Tag: Depression

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What is Hangover Anxiety?: Why Drinking Causes ‘Hangxiety’

Hangover anxiety, or hangxiety, isn’t a diagnosis, but rather how you feel after a night of drinking alcohol. A hangover has physical symptoms like nausea and a headache, but you can have mental effects as well.

Drinking responsibly likely won’t lead to these negative feelings; however, if you’re consistently drinking a lot and feeling hangover anxiety, then it may be time to look for help. Getting treatment for alcohol addiction can help you get a handle on your drinking, so you don’t have to wake up with worry the next morning. 

Hangover Anxiety or ‘Hangxiety’

75% of those who get a hangover have some impairment in their normal functioning1, like difficulty concentrating. On top of that, roughly 22% of drinkers also experience psychological effects like anxiety and depression after a night out. This is what we call hangxiety.

What Does Hangover Anxiety Feel Like?

When you start drinking, alcohol drives a surge of endorphins in the brain2, which feels good at first. Then, after this rush, there’s a decrease in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) which leads to a form of withdrawal. This is what we commonly refer to as a hangover.

This withdrawal affects you physically and mentally, including provoking anxiety and depression symptoms. Hangover anxiety can look different for everyone, but these are some common symptoms:

  • Restlessness
  • Anxiousness
  • Ruminating on yesterday’s events
  • Heart racing
  • Feeling guilt
  • Difficulty concentrating

What Causes Hangover Anxiety?

After your endorphins drop, your brain can quite literally feel exhausted the next day. Your body uses a lot of energy trying to maintain homeostasis after being affected by the alcohol. And cortisol, the stress hormone, releases after drinking3, making you feel even more anxious. 

These factors can also exacerbate hangnxiety symptoms:

1. Social Anxiety

You might use alcohol as a “social lubricant” if you experience social anxiety. This can cause you to drink more than you should. Though for those few intoxicated hours you may feel less anxious, these feelings return as the alcohol wears off. And if you have a hangover from excessive alcohol consumption, your anxiety can skyrocket. Alcohol will enhance whatever emotional state you’re in, so if you’re anxious, it’s going to come back in full swing.

2. Water intake

Alcohol is a diuretic, so drinking it makes you dehydrated. This can contribute to hangover anxiety because low water intake, which happens while drinking, is associated with detrimental effects on mood4. The more hydrated you are, the better chance you have of being in a good mood.

3. Sleep

Alcohol causes poor sleep quality5 because it messes with your rapid eye movement (REM) cycle. This, in turn, negatively affects your mood because getting proper sleep is vital for good mood and functioning. 

4. Emotional dysregulation

Emotional dysregulation is a common symptom in disorders like anxiety and depression. It’s also associated with intense cravings, higher alcohol consumption, and is commonly experienced during hangovers6. Lowered emotional competence during a hangover can lead to negative mood and thoughts, or, what you may feel during hangxiety. This can also contribute to regretful drinking behaviors.

5. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT)

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is negative thought patterns that are recurring, unproductive, and common in disorders like anxiety and depression. It’s also a part of emotional dysregulation. These patterns of thinking are associated with prolonged negative emotional states6, so this can exacerbate symptoms when you experience hangover anxiety. 

How to Cope with Hangxiety

The best way to avoid hangxiety is to avoid drinking, especially in excess. Doctors recommend drinking a minimal amount of alcohol because excessive alcohol consumption can lead to various health problems such as liver damage, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.

However, if you do decide to drink, there are a number of ways you can cope with your hangover anxiety and make this experience manageable:

However, drinking responsibly, or being abstinent, can help you avoid these feelings all together.  

How to Have Fun Without Alcohol

Life can be just as fun, if not better, without alcohol. You’ll feel healthier and more energized, which can help you do more outdoor activities like hiking or kayaking. You’ll also save a lot of money from not buying drinks, which you can spend on new experiences like travel or exploring the area you live in.

You can also talk with your therapist and dig into the real reasons why you’re drinking alcohol. Why are you having this drink? And why do you feel like you need to drink so much? This can reveal deeper issues that you can work through together. 

When to Seek Professional Help for Your Drinking and Anxiety

Taking a step back and assessing the role that alcohol plays in your life, especially if you have pre-existing anxiety or depression, is crucial. If you’re using alcohol as a crutch, and as a coping mechanism to suppress difficult feelings, then it may be time to reach out for help.

Mental Health Treatment Options

Alcohol is a depressant, so it can aggravate your existing conditions. If you drink to escape your anxiety or depression, treating the root cause of your disorder can help mediate this issue.

Attending an outpatient program can teach you skills to help you replace your drinking with healthy coping techniques. You’ll explore how drinking has been a way to hide from uncomfortable feelings, and then you’ll learn how to face those hard emotions. You’ll likely practice different talk therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to learn new positive ways of thinking. 

Virtual treatment for anxiety and depression can be a great way to learn these tools with more flexibility. You can prioritize healing and see how it fits into your life.

Alcohol Addiction Treatment Options

Detox with a licensed professional may be the first step in your sobriety journey. Safely ridding your body of alcohol can help you feel clear minded and ready to tackle treatment. Different levels of residential or outpatient care can help you replace your unhealthy coping mechanism, drinking, with positive habits.

A great option post-treatment is sober living homes. These programs are less structured than residential rehab, and provide a comfortable place for you to focus on your recovery. While living here, you’ll likely attend an outpatient program, go to work or school, and grow with other companions in recovery. 

Life Without Worry in the Morning

Drinking socially and safely is perfectly acceptable, but if heavy drinking and hangxiety is a normal thing that you’re getting addicted to as a coping mechanism, then it’s time to get help. Life can feel so much more fulfilling without hiding behind alcohol. Embrace your true self and find freedom through rehabs for alcohol addiction.

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Sober Women of History

Sober women have contributed to the recovery movement in America since it first began. Their early contributions helped make the recovery space more accessible and acceptable for women. 

Women also advocated for gender-specific treatment, support groups, and 12-Step meetings. Their work is still felt around the world today. Some rehabs cater to just women, too. 

Women in Recovery Who Made a Difference

Each and every woman in recovery makes a difference. Women who challenged the stigma of addiction and recovery early on paved the way for continued advocacy, fresh recovery programs, and support. 

Betty Ford (1918-2011)

Former First Lady Betty Ford left a large mark on the addiction treatment scene and the stigma surrounding it. After a battle with opioid and alcohol addictions, an intervention, and treatment, Betty realized she was in a unique position to make a difference. 

First Lady Betty Ford helped create her own treatment center, the Betty Ford Center, designed to help both men and women find recovery. Betty Ford Centers have since expanded across America. 

The Betty Ford organization merged with the Hazelden Foundation in 2014. Hazelden pioneered the Minnesota-model of treatment1, which focuses on 12-Step treatment. Their merge broadened the impact of Betty’s first decision to make her addiction known and use her notoriety to help others.

Jean Kirkpatrick, Ph.D (1923-2000)

Jean Kirkpatrick, sociologist, formed Women for Sobriety in 1975. She attended 12-Step AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) meetings throughout her recovery process. After finding a need for women-focused treatment, she created a solution herself: Women for Sobriety2. 

Women for Sobriety groups meet across America now. Dr. Kirkpatrick’s history of repeated relapses, research, and life-long determination brought a gift to the world many women continue to enjoy. 

Elizabeth Taylor (1932-2011)

American actress Elizabeth Taylor lived a lavish, seemingly ideal life. But after a spinal surgery and other health conditions, she became addicted to prescription pain pills3. She also struggled with alcohol addiction. 

Elizabeth Taylor made the decision to publicly announce her admittance to Betty Ford Center, Betty Ford’s first treatment center. By doing so, Elizabeth gave permission for other celebrities to do the same. She also normalized treatment for women—even pretty, successful ones like her.

As a Hollywood Icon, Elizabeth Taylor embodied who many women wished they could be. So seeing her go to rehab, openly admit it, and then go again after a relapse may have been more impactful than she’ll ever realize.  

Nora Volkow (1956-Present)

Nora Volkow, current director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), changed the way we see addiction. Her work in brain imagery showed that addiction isn’t a character flaw or personal failing. Rather, it’s a tangible change in the brain. 

Her work contributed heavily to the disease model of addiction4. This revolutionized the old idea of addiction being something to punish. Now, for many, it’s something to treat.

Women in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) provides a resource for Americans struggling with alcohol addiction. While it didn’t specifically exclude women, they weren’t welcomed in the same way men were. Usually, women were seen as the supportive spouse, attending just for their husbands’ sake. Or, women were villainized for their addiction. 

Some of the very first women in AA decided to change that.  

Florence R. (?-1943)

Florence was one of the very first members of AA5. She joined one of the pioneering groups in New York, wrote the first section written by a woman in the Big Book, and tried to start an AA group in Washington. 

Though she didn’t succeed, and eventually returned to drinking, Florence made AA meetings somewhere women could go, too. Those early members became family to her—something that still happens to this day.

In Florence’s case, just showing up to meetings made her an early AA icon. Despite her sobriety not lasting, she still made AA meetings a more accepting, open place for women.

Marty Mann (1904-1980)

Marty supported the disease model of addiction, a brave move at a time when it wasn’t yet proven. She was one of the first women to bring awareness to addiction6 as something to heal, not punish. Marty fought against the stigma women in particular received: that they were promiscuous, uncontrollable, and without value. Instead, she advocated for recovery through acceptance.

Marty Mann also founded the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. She encouraged other women to get help, and those in the LGBTQ+ community. As a gay woman, Marty Mann bridged gaps between 2 underserved communities and the help they deserved. 

Dr. Ruth Fox (1896-1989)

Dr. Fox became the first medical director of The National Council on Alcoholism in 1959. She was one of the first psychoanalysts to take alcoholic patients. And she pioneered the use of Antabuse7 to treat alcohol addiction, which we still use today.

Dr. Ruth Fox also founded the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies. 

Dr. LeClair Bissell (1928-2008)

Dr. Bissell co-founded the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM)8. Like Marty Mann, she helped change the way the public saw addiction, women in recovery, and gay women. LeClair also advocated heavily for alcoholism treatment in professionals, specifically medical professionals. 

All these women changed the way women and the world see recovery. They made healing seem like a safe option for women who were scared, embarrassed, and without hope–but wanted out.

Those options for recovery still exist today, for men and women. And we have a lot of people to thank for that.

Find a Recovery Program Today

Much has changed from the early days of AA and recovery as a whole. While the stigma surrounding addiction hasn’t yet disappeared, these early women in recovery diminished it bit by bit. 
Thanks to them and many others around the world, ethical, women-focused recovery programs exist globally. You can browse our list of women-only rehabs and see photos, reviews, insurance information, and more.

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2023 Oscar Nominated Movies That Include Addiction

Films and TV shows tend to shape how culture views a certain subject (or profession). Recently, the idea of therapists, mental health, and addiction in pop culture became more mainstream. However, some films and shows do more harm than good—overdramatizing addiction and mental health, or just poorly representing it.

Others capture the rawness, truth and importance of addiction and mental health. 

All the Beauty and the Bloodshed 

Winning an Oscar for best documentary, All the Beauty and the Bloodshed recounts photographer Nan Goldin’s experience with addiction. She depicts her addiction to prescription painkiller OxyContin, and her frustration with the Sackler family.  

America’s Opioid Crisis

All the Beauty and the Bloodshed shows that Nan’s addiction began after an injury. Doctors prescribed a common medication at the time, OxyContin – which is highly addictive if taken incorrectly1. It contains oxycodone, which causes a high similar to heroin. 

Nan, like many others, became addicted to OxyContin after a perhaps thoughtless pain management plan. Nan formed P.A.I.N.2, Prescription Addiction Intervention Now, to “speak for the 250,000 bodies that no longer can.”

The Sackler family, owners of Purdue Pharma, received backlash for pushing OxyContin prescriptions when they perhaps weren’t needed. Nan worked to get museums and other Sackler-supported institutions to publicly separate from the family. 

America’s opioid crisis may have begun with overprescription of pain meds3, but it’s since grown for new reasons, like cheap, accessible products. Fentanyl, too, plays a large role in the 1,500 opioid-related deaths per week.

Treatment Options for Opioid Addiction

Many rehabs treat opioid addiction. In a residential setting, you’ll likely go through a medically supervised detox first, then begin therapeutic treatment. 

Therapies for opioid addiction could range from talk therapies to contingency management plans, which offer rewards for each step you complete in treatment. Talk therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) will help you work through the thoughts and emotions causing your behaviors. Then, you’ll learn new ways to process and manage what you feel.

You’ll learn coping tools for the future, relapse prevention strategies, and typically engage in an aftercare program to keep you well supported. 

All the Beauty and the Bloodshed explored prescription medication addiction. Other nominated movies this year blazed new trails, like The Whale.

The Whale Explores Grief And Binge-Eating

The Oscars nominated Brendan Fraser for Best Lead Actor. The Whale depicts Charlie’s (Fraser) journey through binge eating, grief, and depression. His coping mechanism began after the death of his partner. 

The story highlights the power of grief and the hold of eating disorders, and how they can function as a coping tool. Different characters in the film try to help Charlie, but as it often is, his grief is persistent. 

What Is Binge Eating Disorder?

Binge eating is eating without control4—it might feel impossible to stop. Sometimes, after binging, a purge happens; this is the pattern of bulimia nervosa5. You might purge through throwing up, taking laxatives, excessive exercise, or starving yourself. It’s meant to “undo” the binge. Not every binge eater purges, though. 

Binge eating might be your coping tool, especially if you’re dealing with something as powerful as grief.

Grief And Depression

Depression is a stage of grief6, as proposed by Kübler-Ross. In The Whale, Charlie mourns the loss of his partner, who died by suicide. Depression became a strong stage in his mourning. 

If you or someone you know is considering suicide or self-harm, you can call or text the number 988.

The film suggests binge eating became Charlie’s own way of committing suicide.

Getting Help for Grief And Depression

There’s help for the millions of others like Charlie. Grief and depression can weigh heavily—sometimes unbearably so. But you do have options to heal. 

Complicated grief therapy (CGT)7, for example, can help with grief and all its stages. Using loss- and restoration-focused care, “the therapist works to facilitate the progress of grief to help the client come to terms with the death.” 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help with depression and grief7. Using CBT, your therapist can help you modify your thoughts and change your behaviors. For grief, CBT could help you process your loss in a more productive way.

To Leslie And Blonde

Both To Leslie and Blonde highlight drug and alcohol addiction. They were also both nominated for Best Leading Actress in the 2023 Oscars. Ana de Armas played Marilyn Monroe in Blonde, and Andrea Riseborough played Leslie in To Leslie.

To Leslie depicts a mother’s struggle with addiction, spurred on by a seemingly-ideal lottery win. Leslie reaches new lows and eventually seeks help for her daughter’s sake and herself. 

Blonde retells the life story of Marilyn Monroe, who tragically and famously died after an overdose. 

Drug And Alcohol Addiction: Not Just for The Famous

Movies like Blonde make addiction seem almost ritzy—something only people with deep pockets can do. Then, To Leslie goes and proves that wrong. So which is true? 

It’s both. 

Addiction doesn’t discriminate. In each movie, despite the contrasts in leading women, their reasons for substance abuse were similar. The case remains true for many today. Stressors, mental illnesses, or trauma can start a habit you can’t stop on your own. 

Stories like Leslie’s and Monroe’s can help the larger public see this through a cleaner lens. Addiction wasn’t a moral failing of either woman. It was how they coped. 

But there’s more than one way to find that same sense of control. Treatment can help you see that.

Treatment Options for Drug And Alcohol Use

Many rehabs treat drug and alcohol addiction. Here, you’d have constant monitoring, individualized care, and a structured treatment schedule. Most residential rehabs also offer on-site detox. 

Depending on your situation, you might find an intensive outpatient program (IOP) or partial hospitalization program (PHP) more suitable. Each of these programs provides effective treatment, and you get to go home at night. IOP is less intensive, usually lasting 3-5 hours a day, while PHP could go for 5-8. 

In these treatment settings, you’ll learn relapse prevention skills and work on the thoughts behind your behaviors. Rehabs typically offer a variety of therapies to meet your needs. 

You can browse our list of rehabs to see reviews, pricing, and insurance information, and more.

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Neurofeedback For Addiction Recovery: Letting Your Body Heal Your Mind

Neurofeedback can help those who need something different than a traditional way of healing during their recovery journey. With neurofeedback, you can see how your mind and body connect. And you’ll learn how you can shift your habits and ways of thinking to help you overcome addiction. You can start moving in the right direction to align your mind and body through neurofeedback treatment. 

How Addiction Affects the Brain

The human brain is made up of cells called neurons1 that interact with each other in different networks. One neuron releases a neurotransmitter, like a message, into the gap called a synapse, which then attaches to the next neuron telling it what to do. And different networks, or circuits, of neurons are responsible for different functions in the body.

neurotransmitter process

When you take drugs, they interrupt how this process occurs in the brain. Some drugs mimic the structure of natural neurotransmitters, and others cause neurons to release a lot of natural neurotransmitters. 

Addiction starts when your brain begins to produce less of its natural neurotransmitters due to high, constant drug use. It becomes harder to find the same happiness from things you used to enjoy. You then need to use drugs to find that pleasure again. And oftentimes, you need to use higher and higher amounts to get that same joy.

This becomes a dangerous cycle. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you find your passion for life again without the use of a substance.

What Is Neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback, measures brain activity with a few different devices like an electroencephalogram (EEG), sweat sensors, and heart rate monitors. Then, a trained professional can see where damage is in the brain. Your neurofeedback practitioner can work with you to get these harmed parts of the brain back to healthy functioning. It essentially harmonizes your brain waves. This treatment is non-invasive and does not use medication.

The main goal is to give you strategies to interfere with unhealthy thought patterns and help you take charge of your mind. This facilitates positive changes in thinking and behavior.

How It Works

Professionals at Luna Recovery explain that an electroencephalogram (EEG) uses sensors placed on your skin to gather information about brainwave activity2. It also collects data about your blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature. Practitioners then locate where there’s damage in the brain due to drug use, or other conditions. Knowing this, they can help you correct these faulty neural pathways.

What Happens During Neurofeedback Therapy?

During a neurofeedback session, which typically lasts about an hour, you’ll likely wear a cap on your head with different electrodes placed on it. These electrodes connect to a machine to monitor your brain’s activity.

neurofeedback session

After this is all set up, your practitioner will do activities with you to stimulate different areas of your brain. This could include watching a movie or playing a video game; however, your brain activity directly affects what’s happening on the screen. 

For example, your screen may only be at full brightness when your brain waves are interacting in unison. If you lose focus and your brain activity scatters, the screen will dim. Simple exercises like this not only show you how your brain is working, but they also begin to teach you how you can control it.

Are There Risks Associated with Neurofeedback Treatment?

Neurofeedback is generally a safe form of treatment because it’s non-invasive. It is possible, but unlikely, to experience some side effects during sessions, like anxiety, fatigue, and headaches.

Neurofeedback for Addiction Treatment

Addiction typically creates irregular brain waves3, and each drug creates different types of damage in different areas. Luckily, we can correct these irregularities through neurofeedback. 

During sessions, you’ll pay close attention to your thoughts. Outside of sessions, you can practice what you’ve learned to help you manage your feelings or cravings in real life. You’ll learn skills to adapt to any new situation that life throws at you. Throughout treatment, you can train your brain to become as healthy as someone without addiction4.

Neurofeedback and Mental Health

Neurofeedback is extremely useful for not only addiction recovery, but also for mental health disorders5. It’s an effective treatment for common disorders like anxiety and depression6. But neurofeedback can also treat co-occurring disorders and other singular  diagnoses:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Insomnia
  • Schizophrenia 
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

By disrupting unhelpful thought patterns, you can manage the emotions that come with your mental health condition. And neurofeedback can offer a good alternative to medication, especially if medications or other treatment plans haven’t worked for you in the past.

A Different Way of Healing

You have resources available to heal from addiction or mental health issues. Neurofeedback can give you a whole new perspective on life. You can attune your mind and body to connect with yourself and the world around you. Discover how rehabs with neurofeedback can help you start living fully.

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Goals of Depression Treatment (AAA)

You need more than a quick fix to treat depression. Depression won’t go away overnight, but that’s okay. That’s why therapy is a continual process that supports medication management, and vice versa. The goal, then, of depression treatment is to work through its root causes and teach you how to navigate daily life with more hope, ease, and joy. 

Through treatment, you can learn to manage depression and navigate your emotions. Talking with your doctor can help you decide which level of care is best for you. You could even attend a rehab for depression. 

Depression treatment could take many directions. Dr. Malasri, psychologist and Senior Director of Content at RehabPath, describes her AAA method below. 

“The more we focus on perseverative thoughts, the more they will prevail. To work through them, it is crucial to take the AAA approach: Acknowledge, Acknowledge, Action. The first round of Acknowledgement involves listening to yourself and acknowledging what you are truly feeling. In the second round of acknowledgement, you need to acknowledge the aspiration—what do you actually want to bring to your life, what are you seeking? Finally, take action—this is where you create an action plan that will enable you to take your solutions and break them down into monthly, weekly, and daily goals.”

You can use this method during and between therapy sessions. Using AAA, you can have progressive conversations with your therapist and yourself, and an all-around more successful treatment experience.

AAA Infographic2
The AAA method.

Acknowledgement 

The first step and goal of depression treatment is acknowledgement. You can acknowledge your symptoms, how they affect your life, and that they could mean you need extra help. Doing so might be your first step to healing.

You can do this with yourself, a therapist, or both. Because therapy doesn’t stop once you leave a session—it’s also every moment in between.

Your therapist can help you work through and resolve what contributes to your symptoms, especially if it feels hard to identify. For example, you might try to navigate a difficult job situation by identifying its pain points and seeing if you can relieve them. Or, your therapist could help you navigate a toxic relationship or living situation.

Once you’ve acknowledged what’s going on and how you’re feeling, you can move onto the second phase of acknowledgement.

Acknowledge What You Want

What do you want to happen next? What do you seek? Take some time to reflect on this. Dream, visualize, and see what you can imagine for yourself.

What does happiness look like? What does your ideal work experience look like? What motivates you? What are your sources of inspiration? 

Try to be realistic as you do this—taking off too big a chunk might feel daunting. Identify what you want here. Think of a blank canvas, and what picture you want to paint. 

And once you know what you want, you (and your therapist) can begin making it happen.

Action: Plan Your Next Steps 

Sometimes, leaving the cycle of depression can seem scary—paralyzingly so. Once you acknowledge this cycle and your goals, you can redirect your energy into action. Alone or with help, you can identify manageable steps that you can accomplish daily, weekly, and monthly. These form your action plan. 

You need to paint your dreams with paced, manageable steps. Here, it’s important to remember that small steps in your plan might feel easier to follow and commit to. 

For example, you might take a walk each day. Some days you might feel up to something bigger. Take that motivation and focus on the pace you created. On the days where it seems undoable, take that energy, go back to acknowledging those emotions, breathe through it, and remind yourself of your paced approach. 

Give yourself compassion—and space to breathe in your action plan.

Committing to the process could be invaluable, especially since, like other conditions, depression requires maintenance. It won’t vanish on its own. And once it’s gone, there’s always the chance it could come back. 

Maintaining your treatments, like therapy, self-care and medication management, can keep recurrent episodes at bay. 

And you can always come back to AAA. The process has no expiration date, and it’s yours. 

Break The Chains Without Fear

Despite how it may feel, depression can go away with proper treatment. The goal of treatment isn’t to give you a fast cure. Rather, it’s to give you systems and plans to manage the condition.
If you think residential treatment for depression could help you best, you can browse our list of depression rehabs and see pictures, pricing, and reviews.

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How to Spot High Functioning Depression: Signs and Treatment

High functioning depression can look like appearing okay to friends and family, while really you’re struggling on the inside. There are a lot of misconceptions about what depression looks like. But depression actually comes in many different forms and levels of intensity. Sometimes, symptoms can be hard to identify.

Seeking help can be daunting, but you are strong enough to begin healing. You can get treatment for high functioning depression to start living to your fullest potential.

What Is High Functioning Depression?

High functioning depression is a subtype of depression in which individuals experience symptoms of depression but can maintain their daily functioning, such as going to work or school, socializing, and completing daily tasks. It is characterized by a relatively high level of functional status, low depression scores, and little agitation.

High functioning depression can be challenging  to spot, so it’s important to recognize the symptoms you’re experiencing. This disorder usually has milder symptoms of major depression1. And it can be caused by a combination of genetic factors2 and other life experiences.

Despite feeling the opposite, putting on a happy face may seem like a good way to cope with depression at first. But ignoring the signs that you might be depressed can make it worse. High functioning looks different for everyone. Sometimes it seems like a way to protect yourself from uncomfortable feelings, and sometimes it looks like wearing a mask and pretending to be happy when you are not.

While your high functioning depression might feel manageable now, it could snowball into something more harmful. But co-occurring disorders like anxiety, major depressive disorder, and insomnia can also be an issue as a result of the depression3. And if you’ve experienced these feelings for 2+ years, you may have persistent depressive disorder (PDD), or dysthymia4. 

Signs of High Functioning Depression

If you think you have high functioning depression, it’s essential to talk to a licensed clinician who can diagnose you; however, here are some of the symptoms that you can identify4: 

  • Low self-esteem
  • Changes in sleep habits 
  • Changes in appetite 
  • Internalized distress
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Trouble making decisions
  • Feelings of sadness and hopelessness
  • High achievement orientation
  • Difficulty seeking help

These symptoms can have damaging and long lasting effects. Sometimes, high functioning depression can cause more harm than acute major depression5. But there are resources and tools available. You can stop the cycle and step into a more fulfilling, positive lifestyle by seeking professional help for your high functioning depression. 

Healing from the Inside Out: Treatment for High Functioning Depression

Acknowledging that you may have high functioning depression, and facing those negative feelings, is a vital first step in your journey toward healing. Getting a diagnosis and the right care can then get you to feel like the real you again.

Antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOs) can help manage your symptoms. However, medications are even more effective when combined with other therapies5. 

Talk Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is proven to be one of the best treatments for depression6. This therapy helps you identify unhelpful thought patterns that might contribute to your high functioning depression. Then, you’ll learn how to replace those negative thoughts with positive ones. Once you build out these new ways of thinking, your emotions will likely become more manageable. And you’ll learn habits to overcome any new challenges that arise in the future.

Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) is a therapy designed specifically for persistent depression7. CBASP helps you create a clear, step-by-step action plan to tackle your issues. You’ll learn how to develop constructive, positive habits. And you’ll focus on your actions’ impact on yourself and others. This, in turn, motivates you to maintain a positive lifestyle.  

Holistic Therapies

Healing requires looking at the whole “you.” And healthy lifestyle changes can enhance treatment for depression5. There are a few different holistic practices that you can incorporate into your recovery to heal your mind, body, and spirit.

Yoga builds physical and mental strength, which makes it an effective treatment for depression8. Yoga can provide community and a sense of belonging, and depression-related themes can be shared in classes. You’ll work through breathing exercises, learn resilience in different poses, and practice mindfulness. And you can do it from anywhere and on your schedule. 

Meditation and mindfulness are another instrumental way to treat depression. In fact, data shows that mindfulness-based training is as effective as other talk therapies for depression treatment8. These practices draw your attention to the present moment and your surroundings. By incorporating mindfulness into your daily routine, you can become more aware of your emotions. And in time, you can better manage your feelings and choose to seek the positive. 

How to Support Someone with High Functioning Depression

If you think someone you love is experiencing high functioning depression, providing a listening ear and complete understanding can go a long way. While you can be a support system for the person you love, encouraging them to get professional treatment is the best way to help them heal. You can be their rock, guide them through the process, and be patient as experts help your loved one work through their depression. 

Learning to Live Fearlessly

Coming face-to-face with your depression can be scary. But by confronting what’s holding you back, you can set yourself free. Tap into your resilience by seeking help for your high functioning depression. 

Change happens in small steps. Here are 6 things you can start doing today to live fearlessly: 

  1. Seek professional help
  2. Challenge negative thoughts
  3. Practice self-care
  4. Reach out for support from friends and family–remember reaching for help is a good thing
  5. Make manageable changes (i.e. daily routine, new hobby)
  6. Set goals for yourself
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Traumatic Brain Injuries and Your Mental Health

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can be extremely serious. Unlike most injuries, they can directly alter brain function, and have a severe impact on your mental health. Some patients even develop addictions following TBI, whether or not they have a history of substance abuse.

Even a relatively mild concussion can cause long-term symptoms. And because those symptoms won’t necessarily appear right away, it can be hard to see the connection between TBI and subsequent mental health issues. After sustaining any type of head trauma, it’s important to see a doctor and learn about your options for recovery. Depending on your exact experience, you may benefit from getting treatment at a residential rehab.

Mental Health Symptoms of a Physical Injury

Although they’re caused by physical trauma, TBIs are strongly related to mental health and addiction issues. Because these injuries can affect brain function, mood and behavioral changes are common symptoms of traumatic brain injury.1

In some clients, head trauma can lead to serious mental health conditions,2 like depression or anxiety. This is even true for people with mild TBIs, like concussions. According to one study, “both moderate to severe and mild TBI are associated with an increased risk of subsequent psychiatric illness.3 Whereas moderate to severe TBI is associated with a higher initial risk, mild TBI may be associated with persistent psychiatric illness.”

The connection between TBIs and mental health conditions goes both ways. Many TBI patients experience emotional changes, regardless of their prior health history. People with a preexisting mental health diagnosis may also be at a higher risk for traumatic brain injury.4 No matter what your mental health history looks like, you may be especially vulnerable to certain issues after a TBI.

Depression

TBIs are correlated with major depressive disorder.6 One study found that this condition “occurs with sufficient frequency to be considered a significant consequence after TBI.” And unfortunately, these symptoms may get in the way of your recovery. Many people with depression have trouble finding the motivation to get the help they need.

Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are quite common after traumatic brain injuries.7 TBI is associated with a number of anxiety disorders, including (but not limited to) the following:

  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Phobias
  • Panic disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

In some cases, these conditions are simply emotional responses to the event that caused traumatic brain injury. For example, you might develop PTSD after being in a serious car accident. However, they may also result from changes to the brain itself. Experts have found that anxiety is “a strong predictor of social, personal, and work dysfunction” in people with TBIs.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD commonly co-occurs with traumatic brain injuries. This might be true because of the prevalence of TBI among military veterans,8 who are at risk of PTSD for additional reasons. However, research has found that civilians with a history of head trauma are also at risk for developing PTSD.9 If you’re experiencing the symptoms of PTSD, whether or not you have a history of TBI, consider attending a program that offers trauma-informed care.

Choosing the Right Therapy for TBI Recovery

Treatment for TBI depends on your exact symptoms, and on their severity. Because these injuries may affect any area of the brain, different clients have vastly different needs during recovery. Most people benefit from a combination of physical and psychotherapeutic interventions for traumatic brain injuries.10

If you’re experiencing mood or behavioral changes, or other mental health symptoms, the following types of therapy can be especially helpful:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is the most widely used mental health intervention for people with TBI.10 In this type of treatment, you’ll regularly meet with a therapist to discuss your emotional experience. During each session, you’ll identify challenging thought patterns and emotional responses, and learn practical tactics to help you navigate them. These skills empower you to approach difficult emotions and situations with equanimity.

Mindfulness Practices

Mindfulness techniques may be helpful for TBI,11 especially for people with both cognitive and psychological symptoms. Preliminary research shows that therapies like meditation, yoga, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) are highly effective in treating a wide variety of symptoms. These techniques can help you come into the present moment, accept your emotions as they are, and find a sense of peace. More research is needed into this form of treatment in the context of TBIs. If you do engage in meditation as part of recovery, it’s important to combine it with other healing methods.

Pharmaceutical Treatment

Depending on your symptoms, you may be a candidate for pharmaceutical treatment for mental health issues following a TBI.12 If you decide to try taking medication after a brain injury, it’s important to stay in close communication with your prescribing doctor. Any prescription can have side effects, and you could be at risk for developing serious cognitive or even physical symptoms due to your health history. Some medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, may not be safe for people with a history of TBI.

all points north lodge indoor pool
All Points North Lodge offers specialized programming and facilities for both active and former professional athletes.

TBI and Addiction

There is a high rate of substance use disorders among people with a history of TBI.13 Although more research is needed into the exact link between these two conditions, data supports the idea that addiction can make people more vulnerable to brain injuries, and vice versa.

Drug and Alcohol Use Can Cause TBI

Like other mental health conditions, substance abuse can increase your risk of traumatic brain injury.12 One study suggests that problem drinking is an especially common risk factor for these injuries, because it interferes with physical coordination. Drinking post-TBI can lead to severe mental health symptoms.

Any history of addiction can have an impact on your recovery from these injuries. One study found that people who had already entered recovery for substance misuse, and then sustained a traumatic brain injury, were at an increased risk of addiction relapse after their TBI.13 And since new symptoms can appear long after the original injury, it’s important to make a long-term plan for your recovery.

Neurological Changes Following TBI

Evidence suggests that people who sustain early-life TBIs are at a greater risk for developing substance use disorders.14 Head trauma can impact brain development, and it sometimes changes the way you respond to certain stimuli. In particular, research shows that the “regions of the brain associated with the perception of reward” may be directly affected by brain injuries.

If these areas of your brain are changed or damaged, you’ll be more vulnerable to addiction. A wealth of neuroscientific research confirms that drug use hijacks the brain’s reward system.15 According to neuropharmacologists Wilkie A. Wilson, Ph.D., and Cynthia M. Kuhn, Ph.D., “when addictive drugs enter the brain they artificially simulate a highly rewarding environment.” This modifies brain chemistry, provoking behavioral changes. Habitual drug use causes “the reward system to modify the brain to crave the drug and take action to get it.”

Professional athletes may also be more vulnerable to developing addictions16 following TBI. According to one study, athletes are “more susceptible to the intoxicating effects of substances and may get in trouble more easily due to the disinhibiting effects of the brain injury.” Because addiction often starts as an attempt to self-medicate mental health symptoms, early treatment may help you avoid more serious consequences.

If you have a history of either drug abuse or brain injury, be sure to inform your doctor when you seek treatment for either condition. Healing is absolutely possible, but you may need specialized care during recovery.

Rehab for Professional Athletes

Traumatic brain injuries are common among athletes.17 Experts estimate that 10% of all TBIs “are due to sports and recreational activities.” And if you’re a professional athlete, this type of injury can directly interfere with your ability to do your job.

Fortunately, several luxury rehab programs are designed to meet your unique needs. Orenda at Futures offers the Orenda Athletes Track, in which clients can continue physical training during residential treatment. This empowers you to recover without sacrificing your long-term career goals in the process. At this facility, “a team that has provided training and physical therapy to MLB, PGA, and more helps athletes heal and train while receiving comprehensive care for mental health and substance use disorders.”

You may be eligible for one of these specialized programs even if you’ve already retired from professional sports. All Points North Lodge treats both active and former professional athletes. Their experts continue offering support even after clients complete inpatient treatment. With their guidance, clients can start planning for long-term recovery from the moment they enter rehab. For some, that recovery plan may need to include medical care alongside mental health treatment.

orenda at futures athletes track
Orenda at Futures’ Athletes Track allows clients to continue physical training during residential treatment.

Other Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injuries

If you develop mental health symptoms after a TBI,18 you may be at greater risk for additional symptoms. Specifically, mental health issues could be a warning sign for functional limitations, like memory loss and difficulty performing regular activities. Your healthcare team may be able to recognize those signs in advance, and help you prepare for challenges.

TBIs may be classified as mild, moderate, or severe. According to the CDC, symptoms may last as little as a few hours, or they may linger for the rest of a person’s life. These injuries are especially dangerous for children and older adults. For children, TBI symptoms can affect brain development and result in long-term cognitive issues. Older adults are often misdiagnosed, and fail to receive the care they need as a result.

In mild cases, common symptoms of a traumatic brain injury5 include, but are not limited to:

  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Blurred vision
  • Fatigue
  • Mood or behavioral changes

Moderate or severe TBIs present with the same symptoms, and may also cause the following issues:

  • Seizures
  • Nausea
  • Pupil dilation
  • Loss of coordination
  • Agitation

If you exhibit any of these symptoms after a head injury, no matter how minor, it’s very important that you consult a doctor.

Long-Term Recovery for Body and Mind

Traumatic brain injuries can have long-term health impacts. And if your brain functions differently than it did before, it can be difficult to imagine what healing will look like. Recovery might not mean returning to life as it used to be. Instead, this is your opportunity to get to know yourself again, and decide how you’d like to move forward.

It’s extremely important to get comprehensive care after a TBI. Physical and mental health are always connected, especially if you’re healing from a brain injury. By working with a skilled team of doctors and therapists, you can decide on a plan of care that feels right for you.

If you’re concerned about the impact of an injury on your mental health, talking to a treatment facility can be a good place to start.

Frequently Asked Questions About Traumatic Brain Injuries and Mental Health

What are the mental health symptoms associated with traumatic brain injuries?

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can lead to various mental health symptoms, including mood and behavioral changes, depression, anxiety disorders (such as social anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms can occur regardless of your prior mental health history.

Can traumatic brain injuries lead to addiction?

Yes, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are associated with a higher risk of developing substance use disorders and addiction. Addiction makes people more susceptible to brain injuries, and vice versa. Substance abuse, including problem drinking, can increase the risk of TBIs and worsen mental health symptoms. Early treatment and specialized care are important for individuals with a history of addiction or brain injury.

What types of therapy are effective for TBI recovery and mental health symptoms?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used for people with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and mental health issues. It helps identify challenging thought patterns and emotions and provides practical tactics to navigate them. CBT is only one kind of available talk therapy; your treatment provider can help you decide which therapies are best for you.
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Demystifying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Traditional therapy and medications aren’t always effective for treating mental health disorders. If this is the case for you, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be a viable alternative. This non-invasive treatment works by stimulating different parts of your brain to alleviate symptoms of mental health conditions like depression and PTSD.

Your primary care physician, mental health treatment provider, or rehab treatment team can help you determine if TMS is right for you.

Health Conditions TMS Can Treat

TMS can be used to treat1 several conditions:

About 20-30% of patients with MDD continue to experience depressive symptoms2 despite therapy and medication. For those patients, looking for alternatives to traditional treatment approaches is often a logical next step. TMS shows significant potential to improve depressive symptoms among people with treatment-resistant depression and PTSD. It may take several weeks to see results, so it’s imperative for patients to consistently attend the number of sessions prescribed by their doctor.

Repetitive TMS, or rTMS, has also been shown to be successful for anxiety and bipolar disorders,3 although it’s more effective in treating depression than manic episodes. It may also speed up recovery after a stroke, and help alleviate symptoms that arise after the event. In addition, low-frequency rTMS can help control the symptoms of Tourette syndrome and OCD. High-frequency rTMS helps people quit smoking by reducing cravings. rTMS can even reduce cocaine use and cravings4 in people struggling with addiction.

What Exactly Is TMS?

TMS is a non-invasive procedure that stimulates brain tissue5 by producing a high- or low-intensity magnetic field through a copper wire. There are 3 main methods of TMS used today:

  • Single-pulse TMS (spTMS) stimulates the motor cortex while a machine measures and records electrical activity.
  • Paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS) delivers 2 pulses through the same coil, with long or short intervals in between.
  • Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is a popular variation of TMS that applies repeating pulses to a specific area of the brain. This method treats the symptoms that come from mental health disorders. Deep TMS (dTMS)6 is a newer type of rTMS that stimulates deep brain areas because their larger helmet allows for more surface area. All Points North Lodge is one rehab center that offers dTMS treatment.

Typically, spTMS and ppTMS evaluate brain functioning, while rTMS actually creates changes in the brain. If you’re treated for a mental health condition, you’ll most likely undergo rTMS. There are several different coils available for use in TMS treatment. The specialists who deliver your treatment will determine the best one for your needs.

You can either complete TMS sessions at an inpatient rehab center (Inspire Malibu, for example, offers this in partnership with a physician’s office) or at a private clinic as an outpatient. In the latter option, you’d stay at home and commute to your sessions each day.

What Happens During a TMS Session?

Before you undergo any TMS procedures,7 you’ll take a physical and mental health screening to confirm your candidacy. This includes discussions of symptoms, conditions, and any medications you take with your treatment team, who will then guide you through the process.

During your session, you’ll sit in a reclining chair with earplugs (or some sort of hearing protection) with an electromagnetic coil attached to your head. The Dawn Rehab in Thailand even lets you listen to music so you feel as comfortable as possible. During rTMS (the most common type of TMS procedure), the operating physician will turn the coil on and off repeatedly to deliver pulses to your brain. During this process, you’ll feel a tapping sensation, called “mapping.” The professional administering rTMS will slowly increase the dose of magnetic energy to determine the right amount for you.

Most people don’t find TMS painful,8 but some people may feel slight discomfort. The Dawn Rehab describes their TMS sessions:

“A TMS-trained nurse will place an electromagnetic coil against your head which will painlessly deliver brief magnetic pulses – the same as those used in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machines – to the region of the brain involved in mood control and depression.”

After your session, you can continue your regular daily routine as usual.

How Long Are TMS Sessions?

Duration can vary from person to person, and will also depend on your diagnosis. Standard rTMS treatment for major depressive disorder,9 for example, averages around 20-30 daily sessions for around 4-6 weeks. However, research recommends a minimum of 6 weeks. One study found that 38.4% of MDD patients responded well to just 4 weeks of treatment, but then surveyed patients who didn’t respond well to the initial 4 weeks after an additional 12 weeks of biweekly sessions. 61% of those patients responded well to the longer treatment phase.

Some studies have explored another, faster form of rTMS called “accelerated rTMS” or arTMS. During rTMS, people undergo multiple sessions in one day. Some studies suggest promising outcomes from this procedure, but more research will determine if this is actually a more viable option. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is another, newer form of rTMS that can produce quicker results.10 Some studies found that, after only 5 days, patients enrolled in TBS arTMS trials reported success rates of 90%.

Some people may continue to attend “maintenance sessions” after their first set of TMS sessions. This involves slowly reducing the number of sessions per week from 3 to 1, which is eventually reduced to 1 session every 2 weeks. However, some people stop rTMS altogether, and go back to therapy and medications after completing their sessions. Unfortunately, rTMS maintenance isn’t well studied, and needs more research before making any determinations.

Should You Try TMS Therapy? Consider the Cons

While TMS has relatively few drawbacks, they do exist. Side effects are possible, but are usually minimal. And, TMS can be expensive and time-consuming. However, it may still be worth it for you, since lifting your depression to any degree can greatly impact your quality of life. Here are some factors to consider before trying TMS:

Possible Side Effects

Although TMS is non-invasive and seldom produces side effects,11 it can cause seizures in rare cases, and doctors do not recommend it for patients with epilepsy. While the risk of a seizure is small (less than 0.01% if you don’t have epilepsy, and less than 3% if you do), it’s still a possibility. If any of the following apply to you, you may be more likely to experience seizures:

  • Pre-existing neurological conditions
  • Adolescent
  • Changes in medication
  • Active substance use

You should talk to your doctor if you have any metal or electronic implants that will be near the TMS coil. This includes cochlear implants. These may cause problems with the therapy, and can be dangerous.

You may feel some slight discomfort in your scalp or neck during the procedure or pain afterward. You might also become more sensitive to sounds or experience ringing in your ears—which is why treatment providers should always provide ear protection. Some people report feeling fatigued afterward. However, it’s unlikely that you’ll encounter any of these side effects, and if you do, they will most likely be mild and short-lived.

Cost

rTMS is expensive,12 ranging from $200-300 USD per visit in a private clinic. If you complete the full course recommended by your doctor, you may end up paying $5,000-10,000 USD. Of course, this can differ depending on the duration and number of sessions you attend. Check with rehabs you’re considering to see if TMS is included in the cost of your program, or how much additional costs are.

Could TMS Provide the Relief You’ve Been Looking For?

Being unresponsive to treatment is incredibly frustrating when you’re living with depression or other mental health issues. But the good news is, you still have options. Alternative treatments like TMS just might do the trick for you, and the simple act of being open to trying something new can empower you to move forward in your recovery journey.

To learn more about residential treatment programs that offer this and other alternative therapies, browse our collection of rehabs and connect with centers directly.

Frequently Asked Questions About Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Addiction Treatment

How does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) work for addiction treatment?

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It works by delivering targeted magnetic pulses to activate or inhibit brain cells, which can help regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of mental health conditions.

Is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation safe for treating depression and anxiety?

Yes, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is considered a safe procedure for treating conditions like depression and anxiety. It has been extensively studied and approved by regulatory authorities. Common side effects may include mild headache or scalp discomfort during or after the session, but these are generally well-tolerated.

What are the potential benefits and risks of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation offers several potential benefits, including its non-invasiveness, minimal side effects, and efficacy in treating certain mental health conditions. However, it may not be suitable for everyone, and some individuals may experience rare side effects such as seizures. It’s essential to consult with a qualified healthcare provider to determine if TMS is a suitable treatment option.

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Rehab for Depression: What Are My Treatment Options?

Most people think of rehab as a place you go to get treatment for substance use disorders. But did you know that many rehabs also treat mental health and mood disorders, like depression?

Many people seek help with mental health challenges at treatment centers every year, and may choose an inpatient, outpatient, or online format depending on their circumstances. While there’s no one formula for treating depression, choosing a rehab program that best suits your unique needs, values, and goals can help you ease distress and shift from surviving to thriving.

Depression is a serious mental health disorder that often requires professional help. If left untreated, it can worsen to a potentially unmanageable stage—and in some cases, it can be life-threatening. The Department of Health and Human Services discusses how depression increases the risk of suicide,1 with the risk being proportionate to the severity of depression.

If you’re having thoughts about suicide or self-harm, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (800-273-8255). Trained counselors are available for a confidential chat 24 hours a day.

In this article, we’ll explore signs of depression and examine your options for treatment:

  • When to consider getting professional help
  • Types of rehab for depression
  • Common approaches to treating depression

When Is It Time to Seek Professional Help?

Depression affects over 40 million adults in the U.S.6 But sadly, it often goes undiagnosed and undertreated. Early detection and treatment of depression7 offers several benefits, including longer remission times and improved social skills.

It’s a good idea to consider getting professional help if you notice telltale signs of depression that persist for at least 2 weeks, as outlined by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH):2

  • Hopelessness or pessimism
  • Irritability
  • Continuous feelings of sorrow, worry, emptiness, or guilt
  • Changes in appetite or weight
  • Lost of interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy
    decreased energy
  • Difficulty concentrating, remembering events, or making decisions
    difficulty sleeping or oversleeping

If you feel like depression is negatively impacting your day-to-day life, you have several options for treatment. This includes inpatient (residential) rehab, intensive outpatient programs (IOPs), partial hospitalization programs (PHPs), and teletherapy. Each treatment type presents unique benefits, which we’ll explore further below.

A qualified mental health professional can also help you determine which type of treatment is most beneficial for you.

Depression and Co-Occurring Disorders

Depression and other mental health conditions frequently occur alongside substance use disorders. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), substance abuse is twice as prevalent among those who suffer from mental illness.3 This situation is referred to as having “co-occurring disorders” or a “dual diagnosis.”

Mental health conditions may cause people to turn to drugs or alcohol to relieve their symptoms temporarily—and it also works the other way around. Because alcohol and drugs alter brain chemistry, people may experience new or worsened mental health symptoms as a result of substance use. In these cases, successful recovery requires simultaneously treating each condition. Thankfully, many rehab centers specialize in co-occurring disorder treatment, giving patients the opportunity to sustainably address both issues.

Types of Rehab Programs for Depression

Inpatient Rehab (Residential Rehab)

Inpatient, or residential, rehab provides 24-hour clinical care in a secure environment, making it preferable for those who require a higher level of care, perhaps due to the severity of their depression.

This treatment format offers the opportunity to fully devote yourself to getting better for a period of time. If you haven’t had success with less intensive depression treatment programs, you might benefit from the highly structured schedule and immersive environment that inpatient rehabs offer.

Following are some indicators that residential rehab for depression may be the best treatment option for you:

Your depression is resistant to treatment. Treatment-resistant depression4 is defined as depression with symptoms that persist after standard treatment with 2 or more medications. Residential settings offer around-the-clock access to a team of mental health professionals working to learn what strategies work best in relieving your depression. Many residential programs also offer the opportunity to try holistic or complementary therapies that might be just what you need to learn effective coping skills and find relief.

You need a change of environment or perspective. Inpatient rehabs allow clients to break away from possible environmental triggers and focus solely on getting well. Specialized programming can also provide opportunities to try new therapies and activities. This, in turn, can lead to a shift in perspective5 that fosters positive thinking.

You’ve had serious thoughts of, or attempts at, suicide. If you’re thinking about or have attempted suicide, it’s vital to get intensive mental health treatment immediately. Because suicidality requires a higher level of care and enhanced safety protocol, only certain rehabs admit these patients.

For more information on suicidal ideation, see our article: What to do When Someone You Love is Suicidal.

Outpatient Programs

Outpatient depression rehab options include intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) and partial hospitalization programs (PHPs). With both of these approaches, clients return home each day after treatment. These programs allow you to work around your job, school, or childcare routines while devoting a set amount of time each week to progressing towards your treatment goals.

In a partial hospitalization program, you’ll spend a significant amount of time in treatment—usually ranging from 4 to 8 hours per day, 3 to 5 days per week. This option may be used as a bridge between residential and outpatient care, and is sometimes recommended as a way to reduce the recurrence of severe symptoms. Clients in PHPs can retain important aspects of their daily routines while receiving full-time care.

Intensive outpatient programs typically involve less clinical hours than PHPs, but are more intensive than simply attending therapy sessions on your own. In an IOP, clients attend treatment on a part-time basis for about 9 to 15 hours per week, with many centers offering evening and weekend schedules that cater to working adults. IOP sessions are often based on group therapy.8

Below are some benefits of non-residential programs:

Outpatient rehab is often more cost-effective than residential. The higher cost of inpatient rehab can be a barrier for some. Since outpatient programs are often less expensive, they can provide a more accessible (but still intensive) option for those who are concerned about cost or have limited insurance coverage.

You can keep up with daily responsibilities while receiving full- or part-time depression treatment. Many people have family, work, or school obligations they simply can’t leave behind for an extended period. With PHP and IOP options, clients can receive intensive depression therapy that works with their schedule and allows them to live at home.
Sometimes, however, severe depression symptoms prevent people from being able to keep up with their daily responsibilities. For others, factors in their home life may contribute to depressive episodes. In cases like these, it may be useful to step away from your usual patterns for a period of time to focus on getting well.

Outpatient rehab could be a good option if you have a positive home environment. Studies have shown that having a strong support system positively affects your mental health.9 If your biological or chosen family, partners, friends, or others in your community can reliably support your recovery journey, it may be helpful to choose a treatment format that will allow you to stay in contact with them.

Teletherapy

Teletherapy uses remote technology as the means of communication between the therapist and the client. This can include both 1-on-1 and group therapy sessions, attended by video conferencing, phone calls, or chat.

Research shows that teletherapy is effective for many mental health concerns.10 Since COVID-19, even more rehabs now offer remote treatment options.

Could teletherapy be an effective depression treatment option for you? Let’s take a look at some of its benefits.

Teletherapy is more affordable than residential rehab. In addition to lower program costs, you may be able to save in other areas like transportation and childcare. Having more convenient, regular check-ins with your therapist may also help you manage your symptoms better and thus save money by minimizing the need for more intensive care. One study of veterans who received treatment remotely showed that regular teletherapy helped reduce their healthcare expenses11 over the course of a year.

Teletherapy can help you stay on track during COVID-19 restrictions. Life during the pandemic has proven to be an ever-changing roller coaster of spikes, mandates, and restrictions. With teletherapy, these changes don’t have to mean a disruption to your treatment progress. You can continue to attend sessions safely from the comfort of home (or any location convenient to you). This can also help protect vulnerable individuals from exposure to illness.

Teletherapy can be a viable option if your depression is not too severe. If you’re able to function well enough to carry out your day-to-day tasks, and you feel safe and supported in your home environment, remote treatment may make sense as a way to increase convenience and reduce the costs associated with in-person care.

Common Approaches to Treating Depression

In general, medication and talk therapy are the most common first-line approaches to treating depression. And while there’s much debate about which of these is most effective, according to the American Psychological Association, “there is some evidence that combining psychotherapy and medications12 may be more effective than either treatment alone.”

Each person’s experience of healing from depression is different, and you may find that one, both, or neither of these treatments works best for you. That’s why it’s important to learn about the range of treatment methods that are available, so you can start to seek professional advice and check in with yourself about what makes the most sense for your life.

Medication

Your doctor or psychiatrist may prescribe one (or eventually, several) of a variety of antidepressant medications. These typically fall into one the following categories:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): These are the most commonly prescribed form of antidepressant, and include Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), and Sertraline (Zoloft). SSRIs work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): These affect serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. SNRI medications include Venlafaxine (Effexor), Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and Duloxetine (Cymbalta).

Atypical antidepressants, such as Mirtazapine (Remeron) and Wellbutrin (Bupropion), are sometimes prescribed when SSRIs or SNRIs haven’t been effective.

While many of these have similar effects, they each have a unique profile, and side effects may vary from brand to brand. If you want to find out whether medication is right for you, your first step is to consult with a treatment professional. A qualified clinician can work with you to prescribe, monitor and manage your medication regimen and find out what most effectively relieves your symptoms.

Talk Therapy

Talk therapy, or psychotherapy, involves talking with a mental health expert about your depression and how it affects your life. This form of treatment can be very effective in helping you reduce depression symptoms and cope with them when they occur.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most common forms of talk therapy used in clinical settings. “Cognitive” refers to thoughts, while “behavioral” focuses on the actions arising from those thoughts. CBT is founded on the premise that inaccurate or unhelpful thought patterns cause undesirable behaviors. It seeks to transform thinking to help people see an overall improvement in how they feel.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is based on CBT, but also incorporates mindfulness techniques to help people increase their tolerance of uncomfortable emotions and gain self-acceptance. Therapy sessions focus on identifying states of mind and teaching coping skills based on meditation practice.

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on enhancing function within interpersonal relationships to alleviate depressive symptoms. A key idea is that psychiatric symptoms might be thought of as a response to challenges in daily connections with others.

An abundance of other talk therapies are also used in depression treatment. When you enroll in a rehab program, you’ll start with an initial assessment and set goals with your therapist for the course of your treatment. Depending on the program you attend, different therapies may be available.

Holistic and Complementary Therapies

Complementary and holistic therapies are non-traditional treatment approaches that many rehabs employ alongside standard methods like psychotherapy. These can help clients discover aspects of themselves by providing opportunities to try new ways of thinking and being. As such, they can provide important personal insight in ways talk therapy alone may not be able to.
Examples of complementary treatment methods include:

  • Mindfulness
  • Behavioral activation
  • Art therapy
  • Music therapy
  • Yoga
  • Experiential and recreational therapies

Alternative Therapies for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Several rehabs are able to provide alternative treatment options that may be helpful when conventional methods are not effective. Some people find that they’re more responsive to alternative therapies for treatment-resistant depression13 where more conventional methods have failed. These might include the following:

Lifestyle Changes

Small changes to your daily habits can have a big impact on how you feel. Along with professional treatment, research also shows that simple lifestyle changes can provide relief from depression symptoms.14 These can help you sustain remission after rehab, and may include the following:

  • Regular movement and exercise
  • Sleep hygiene
  • Mood-supporting nutrition
  • Spending time outdoors
  • Cultivating social skills and relationships

An added benefit of residential treatment is that patients spend enough time in a recovery-focused setting to set a new cadence for their daily routines. Aftercare support specialists can also help to make sure you’re maintaining these changes when you return home.

In Times of Darkness, Professional Depression Treatment Offers Hope

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating depression. If you’re struggling with this disorder, the good news is that you have plenty of avenues to choose from. Your primary care physician, therapist, or personal support network can be a good starting point for identifying options and deciding which will serve you best.

If you’ve decided to get help for your depression, you’ve already made an important first step. To learn more about depression rehabs and see program information, reviews, facilities, and more, search our comprehensive list of depression treatment programs.

 

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Depression in Men: Recognizing and Treating a Hidden Condition

Depression can be difficult for anyone to discuss, as sufferers have to deal with not only their condition but also the stigma associated with it. This challenge can be even more profound for men. Many men who struggle with depression suffer silently for years, compounding their feelings of sadness with the frustration, anger, and guilt of seeming weak. And unfortunately, these feelings often hinder men from seeking treatment for their depression.

While the symptoms are similar across genders, there are some key differences in how depression manifests in men. For example, when men are depressed, they may tend to appear aggressive or angry instead of sad. Also, while women can often be more in tune with their emotions and recognize depression for what it is, it can be harder for men to identify it in themselves. They may be more likely to ignore or suppress their feelings, or to attribute them to something else.

Depression can disrupt men’s daily lives and negatively impact their physical health, interpersonal relationships, and careers. It can also be life-threatening, as depressed men are 4 times more likely to commit suicide than women.1 That’s why we need to understand the signs and sometimes unique symptoms of male depression.


In this article, we’ll explore how depression presents in men. We’ll also dive into the reasons why men and those around them often fail to recognize that they’re suffering from depression and the consequences this can have, as well as how to find effective treatment.

Signs of Male Depression

Men face a set of cultural expectations as to how they’re supposed to display (or not display) emotion. As such, they’re more prone to hide certain feelings for fear of being criticized or rejected. Whereas depression may show up in women as sadness, some men may be less comfortable with this expression. Men might express feelings of sadness as anger or aggression—which in turn makes depression harder to identify.

Physical Symptoms

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, what we go through mentally and emotionally can affect us physically. Men may notice the physical effects of depression2 first, and are more likely to go to the doctor for physical problems than emotional ones.

These are some of the most common physical indicators of depression in men:

  • Headaches
  • Chest tightness or pain
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Erectile dysfunction or loss of libido

These symptoms may occur due to changes in brain function caused by depression, or they may result from other disruptions depression can bring, such as changes in eating habits or sleep. Fortunately, getting treatment for depression can provide relief from its physical and psychological effects.

Behavioral Symptoms

Early indicators of depression in men3 might include anger, aggression, irritability, and frustration. Since feelings lead to actions, behavioral signs might also appear:

  • Increased drug or alcohol use
  • Becoming controlling or abusive in relationships
  • Working more without taking breaks
  • Participating in high-risk activities, such as dangerous sports or unsafe sex
  • Falling behind on work or family duties

According to one survey analysis published in the medical journal JAMA Psychiatry, these self-destructive reactions are often the consequence of men lashing out in an attempt to hide their depression.4

What Causes Depression?

A combination of factors can cause depression in men:

Stress

Financial difficulties, the death of a loved one, relationship problems, major life changes, professional challenges, or any other stressful circumstance may trigger depression in certain men. Likewise, lacking the skills to cope successfully with stressors can worsen their emotional state.

Illness

Depression can result from medical conditions like diabetes, cancer, heart disease, or Parkinson’s disease. It can also exacerbate these issues, and vice versa. Medications used to treat these conditions might sometimes have adverse effects that induce or aggravate depression symptoms.

Genetics

Men with a family history of depression may be more prone to develop the condition.

Isolation

Loneliness can be harmful to your mental health if it lasts for a long period of time. Loneliness has been linked to an increased risk for mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, sleep disorders, and stress.

Childhood Trauma

Men who incurred abuse or trauma during childhood may experience severe depression as adults.

Substance Abuse

Men who have a history of drug or alcohol abuse may be at risk for developing severe depression. Depression is also a risk factor for substance abuse, as sufferers may self-medicate with drugs and alcohol. This combination of depression and substance abuse is known as a co-occurring disorder and requires specialized treatment. In this case, it’s best to seek comprehensive therapy that addresses both issues.

The possible causes of male depression are as unique as each individual. There are also a number of reasons why men or their loved ones may not recognize their depression.

Why Does Men’s Depression So Often Go Unrecognized?

The reasons men may ignore, hide, or simply be unable to see their depression for what it is can be complex. Emotional or behavioral indicators of depression in males might be misinterpreted as negative personality attributes. And because men are culturally conditioned to believe that expressing emotions connected with depression is wrong, many therefore strive to repress them. Even those who do recognize they’re depressed may avoid seeking treatment for fear of damaging their reputation among colleagues, family, or friends.

Co-Occurring Depression and Substance Abuse

As mentioned earlier, men often use alcohol or drugs to escape from their daily struggles or to cope with overwhelming symptoms of depression.

Co-occurring substance abuse can add to the challenge of treating men with depression. The two conditions can fuel each other’s negative cycles, ramping up behavioral consequences like aggression and risk-taking. This, in turn, can cause significant negative results in a man’s relationships, employment, and physical health.

Risks of Untreated Depression in Men

Effectively treating male depression can be lifesaving. Depression can cause people to feel powerless and hopeless, putting some at a dangerous risk for suicide.

If you’re having thoughts of suicide or self-harm, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for confidential assistance from a trained counselor. If you or someone you love is in immediate danger, call 911.

Untreated depression can last for months or years. And in addition to the day-to-day suffering it brings, it can also put men at risk of serious, long-term consequences.

According to the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, scientists have known for many years that there’s a link between depression and heart disease.5 Depression affects at least a quarter of all cardiac patients, and people with depression are more likely to develop heart disease.

In addition, depression and stress damage the immune system,6 and as mentioned earlier, can lead to several other physical ailments.

Families are profoundly affected when a loved one suffers from untreated depression. Family members may carry guilt around the situation, believing they did something to cause it or could have done more to help. They might also feel fearful about their loved one’s wellbeing, or anxious because they’re empathizing with his pain. Or, they might feel like they’re walking on eggshells due to his unpredictable moods.

Those struggling with severe depression might find intensive treatment at a residential depression treatment center to be helpful.

Inpatient Depression Treatment

Many residential rehab centers treat not only addiction, but also mental health issues like depression. If depression impairs your ability to function in daily life, you may find relief in a residential rehab‘s higher level of care. Inpatient depression treatment allows you to devote your full attention to your recovery for an extended period. In inpatient treatment, you’ll receive treatment in an immersive therapeutic setting, with 24/7 access to staff. Most rehabs also offer aftercare programming to help you transition to life back home and maintain your progress and lifestyle changes after inpatient care.

Gender-Specific Care

Some rehabs offer gender-specific programming, which can help with a few aspects of treatment:

  • Increasing comfort levels: Men may feel freer to open up about their experiences (for example, they may be less apt to self-censor during group sessions), allowing them to get more out of the treatment process.
  • Avoiding distraction: Early recovery is a vulnerable time, when emotions are often running high. Without the added pressure of women in the treatment setting, some men might feel better able to focus on their work of healing.
  • Forming bonds: Learning from shared experiences and finding commonalities with others can help men feel they’re not alone.

Centers Offering Men-Only Treatment Programs

Following are a few examples of depression rehabs with programs designed specifically for men:

Soberman’s Estate

This men-only residential center in Cave Creek, Arizona serves men between the ages of 30 and 80, and happily accommodates executive clientele. Their depression treatment program focuses on the emotional challenges that men, in particular, face. Their campus in the “shadow of the saguaro” offers expansive natural beauty and amenities such as a putting green, fire pit, and farm-to-table meals to help men rediscover their appreciation for life’s simple joys.

Peaks Recovery

This dual-diagnosis treatment center in Colorado Springs, Colorado offers a men’s inpatient program aimed at allowing clients to address gender-specific issues while strengthening bonds between peers. Clients live in one of 3 separate homes on their 12.5-acre campus, surrounded by Rocky Mountain scenery that inspires self-connection.

Taking Steps Towards Relief

Depression is a serious, life-altering disorder. It’s critical to understand that this persistent sadness is not a sign of weakness. It’s a real illness, and it requires proper treatment.

Recognizing the signs of depression, learning more about your condition and what you can do to treat it, and reaching out to a facility for an assessment are the first steps toward taking back your life.

Learn more about depression treatment facilities here.

Frequently Asked Questions About Male Depression

How is depression in men different from depression in women?

While the symptoms of depression are similar across genders, there are some key differences in how it manifests in men. Men may tend to exhibit aggression or anger rather than sadness when depressed. They may also have difficulty identifying their own depression and ignore or suppress their feelings. Understanding these differences is important for addressing male depression effectively.

What are the treatment options for male depression?

Effective treatment options for male depression include therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support from loved ones. Individual therapy can help men explore and address underlying issues contributing to their depression. Medication (prescribed by a healthcare professional) may be used to manage symptoms. Making positive lifestyle changes like exercising regularly, eating well, and managing stress can also support mental wellness.

Are there specialized treatment programs for men with depression?

Yes, there are specialized treatment programs available specifically designed to address the unique needs of men with depression. Some luxury rehabs offer gender-specific programming, creating a safe and supportive environment where men can openly discuss their experiences and find commonalities with peers. These programs aim to increase comfort levels, avoid distractions, and foster bonds among participants. Examples of such programs include Soberman’s Estate in Arizona and Peaks Recovery in Colorado.