances of successfully getting through the withdrawal stage. Some residential rehabs offer medically supervised detox on-site; others can provide referrals to reputable detox centers and help you transition into addiction treatment after you complete detox. 

Remember that while detox is important, it’s just the beginning—long-term recovery requires comprehensive care and ongoing support.

Learn more about life after rehab in our article on continuing care.

Behavioral Therapy

Behavioral therapies are effective tools for overcoming crack addiction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), for example, can help you change the thought patterns and triggers that make you want to use crack. Contingency management uses positive reinforcement, like small rewards, to help you stay sober and reach your recovery goals. Motivational interviewing uses interviewing techniques to uncover your personal goals and values, helping you stay motivated and committed to your recovery.  

These therapies are most effective when they’re tailored to meet your unique needs and combined with other forms of support.

Rehab Facilities

Rehabilitation facilities provide structured environments where people can focus entirely on their recovery. Residential rehab programs provide round-the-clock care that usually includes a combination of individual and group therapy, support groups, and holistic or experiential therapies to complement your core treatment program. Outpatient rehabs are more flexible, allowing patients to attend therapy sessions while maintaining work or family commitments. Both types of programs typically include relapse prevention planning and aftercare to support long-term recovery. This can include ongoing therapy, peer support groups, and building your sober community to support your recovery after you return home.

Taking Steps Toward Recovery From Crack Addiction

Recognizing the risks and long-term consequences of crack cocaine use is the first step toward getting sober. If you’re struggling with crack addiction, the most effective path toward lasting recovery is to get professional support. Recovery is challenging, but entirely achievable—and the right support can make all the difference. Search for crack cocaine rehab options that fit your criteria and reach out to their admissions staff to start your journey toward the best version of you. 

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How Long Does Cocaine Stay in Your System?

Cocaine typically stays in your system for a few days, but factors like your dosage, frequency of use, and testing method affect how long it can be detected. While the high of cocaine might only last a few hours, its effects on your body continue long after the immediate effects wear off. 

Whether you’re concerned about drug testing, your health, or making changes in your life, understanding how cocaine affects your body can help you make more informed decisions. We’ll explore how your body processes cocaine, what factors affect how long it stays in your system, and what you should know about different types of drug tests.

Understanding Cocaine Detection Windows

When cocaine enters your body, it’s primarily processed by your liver, which breaks it down into substances called metabolites. The main metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), stays in your system much longer than cocaine itself. While cocaine’s effects typically last 1-2 hours, its metabolites can be detected for days or even months, depending on the type of test used.

So, how long does cocaine stay in your system for a drug test? How long cocaine can be detected1 depends on several factors and what’s being tested for:

  • Cocaine itself is only detectable for about 1-5 hours.
  • BE (cocaine’s main metabolite) is typically detectable for 2-4 days.
  • For regular users, detection times may be longer.
  • The test type also matters: hair tests can detect use from months ago, while urine tests show more recent use.

Cocaine Metabolism and Elimination

As it enters your body, cocaine quickly breaks down into different substances called metabolites.1 This process happens mainly in your liver, which transforms cocaine in 2 main ways:

  • About 45% becomes benzoylecgonine (BE), the main substance that drug tests look for
  • About 40% converts to ecgonine methyl ester (EME), which is non-toxic
  • The remaining amount breaks down into other substances

Your body processes cocaine quickly—the drug’s effects usually peak within 15-30 minutes and wear off within a few hours. However, your liver needs much more time to break down all the cocaine metabolites. During this process, some metabolites get stored in various tissues throughout your body before being gradually eliminated.

While the high of cocaine wears off within a few hours, BE stays in your system much longer. And in some ways, it can actually have stronger effects than cocaine itself. For example, BE is a stronger blood vessel constrictor than cocaine, and it can cause seizures that happen after the initial effects of cocaine wear off. This helps explain why some people experience effects from cocaine use even after they come down.

Understanding Drug Tests for Cocaine

Drug tests for cocaine usually consist of 2 steps.2 First, there’s an initial screening test that looks for evidence of drug use. A second confirmatory test is done to verify the results if this test is positive. This 2-step process helps ensure accuracy. 

Most drug tests look for benzoylecgonine rather than cocaine itself. That’s because BE stays in your system much longer than cocaine; it’s more stable and easier to detect, and it provides a more reliable indicator of cocaine use.

Why Cocaine Metabolites are Tested in Urine

Urine tests are the most common type of drug test—they’re non-invasive, cost-effective, and can detect use for a longer period than blood or saliva tests. Urine testing is also especially effective because your body eliminates benzoylecgonine primarily through urine.

Urine tests typically look for BE rather than cocaine itself. There’s a good reason for this: while cocaine itself leaves your system relatively quickly, BE has a unique chemical structure that makes it stay in your body much longer—often for several days. This longer detection window makes metabolite testing a more reliable way to detect cocaine use.3 It’s why BE has become the standard marker for cocaine use in drug screenings, including pre-employment tests.

Understanding Test Results 

Test results aren’t always straightforward. Some common medications can cause false positive results, for example. A negative result doesn’t always mean cocaine isn’t present—sometimes, levels are just too low to detect. That’s why confirmatory testing is important.

Your testing provider will consider these factors when interpreting your results. It’s important to let them know if you’re taking any medications, as this can affect your test.

Detecting Cocaine in the Body

Different drug tests can detect cocaine use across different time periods. Here’s what you should know about the most common testing methods:

Urine Testing

How long does cocaine stay in urine?

Urine tests look for benzoylecgonine, which is typically detectable in urine for several days or more:4

  • Occasional users: 1-4 days after last use
  • Regular users: Up to 7 days
  • Heavy or chronic users: Up to 2 weeks

Blood Testing

Blood tests are usually used in medical or legal situations to check for recent cocaine use. Cocaine has a pretty short detection window in blood.

  • Cocaine: 12-48 hours
  • Cocaine metabolites: Up to 4 days 

These tests are more likely to be used in emergency medical situations or when someone needs to determine the exact timing of use.

Saliva Testing

Saliva tests for cocaine5 are becoming more common, especially for workplace or roadside testing. They can detect cocaine for about 1-2 days after use. These tests are less invasive than blood tests and can be performed on-site, but they have a shorter detection window than urine tests.

Hair Testing

When you take cocaine, it enters your hair through different routes. It first appears in hair about 6-8 hours after use, initially through sweat. After 1-2 weeks, about two-thirds of the drug becomes detectable as your hair grows. Unlike urine tests that detect use from the past few days or blood tests that show very recent use, hair tests can show cocaine use6 from months or even years ago. 

Hair tests usually use hair from the back of your head because this hair grows most consistently. Before testing begins, the hair must be carefully cleaned to remove any external contamination. They mainly look for:

  • Cocaine itself
  • Cocaethylene (a substance that forms when you use cocaine and alcohol together)
  • Other metabolites like benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, and norcocaine

Hair testing isn’t useful for detecting very recent cocaine use—it’s better for understanding patterns of use over longer periods.

Factors Affecting Cocaine Detection Times

How long cocaine can be detected7 depends on several factors:

Dosage 

The amount of cocaine you use directly affects how long it stays detectable in your system. Higher doses take longer for your body to process and eliminate because your liver needs more time to break down higher concentrations of cocaine. This means detection windows may extend by several days for heavy users. Larger amounts of cocaine can be detected for longer periods, across all testing methods.

Frequency of Use 

How often you use cocaine has a substantial impact on detection times. Cocaine and its metabolites can build up in your body over time. This means regular users often test positive for longer than occasional users. Chronic use can extend detection windows by weeks, or even months in some cases. If you use cocaine frequently, your body may take longer to eliminate the drug completely.

Combination With Other Substances 

Using cocaine with alcohol or other substances can significantly change how your body processes the drug. When cocaine and alcohol mix, your liver creates a substance called cocaethylene. 

Cocaethylene can be detected on drug tests. It stays in your system longer than cocaine alone, as it takes longer to eliminate. The combination of alcohol and cocaine has a synergistic effect that further increases your health risks.

Hydration and Physical Activity 

While staying hydrated and exercising are important for overall health, they have a limited impact on how quickly cocaine leaves your system. Despite common myths, drinking extra water won’t significantly speed up elimination, and exercise might temporarily increase cocaine metabolites in your urine.

Your liver processes cocaine at its own rate, regardless of physical activity. The best approach to allowing your body to eliminate cocaine is to maintain normal hydration and activity levels.

Individual Metabolism and Body Composition 

Your personal characteristics affect how quickly your body processes cocaine. Faster metabolisms, for example, may eliminate it more quickly. Your body composition affects how cocaine is stored and processed, and your overall health can impact your body’s ability to rid itself of toxins. Age, gender, and other factors all contribute to processing time.

Can You Speed Up Cocaine Elimination? 

Many people who need to undergo a drug test are interested in ways to speed up cocaine elimination, but it’s important to understand what works and what doesn’t.

Myths vs. Facts on “Flushing” Cocaine 

Despite what you might have heard, there’s no reliable way to flush cocaine from your system quickly:

The Body’s Natural Elimination Process 

The only reliable way to eliminate cocaine from your system is to give your body time to process it naturally. Stay hydrated, get adequate rest to support your body’s natural processes, and eat balanced meals to maintain your health. At the end of the day, you’ll need to allow your liver time to do its job.

Risks Associated With Cocaine Use 

Understanding the dangers of cocaine use can help you make informed decisions about your health.

Short-Term Health Risks 

Immediate effects of cocaine use9 include:

  • Dangerously elevated heart rate and blood pressure
  • Increased risk of heart attack or stroke
  • Severe anxiety or panic attacks
  • Risk of overdose, which can be life-threatening
  • Irregular heart rhythm
  • Hyperthermia (dangerous increase in body temperature)

Long-Term Health Impacts 

Regular cocaine use can cause serious health problems:9

  • Cardiovascular damage
  • Respiratory issues
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Mental health challenges including depression and anxiety
  • Kidney and liver damage
  • Increased risk of infections

Recognizing Signs of Cocaine Dependence 

It’s extremely important to recognize when your cocaine use has become problematic. Warning signs include:

  • Needing more cocaine to get the same effect (tolerance)
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using
  • Having strong cravings
  • Continuing to use despite negative consequences
  • Struggling to cut down or stop using

If you notice these signs in yourself or someone else, know that help is available and recovery is possible.

Ready to Make a Change? Treatment Can Help

Understanding how long cocaine stays in your system is important, but it’s just one part of the bigger picture. While detection times vary based on many factors, the most important thing to remember is that cocaine use carries significant risks to your mental and physical health. If you’re concerned about your cocaine use, there are compassionate professionals ready to help you explore your options for treatment and support. Search for a cocaine addiction treatment center and contact their admissions team to get started on your journey toward a healthy, cocaine-free life today.

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Cocaine Use and Addiction: Signs, Effects, and Health Risks

Cocaine is an extremely well-known stimulant drug, notorious for its high addiction potential and harmful effects on physical and mental health. But despite its reputation, many people don’t fully understand how quickly it can lead to addiction—or the broad range of consequences it can cause. 

We’ll help you understand how cocaine works on your body and brain, the dangers of prolonged (and even short-term) use, and the warning signs of addiction. We’ll also discuss treatment options and harm reduction strategies to support you if you’re struggling with cocaine addiction.

What Is Cocaine?

Cocaine as a Stimulant Drug

Cocaine is a strong stimulant that comes from the coca plant,1 native to South America. While indigenous people of the Americas use coca leaves for medicinal purposes, refined cocaine is much more potent—and dangerous. Cocaine use swept the U.S. in the ‘70s, followed by the crack epidemic of the ‘80s. Stimulants like cocaine remain some of the most widely abused substances2 to this day. 

Cocaine works by speeding up the central nervous system, giving people a rush of energy, alertness, and euphoria. But it also has a high risk of addiction. Because of its strong effects, it quickly takes over the brain’s reward system, making those who use it almost instantaneously want to do so again, often in increasing amounts. Addiction can develop quickly—sometimes even after just a few uses—so it’s crucial to learn to spot the early signs of abuse and get help right away.

Forms of Cocaine and Methods of Use

Cocaine usually comes in 2 main forms: powder (often called coke or blow) and rock (known as crack). Powdered cocaine is typically snorted, though some people inject it after dissolving it in water. Crack cocaine is smoked. Smoking crack leads to a faster and more intense high than snorting, which also makes it more addictive. 

The way someone uses cocaine can affect the risks and health problems that result. Injecting cocaine, for example, increases the chances of contracting bloodborne diseases like HIV or hepatitis. Smoking crack can cause lung damage3 and breathing issues.

Is Cocaine Addictive? 

Yes, cocaine is a highly addictive drug. Its immediate, intense effects create feelings of high energy, alertness, confidence, and euphoria. But over time, your brain gets used to the presence of cocaine and becomes less sensitive to natural dopamine, making it harder to feel happy when you’re not using drugs. This eventually leads to cravings and compulsive use, which is what we call cocaine addiction (or cocaine use disorder).

Cocaine’s extremely addictive nature4 might be due partly to the fact that repeated use increases a genetic factor called ΔFosB, which may prompt more compulsive behavior: 

Chronic administration of cocaine has recently been shown to increase ΔFosB in several additional brain regions, such as the frontal cortex and amygdala…the presence of ΔFosB in the frontal cortex may contribute to the loss of frontal cortex control over cocaine urges that is seen in addiction.

Addiction to cocaine can happen very quickly, even after using cocaine for just a short time. That’s why it’s so important to spot the signs early and get professional help if you can’t quit on your own.

How Cocaine Affects the Body and Brain

Immediate Effects on the Brain

When you use cocaine, it triggers a huge surge of dopamine, a chemical in the brain that makes you feel good and gives you a sense of reward. Normally, dopamine is released when we do things we enjoy, like eating or hanging out with friends, and then it gets recycled back into the brain. But cocaine blocks that recycling process, causing a buildup of dopamine that causes the intense high and feeling of alertness it’s known for.

But the catch is, this high doesn’t last long. Once the effects wear off, people usually crash—they feel tired and irritable, and they crave more cocaine. This rollercoaster of highs and lows propels repeated use and heightens the risk of addiction.

Short-Term Physical and Mental Effects

Right after using cocaine, people often feel a rush of energy. Some may even feel overly confident or invincible, which is often what leads to high-risk behavior. Cocaine has other physical effects6 that can be pretty intense:

  • Hyperalertness
  • Racing heart 
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Dilated pupils 
  • Sensory sensitivity
  • Insomnia 
  • Loss of appetite 

As the high fades, things take a turn. You might start feeling confused, anxious, restless, or paranoid. The more often or heavily you use cocaine, the more pronounced these effects become over time.

Long-Term Effects on Brain Chemistry and Function

Using cocaine over a longer period of time can significantly change how your brain works. It lowers your brain’s ability to feel pleasure naturally, so things that used to make you happy—like your hobbies or spending time with friends—don’t feel quite the same. For many people, this eventually leads to depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders, and can even develop into more severe mental health issues like paranoia or psychosis.

A large body of research shows that long-term cocaine use affects brain functions7 like executive function and working memory, citing “significant differences between cocaine users and non-drug-using controls in brain structures, blood-oxygen-level dependent signals, and brain metabolism.”

Cocaine affects how well you can focus, remember things, control your impulses, and make decisions. 

Signs and Symptoms of Cocaine Addiction

Recognizing the signs of cocaine addiction and intervening early is important for avoiding the damaging impacts cocaine can have on your health and your life. These symptoms can be physical, behavioral, or psychological.

Physical Indicators

List of physical signs that may indicate cocaine addiction, such as weight loss, frequent nosebleeds, dilated pupils, and tremors.

Physical signs of cocaine addiction may include:

  • Rapid weight loss
  • Frequent nosebleeds (from snorting)
  • Dilated pupils
  • Tremors or muscle twitches
  • Track marks (from injecting)
  • Chronic respiratory issues (from smoking)

Behavioral Changes

Cocaine addiction often causes noticeable behavioral changes:

  • Increased secrecy and isolation
  • Neglecting responsibilities at work or home
  • Risky behaviors like unprotected sex or reckless driving
  • Erratic mood swings, including bouts of irritability or aggression
  • Financial difficulties due to the high cost of maintaining the addiction

Psychological Symptoms

Psychologically, cocaine addiction can result in:

  • Anxiety and restlessness
  • Paranoia or hallucinations
  • Aggressive or violent behavior
  • Depression, particularly during withdrawal periods
  • Suicidal thoughts or ideation

Dangers of Cocaine Use

Long-Term Health Complications

Using cocaine for a long time can lead to some serious health problems, including:

  • Heart issues:8 Cocaine puts a lot of stress on your heart, raising the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure.
  • Lung damage: Smoking crack cocaine can harm your lungs, causing infections, a chronic cough, and in some cases, a collapsed lung.
  • Brain problems: Over time, cocaine impairs your brain’s working abilities, causing memory loss, trouble thinking clearly, and problems with movement and coordination.

Impact on Mental Health

Cocaine’s effect on mental health can be equally devastating. Many long-term users struggle with mood disorders like anxiety and depression, and some may develop a condition known as cocaine-induced psychosis,9 which is similar to the symptoms of acute paranoid schizophrenia.

Cocaine use is also associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior,10 especially in periods of withdrawal or after long-term use.

If you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts, help is available. Contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 or text HELLO to 741741 for free, confidential support. You don’t have to go through this alone—reach out now.

Cocaine Overdose Risks

Cocaine overdose is a life-threatening medical emergency. Signs of overdose include:

  • Rapid heart rate or heart attack
  • Stroke or seizure
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Extreme agitation or hallucinations
  • High body temperature
  • Loss of consciousness

In the event of a suspected overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Cocaine overdoses can cause sudden death, particularly when combined with other substances like alcohol or opioids.

Treatment Options for Cocaine Addiction

Behavioral Therapies

Treatment for cocaine addiction11 often starts with therapies that help change the thoughts and behaviors that drive drug use. Two common and effective approaches include:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): This type of therapy helps you recognize and shift negative thought patterns that lead to substance use.
  • Contingency management (CM): In this approach, you receive rewards for staying drug-free, encouraging positive behavior changes and helping you stay motivated.

Medication-Assisted Treatments

Currently, there aren’t any FDA-approved medications specifically for treating cocaine addiction like there are for opioid and alcohol addiction. However, researchers are working on potential treatments that might help manage cravings and ease cocaine withdrawal symptoms in the future.

Importance of Aftercare

Aftercare is a huge part of staying on track in your recovery from cocaine addiction. It usually includes a combination of practices, like living in a sober environment after rehab, attending continuing therapy, and support groups (such as Narcotics Anonymous). Learning relapse prevention strategies—like healthy coping skills for dealing with challenges—is also essential to helping you stay sober in the long run.

Learn more about continuing care and how to set yourself up for success in lifelong recovery.

Harm-Reduction Strategies

Overview of Harm Reduction

Harm reduction is all about making drug use safer, even if you’re not ready to quit yet. The idea is to reduce the risks and adverse effects of cocaine use, understanding that not everyone can stop right away. This approach focuses on safety and minimizing harm, rather than immediate and total abstinence as the only path to getting better.

Practical Approaches to Minimize Risks

Some ways to reduce the risks of cocaine use include:

  • Safe consumption spaces: Supervised places where people can use drugs with medical staff available to step in if something goes wrong, like an overdose
  • Needle exchange programs: These provide clean syringes for people who inject drugs, helping prevent the spread of infections like HIV and hepatitis.
  • Drug testing kits: These kits let people test their drugs for dangerous substances, like fentanyl, which can help prevent accidental overdoses.

Recovery From Cocaine Addiction

Recovery from cocaine addiction isn’t just about abstinence—it’s about reclaiming your life and rediscovering joy, purpose, and connection. While the journey may at times seem daunting, it’s important to remember that there’s joy in healing, too! People recover, and you can too. 

Search for cocaine addiction treatment programs that meet your unique needs, and reach out to a support specialist today.

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How to Use Naloxone: What Is Narcan and Where to Find It

If someone is overdosing, immediately call 911 or local emergency services.

Narcan, or naloxone, is used to reverse opioid overdose. Opioids, such as heroin, opium, morphine, codeine, and fentanyl, can be legal prescription medications or illegal substances. 

Overdose occurs when an opioid’s depressant effects on the central nervous system cause life-threatening reactions. Narcan reverses an overdose by binding to the same brain receptors as opioids, thereby blocking the opioids from attaching to the receptors. This helps restore normal breathing and consciousness.

Narcan is usually administered through a nasal spray, and it can also be injected.

When to Use Narcan

It’s possible for opioid users to accidentally ingest too much at once and overdose. Other substances like MDMA can be cut with opioids, such as fentanyl, to lower production costs. If someone is displaying the signs of overdose, even if they didn’t knowingly take an opioid, you can still administer narcan—narcan won’t harm someone who didn’t ingest opioids1.

Overdoses usually include respiratory failure, where breathing becomes slow, shallow, or even stops completely. Other signs of overdose1 include:

  • Unconsciousness 
  • Very small pupils
  • Vomiting
  • Inability to speak
  • Faint heartbeat
  • Limp arms and legs
  • Pale skin
  • Purple lips and fingernails

Without immediate medical intervention, an opioid overdose can be fatal. In addition to using narcan in the event of an overdose, immediately call 911 or local emergency services.

Until emergency services arrive, you can help someone who’s overdosing2 by assisting them to sit or lay down in an open space. You can administer CPR if you are qualified, and if their skin is blue, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Additionally, use Narcan.

How to Administer Narcan

The American Medical Association created instructions showing how to administer Narcan3. You can also watch in video format:

If you are using NARCAN nasal spray, follow these steps:

  1. Peel back the package and remove the device. Put your thumb on the bottom of the plunger and two fingers on the nozzle.
  2. Place and hold the tip of the nozzle in either nostril until your fingers touch the bottom of the patient’s nose.
  3. Press the plunger firmly to release the dose into the patient’s nose.

Tip: When administering a nasal spray, help the patient gently tip their chin upward. This helps open their airways so the spray can better reach the bloodstream.

If you are using EVZIO auto-injector, follow these steps:

  1. Pull the auto-injector from the outer case.
  2. Firmly pull off the red safety guard; do not touch the black base (this is where the needle comes out).
  3. Place the black end of the auto-injector against the outer thigh, through clothing if necessary.
  4. Press firmly and hold in place for 5 seconds. (There will be a distinct “hiss” and “click” sound when working properly. The needle will not be visible after use.)

If you are using yellow cap nasal spray, follow these steps:

  1. Pry off the syringe’s yellow caps (both sides).
  2. Pry off the purple cap on the naloxone capsule. 
  3. Grip the clear plastic wings on the spray nozzle.
  4. Thread the spray nozzle on the syringe.
  5. Gently screw the naloxone capsule into the barrel of the syringe.  
  6. Insert white spray nozzle into the patient’s nostril. Give a short, firm push on the end of the naloxone capsule to spray.
  7. Administer half of the capsule into each nostril.

If you are using an intramuscular syringe needle, follow these steps:

  1. Inject 1 cc of naloxone straight into a muscle, such as the thigh, outer side of the glute, and shoulder.

Administer another dose of Narcan if the patient doesn’t respond/wake up after 2-3 minutes.

Where to Find Narcan

Fortunately, Narcan is becoming more widely available. You can purchase Narcan over the counter in many pharmacies. Local health clinics and community health centers may offer naloxone training and distribution. 

You can also order it online from websites like Narcan.com4. Some states will even send it to you for free—search “free Narcan _(your state or city)_” to find an organization.

How to Care for Someone After You Give Narcan

After you administer Narcan to someone, stay with the person. Emergency services should already be dialed and on their way, but don’t leave the person’s side until medical professionals assist them.

If the person is not breathing or has a weak pulse, continue with CPR if you are trained to do so. Otherwise, ensure the person is lying comfortably on their side with their airways clear to avoid choking on vomit. Once medical professionals arrive, discuss all relevant details to the overdose and what you have done to assist the person (including the type of Narcan you administered and how many doses).

How to Become Trained to Administer Narcan

You can become a trained Narcan administrator through online courses or in-person events. Websites such as Overdose Lifeline5, The Center for Disease Control6, End Overdose7, and American Red Cross8 provide virtual training. You can typically become certified in an hour or less.

Sometimes, you can receive training in person at harm reduction events. Some states may have a map showing where you can get trained, such as Colorado’s End Overdose page9.

However, even if you are not Narcan trained, you can and should still use it to save someone’s life.