Tag: Drug Addiction

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How Do I Know if I Need Mental Health and Addiction Treatment?

If you’re reading this, you might be wondering, “Do I need help?”

That question alone takes courage, and it could be the most important first step in your healing journey.

Acknowledging the need for mental health or addiction treatment is not a sign of weakness. It’s a sign of wisdom. It means you know something isn’t right, and that you might be open to change. 

Change is where healing begins.

When stress, anxiety, substance use, or feeling lost becomes overwhelming, it can be hard to know if you need professional help. This guide will help you recognize when it’s time to seek treatment and how to take that first step.

Illustration of a person with raised arms standing on a small island with a palm tree, accompanied by the text 'Asking for help isn't weakness—it's awareness.

Recognizing Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing when you need help is the first, and often hardest, step toward healing. 

It can be challenging to recognize the signs and symptoms of addiction1 and mental health conditions. But behavioral health experts say there are common indicators. Often, our loved ones or family members are the first to notice and point out changes. 

These warning signs typically fall into 3 main categories that affect how we act, feel, and function physically.

Behavioral, Emotional, and Physical Indicators

Mental health and substance use issues often show up in subtle ways at first. You might not even realize how much they affect your life until someone else points it out—or until it starts interfering with your peace. Over time, consequences can get more severe and start to impact your quality of life.2

Here are some red flags to watch for:

  • Withdrawing from friends, family, or favorite activities
  • Ongoing mood swings, anxiety, irritability, or deep sadness
  • Trouble sleeping, or sleeping too much
  • Significant weight loss or gain
  • Neglecting hygiene
  • Using substances (like alcohol, drugs, food, or even social media) to escape
  • Difficulty concentrating, staying motivated, or feeling hopeful
  • Feeling like life is overwhelming or not worth living

If you’re experiencing several of these symptoms, your mind and body may be signaling that it’s time for support.

Infographic showing 9 common signs you might need mental health or addiction treatment, displayed in a 3x3 grid with icons. Signs include: withdrawing from people or activities, hiding how you really feel, sleeping too much or too little, mood swings/anxiety/sadness, using substances to cope or escape, struggling to focus or feel hopeful, feeling overwhelmed or emotionally numb, loved ones noticing a change in you, and falling behind on tasks and routines. Illustration of a concerned person appears on the right side with exclamation points around them.

Self-Assessment Tools and Questions

If you’ve noticed potential warning signs, specific assessment tools can help you evaluate whether your symptoms warrant professional attention.

Note: These assessments should not replace a formal diagnosis, but your results may indicate whether it’s a good idea to seek a clinical evaluation. If your answers point to possible signs of addiction or mental health concerns, consider speaking with a professional for support or further evaluation.

Clinical Screening Tools for Self-Assessment

Healthcare providers commonly use the following evidence-based screening tools3 in treatment settings, but they’re also available for self-assessment. 

GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale

What it’s for: Screens for generalized anxiety disorder and assesses severity. Also effective at detecting panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and PTSD.

How it’s used: Rate how often you’ve been bothered by anxiety symptoms over the past 2 weeks. Takes 2-3 minutes to complete.

Sample questions:

  • Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge?
  • Not being able to stop or control worrying?
  • Trouble relaxing?

Where to find it: The GAD-7 is available online4 or through your healthcare provider.

Chart titled 'When Patterns Shift from Normal to Concerning' showing four examples of how behaviors can escalate on a spectrum from green (normal) to red (concerning). Examples include: occasional drinking to getting drunk daily, feeling down for a day to persistent hopelessness, losing focus sometimes to can't function at work or home, and needing alone time to withdrawing from everyone. Each row features an icon and a gradient bar showing the progression.

PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9

What it’s for: Screens for depression based on DSM-5 criteria and assesses severity, including suicidal ideation.

How it’s used: Rate how often symptoms have affected you over the last two weeks. Takes 3-5 minutes to complete.

Sample questions:

  • Little interest or pleasure in doing things?
  • Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
  • Thoughts that you would be better off dead or hurting yourself?

Where to find it: The PHQ-9 is available online5 or through your healthcare provider.

CAGE Questionnaire (Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-Opener)

What it’s for: Brief screening tool to identify alcohol misuse.

How it’s used: Four yes-or-no questions that take about one minute to complete.

Sample questions:

  • Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
  • Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
  • Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking?
  • Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (eye-opener) to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?

Where to find it: The CAGE Questionnaire6 is available online or through your healthcare provider.

These self-assessment tools offer a quick, confidential way to evaluate whether you may benefit from professional support. While they don’t provide a diagnosis, they can identify concerning patterns and help guide your next steps.

Of course, taking an honest self-assessment requires acknowledging that there might actually be a problem, which isn’t always easy.

The Role of Denial and Minimization

Let’s be honest. It can be easy to talk yourself out of needing help.

Maybe you have said things like:

  • “It’s not that bad.”
  • “I can handle this on my own.”
  • “Other people have it worse.”

Minimizing or denying a problem is a common part of struggling with addiction or mental health concerns. It’s a way the mind tries to protect itself from pain by pretending things are fine. But most people underestimate how much their struggles are actually affecting their lives. Denial helps you feel in control, while minimizing sounds like “It’s not that bad” or “I can stop anytime”—but both can keep you from getting help when you need it most.

These thought patterns can delay help until a crisis occurs. But it’s important to remember that you don’t need to be in crisis to deserve support.

When “Functioning” Doesn’t Mean “Healthy”

You don’t need to lose your job, home, or relationships to require treatment. Many people with mental health or substance use disorders are still meeting their responsibilities at work or school. This is known as “high functioning.”7

Busting the Myth of the High-Functioning Addict

Not everyone struggling with addiction:

  • Drinks or uses in the morning
  • Gets a DUI
  • Misses work regularly

Not everyone with a mental health condition:

  • Experiences suicidal ideation
  • Has difficulty in social situations
  • Needs hospitalization

These things can and do happen for many people. However, addiction and mental illness look different for everyone. “Functioning” doesn’t mean your mental well-being is intact. High-functioning alcoholism, drug addiction, anxiety, or depression can fly under the radar for years. But that doesn’t mean you couldn’t benefit from treatment to improve your physical, mental, or spiritual well-being.

What Loved Ones Might Notice First

Sometimes, the people closest to us can see the signs before we’re ready to. It’s not because they’re trying to judge, it’s because they care. They know your usual patterns, and when something shifts, they notice.

Here are some common changes or warning signs8 loved ones or others closest to you, like family members or employers, may notice:

  • A drop in mood or energy: You may seem tired, irritable, or not yourself—even if you don’t realize it.
  • Changes in routine or motivation: Maybe you’re skipping work, sleeping all day, or losing interest in things you used to love.
  • Avoiding responsibilities or isolating: Pulling away from family, missing events, or spending long hours alone can be a red flag.
  • Unusual behavior or secrecy: Loved ones might notice you’re being vague, avoiding eye contact, or hiding parts of your day.
  • Increased substance use: They may comment on how much you’re drinking or using—and how it’s affecting your mood or relationships.
  • Emotional outbursts or numbness: Whether you’re snapping easily or seem checked out, they may sense something’s off emotionally.

Sometimes, these observations come as gentle concern. Other times, they may sound like frustration. Either way, don’t dismiss what your loved ones say, even if it’s hard to hear.

Why this matters:

When you’re in the middle of a mental health or addiction struggle, your view can get clouded. You might not notice how your habits or emotions have shifted. That’s why outside perspectives are valuable—they help you see what you might be missing.

What to do next:

  • Ask someone you trust: “Have you noticed any changes in me lately?”
  • Listen without defending. Just take it in with an open heart.
  • If several people have expressed concern, it’s worth exploring.

Remember: A loved one noticing a change in you or family members sharing a concern isn’t an accusation. It’s an invitation to check in with yourself and consider if help could make things better. Reaching out for support, including peer support, can be another helpful way to bring other people into what is going on in your life.

Next Steps if You’re Unsure

Olivia Mueller, VP of Research at Recovery.com, shares:

Trying to find substance abuse and mental health treatment that meets your needs can be overwhelming. Why? Well, one main reason is we often don’t know where to begin and we have misconceptions about ‘rehab’ and recovery. When someone breaks a bone, most of us laypeople have common knowledge about treatment protocol: See a doctor, get an X-ray, get a cast or sling to hold things in place to allow healing, go to follow-up appointments, and so on.

Yet, it’s not as simple when it involves questions about treatment for addiction or mental health. The journey ahead can feel overwhelming, but there can be a clear path forward and guidance when you feel unsure about the next steps for treatment.

If you’re still unsure whether you need help, consider talking to a mental health professional or health care provider. A diagnostic evaluation typically includes:

  • A review of your medical history
  • A mental health screening
  • Questions about alcohol use disorder, drug use, trauma, and mood
  • Referral to treatment programs, psychotherapy, or support groups

These assessments can be conducted through outpatient mental health services, inpatient programs, or telehealth.

If you’ve read this far, something inside you is reaching for hope—and that matters.

You don’t need to have it all together to ask for help. You just need to be willing to take one small step.

No matter where you are in the process, you’re not alone. Recovery is possible and there’s a community here to help you take the next step. Find qualified addiction treatment programs in your area that offer personalized care when you need it most.

FAQs

Q: What are the signs that a person may need addiction or mental health treatment?

A: Everyone struggles with their health from time to time, but if your symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, interfere with your work or relationships, or you find yourself using substances to cope with daily stress, you may need professional addiction or mental health treatment. A professional assessment can help you accurately determine your treatment needs. Also note that you don’t have to be in severe distress or crisis to benefit from professional support: many people see therapists for maintenance, additional support through growth phases, or to work through less severe (but still important) issues.

Q: When should someone seek help for addiction or mental health?

A: If symptoms last more than 2 weeks, worsen over time, or affect your ability to function at home, work, or school, it’s a strong sign to reach out to a mental health professional or treatment provider. It is always recommended to seek outside support for symptoms of substance use disorder or mental health conditions. Determining risk factors or other symptoms through assessments can also be a helpful way to learn if you need outside support.

Q: How do I know if I need help with my mental health?

A: Ask yourself: Am I coping in healthy ways? Have others expressed concern? Am I feeling overwhelmed more often than not? If the answer is yes to any, consider taking a self-assessment or speaking to a provider.

Q: What qualifies as a serious mental illness?

A: Serious mental illnesses (SMIs) include conditions or mental disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depression that significantly impair daily functioning. A formal diagnosis is made by a licensed mental health professional.

Q: How do I get addiction or mental health treatment?

A: You can start by talking to your therapist, healthcare provider, using a non-biased treatment finder like Recovery.com, or calling a helpline. Treatment may include talk therapy, medication, support groups, or outpatient services.

Q: What are the types of substance use disorder?

A: Substance use disorders can involve alcohol, opioids, stimulants, or other drugs. They range in severity and may include physical dependence, compulsive use, or co-occurring mental health conditions. The DSM-5-TR outlines criteria for specific mental health and substance use diagnoses. To better understand what you’re experiencing, you can take a self-assessment, complete a formal evaluation, or talk with a licensed treatment provider or health care professional. These steps can help clarify whether treatment would be beneficial.

Q: Can substance abuse treatment fail due to untreated mental health issues, or vice versa?

A: It’s common for mental illness and substance use to be interconnected. If one condition goes untreated, it can undermine recovery from the other. Integrated treatment is often the most effective. Talking to your treatment provider or health care provider about your concerns about co-occurring mental health and addiction is an important first step in preparing a comprehensive and effective treatment plan. 

Q: How can I tell if I need treatment for addiction?

A: Warning signs of addiction include cravings, loss of control, using despite consequences, a relapse or recurrence of use, or hiding your substance use. If you’re unsure, talk with a provider or complete a screening tool as a first step. Just asking the question may be an indicator that you already know something is not quite right, and that you want to change.

Q: How can I tell if my addiction requires professional treatment?

A: If your self-control is slipping, your health or relationships are suffering, or you’ve tried to stop and cannot, professional addiction treatment can provide structure, support, and lasting results. You have options: intensive residential programs, flexible outpatient treatment, family therapy, evidence-based behavioral therapies, and other specialized approaches that can be tailored to your specific situation and goals.

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What Kind of Treatment Do I Need? Understanding Levels of Care for Addiction and Mental Health Treatment

Trying to figure out what kind of treatment you need can feel like stepping into a maze. You might be asking: Do I need to detox first? Is inpatient too much? What even is PHP? If you’re feeling unsure or overwhelmed, you’re not alone—and you’re not doing anything wrong.

This guide is here to help you understand what your options actually look like in practice. From round-the-clock care to flexible weekly therapy, different levels of care are appropriate for different situations. Knowing how they work can make it easier to take the next step, whatever that looks like for you.

Infographic showing six treatment levels arranged around a compass: Medical Detox (24/7 medical care for withdrawal), Inpatient/Residential Treatment (live-in treatment with round-the-clock therapy), Partial Hospitalization Program (daytime outpatient care with high structure), Intensive Outpatient Program (part-time therapy balancing treatment with daily life), Outpatient Therapy (weekly one-on-one flexible support), and Virtual Care/Telehealth (online access to therapy and medication management).

Levels of Care Explained

Addiction treatment takes place on a continuum of care, with various levels of care designed to meet people where they are. Some offer 24/7 medical support. Others give you space to keep working or caring for family members while getting help. Stepped-down treatment options allow you to gradually introduce more and more responsibilities into your life as your mental health and confidence improve.  

Here’s what each one involves, so you can get a better sense of what best fits your life right now.

Medical Detox

  • Typical duration: 5–10 days
  • Hours per week: 24/7 care
  • Time of day: Day and night

If you’ve been using substances (especially alcohol, opioids, or benzodiazepines) regularly, stopping suddenly can result in severe, or even fatal, symptoms. Medical detox gives you a safe place to withdraw with trained staff on hand. A qualified treatment team will monitor your symptoms, help you manage pain or discomfort, and step in if any complications arise. 

This is often a preliminary step, prior to starting a comprehensive addiction treatment program, for people who are physically dependent on substances.

Learn more about what to expect in the detox process: See our detox FAQs.

Pie charts showing time commitment by treatment level: Inpatient/Residential Treatment requires 100% of time, Partial Hospitalization Program requires 18% of time, Intensive Outpatient Program requires 7% of time, and Outpatient Therapy requires 2% of time.

Residential or Inpatient Treatment

  • Typical Duration: 30–90 days
  • Hours per Week: 24/7 care
  • Time of Day: Day and night

In residential rehab, you live at a treatment facility while focusing entirely on recovery. It offers a structured environment and full daily schedule of therapy, group support, mental health care, and activities that help you build new coping tools. Many residential programs also incorporate family therapy. 

Because your meals, housing, and daily routine are all taken care of, you can put all your energy into getting better without juggling the pressures of work, school, or family obligations. It’s a space where your only job is to focus on your healing.

This level is a good fit if you need more acute care such as dual diagnosis or eating disorder treatment, or need space away from issues at home that may complicate your recovery.

Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP)

  • Typical Duration: 15–30 days
  • Hours per Week: 25–30 hours
  • Time of Day: Primarily during the day

A PHP (also known as day treatment) is one of the most intensive available outpatient services. You’ll spend most of your day at a treatment center for therapy, psychiatric care, and medical check-ins, then go home (or to sober housing) in the evening. For most people, the time spent at a PHP feels like the equivalent of a full-time job.

PHPs are a step down from inpatient care but still offer a high level of structure and support, especially if stabilization is still a concern.

Timeline showing progression through addiction treatment levels: Medical Detox (1 week) for safe opioid withdrawal, Inpatient Treatment (30 days) for space away from triggers, Intensive Outpatient Program (8 weeks) for continued support while returning to daily life, and ongoing Outpatient Therapy for stress management while staying connected to care.

Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP)

  • Typical Duration: 8–12 weeks
  • Hours per Week: 9–15 hours
  • Time of Day: Day or evening options

IOPs give you solid support without requiring you to put your life on hold. You’ll attend several individual and group therapy sessions each week, and may have access to medication management. The time commitment here is similar to a part-time job.

An IOP works well if you’re stepping down from a higher level of care, or if you’re juggling recovery with work, school, or family responsibilities.

Outpatient Therapy

  • Typical Duration: Ongoing or as needed
  • Hours per Week: 1–5 hours
  • Time of Day: Flexible

Outpatient therapy can be as simple as seeing a therapist once a week. Some people start here if their symptoms are mild; others continue therapy after completing a more structured program. It’s a space to keep working through triggers, rebuild relationships, and stay grounded in your recovery over time. You can choose a schedule that fits your daily life.

Warning signs indicating need for higher level addiction treatment: worsening symptoms, impaired daily functioning, relapse or increased use, failed outpatient attempts, social withdrawal, frequent crises or emergencies, inability to cope, and unsafe home environment. Illustrated with a figure climbing stairs representing treatment progression.

Sober Living or Transitional Living

  • Typical Duration: 1–12 months
  • Hours per Week: Independent, with optional meetings
  • Time of Day: Mostly daytime routines

Sober living homes are group environments where people in early recovery live together under shared rules. There’s no formal therapy, but you’ll usually have curfews, house meetings, and drug testing, as well as attending meetings and recovery-friendly activities outside the home. It’s a helpful bridge between structured treatment and living completely on your own—especially if your home environment poses challenges to your recovery.

Learn more about length of stay in different types of treatment in our article on how long rehab lasts.

Virtual Care (Telehealth)

  • Typical Duration: Varies by program
  • Hours per Week: 1–15 hours
  • Time of Day: Day or evening availability

Virtual care lets you access therapy, support groups, and even medication management from home. It’s especially useful if you live in a rural area, have mobility issues, or just need more flexibility. Some people use it to start treatment; others use it to stay connected to a sober support network after in-person care. As long as you have a phone or internet connection, you can access high-quality behavioral health care.

How to Know What’s Right for You

Choosing a treatment program is about finding what fits your circumstances and resonates with your approach to healing. Start by thinking about how withdrawal affects you, whether you’re also dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or other mental health disorders, and if you’ll have any specific needs while in treatment.

If you’re in crisis, can’t stop using on your own, or feel unsafe at home, inpatient care might be the most supportive place to begin. If you’re more stable or have responsibilities you can’t step away from, outpatient care may give you the balance you need.

There’s no wrong place to start. The most important thing is to start somewhere.

Do I Need Medical Supervision?

If you’ve ever had severe withdrawal symptoms (or you’re worried you might), it’s important to talk to an addiction specialist before you try to stop using on your own. Symptoms like seizures, hallucinations, or heart issues can be dangerous without medical support.

You might also need supervised care if you have certain medical needs such as a health condition that affects your recovery, or if you’re taking medications that could interact with withdrawal. Medical detox or inpatient treatment can give you safety and stability while your body adjusts.

Dual Diagnosis or Co-Occurring Disorders

If you’re struggling with both mental health and substance use, you’re not alone—and you’re not a problem to solve. A lot of people use substances to cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, or other emotional pain. But over time, that coping can create its own set of challenges.

When both are happening at once, it’s called a  co-occurring disorder. These situations often need integrated care: treatment that addresses mental health and substance use at the same time, not in separate silos.

Dual diagnosis treatment is available at most higher levels of care and some outpatient programs. If this applies to you, look for programs that offer addiction treatment, psychiatry, and trauma-informed support under one roof.

What an Intake Assessment Looks Like

Most treatment centers begin with an intake or admissions assessment to better understand your needs. This process typically includes two parts:

  1. A brief phone screening with an admissions advisor. This initial conversation covers basic information about your substance use, mental health, and immediate needs to determine whether the program is a good fit. It’s also your chance to get your questions answered.
  2. A more in-depth assessment once you arrive at the treatment center. This is usually conducted by medical and clinical staff and dives deeper into your medical history, substance use patterns, mental health conditions, living situation, and any safety concerns.

The goal is to get a full picture of your situation so the team can recommend the most appropriate level of care and build a personalized treatment plan. Clinicians often use tools like the ASAM Criteria1 (developed by the American Society of Addiction Medicine) and a biopsychosocial assessment to guide your treatment plan.

You don’t need to have all the answers going in, just be as honest as you can.

Adjusting Treatment Over Time

You don’t have to commit to one level of care forever; you’ll likely move through several stages of treatment as your needs change. For example, you might start with inpatient rehab as your primary care, then step down to a lower level of care like an IOP, then continue with weekly therapy while living in sober housing.

Recovery isn’t linear. You might go forward, take a step back, or ramp up your meetings or therapy sessions when you’re going through a hard time. That’s normal. What matters most is staying engaged and open to support, even when your path looks different than someone else’s.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you or your loved one are thinking about treatment, you don’t have to figure it all out alone. Rehab admissions advisors are usually happy to walk you through your options and help you find a level of care that fits your individual needs.

Use Recovery.com to explore treatment centers near you. You can compare programs, read about their services, and reach out directly.

The right kind of support is out there—you just have to ask for it.

FAQs

Q: What are the levels of care in addiction treatment?

A: Levels of care in addiction treatment include medical detox, inpatient or residential rehab, partial hospitalization programs (PHP), intensive outpatient programs (IOP), sober living, individual therapy, and virtual or telehealth services.

Q: When do you need inpatient treatment?

A: Inpatient addiction treatment is best when you need 24/7 support, can’t stay sober on your own, or are dealing with complex mental health or medical issues.

Q: How does outpatient substance use treatment work?

A: Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) offer therapy and support on a set schedule—often a few times a week—so you can keep living at home while receiving a high level of therapy and support.

Q: Who needs residential treatment?

A: Residential care is ideal for people who need structure, distance from triggers, or support for a co-occurring substance use disorder and mental health condition.

Q: How long do you need to be in outpatient treatment?

A: It varies. Some people stay for a few weeks while others find long-term support helpful. Your treatment team can help you determine your timeline based on your needs and healing progress.

Q: How do I choose the right level of care for my treatment needs?

A: Your treatment provider can help you determine what level of care you need via an intake assessment. How much support you need will likely depend on your daily functioning, withdrawal risk, mental health, and living environment. When it comes to addiction and mental health treatment, your safety and well-being come first.

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How Do You Help Someone With an Addiction? 8 Actionable Steps to Support Recovery

Recognizing when a loved one is struggling with substance use can be confusing, heartbreaking, and overwhelming. You may feel desperate to help, but unsure of how to do so without enabling their behavior or pushing them away. 

Fortunately, with patience, compassion, information, and evidence-based strategies, it’s possible to support someone through the recovery process.

1. Recognize the Signs of Addiction in Others

Addiction isn’t always obvious. While some people display clear warning signs, others—especially people with high-functioning addiction—may mask their struggles with problematic drug use or addiction behind a facade of normalcy.

Common signs of addiction1 include:

  • Behavioral red flags: Secrecy, denial, impulsivity, lying, or missing obligations
  • Emotional signs: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or depression
  • Physical indicators: Weight changes, bloodshot eyes, slurred speech, or poor hygiene

In people with high-functioning addiction,2 drug or alcohol use may remain hidden due to career success or social engagement. However, you might still notice subtle patterns related to behavioral health like isolation, frequent “bad days,” or noticeable shifts in demeanor. Many also exhibit a cycle of justification, denial, or defensiveness.

For children or young adults,3 these common signs can also include changes in friend groups, a decrease in participation in school functions or extracurriculars, or changes in grades and academic performance.

Two people walking together with one holding a flashlight that creates a beam of light on the path ahead, illustrating supportive companionship in addiction recovery

2. Understand There Is a Why Behind Substance Use

People don’t usually turn to drugs or alcohol just because they’re bored, they use substances to cope with pain, trauma, or emotional overwhelm. Addiction often starts as a form of control of a seemingly uncontrollable situation. 

Substances may offer short-term relief from anxiety, depression, loneliness, or past wounds. In the beginning, the ability to change how you feel with a drink or a pill can seem empowering. But over time, that temporary sense of control, however, can turn into dependency and eventually, loss of control.

Understanding this doesn’t mean you’re excusing the behavior, but it does help you meet your loved one with greater compassion. It shifts the conversation from:

  • “Why don’t you just stop?” to “What are you trying to escape or manage?” 
  • “What’s wrong with you?” to “What happened?”

Most people with substance use disorder are carrying deep emotional burdens. Recognizing the underlying why behind their substance use can guide more effective, empathetic support and help you focus not just on the behavior or coping mechanism,4 but the pain beneath it.

3. Educate Yourself About the Science of Addiction

Addiction may not have a one-size-fits-all cure, but with the right knowledge and support, you can be better prepared to support a loved one. One of the most empowering steps you can take is to understand what addiction really is.

Addiction is a chronic brain disease,5 not a moral failing or a lack of willpower. Long-term substance use changes how the brain communicates, especially in areas related to reward, decision-making, and impulse control. This disruption often stems from changes in neurotransmitters like dopamine, which plays a major role in pleasure and motivation.

At first, for your loved one, using substances may feel like a choice, but over time, the brain rewires itself, increasing tolerance and craving while decreasing natural dopamine production. That’s when people often feel “trapped”—not weak, but physically and mentally hooked.

Understanding these biological realities6 helps reduce blame and increases compassion. It also reminds us that support, grace, and education are crucial parts of the healing process.

Infographic showing 5 steps to support a loved one through addiction: 1) Educate yourself, 2) Choose the right moment, 3) Express concern, 4) Offer options not ultimatums, 5) Take care of yourself too. Includes illustration of two people embracing in support.

4. Learn the Dos and Don’ts of Supporting Someone in Addiction

Loving someone with an addiction requires empathy, education, and strong boundaries. You might be feeling helpless, but there are things you can do. Here are some practical ways to offer support:

Do:

  • Listen with compassion. Let them talk openly and acknowledge what they’re feeling without judgment.
  • Set healthy boundaries. Set clear limits around what you’re able to offer and follow through.
  • Learn about addiction and recovery. Understanding substance use, withdrawal, and treatment options can help you support them better.
  • Celebrate progress. Encourage small steps forward and remind them that change takes time.

Don’t

  • Don’t enable or protect them from consequences. Covering up, making excuses, or giving money can unintentionally prolong the problem.
  • Don’t give ultimatums before they’re ready. Lasting change usually starts with internal motivation, not outside pressure.
  • Don’t blame yourself. Their choices are not your fault, even when it’s hard to watch.
  • Don’t expect them to quit cold turkey. Sudden withdrawal from substances like alcohol or benzodiazepines can cause death without medical support.

Supporting someone who’s struggling with addiction7 can be emotionally draining. It’s important to keep in mind that you matter, too. It’s important to care for your own heart and well-being as you walk alongside your loved one.

You won’t be able to fix everything and that’s okay. Healing is a long road, and it’s not your job to carry it all.

Set boundaries that protect your peace. If a conversation becomes too intense, give yourself permission to step away. A simple pause can make space for clarity, calm, and compassion. Come back when you’re ready with a clearer mind and a softer heart.

And remember: you don’t have to be involved in every part of their journey. Showing up consistently in small, healthy ways often speaks louder than trying to do it all.

Infographic comparing enabling vs. supporting someone with addiction. Enabling behaviors include giving money, ignoring warning signs, taking on their obligations, and making excuses. Supporting behaviors include encouraging treatment, listening with empathy, setting healthy boundaries, and celebrating recovery wins.

5. Understand How to Talk to Someone About Their Addiction

Confronting someone about their substance use is difficult, but it can also be a turning point. To have the best outcome, choose a calm, private setting and use non-threatening language.

Pam Lanhart, Founder and Director of Thrive Family Recovery Services shares:

First, we need to listen to our loved ones well and listen for language that might indicate that they are getting tired of the way things are. Then we validate that and ask them what it might look like to do something different. ‘What step do you think you might be able to take to move forward?’

We need to be patient and let them feel like they have agency in these decisions.  Walking with them while they figure things out is critical. And of course, we can’t do that if we don’t have boundaries. I love language such as ‘say more about that,’ or ‘Can you tell me more?’ or ‘I’m trying to understand. Can you explain?’ Just listen and be curious because they know what they need and will often come to the conclusion themselves.

Here are a few brief conversation tips that can help you as you communicate with your loved one who may be struggling with an addiction.

Conversation Tips

  • Start with an “I” statement: “I’ve noticed you seem stressed lately, and I’m worried about you.”
  • Express concern, not control: “I care about your well-being and want to help.”
  • Avoid labels like “addict” or “junkie,” which can cause shame or defensiveness.

Timing matters. Choose a moment when they’re sober and not in a state of crisis or withdrawal.

6. Decide When and How to Encourage Treatment

Suggesting treatment should be a compassionate invitation, not a demand. If the person is open to help, present options like:

  • Speaking with a mental health professional or healthcare provider
  • Considering inpatient or outpatient addiction treatment programs
  • Exploring evidence-based options such as behavioral therapy, medication-assisted treatment, detox, or other types of medical treatment
  • Encouraging holistic wellness and recovery support services

It’s normal for people to resist the idea at first. Ambivalence doesn’t mean they’re not willing—it often means they’re afraid or unsure of what recovery entails.

How do people change? Over time. With stops and starts, along a crooked line. With practice. With ambivalence. More often than not, without formal help. When the trade-offs seem worth it. With a little help—sometimes a lot of help—from friends and family. With anguish. With effort. With joy.

― Jeffrey Foote, PhD., Beyond Addiction: How Science and Kindness Help People Change8

7. Know What to Do if They Refuse Help

Refusal doesn’t mean you should give up. Harm reduction strategies9 can keep your loved one safer, sometimes easing cravings, while leaving the door open for change:

  • Encourage safer practices (like not mixing substances and using clean supplies)
  • Stay emotionally available without enabling
  • Know your limits and take care of yourself

You might need to seek your own mental health support or attend family therapy to cope with feelings of guilt, anger, or helplessness. That’s okay. Recognizing that addiction impacts the entire family and not just the person struggling is key to a healthy recovery journey for everyone.

8. Get Familiar With Resources for Families and Friends

Support services exist for those affected by a loved one’s addiction.10 You are not alone.

  • Al-Anon and Nar-Anon: Peer-led groups for family and friends
  • SMART Recovery Family & Friends: Offers tools based on cognitive behavioral therapy
  • SAMHSA resources that define and discuss recovery principles and supports
  • Books and podcasts that explore addiction and family dynamics
  • Helplines that provide 24/7 support
  • Therapy with a mental health professional familiar with substance use disorders

Helping someone with drug use, drug addiction, or alcohol use isn’t about fixing them—it’s about walking beside them, with compassion and hope. Whether they’re seeking professional help or resisting treatment options, your role matters. Take steps to protect your own well-being, stay informed, and know that recovery is possible for your family member—even when the road is long.

Connect With Professional Support

Ready to connect your loved one with professional help? Find qualified addiction treatment programs in your area that offer personalized care and proven recovery methods.

FAQs

Q: What should you not say to someone who has an addiction?

A: Avoid blaming, shaming, or using stigmatizing terms like “junkie” or “addict” when talking to or about your family member.  Phrases like “just stop” or “you’re ruining everything” often shut down communication. Focus instead on expressing care and concern while encouraging effective treatment options.

Q: How can I help without enabling?

A: Helping without enabling means supporting their recovery, not their addiction. Avoid giving money, covering up consequences, or making excuses. Instead, offer emotional support, resources, and healthy boundaries.

Q: What are some ways to help people who are suffering from addiction?

A: You can help by listening without judgment, offering treatment options, and encouraging small steps toward change. Support groups, harm reduction strategies, and family therapy can also make a difference.

Q: What is substance use disorder (SUD)?

A: A substance use disorder is a medical condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to use drugs or alcohol despite negative consequences. It affects brain function and behavior and often requires comprehensive treatment.

Q: How do I get a loved one to admit they have a problem?

A: Use “I” statements to express concern, avoid confrontational language, and choose a calm moment to talk. Understand that denial is common and change takes time.

Q: How do I know if someone needs help for their drug or alcohol use?

A: Warning signs of alcohol addiction or other drug abuse include neglecting responsibilities, changes in mood or behavior, secrecy, physical deterioration, and an inability to stop despite consequences. A professional assessment can clarify their needs.

Q: Is there a good way to convey addiction concerns to a family member or friend?

A: Yes. Speak from a place of compassion using statements like, “I’ve noticed some changes and I’m worried.” Choose a quiet time, avoid judgment, and be prepared for resistance.

Q: Are you covered for addiction treatment?

A: Many insurance plans cover addiction treatment, including inpatient, outpatient, and therapy options. Check with your insurance provider or rehab admission team for guidance on available coverage.

Q: What are effective ways to support someone in recovery from addiction?

A: Offer encouragement, celebrate milestones, be patient during setbacks, and avoid substances around them. Attending support groups together and staying informed can strengthen your role in their recovery. Encouraging effective treatment plans that address not only substance use, but also co-occurring mental health conditions, is important.

Q: What steps can I take to support someone seeking addiction recovery?

A: Help research treatment options, provide transportation or childcare if needed, and support attendance in therapy or peer groups. Remind them that recovery is a journey, not a destination.

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Gabbie Egan’s Journey Through Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol and Marijuana Addiction Recovery

Gabbie Egan’s story is a powerful and candid exploration of the interconnectedness of mental health and substance use. Her journey, marked by early exposure to drugs and alcohol, a teenage pregnancy, and an eventual diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, offers a deeply personal insight into the complexities of recovery. Gabbie’s unflinching honesty about her struggles and triumphs serves as a beacon of hope, demonstrating that even through multiple setbacks, sustained effort can lead to profound healing and self-acceptance.

The Early Seeds of Struggle: Childhood and Adolescent Experiences

Gabbie’s introduction to substance use began at a remarkably young age, rooted in a combination of environmental factors and personal vulnerabilities. Growing up in a part of North Carolina with limited recreational outlets, drug and alcohol use became a prevalent coping mechanism among her peers. “I’m from a part of North Carolina where it’s like there’s nothing to do,” Gabbie recounts, “And so the only thing that people are really doing to keep themselves occupied is like getting messed up.”

Her home environment, while loving, also contributed to a sense of unmonitored freedom. With parents deeply engrossed in their careers, Gabbie, an only child, was often left to her “own devices.” This lack of direct parental supervision, combined with a pre-existing sadness, created fertile ground for experimentation. She began with cough medicine in sixth grade, quickly escalating to marijuana and prescription pills like Vicodin by the age of 11 or 12. This early exposure to various substances at such a formative age significantly shaped her developing brain and laid the groundwork for future struggles.

Beyond the external influences, Gabbie also grappled with internal battles. She describes herself as “a very sad kid” who experienced bullying and felt she never truly fit in. Her expulsion from Christian school in sixth grade after piercing her belly button further isolated her and plunged her into an environment where she was “in a pretty low place ever since I was a child.” Her mother, a loving but misguided figure, dismissed her emotional struggles, attributing them to a lack of gratitude or a “made-up” mental illness. This invalidation of her feelings compounded Gabbie’s internal turmoil and prevented her from seeking the help she desperately needed. As Gabbie poignantly shares, “My mom doesn’t believe in mental illness. And so that’s tough because then, yeah.”

The Unveiling of Bipolar Disorder: A Diagnosis and a Family Legacy

The first hint of Gabbie’s underlying mental health condition emerged at 16, following a severe alcohol-related incident. After blacking out and requiring a stomach pump, she was court-ordered to see a mental health specialist. It was during this session that a therapist suggested she might have bipolar I disorder. The therapist explained that bipolar I is characterized by “high highs of extreme mania and then extremely low lows that last and extended like a certain amount of time.” This explanation deeply resonated with Gabbie, as it accurately described her volatile emotional landscape. “I’m either extremely low, like, you know, on the verge of like wanting to literally end my life or, um, you know, extremely high thinking, I am Jesus, you know?” she candidly admits.

Despite this crucial insight, her mother’s continued denial of mental illness led Gabbie to dismiss the diagnosis at the time. “My mom’s like, this is just how they get you in the system. They’re trying to medicate you,” Gabbie recalls. This dismissal, coupled with a lack of proper follow-up, meant that Gabbie continued to navigate her life unmedicated and without professional support for her burgeoning mental health challenges.

Years later, a more definitive diagnosis of bipolar I disorder would come after another significant incident in Las Vegas. During what she believes was a manic episode, Gabbie experienced a blackout and woke up in jail in a straightjacket, unable to recall the events that led her there. This terrifying experience, combined with the intense public scrutiny and hate she received online, propelled her to seek help on her own terms. It was through this process that she received an official diagnosis and began to truly understand the nature of her condition.

This second, undeniable encounter with her diagnosis allowed her to confront the reality of her mental health, a reality her grandmother had hinted at, revealing a family history of untreated mental illness. “I had went to my grandmother, who I’m really close with, and I had told her and she said, I think that that’s what my mom had,” Gabbie shares, adding, “My grandmother’s mom actually ended up jumping off of a bridge or off of a building in France when she was growing up and committed suicide because she had so many untreated mental health conditions.” This generational understanding provided a crucial piece of the puzzle, helping Gabbie contextualize her own struggles and recognize that her experiences were not merely “crazy” but rooted in a legitimate medical condition.

Explore bipolar disorder treatment options.

The Intertwined Paths of Substance Use and Mental Health

Gabbie’s narrative vividly illustrates the intricate relationship between substance use and mental health. Her early experimentation with drugs and alcohol served as a form of self-medication for her untreated depression and the chaotic emotional swings of undiagnosed bipolar disorder. The substances provided a temporary escape from the pain, isolation, and overwhelming feelings she couldn’t articulate or understand.

Her pregnancy at 13, giving birth just before turning 14, further intensified her struggles. As a teen mom, Gabbie faced immense pressure and isolation. She juggled high school, childcare, and the emotional burden of being an outcast among her peers. While she excelled as a mother to her son, other aspects of her life crumbled. “Everything else in my life would be completely falling apart. And every aspect. I was a horrible friend. I was a horrible partner. I was a horrible daughter to my parents. Just ’cause I was just like so just like in the trenches, but I was a great mom to my son,” she reflects.

During periods when her son was with his grandparents, Gabbie would resort to heavy drinking, often to the point of blacking out. These episodes were a desperate attempt to cope with the immense emotional distress and the deep void she felt. The incident at 16, where she was found unconscious and her stomach pumped, was a direct consequence of this self-destructive pattern.

Even joining the military at 17, an attempt to “fix” herself, didn’t provide the escape she hoped for. “Substance abuse just followed me into the military,” she admits. Her ability to function, even at the height of her addiction, is a testament to the high-functioning nature often seen in individuals with underlying mental health conditions. She graduated high school a year early, maintaining her academic responsibilities while engaging in significant substance abuse. “People don’t think that you can be functioning, but you can, you can do everything that you’re supposed to be doing and you can show up in every single way,” Gabbie emphasizes, recounting how she would complete school papers while “tripping balls” on acid. This period underscores the dangerous dance between her mental health challenges and her substance use, where each exacerbated the other, creating a vicious cycle.

Navigating Mania and Depression: The Bipolar Experience

Gabbie’s account of living with bipolar I disorder provides a raw and honest glimpse into the extremes of the condition. She describes her manic episodes as periods of intense energy and productivity, often accompanied by a feeling of invincibility. “I have all these ideas and I’m just like, I can stay up for days straight working on a project, a new project, a new business idea, a new something,” she explains. However, these highs are often accompanied by erratic and risky behaviors, including her two arrests, which she believes occurred during manic states. “The things that I have gotten myself into when I feel like I’m the hottest shit. I mean, I’ve gone to jail two times and I, I do believe that both of the times that I went to jail, I was like in a manic episode,” she reveals. During these manic phases, sleep becomes minimal or nonexistent, and she often reaches a state of “blackout” where she has no recollection of her actions.

The crash that follows these manic highs is equally debilitating. Gabbie describes it as a complete physical and emotional collapse, leaving her “completely debilitated.” The overwhelming feeling of paralysis, the inability to move forward with the projects started during mania, is a common experience for individuals with bipolar disorder. “It’s like now I’m halfway through all these projects and I have no energy for anything anymore, and I can’t do anything. And I just feel stuck,” she articulates, likening it to ADHD paralysis where the sheer volume of tasks leads to an inability to start any of them.

Gabbie’s journey with medication also highlights the complexities of treatment for bipolar disorder. While acknowledging that medication is beneficial for many, she shares her personal struggles with various prescriptions like Seroquel and Abilify. These medications, while addressing some symptoms, often left her feeling “like I wasn’t even human anymore,” turning her into a “zombie” or making her feel “boring.” This experience underscores the importance of individualized treatment plans and the ongoing search for the right balance between managing symptoms and maintaining a sense of self.

The Path to Recovery: Resilience, Acceptance, and Self-Worth

Despite the numerous setbacks and deep troughs of despair, Gabbie’s story is ultimately one of remarkable resilience and a profound journey toward self-acceptance. Her early and repeated failures in attempts at sobriety ultimately paved the way for a lasting recovery. “It doesn’t matter how many times you’re trying to recover, as long as you’re putting in the effort one day, it will stick if you really want it,” she advises, a testament to her own experience. She has learned to reframe failures not as endpoints, but as integral parts of her process, emphasizing that “you can fail a million times and still try again.”

Gabbie’s recovery extends beyond sobriety; it encompasses a deeper understanding and management of her bipolar disorder. She has learned to recognize the onset of her manic and depressive episodes, developing coping mechanisms to navigate them. This self-awareness allows her to mitigate the impact of the extreme highs and lows, recognizing when she needs to slow down or when she needs to push through the paralysis of depression by taking small, actionable steps.

Crucially, Gabbie has learned to distinguish between understanding her diagnosis and using it as an excuse for harmful behavior. While acknowledging that bipolar disorder explains certain aspects of her actions, she asserts, “it doesn’t excuse all my actions.” This mature perspective allows her to take accountability for her behavior while still working to manage her condition. She recognizes that the goal is not to eliminate the “crazy” but to “learn to manage that rather than make excuses for that.”

Today, Gabbie is a recovery advocate who openly shares her story, creating a space for others to find solace and understanding. She is a testament to the power of authentic vulnerability, demonstrating that healing is not about becoming a perfect version of oneself, but about embracing all facets of one’s experience. Her journey of “coming undone and rebuild[ing], to tell the truth out loud, and to never let go of your own becoming” serves as a powerful inspiration for anyone navigating the complexities of mental health and addiction recovery. Her story emphasizes that true recovery is a continuous process of learning, adapting, and ultimately, loving the person you are becoming, flaws and all.

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What Is a Partial Hospitalization Program? We Answer 5 Common Questions About Intensive Day Treatment

When you’re dealing with mental health challenges or addiction, figuring out what kind of help you need can feel confusing and overwhelming. Maybe you’ve tried regular therapy sessions once a week, but it doesn’t feel like enough. Or perhaps you’re worried that checking into a hospital means being away from home for weeks.

That’s where the partial hospitalization program (PHP) comes in. It’s designed for people who need more support than weekly therapy sessions can provide, but don’t require round-the-clock medical supervision. Think of it as a middle ground—you’ll receive intensive treatment during the day, but you still get to sleep in your own bed at night. 

Here’s everything you need to know about PHPs, from what to expect during treatment to whether this option might be right for you.

One quick note: You may see some programs called “high-intensity outpatient” instead of “partial hospitalization program.” The addiction medicine field updated their terminology in 2023 because these programs aren’t actually delivered in hospitals. It’s the same type of treatment. Throughout this article, we’ll use “PHP” since that’s the common term, but if you’re searching for programs, you might find them listed under either name.

Infographic explaining what a Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) is. It defines PHP as a structured program offering daytime care with no overnight stay, combining intensive support and daily therapy. Main services include group therapy, individual counseling, medication management, psychiatric support, life skills training, and family involvement. Illustrated with icons and an open door symbolizing access to treatment.

1. What Is the Purpose of Partial Hospitalization?

The purpose of partial hospitalization programs is to provide intensive, structured treatment for those with mental health and substance use disorders while allowing them to live at home and attend to their daily lives. PHPs bridge the gap between inpatient care and outpatient therapy,1 offering a higher level of support than traditional outpatient services without requiring full-time hospitalization.

These treatment programs focus on stabilizing patients, improving their daily functioning, and equipping them with coping strategies necessary for recovery. PHPs also emphasize family involvement, helping to strengthen the support networks that are vital to long-term recovery success.

2. What Can I Expect from a PHP Program?

A PHP provides a comprehensive range of health services2 designed to support people experiencing significant mental health challenges. Key components include:

  • Assessment and evaluation: You’ll undergo a thorough assessment of your mental health status, substance use history, and individual needs to create a tailored treatment plan.
  • Individual therapy: One-on-one psychotherapy sessions with a licensed mental health professional help you explore personal issues, develop coping strategies, and address specific challenges.
  • Group therapy: Structured group sessions facilitate peer support, allowing you to share experiences and learn from others through approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
  • Family therapy: Many programs include family members in the recovery process to improve communication and create a supportive home environment.
  • Medication management: If you’re prescribed psychiatric medications, your clinicians can evaluate and adjust your medication plan.
  • Psychoeducation: Educational sessions provide information about mental health conditions, coping strategies, and recovery resources.
  • Holistic therapies: Some PHPs incorporate complementary therapies like art therapy, music therapy, mindfulness practices, or yoga to enhance your comfort and well-being.
  • Crisis intervention: Programs teach strategies to help you manage acute symptoms and prevent future hospitalizations.
  • Discharge planning: Providers work with you to develop a relapse prevention and continuing care plan, including referrals to outpatient therapy and community resources.
Infographic showing two sample weekday schedules for a typical Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP). Both schedules run from 9 am to 3 pm and include check-in, group therapy, lunch, and wrap-up sessions. One schedule features psychoeducation, individual therapy, and life skills, while the other includes skills training, medication management, and experiential therapy. Visual elements include illustrated car keys to symbolize outpatient care.

3. Who Is a Good Candidate for a PHP?

You might be a good candidate for PHP3 if you meet several criteria:

  • Severity of symptoms: You have significant symptoms of a mental health disorder or substance use disorder that need more intensive treatment than a standard outpatient setting can provide. This can include factors like suicidal thoughts, severe mood swings, or uncontrolled substance abuse.
  • Functional impairment: You’re experiencing considerable difficulty in daily functioning—work, relationships, or self-care—due to mental health or addiction issues.
  • Previous treatment history: PHPs work well for people who haven’t responded adequately to outpatient treatment or need transition support after inpatient care.
  • Stabilization needs: You need help stabilizing symptoms to prevent hospitalization or relapse, but you’re not in immediate danger.
  • Treatment commitment: You’re willing and able to actively participate in daily sessions and therapeutic activities.

PHPs especially benefit people with severe mental health disorders like major depression or bipolar disorder, those with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders, people transitioning from inpatient care, and those who are at risk of hospitalization but not in immediate crisis.

Infographic titled “Signs PHP Could Be the Right Fit for You,” listing eight indicators that a Partial Hospitalization Program may be appropriate. These include: needing more than outpatient but less than inpatient care, wanting to sleep at home, outpatient therapy not being enough, needing structure without overnight stay, stepping down from inpatient care, needing support but remaining functional, and still struggling despite stability. Includes icons and an illustration of a person walking toward a treatment facility.

4. How Does PHP Compare to Other Treatment Options?

PHPs provide more comprehensive care than intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) but less restriction than inpatient treatment. Here’s how they compare:

PHP vs. Inpatient

A PHP allows you to return home each evening, while inpatient treatment requires 24/7 facility residence until you’re stable enough for a lower level of care.

PHP vs. Intensive Outpatient (IOP)

PHPs typically involve 3-6 hours of treatment daily, 5-7 days per week, while intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) usually offer 3-4 hours of treatment, 3-5 days per week. PHPs provide more intensive crisis intervention, while IOPs focus more on ongoing recovery skills.

This step-down approach often works well—you might start with PHP to stabilize your condition, then transition to IOP as you progress.

5. How Long Does PHP Treatment Last?

PHP duration varies significantly based on your treatment facility and your individual needs. Generally, programs last from several weeks to several months, with treatment offered 5-7 days per week for 3-6 hours daily.

Several factors influence length of stay: 

  • The severity of your condition
  • Your response to treatment
  • Specific treatment goals
  • The presence of co-occurring disorders

Those with more severe issues may need longer programs, while people who show rapid improvement might transition to outpatient care sooner.

Is a PHP the Middle Ground You Need?

Partial hospitalization programs offer intensive support while letting you maintain important connections to home and family. If you or your loved one are struggling with mental health challenges or addiction, PHP could be the structured pathway to recovery you’ve been looking for.

Don’t wait for things to get worse. Find a program in your area and speak with an admissions advisor today to see if PHP is right for you. 

FAQs

Q: Is transportation provided for PHP participants?

A: Many PHPs do not provide transportation, so participants are typically responsible for their own travel to and from the program. Some facilities may offer resources or referrals to assist with transportation options.

Q: Can I continue my medication while in a PHP?

A: Yes, PHPs often include medication management as part of the treatment plan. Participants can work with a psychiatrist or physician to evaluate and adjust their medications as needed throughout the program.

Q: What is the expected outcome of completing a PHP?

A: The goal of a PHP is to help you develop coping skills, stabilize your mental health, and prepare for a successful transition to outpatient care, ensuring you have the tools and support necessary for ongoing recovery.

Q: How can I find a suitable partial hospitalization program?

A: To find a PHP that fits your needs, consider speaking with a mental health professional, researching local facilities, or checking with your insurance provider for covered programs in your area.

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Roger’s Road to Recovery: 7+ Ways Hope Can Overpower Addiction

On this episode of the Giving Voice to Addiction Podcast, we sit down with Roger, a man who has not only navigated the treacherous waters of addiction but has emerged with a profound message of hope and resilience. Roger’s story is a testament to the human spirit’s capacity to overcome immense challenges, offering invaluable insights for anyone struggling with addiction or supporting a loved one through it.

1. The Overpowering Force of Hope: A Counter to Addiction’s Grip

Addiction often feels like an insurmountable force, an overpowering entity that leaves individuals feeling trapped and hopeless. However, Roger’s journey reveals a crucial truth: hope can be an even more potent force. For those entrenched in the depths of addiction, the very concept of hope can seem elusive, a forgotten dream. Yet, Roger, having lived through decades of active addiction and trauma, emphasizes its transformative power. He states, “It’s possible. It’s possible to find hope, and it’s possible that that hope can overpower everything that tries to stop us, and we can move towards the life that we’re trying to have.“

This isn’t a naive optimism but a hard-won conviction born from personal experience. Roger understands that addiction often leads to a sense of undeserving suffering, a belief that one is inherently flawed and destined for failure. He candidly shares his own past struggles with mental health and suicidal ideation, revealing that he once believed, “My addiction, my poor mental health, my time messing around with suicide. It’s a lie. I’m worth something. And for a long time I didn’t think I was.” This realization, that one’s worth is not diminished by addiction, is a cornerstone of true recovery.

The idea of standing “a millimeter taller” than one’s pain is a powerful metaphor Roger uses to illustrate the incremental victories in recovery. It signifies that even the smallest shift in perspective or effort can create a foothold, a spark of possibility that can ignite a larger transformation. This resonates deeply with the understanding that recovery is not a single event but a continuous process of small, deliberate steps.

2. Unpacking a Lifetime of Trauma and Addiction

Roger’s narrative is a stark reminder that addiction rarely exists in a vacuum. His story begins at a tender age, with his mother’s incarceration due to mental health issues when he was just four, followed by her subsequent homelessness. This early exposure to instability and profound loss laid a fertile ground for trauma. He began using drugs at 12, a rapid escalation from marijuana to speed, acid, and cocaine within a year. For Roger, drugs were initially a form of self-medication, a perceived source of comfort and safety in a chaotic world. He describes them as “my mother and my father all at the same time. It was comfort, nature, nurture. It was an escape. It was warm, especially when I started shooting heroin. It was warm, felt good. It was safe until it tried to kill me.“

The allure of drug dealing, though dangerous, provided a perverse sense of purpose and engagement that was otherwise lacking. This highlights how addiction can fulfill unmet needs, even in destructive ways. However, this illusion of safety and purpose eventually shattered. The constant threat of violence, including having a gun to his head multiple times, coupled with a cocaine overdose, signaled a turning point. The realization that his lifestyle was not only endangering himself but also his innocent family members became a powerful motivator for change. “Now I’m putting other people at risk,” he recalls, a clear indication that his addiction’s reach extended far beyond himself.

The journey to discontinue drug use was not immediate but a five-year “de-escalation,” starting with breaking free from the needle and gradually tapering off harder substances. This gradual process underscores that recovery is often a marathon, not a sprint, requiring sustained effort and commitment.

3. The Power of a Vision: Turning Point to Recovery

One of the most profound catalysts for Roger’s initial sobriety was a vivid dream of his own funeral, where he witnessed the devastation it wrought on his father and sister. This dream, coupled with a subsequent “day vision,” solidified his resolve to change. “I had a dream and the dream was my funeral. Then I looked around the funeral scene and I saw my dad and my middle sister, who I’m very close with, and they were just wrecked.” This powerful emotional experience transcended his love for being high, offering a clear and devastating consequence of continuing his path. It shifted his motivation from self-preservation to protecting those he loved.

This deeply personal turning point illustrates that while external pressures can play a role, true and lasting change often stems from an internal shift in values and priorities. Roger’s decision was not driven by a desire to simply stop using, but by a profound realization of the impact his addiction had on his loved ones.

After finally quitting drugs, Roger channeled his addictive tendencies into a new, healthier pursuit: professional mountain biking. While this brought its own set of challenges, including head injuries, it was a significantly less destructive path than his previous drug use. This demonstrates the concept of addiction transfer, where individuals in recovery might replace one addictive behavior with another. While not ideal, it can sometimes be a stepping stone towards healthier coping mechanisms, provided it doesn’t lead to equally destructive outcomes.

4. The Continuous Journey: Sobriety, Clean Time, and Recovery

Roger’s commitment to his recovery is evident in his meticulous counting of clean time: “36 years, one month, and four days.” This unwavering awareness of his sobriety date is not a burden but a source of strength, a tangible representation of his dedication. He explains, “I have to count the days. The days give me strength if I let myself go, I’d be dead tonight because if I’m gonna give up that time, I’m going all the way.” This highlights the ever-present temptation for those in recovery and the importance of recognizing the significant investment made in staying clean.

However, Roger’s journey also includes a relapse with alcohol after his first divorce, underscoring that recovery is not a linear path. Despite being clean from drugs for 15 years, the emotional devastation of his divorce led him to heavy alcohol use, consuming a fifth of tequila daily and later two to three bottles of wine. This period of alcohol abuse lasted five years. His experience demonstrates that past sobriety from one substance doesn’t grant immunity from addiction to others, especially during periods of intense emotional distress.

His eventual cessation of alcohol came after a work trip in Spain where he drank himself unconscious and missed a flight, followed by his second wife being hospitalized for alcohol poisoning. This dual crisis, coupled with the realization of the impact on their three young children, spurred him and his wife to quit drinking together. This collective decision highlights the power of shared commitment and accountability in recovery, especially when children are involved. Roger now differentiates between his “clean” time from drugs and his “sober” time from alcohol, emphasizing that true recovery encompasses addressing all addictive behaviors and underlying issues. He states, “I’m 14 years sober. 14 years, and 21 days, April 17th. So I count that too.”

5. Beyond Abstinence: The Essence of True Recovery

For Roger, being “clean” and “sober” is distinct from being “in recovery.” His past experience with suicidal ideation, even years after achieving drug sobriety, revealed that abstinence alone isn’t enough. He discovered that his suicidal thoughts were a side effect of antidepressant medication, emphasizing the complex interplay between mental health and substance use. Roger’s current recovery hinges on a structured life built on connection, engagement, and introspection. Living in a cabin in the woods without internet, cell service, or TV forces him to actively seek human connection. He elaborates, “I need structure. I need engagement. I need connection… I have to consciously get outta the house every day, or it puts me in trouble. But that connection is key for me and facing my truth.“

This active pursuit of connection and self-awareness through journaling, writing, and maintaining relationships with friends and family is central to his ongoing well-being. He also finds purpose in mentoring others, understanding that helping others strengthens his own resolve. This highlights the altruistic nature of recovery, where sharing one’s experience can create a virtuous cycle of support.

6. Understanding Addiction from the Family’s Perspective

Addiction’s ripple effect extends far beyond the individual, deeply impacting families who often grapple with immense pain, confusion, and a desperate desire to help. Roger offers crucial insights for families struggling to understand their loved one’s addiction. He emphasizes that judgmental attitudes towards behavior miss the underlying suffering. “For many people there is a mental health component that goes along with substance abuse. And more than anything, I think as a people, as humanity, we’re quick to judge the behavior. The behavior is the person people think. It’s not that person’s in trouble. That person’s hurting.“

This distinction between the person and their behavior is fundamental to fostering empathy and effective support. Roger advises families to “love the person no matter what” while simultaneously establishing healthy boundaries. He acknowledges the fine line between tough love and enabling, urging understanding that individuals, even in addiction, are often doing what they believe is best, however misguided it may seem.

Roger asserts that genuine change must come from within: “If we want to go to rehab, we have to want to go to rehab. If we want to quit, we have to want to quit.” This speaks to the limitations of external pressure and the necessity of internal motivation. His personal experience of his mother’s homelessness serves as a poignant example of how societal judgment can dehumanize individuals struggling with addiction and mental illness, reminding us that “that’s somebody’s mother. That’s somebody’s sister. That’s somebody’s kid.”

7. The Role of Support and the Evolution of Treatment

While Roger’s journey was largely self-directed due to the limited resources available at the time, he acknowledges the critical role support plays. He recalls how two close friends intervened when he was desperate to quit the needle, physically preventing him from using and offering unwavering support. “I just told ’em, this is my life and this is how I’m gonna die. I was crying and they said, well, we’re gonna help you.” This demonstrates the profound impact of genuine care and intervention when an individual is ready to receive it. His move to Colorado, away from the triggers of Baltimore, also provided a crucial “break” from his active addiction.

Roger’s early attempt to seek professional help was met with a devastating response: “What’s your insurance? I don’t have any. And they’re like, sorry, we can’t help you.” This highlights the significant barriers to treatment that existed in the past, particularly for those without financial means. It underscores the vital progress made in the addiction treatment landscape, with increased access to resources like harm reduction strategies, needle exchange programs, and a greater emphasis on integrated care for co-occurring mental health disorders. While Roger didn’t attend his first 12-Step meeting until six years ago, he now recognizes their immense value: “They are helpful ’cause it’s a community that you don’t find elsewhere. You need people that can accept you as you are.”

8. Roger’s Enduring Message of Possibility

Roger’s ultimate message is one of unwavering hope and the boundless possibilities of change. He implores anyone struggling to believe in the potential for a different future: “It is possible. It’s possible for something else. It’s possible for change. Change is actually a given.” He challenges the ingrained cynicism and self-deprecating labels that often accompany addiction, such as “loser, low life piece of shit, junky, alcoholic, dropout.” Roger powerfully asserts, “No matter our worst behavior, we’re more than that. We can be anything we wanna be. We can start over every single morning.”

His call to action is simple yet profound: “Just get started. Try to try start there.” This emphasis on taking the first, often daunting, step resonates with anyone facing a significant challenge. Roger’s journey from a childhood marred by trauma and a devastating 13-year drug addiction to a life of profound purpose and continuous recovery is a powerful testament to the fact that even in the darkest moments, possibility exists.

Roger’s story is a beacon of hope for countless individuals. It underscores that recovery is a complex, non-linear journey often intertwined with trauma and mental health challenges. Yet, with internal motivation, external support, and an unwavering belief in the possibility of change, individuals can not only overcome addiction but also build lives of purpose and profound meaning. His message is a powerful reminder that “you’re beautiful. I love you, and you can do it. I know it. Absolutely know it. ‘Cause it is possible.”

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Inpatient vs. Outpatient Care: How to Choose the Right Path for Treatment

Navigating the healthcare system can be overwhelming, especially when determining what type of care is best for you or a loved one. One of the most common distinctions you’ll encounter is between inpatient and outpatient care. Understanding the differences, benefits, and limitations of each can help you make an informed decision when seeking medical treatment or mental health support.

What’s the Main Difference Between Inpatient and Outpatient Care?

The main difference between inpatient vs. outpatient care1 lies in the need for an overnight stay. In inpatient treatment, patients are admitted to a hospital facility and remain under continuous medical supervision. This is typically required when a person needs more intensive medical care or mental health treatment.

In contrast, outpatient care involves treatment that does not require an overnight hospital stay. Patients visit a doctor’s office, clinic, or outpatient facility for procedures, therapy sessions, or evaluations and return home the same day.

Individuals and families can choose the best type of care2 for their needs and preferences. 

NAMI shares that:

Mental health treatment can be thought of as a continuum, with patients moving up or down in levels of care3 as needed.

Infographic comparing inpatient vs. outpatient treatment. Inpatient treatment offers 24/7 residential care for serious conditions, with costs ranging from $15,000 to $40,000 per month and requires a full-time commitment. Outpatient treatment provides part-time care for stable conditions, costing $1,000 to $5,000 per month, with scheduled visits only. Visual meter icons and color-coded time and cost bars illustrate the differences.

What Is Inpatient Care?

Inpatient care4 refers to any treatment or medical procedure that requires a person to be admitted to a hospital or care facility. This type of care is often reserved for serious or complex health conditions that need close monitoring by medical professionals. Patients undergoing major surgery, treatment for a heart attack, or severe mental health disorders typically receive inpatient care. During a hospital stay, the patient has access to round-the-clock medical staff, including nurses, doctors, and specialists, ensuring a high level of care.

Inpatient care is often necessary when a person requires stabilization, intensive care, or specialized interventions that cannot be safely provided on an outpatient basis. Facilities offering inpatient services include hospitals, psychiatric centers, and substance abuse treatment centers.

What Are Some Examples of Inpatient Care?

Examples of inpatient treatment include:

  • Emergency surgeries and complications
  • Treatment for substance use disorders in residential rehab
  • Psychiatric hospitalization for severe mental health conditions like depressive disorders5 or other conditions
  • Care following a heart attack or stroke
  • Complex surgeries requiring postoperative monitoring
  • Stabilization for high-risk pregnancies

These services take place in inpatient facilities like hospitals, behavioral health centers, or residential treatment programs.

Infographic illustrating example diagnoses for inpatient vs. outpatient care. Inpatient treatment diagnoses include major depressive disorder, alcohol withdrawal, schizophrenia, and severe anorexia—conditions requiring intensive, 24/7 care. Outpatient treatment diagnoses include generalized anxiety, bipolar II disorder, OCD, and moderate gambling addiction—conditions suitable for scheduled, part-time treatment. Icons and hospital graphics visually reinforce the distinction.

What Is Outpatient Care?

Outpatient care,6 also called ambulatory care,7 involves medical services that do not require a hospital stay. These include checkups, consultations, diagnostic tests such as CT scans, MRIs, x-rays, mammograms, and lab tests, as well as minor surgeries, colonoscopy, and outpatient mental health treatment.

Outpatient services are typically less intensive and more cost-effective than inpatient options. They can be provided in a variety of settings including doctor’s offices, community health clinics, and outpatient programs within larger healthcare systems. Outpatient care is especially beneficial for individuals who have a stable support system at home and don’t require 24/7 medical supervision.

What Are Some Examples of Outpatient Care?

Examples of outpatient services include:

  • Routine checkups and screenings
  • Outpatient surgery like hernia repair or cataract removal
  • Lab tests, x-rays, and MRIs
  • Therapy sessions and mental health treatment
  • Follow-up visits after hospitalization
  • Treatment programs for mild substance abuse issues
  • Follow-up care after acute psychiatric condition8

These services help manage health issues without requiring patients to stay in a hospital overnight.

Infographic listing signs that inpatient treatment may be necessary instead of outpatient care. Indicators include active suicidal thoughts, uncontrollable substance use, dangerous withdrawal symptoms, psychosis or hallucinations, neglecting basic human needs, frequent recent relapses, and an unsafe or unstable living environment. Visual icons and a figure holding an SOS flag highlight crisis conditions requiring 24/7 residential support.

What Determines if You Need Inpatient vs. Outpatient Care?

St. George’s University School of Medicine shares that there may be a “gray area” when it comes to determining if inpatient or outpatient care is needed,9 but treatment and other medical providers can help.

“While there’s a clear difference between an inpatient and an outpatient, there is a little bit of gray area as well. Occasionally, physicians will assign a patient observation status while they determine whether hospitalization is required. This period typically lasts for no more than 24 hours.”

Several factors influence whether a patient needs inpatient or outpatient care:

  • Severity of the condition: Life-threatening or complex conditions often require inpatient care.
  • Type of treatment: Procedures that require intensive monitoring or specialized support usually involve hospitalization.
  • Mental health needs: Acute mental health disorders or crises may necessitate inpatient stabilization.
  • Recovery and support: Those without a safe home environment may benefit from the structured setting of an inpatient facility.
  • Recommendations from healthcare providers: Ultimately, medical professionals will assess and recommend the best type of care based on your specific needs.

What Are the Costs for Outpatient vs. Inpatient?

In general, inpatient care is significantly more expensive than outpatient care due to the costs associated with a hospital stay, including meals, facility use, and continuous medical supervision. Outpatient treatment10 is usually more affordable, especially for routine or preventive care. That said, the total cost of either option depends on:

  • Type of treatment or procedure
  • Length of hospital stay
  • Facility and provider fees
  • Diagnostic or imaging services (e.g., CT scans, mammograms)
  • Insurance coverage and co-pays

Do You Have Coverage for Inpatient vs. Outpatient Health Care?

Most health insurance plans provide some level of coverage for both inpatient and outpatient care, but the details can vary. It’s important to:

  • Check your plan’s insurance coverage for both inpatient programs and outpatient programs
  • Understand your deductible, co-pay, and out-of-pocket maximums
  • Get pre-authorization when required, especially for inpatient treatment

Many insurance providers categorize care based on medical necessity and type of treatment, so having a clear diagnosis and documented provider recommendation is essential. Some plans offer more generous coverage for preventive health services, like screenings and wellness checkups, which are typically done on an outpatient basis.

Understanding the difference between inpatient and outpatient care is crucial for making the right treatment decisions.

Each offers distinct benefits, and your choice should be guided by the severity of your health condition, the type of care required, and guidance from trusted healthcare providers. There may also be situations or conditions that benefit from an inpatient to outpatient transition.11

Whether you’re facing a medical emergency, managing chronic illness, or navigating mental health challenges, knowing your options can help you choose the right path to recovery.

FAQs

Q: What’s the difference between inpatient and outpatient?


A: Inpatient care requires a patient to stay overnight in a hospital or treatment facility, often for serious conditions needing close monitoring. Outpatient care involves treatment or services—like consultations, tests, or minor procedures—without an overnight stay.

Q: What is an example of an inpatient setting?


A: Inpatient settings include hospitals, psychiatric units, residential treatment centers, and rehabilitation facilities where patients are admitted for round-the-clock medical supervision.

Q: What counts as an outpatient?


A: An outpatient is a patient who receives medical care—such as a checkup, diagnostic imaging, or therapy session—without being admitted to a hospital or staying overnight.

Q: How many hours is considered inpatient?


A: While there’s no strict hourly definition, a patient is typically considered inpatient once they are formally admitted to the hospital and stay for at least one night under medical supervision.

Q: What is outpatient care?


A: Outpatient care refers to medical services that don’t require a hospital stay. It includes doctor visits, lab tests, outpatient surgeries, and mental health therapy.

Q: What are some examples of inpatient care?


A: Examples include emergency surgery, treatment for heart attacks, psychiatric hospitalization, and inpatient substance use rehab programs.

Q: What is Outpatient Mental Health Care?


A: Outpatient mental health care involves therapy, counseling, medication management, or group programs where patients return home after each session.

Q: When does someone need inpatient mental health care?


A: Inpatient mental health care is necessary when a person is in crisis, at risk of harming themselves or others, or needs intensive treatment and supervision not possible at home.

Q: Do you need inpatient or outpatient mental health treatments?


A: It depends on symptom severity, safety risks, support systems, and provider recommendations. Many start with outpatient care and may transition to inpatient if symptoms escalate.

Q: Is there a difference between inpatient vs outpatient surgery?


A: Yes. Inpatient surgery requires hospitalization for monitoring and recovery, while outpatient surgery (also called same-day surgery) allows patients to return home post-procedure.

Q: How do costs compare between inpatient and outpatient care?


A: Inpatient care is generally more expensive due to hospital stays, staffing, and intensive services. Outpatient care is usually more affordable and cost-effective for routine treatments.

Q: What are the benefits of outpatient treatment compared to inpatient care?


A: Outpatient treatment allows for greater flexibility, lower cost, continued daily life activities, and is ideal for stable conditions not requiring 24/7 monitoring.

Q: What factors determine whether a procedure is inpatient or outpatient?


A: Key factors include the complexity of the procedure, patient health status, need for anesthesia or monitoring, provider recommendations, and insurance policies.

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Ibogaine Treatment for Addiction: 4 Struggles It Transforms

When you first enter recovery, it can be daunting to consider the road ahead. Especially after drug or alcohol addiction, which is based on instant gratification, you may be concerned about the slow rhythm of sustainable change. Some people find it helpful to kickstart this process using ibogaine-assisted therapy.

Ibogaine is an alternative medicine, often administered in a short-term retreat setting. While it’s not readily available in the U.S., patients travel to treatment centers around the world to seek it out. If ibogaine is right for you, it could certainly be worth the trip. 

This plant medicine experience is extremely different from most other forms of treatment.

Infographic titled

What Is Ibogaine?

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid, found in a West African shrub called tabernanthe iboga. In small doses, it’s a mild stimulant. In large doses, it can produce a dreamlike psychoactive state. This medicine has a long history, and has historically been used in healing and initiation ceremonies by members of the Bwiti religion.

The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is exploring ibogaine as a potential treatment for drug abuse, especially opiate addiction.1 According to their experts, 

People with problematic substance use have found that larger doses of ibogaine can significantly reduce withdrawal from opiates and temporarily eliminate substance-related cravings.

Experts found that ibogaine can have both psychological and physiological benefits. Treatment centers sometimes administer it at the beginning of a patient’s detox process because it “diminishes opioid withdrawal symptoms and reduces drug cravings.”2 Research shows that ibogaine and its analogs “potently promote neuronal growth,” and produce “antidepressant-like behavioural responses.” This makes it potentially beneficial for patients with a variety of mental health diagnoses.

Infographic comparing the benefits and risks of ibogaine treatment. Benefits include reduced withdrawal symptoms, interruption of addictive patterns, increased neuroplasticity, improved emotional insight, and support for depression and PTSD. Risks listed include cardiac complications, nausea and tremors, severe psychological distress, lack of FDA approval in the U.S., and potential fatality if used unsafely. Design features icons and a balanced layout from Recovery.com.

Uses of Ibogaine

This versatile treatment is often useful for patients at the beginning of their recovery process. According to Álvaro de Ferranti, Founder of Tabula Rasa Retreat, ibogaine can be used to treat a range of conditions, or even as a preventative measure:  

Ibogaine is known to arrest cravings and addictions to stimulants such as crack cocaine and meth. It can also help people with dual disorders, mental disorders, and people who simply want to enhance their life spiritually and find answers and come back to self-love.

Let’s look at how ibogaine helps with different types of drug addiction and mental health issues.

Infographic titled “What to Likely Expect During the Ibogaine Experience,” outlining four phases over 72 hours: Phase 1 (Onset, 0–1 hours) with nausea and heaviness; Phase 2 (Intense, 1–6 hours) with dreamlike visions and emotional depth; Phase 3 (Processing, 6–24 hours) with reflection and emotional release; and Phase 4 (Integration, 24–72 hours) as clarity returns and healing begins. Includes icons and brain imagery

1. Ibogaine for Opioid Addiction: Breaking Free from Physical Dependence

In the Western world, this treatment is best known for its effect on recovery from opiate addiction. It alleviates most withdrawal symptoms, making detoxification faster and less uncomfortable. Patients also experience long-term benefits.

In one study by MAPS, 

Results showed the most improvement in drug use at one month with 50% of participants reporting no opioid use during the previous 30 days. Ibogaine was associated with substantial reductions in opioid withdrawal symptoms3 and drug use in participants and may provide a useful prototype for development of innovative pharmacotherapy of addiction.

Ferranti claims that “Ibogaine takes away heroin withdrawals instantly.” It’s important to note, however, that people detoxing from alcohol, benzodiazepine, or opioid dependence should seek medical advice and taper off of these substances under qualified medical supervision before beginning this treatment. 

Make sure to talk to the providers at your treatment center about your medical history to avoid any serious side effects.

2. Ibogaine for Cocaine and Stimulant Addiction: Reducing Cravings and Relapse Risk

According to the team of providers at Iboga Quest in Mexico, “cocaine addiction appears to respond very well to ibogaine treatment4 when coupled with proper preparation and after-care.” This finding aligns with preliminary data from formal research.

In one observational study, subjects who had been treated for “cocaine dependence, almost none of whom used opioids, reported a median relapse-free interval of 5.5 months following single doses of ibogaine.”5 Ibogaine’s influence on the risk of relapse may be due to its other psychological benefits.

Another study6 focused on people in recovery from cocaine addiction found that,

Patients benefited from the treatment in all the secondary outcomes, reporting decreases in craving and improvements in personal relationships, quality of life, and self-efficacy, thus supporting existing notions that treatments combining ibogaine and psychotherapy do have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of substance use disorders.

3. Ibogaine for PTSD: Rewiring the Brain After Trauma

Many people in recovery have co-occurring disorders, meaning they have both substance use disorders and additional mental health diagnoses. In this case, it’s quite common for patients to have PTSD. This condition has a complex relationship with substances: Some people turn to substances to self-medicate its symptoms, and others develop PTSD due to experiences they have while using substances.

The use of ibogaine is shown to have a positive impact on PTSD patients.7 One study, conducted with military veterans, found that ibogaine treatment “may offer a rapid and robust, and well-tolerated, treatment option for those suffering from a variety of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms.” It’s specifically helpful for symptoms related to trauma.

4. Ibogaine for Depression: A New Path Toward Emotional Clarity and Healing

Promising research is currently being done into ibogaine as a treatment for depression.8 Scientists began by creating an analog of ibogaine, intended to have similar effects. This medicine, called tabernanthalog (or TBG), “appears to relieve depression and addiction symptoms without producing hallucinations or other dangerous side effects.”

Although much more research is needed into the effects of TBG, some healthcare providers already support success using ibogaine to treat depression. According to the team at Tabula Rasa Retreat, “Ibogaine can lead to an increase in serotonin levels in the brain, leading to a sense of well-being and possibility after a difficult period.” Their program caters to people with substance use disorders, depression, PTSD, and a variety of other mental health concerns.

The Experience of Ibogaine

Ibogaine is available at treatment centers around the world, though not in the U.S. Just like any other type of rehab, each of these facilities has its own distinct philosophy. Choose an environment that suits your specific needs. 

Ibogaine induces a psychedelic experience. During the session itself, you may find yourself in a dreamlike state for up to 72 hours. Patients often report revisiting traumatic events from the past, and gaining new insight into their least healthy behavioral patterns.

“It’s like hitting the reset button.”

As you slowly emerge from this state, you’ll likely notice immediate and significant differences. Rich, a patient at Iboga Quest, had previously undergone detox, and later decided to try ibogaine after a relapse. Comparing these 2 experiences, he told interviewers, 

With iboga, or ibogaine, it’s like hitting the reset button. I would say I still had symptoms, but they were significantly less—maybe 20-30% of what you’d normally have.

Ibogaine also transformed his experience of shame. Prior to treatment, he struggled to accept himself and was haunted by past mistakes. In an ibogaine-induced dream state, he envisioned a human body with empty spaces inside it, which he’d been trying to fill by using substances. As he explored these images, he learned the value of accepting himself just as he is.

I always thought that acceptance was almost like admitting defeat. And [ibogaine] showed me that I didn’t have to necessarily like these aspects of myself; it wasn’t asking me to do that. But I had to accept them. These are things that happened. And even if they’re aspects of myself that were true at some point, they don’t have to remain true. And accepting them doesn’t mean that they remain true forevermore. In fact, accepting them puts you in a really great position to be able to change those aspects of yourself that you don’t like. And so that was my major teaching, really.

Health Risks 

Ibogaine has some significant health risks, and may cause physical side effects. There are reported fatalities. In one case, 19 people are known to have died within 1.5 to 76 hours of taking ibogaine.9 This was mainly due to preexisting conditions that increased the risk of cardiovascular stress, and the physical effects of substance withdrawals that were not properly managed during treatment. 

Before you begin this treatment, make sure you find a high-quality, reputable treatment center and consult with a medical professional to ensure it’s a safe method for you.

Long-Term Effects

Unlike some other psychedelic medicines, ibogaine can have a lasting effect on mental health.10 In fact, researchers believe that it can “modify addiction-related neural circuitry through the activation of neurotrophic factor signaling.” This makes it especially supportive for long-term recovery.

Despite its immediate benefits, however, ibogaine is not a miracle cure for substance use disorders. Researchers warn that ibogaine “is not a cure for addiction. Instead, it merely interrupts addiction.”11

Planning for Aftercare

The phase immediately following treatment can be an especially vulnerable time. If at all possible, it’s best to make plans for aftercare as a follow-up post-treatment. This ensures you have the right support to sustain the life changes you began.

Some patients begin recovery with ibogaine, then go on to attend a more comprehensive inpatient rehab program. Your treatment team can help you decide on the best course of action for your situation. 

Starting Your Recovery With Ibogaine

Although more research is needed, ibogaine is a very promising treatment. Whether you’re healing from substance abuse, trauma, or another mental health diagnosis, it may be a good place to start moving forward. However, like any other medication, this medicine is not appropriate for all patients. 

Remember that while recovery can start with ibogaine, it’s just the first step in a lifelong process. It’s best to combine this medicine with other evidence-based therapies, which may include rehab, medical care, talk therapy, or other options. Ibogaine can be a powerful element of your healing process, and may make it easier for you to move toward a healthier lifestyle. But this experience is no replacement for the slow, careful cultivation of habits that support your recovery.

To further explore this therapy, search for a rehab offering ibogaine-assisted treatment and contact their admissions team to learn more about their programming.

FAQs

Q: What is ibogaine therapy?

A: Ibogaine therapy is a plant medicine that uses a psychoactive compound from the West African iboga shrub to treat addiction and mental health disorders. Treatment involves a supervised session where patients experience a dreamlike state that helps them gain insights into behavioral patterns and past traumas.

Q: Is ibogaine used to treat addiction?

A: Yes, ibogaine is primarily used for substance use disorders, especially opioid use disorder, but can also be used for mental health conditions. Research shows it can reduce withdrawal symptoms and temporarily eliminate cravings. 

Q: Does ibogaine get rid of withdrawal symptoms?

A: Ibogaine significantly reduces opioid withdrawal symptoms but doesn’t eliminate them completely. One study found that 78% of patients did not show clinical signs of opioid withdrawal 48 hours after ibogaine administration,12 and 68% reported only mild withdrawal symptoms. Medical supervision and proper tapering before treatment are essential for safety.

Q: How much does ibogaine treatment cost?

A: Ibogaine treatment typically costs between $5,000 and $15,000, depending on the facility and services included. Since treatment is not available in the United States (ibogaine is considered a  Schedule I controlled substance and is not FDA-approved), you should also consider additional travel expenses.

Q: How safe is ibogaine treatment?

A: Ibogaine carries significant health risks and isn’t safe for everyone. High doses can cause serious cardiac complications, especially for people with heart conditions. Make sure your facility provides proper medical screening and supervision to minimize risks.

Q: Is ibogaine an effective treatment for substance use disorder?

A: Studies of ibogaine show that this treatment can be effective, particularly for opioid addiction. Several studies support this, including one in which 50% of patients reported reduced opioid cravings13 lasting for up to 3 months after treatment. However, ibogaine is not a cure—it temporarily interrupts addiction, creating an opportunity for recovery work.

Q: What are the side effects of ibogaine?

A: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of coordination, tremors, and sensitivity to light and sound. Serious side effects can include cardiac arrhythmias and seizures. The hallucinogenic experience may involve revisiting traumatic memories.

Q: Where can I find ibogaine treatment centers?

A: Ibogaine treatment centers operate in Mexico, Costa Rica, Canada, and parts of Europe. When selecting a facility, research their medical protocols, safety record, and aftercare support. Look for centers with thorough medical screenings and qualified staff.

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Understanding Stimulant Addiction: Misha’s 7 Ways to Reclaim Your Life and Health

The journey to recovery from stimulant addiction is often fraught with challenges, yet it offers an unparalleled opportunity for profound personal transformation. For many, the insidious grip of stimulants begins subtly, weaving itself into the fabric of daily life until it becomes an undeniable and destructive force. The story of Misha, who began using stimulants at 15 and entered treatment at 17, is a poignant illustration of this trajectory. His experience highlights the normalization of suffering, the illusion of control, and the eventual realization that a life dictated by addiction is no life at all.

This article delves into the complexities of stimulant addiction, exploring the signs, the impact on physical and mental health, and the crucial steps towards lasting recovery. Drawing insights from Misha’s personal journey, we will shed light on the vital role of connection, self-awareness, and the unwavering belief that a better life is not only possible but within reach.

1. The Deceptive Normalization of Suffering

One of the most insidious aspects of stimulant addiction is its ability to warp an individual’s perception of “normal.” As Misha recounts, “I think one thing that became the normal for me was always feeling bad. I mean, whether it was emotionally guilty or physically bad, like you wouldn’t sleep, I wouldn’t eat.” This constant state of discomfort, sleeplessness, and poor nutrition becomes the accepted baseline, obscuring the true toll the addiction is taking. The body’s natural rhythms are disrupted, leading to a cascade of negative health consequences.

The psychological burden is equally heavy. The constant cycle of using, experiencing a fleeting high, and then crashing into a state of depletion and guilt creates a vicious loop. Misha’s observation that admitting the harm meant “admitting obviously, that I had a problem and something had to change and worse, that I didn’t have control over myself or what I was doing wasn’t manageable” underscores the powerful role of denial in perpetuating addiction. Breaking free from this normalized suffering requires a profound shift in perspective and a courageous willingness to confront the reality of the situation.

Finding Treatment for Prescription Stimulant Addiction article.

2. The Tipping Point: Recognizing the Need for Change

For many individuals struggling with addiction, the decision to seek help is not a singular, instantaneous event but rather a gradual process, often triggered by external pressures or a sudden moment of clarity. In Misha’s case, legal trouble initially propelled him into treatment. However, as he wisely points out, “being sent somewhere is completely different from choosing to go there, especially as an addict.” True recovery begins when the individual internalizes the need for change and actively chooses the path of healing.

Misha’s “aha!” moment occurred when confronted with a seemingly innocuous Adderall prescription. His mind, no longer clouded by immediate desire, began to play out the inevitable consequences: the lies, the sleepless nights, the physical discomfort, all for “20 minutes of pleasure.” This vivid mental rehearsal, culminating in the realization that he had been “sabotaging myself,” marked his personal tipping point. It’s a testament to the power of self-awareness and the ability to connect actions with their long-term repercussions.

This internal shift is crucial because it moves beyond mere compliance and into genuine commitment. It’s at this juncture that individuals begin to understand that the perceived “benefits” of substance use are dwarfed by the accumulating negative consequences. The fleeting high gives way to persistent suffering, and the illusion of control shatters under the weight of unmanageability. The transition from being told to get help to deciding to get help is a fundamental step in the recovery journey.

3. The Power of Connection: Letting Others In

Addiction thrives in isolation. The shame, guilt, and secrecy associated with substance abuse often lead individuals to erect walls, pushing away those who care about them. For Misha, a significant breakthrough in his recovery was learning to “let people in.” He describes his initial resistance: “I was so set on not being told what to do or not feeling like anyone was in control of me or in charge of me, um, even to my detriment.” This desire for absolute autonomy, while understandable, ultimately served as a barrier to healing.

In recovery, connection is not merely beneficial; it is foundational. Whether through structured treatment programs, support groups like Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous, or therapy, the process of sharing one’s experiences and vulnerabilities with others creates a powerful sense of belonging and understanding. As Misha notes, “When you’re in a treatment program or in meetings or anything like that, the biggest part of it is your connection with other people and talking and allowing people to understand you and allowing yourself to be understood and to understand others.” This reciprocal exchange dismantles the isolating effects of addiction.

Allowing oneself to be vulnerable and to trust others—even when the instinct is to keep walls up—is a challenging but profoundly rewarding step. Misha’s realization that “I was worthy or could be cared about by someone that wasn’t necessarily related to me” speaks to the transformative power of genuine connection. It provides a safe space where individuals can be heard without judgment, receive support, and learn from the experiences of others who have walked a similar path.

4. Embracing the Journey: There Is No Top to the Mountain

Recovery is not a destination but an ongoing process of growth and self-discovery. A profound lesson Misha learned, a phrase commonly used in recovery meetings, is “there is no top to the mountain.” This metaphor beautifully encapsulates the idea that progress is continuous, and there’s always room for further development and improved well-being. It also highlights the importance of embracing all emotions, both good and bad, rather than seeking to escape them.

Addiction often serves as a coping mechanism, a way to numb uncomfortable feelings or avoid difficult realities. Misha acknowledges this, stating, “It was so easy to hide behind substance. Have this wall of well, I know I’ll feel this way if I take this. And that’s predictable, and that’s less scary than not knowing how I’ll feel if I have nothing to hide behind.” The perceived predictability of substance-induced states, even if negative, can feel safer than the unpredictable landscape of raw human emotion.

However, true healing involves dismantling this wall and allowing oneself to experience the full spectrum of life. “There’s such a depth to life and existence, whether for good or for bad, that if you allow yourself to feel those things, things can get so much better.” This willingness to experience discomfort, to sit with difficult emotions without resorting to substances, is a cornerstone of lasting recovery. It’s a risk, as Misha notes, to “experience things in a sober way,” but it is “definitely worth it.” This continuous journey of self-exploration and emotional engagement leads to a richer, more authentic life.

5. The Sweet Rewards: A Life Transformed

Life in recovery, while not without its challenges, offers a profound sense of liberation and a richness that was unattainable during active addiction. One of the most significant changes Misha highlights is the “depth to the happiness that I feel that is so much better, uh, than when I was using stimulants.” This genuine, unadulterated joy is a stark contrast to the fleeting, chemically induced highs of addiction. Beyond emotional well-being, the physical benefits are undeniable: “I can sleep and I can eat, and I don’t feel like my skin’s too tight all the time.” These basic human comforts, once sacrificed to addiction, become cherished aspects of a healthy life.

Perhaps the most impactful transformation is in the realm of relationships. Addiction often creates a web of lies and deceit, straining connections with loved ones. Misha describes the immense relief of being able to have “meaningful relationships with people, especially my family and people that I’m close to that aren’t built on this kind of web of lies.” The burden of secrecy is lifted, allowing for honesty, trust, and authentic connection to flourish. This renewed ability to engage in healthy, honest relationships is a powerful motivator for continued recovery.

6. Holding On: Advice for Those in the Midst of Struggle

For those currently grappling with the depths of addiction or depression, Misha’s advice is clear and compassionate: “Just keep going. It is so awful. And in the worst parts of addiction or depression it can feel like, well, there is, I felt everything there is to feel, there’s no way this could get better.” This feeling of hopelessness is a common trap, a narrative spun by the addiction itself.

Misha urges individuals to challenge this destructive internal voice: “You just have to ignore that part of you that’s telling you that there’s no point trying or that you’re stupid for trying, or you might as well give up. Um, ’cause it’s not true. That’s your addiction. That’s, that’s, that’s not you talking.” This crucial distinction between the authentic self and the manipulative voice of addiction is empowering.

The path to recovery is walked one step at a time, sometimes even one minute at a time. Whether it’s “getting outta bed or just not doing drugs for 30 minutes,” each small victory contributes to forward momentum. The message is one of unwavering hope: “I promise there is an end, there’s another side to this bridge. Um, and it is so, so much better, but it is so hard to get there.” This acknowledges the difficulty but emphasizes the ultimate reward. Finding something to believe in, whether it’s a person, a higher power, or the inherent human capacity for healing, can provide the necessary strength to persevere.

7. Taking the Leap: For Those on the Fence

The decision to embark on a recovery journey can be daunting, often leaving individuals “on the fence.” Misha offers a powerful reframe: if you’re on the fence, “you are not actually on the fence, you’ve already decided that you do wanna start recovering. It’s just scary to admit that or even begin those steps.” This perspective suggests that the internal contemplation itself is an indication of a readiness for change, even if fear holds one back.

When daily life is compromised by substance use—affecting health, relationships, or work—to the point of unmanageability, it’s a clear signal that something needs to change. Misha uses the proverb, “The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. And the second best time is today.” This timeless wisdom emphasizes that there’s no perfect moment to begin, only the present. There’s no need for elaborate preparations or practice; the journey can start now.

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Tanya’s Path to Drug and Alcohol Recovery: 5+ Steps to Reclaiming Your Life

 

Addiction is a complex journey, often misunderstood as solely a struggle with substances. However, as one individual’s powerful story reveals, the path to recovery is often a multifaceted healing process from deeper wounds. Tanya, a guest on the Giving Voice to Addiction Podcast by Recovery.com, shares her remarkable journey, highlighting that recovery is frequently about addressing underlying issues like grief, loss, abandonment, and trauma. Her experience underscores a vital truth: addiction is a symptom, and true healing involves confronting the root causes.

1. Recognizing the True Nature of Addiction

Tanya’s story begins with an early exposure to alcohol in a home where drinking was normalized. By the age of 11, she experienced intoxication, and at 14, she discovered cannabis, which provided a feeling of solace and belonging she desperately sought. Unlike alcohol, which she associated with her mother’s struggles, cannabis became her preferred escape. This early attachment to substances wasn’t seen as a problem, but rather a coping mechanism for a turbulent childhood marked by abandonment and instability.

For Tanya, drug use was a “reasonable reaction to the life you were living and ways of managing it versus a problem.” This sentiment resonates with many who turn to substances to cope with overwhelming emotions or difficult circumstances. It highlights a critical aspect of addiction: it often serves as a maladaptive coping strategy. Recognizing this distinction—that the substance use is a symptom rather than the sole issue—is a crucial first step in understanding and addressing addiction comprehensively.

2. Unmasking the Illusion of Control

A common thread in addiction narratives is the belief in one’s ability to control substance use, even in the face of escalating negative consequences. Tanya, despite periods of sobriety and academic success, found herself repeatedly returning to drugs. Her intravenous drug use at 17, followed by her brother’s suicide and an abusive relationship, pushed her to a desperate point where she sought to use enough to not wake up. Yet, even after this harrowing experience and facing multiple felony charges, she maintained the illusion of control.

“I still was convinced that I was in, I was in control that I can stop.” This persistent denial is a hallmark of addiction. The brain’s chemistry is altered, making it incredibly difficult to simply stop, despite intentions or external pressures. The belief that one can stop at will often delays seeking professional help, perpetuating the cycle of use. Tanya’s realization that her “brain was hijacked” and she wasn’t truly in control marked a significant shift in her perspective.

3. Embracing the Power of Community and Connection

For many years, Tanya felt isolated in her struggles, believing no one understood her experience. This sense of being alone is a common barrier to recovery. However, a turning point came when she was mandated to treatment and discovered recovery communities like Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous.

“I didn’t even know there was like a whole like community of people in recovery. I felt so alone. I felt really like no one understood. And I went to my first meeting and it was a speaker meeting and it was like that gentleman was telling my story up there.”

This realization that others shared similar experiences provided a profound sense of belonging and hope. Building a “community of support” became a foundational element of Tanya’s long-term recovery. A co-host of the podcast, points out, “The opposite of addiction is connection.” This connection can be found in various forms: mutual support groups, outpatient programs, therapy groups, or through peer support specialists. These communities offer a safe space for sharing, understanding, and mutual encouragement, combating the isolation that often fuels addiction.

4. The Role of Trauma Therapy in Healing

While community support and addressing substance use are vital, Tanya emphasizes the transformative impact of trauma therapy. She began trauma therapy while pregnant with her daughter, a period when she still struggled with active addiction. This concurrent focus on healing past wounds alongside addressing substance use proved to be a powerful combination.

“I’d also started trauma therapy when I was pregnant with my daughter… I think by far that has been the, the biggest contributor to who I am as a person today, as the work that I’ve done in that space.”

Many individuals turn to substances as a way to self-medicate unresolved trauma. Addressing these underlying traumatic experiences through therapy can dismantle the very foundation of addictive behaviors. Trauma-informed care recognizes the profound impact of past experiences on current coping mechanisms and provides strategies for healthy emotional processing and resilience building. This holistic approach is often crucial for sustainable recovery, as it tackles the root causes of distress that might otherwise lead to relapse.

5. Resilience, Perseverance, and Self-Love

Tanya’s journey was not linear. Despite her initial period of sobriety, she experienced a relapse six and a half years into her recovery, triggered by the belief that she could control alcohol. This experience, though painful, ultimately deepened her commitment to sobriety and led her back to residential treatment. It highlights that recovery is a continuous process, and setbacks, while challenging, can also be opportunities for growth and renewed dedication.

Today, Tanya celebrates over 11 years of long-term recovery from all substances. She has built a life filled with “profound and deep and meaningful and loyal and trustworthy” relationships. She has established her first truly “safe space” in her home and dedicates her professional life to supporting others on their recovery journeys as a clinical substance use counselor—a dream she held since childhood.

Her story is a testament to the power of “hard work, perseverance, courage, bravery, accountability.” For those in the depths of despair, Tanya offers a message of profound hope: “You matter. You are enough, you are lovable despite what you are doing because that is just it, it’s actions. It’s not who you are.” This message of self-love and inherent worth is often lost in the grips of addiction but is fundamental to reclaiming one’s life.

6. Inspiring Hope and Reducing Stigma

Tanya’s willingness to share her story publicly contributes significantly to reducing the stigma associated with addiction and recovery. By “recovering out loud and proud,” she helps to illuminate the commonalities in human struggles and foster a more compassionate understanding of addiction.

“I think the stigma is reducing. We still have a long ways to go, but I think the more that we recover out loud and proud and talk about, you know, our struggles and bring more stuff into the light and out of the darkness, um, the more healed communities that we do have, because we will see that we have many more similarities than we do differences.”

Her journey exemplifies that recovery is not just about abstaining from substances but about profound personal transformation and building a life of meaning and purpose. By sharing these stories, individuals like Tanya offer a beacon of hope, demonstrating that even from the darkest places, a remarkable life is possible.

Finding Your Path to Recovery

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, remember that hope is within reach.

Recovery.com: Offers a comprehensive directory of treatment centers and resources.

Recovery is a deeply personal journey, but you don’t have to walk it alone. As Tanya’s story powerfully illustrates, with resilience, support, and a commitment to healing, a life of profound joy and self-love is not just a dream, but a tangible reality.

What step will you take today to begin or continue your journey towards recovery and a more fulfilling life?