Tag: Drug Addiction

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Exploring Harm Reduction: Strategies and Benefits in Substance Use

Harm reduction is not about abstinence. It’s a practical and evolving set of strategies aimed at minimizing the risks of substance use. As opposed to abstinence-only frameworks like 12-Step, harm reduction recognizes that abstinence isn’t always achievable, or the sole indicator of well-being. 

In a country where overdose deaths reached a staggering 106,6991 in 2021, it’s clear that we need a different approach. While not a replacement for abstinence, harm reduction offers a pragmatic and lifesaving set of strategies. 

We’ll examine the various harm reduction strategies available, the benefits they offer, and how they play a crucial role in supporting people and communities on the path to a better life.

The Principles of Harm Reduction: Any Positive Change

Core Values and Ethics

Harm reduction practices emerged from activist communities of color2 in the ‘60s, ‘70s, and ‘80s. These advocates were looking for alternative approaches to protect their communities from being disproportionately affected by problems like HIV and addiction. Over the years, these threads came together to form a movement. 

Harm reduction operates on the principle of respect and dignity for all, providing safe, supportive spaces where people can access services without fear of being judged or punished. By acknowledging people’s current reality rather than imposing idealized expectations, the harm reduction approach aims to meet people where they are. The Chicago Recovery Alliance states its mission as providing people in their community living with HIV and drug use “with a wide array of options for achieving any positive change as they define it for themselves.”3

This means offering practical tools and strategies for safer use, alongside support for those seeking abstinence or other paths to recovery. It’s about empowering people to make informed choices and reduce the risks associated with substance use,4 including incarceration. “Our work remains important today because the United States continues to arrest people for using drugs,” says Joyce Rivera of the National Harm Reduction Coalition (NHRC). 

Goals and Objectives

Harm reduction takes a multi-pronged approach to reduce the negative consequences of drug use. 

  • Protecting health: Harm reduction programs provide access to sterile syringes, overdose reversal medication (like naloxone), and education on safer use practices to prevent infections, overdoses, and other health risks.
  • Minimizing social harms: By addressing the root causes of drug use and offering support services, harm reduction programs aim to decrease criminal activity, homelessness, and family disruption often caused by drug use.
  • Reducing legal consequences: Harm reduction groups advocate for policies that prioritize treatment and support over criminal punishment. 

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration outlines 6 pillars of harm reduction:5 

  1. The work is led by people with lived experience of substance use.
  2. All people are treated with dignity and respect.
  3. Efforts are built on community engagement and community building. 
  4. Practices are informed by an awareness of human rights, equity, and social justice. 
  5. Support is accessible and noncoercive. 
  6. Initiatives focus on any positive change.

It’s Not Just for Substance Use

It should also be noted that harm reduction doesn’t just apply to drug use. 

The National Health Care for the Homeless Council defines the harm reduction approach:6 

Harm reduction utilizes a spectrum of strategies to reduce the negative consequences associated with drug use, sex work, and other behaviors.

These strategies include safer techniques, managed use, and abstinence, and can be applied to any potentially harmful behaviors, such as eating disorders. 

Strategies and Practices in Harm Reduction

Needle and Syringe Programs (NSPs)

A cornerstone of harm reduction strategies is needle and syringe programs,7 or NSPs. These programs provide sterile syringes and injection equipment to people who inject drugs (PWID). This simple intervention plays a major role in preventing the spread of bloodborne diseases like HIV and hepatitis C.

NSPs operate by distributing clean syringes in exchange for used ones. They also offer education on safer injection practices, disposal of used syringes, and access to other health services. Studies consistently show that NSPs effectively decrease HIV and hepatitis C transmission rates8 among PWID. 

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Harm reduction embraces medication-assisted treatment (MAT) as a tool to reduce risks and improve health outcomes. MAT uses prescription opioids like methadone or buprenorphine to replace illicit opioids. Patients taper off of these medications, or adjust their dosage, according to a treatment plan administered under medical supervision. This allows them to manage their substance use, focus on stabilizing their lives, and improve mental and physical health while pursuing their recovery goals.

MAT is proven effective in reducing overdose deaths,9 preventing risky behaviors like needle sharing, and promoting retention in treatment programs. It carries its own risks, and it’s not for everyone. But for some, MAT is a necessary starting point for rebuilding their lives.

Safe Consumption Sites

Safe consumption sites (SCSs), also known as overdose prevention centers,10 are controlled spaces where people use pre-obtained substances under trained medical supervision.

These facilities provide sterile injecting equipment, harm reduction education, and access to naloxone to reverse overdoses. The presence of medical staff allows for immediate intervention in case of overdose, dramatically increasing the chances of survival. SCSs also connect people seeking recovery with addiction treatment services and social support programs.

Research shows that SCSs reduce overdose deaths and do not increase crime or drug use11 in surrounding areas. These facilities aim to save lives by creating a safer environment for people who already use substances.

Naloxone Distribution

In the U.S., a person dies from a drug overdose every 5 minutes.12 As substances like fentanyl further exacerbate the opioid crisis, that number continues to rise. 

Harm reduction programs promote the widespread distribution of naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid overdoses. Studies show a clear correlation between increased naloxone distribution and reduced overdose deaths.13 By equipping more communities with this tool, harm reduction programs empower people to take action and save lives.

Evidence and Impact of Harm Reduction

Scientific research overwhelmingly supports the effectiveness of harm reduction strategies. Studies consistently show that programs like NSPs and naloxone distribution reduce HIV and hepatitis C transmission rates, as well as overdose deaths, among people who use drugs. According to one peer-reviewed study on safe consumption facilities,14

Findings indicate that SCFs were associated with reducing drug use related infection and disease transmission, enhancing access to addiction and other health services, reducing the risk of non-fatal overdoses, and were not associated with a significant increase in drug use, or an increased rate of drug-related crime.

“Addiction is cruel enough, I assure you.”

Morgan Godvin credits harm reduction with saving her life.15 After a hepatitis C exposure, she walked into a needle exchange, feeling scared and alone. But what she found was nonjudgmental support. 

Harm reduction is not at odds with treatment. But it is the one, single space where I could just be. Where I wasn’t being bombarded with signals about how bad I was, how I needed to change. As if I didn’t already know. As if I hadn’t already tried…I’d found, finally, one single safe space in all the world. A refuge.

That safe space supported Godwin until she was able to recover, and she now works as a harm reduction advocate.  

Harm reduction offers a compassionate alternative to legal and societal approaches that tend to shame drug users. “Harm reductionists were kind to me when no one else was, least of whom myself. There was no prodding or coercion, only compassion,” says Godwin. “Addiction is cruel enough, I assure you.”

“Harm reduction is compassion.”

Another woman, Louise, believes harm reduction and destigmatized education could have helped her throughout her struggles with drug abuse.16

I didn’t set out for this, and I wouldn’t wish it on anybody. The fact that we harm people even more when they’re in these vulnerable places and in these places where they desperately need love and they desperately need human compassion and empathy is unforgivable.

She also blames a lack of harm reduction tools and mental health awareness for her daughter’s drug-related death after she was admitted to rehab:

The rehab she went to did not have Naloxone on-site. They obviously did not take dual diagnosis serious, even though I talked to them for hours about the importance of a treatment center that actually took her mental illness serious. No Naloxone… no real understanding of mental illness. Now my daughter who was safer at home with me is no longer here. She was my reason for living.

Challenges and Controversies Surrounding Harm Reduction

Harm reduction faces significant controversies as critics insist that these programs enable drug use. Ethical debates arise around the concept of meeting people where they are, with some expressing concern that this condones drug use.

One reason MAT programs are controversial is because they use opioid medications in treatment. Keith Humphreys, an addiction researcher at Stanford University, offers this critique of harm reduction:17 

When you start distributing opioids in the community, including to people to stop overdose, they will, in some cases, sell them and initiate new people onto drugs. And those people will overdose. If you just say, we’re just going to supply these drugs, like, what is the end game?

Many people view these programs as attracting drug use to surrounding neighborhoods, and that perception can block harm reduction efforts. “It’s explosive for politicians and still very controversial ethically among people in the medical community,” says NPR addiction correspondent Brian Mann. Political resistance and cultural stigma around drug use often impede policy changes that lead to wider adoption of harm reduction strategies. 

But the wider professional community largely supports harm reduction as an evidence-backed public health strategy. One report in the Drug and Alcohol Review journal warns against creating policy based on assumptions:18 

Despite evidence for their effectiveness, harm reduction services such as needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) are highly vulnerable to perceptions of community disapproval…The main finding of this literature review is that community perceptions of NSPs are largely positive. Also, support for NSPs was not synonymous with condoning drug use.

Research shows no increase in drug use as a result of harm reduction, but rather a reduction in associated harms. 

Global Perspectives on Harm Reduction

Harm reduction strategies take diverse forms across the globe. While countries like Portugal and Switzerland have been successful with harm reduction programs19 including needle exchange programs, safe consumption spaces, and MAT, many regions still face significant barriers. In some nations, like parts of Africa and Asia, strong social stigma and restrictive drug laws impede the implementation of even basic harm reduction interventions. This leads to higher rates of HIV and overdose deaths. According to UNAIDS,

Amid the widespread stigma and discrimination, violence and poor health faced by people who use drugs,20 people who inject drugs are beset by persistently high rates of HIV…Viral hepatitis and tuberculosis rates among people who use drugs also are high in many parts of the world. These preventable and treatable diseases, combined with overdose deaths that are equally preventable, are claiming hundreds of thousands of lives each year. This is a problem that has a clear solution: harm reduction.

International organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) also support harm reduction efforts21 in regions across the world. The Open Society Foundations “advocate for policies that advance the health and human rights of people who use drugs,”22 including access to naloxone and MAT, and harm reduction education. 

The global response to substance use requires a coordinated effort that includes sharing best practices, advocating for increased funding, and overcoming cultural and political barriers.

How to Support Harm Reduction Efforts

For Individuals

There are plenty of ways to get involved in harm reduction efforts in your community:

  • Educate yourself by researching local harm reduction organizations and their initiatives.
  • Spread awareness. Talk openly about harm reduction with friends and family, and challenge negative stereotypes.  
  • Volunteer at a harm reduction organization. Many organizations welcome volunteers to help with administrative tasks, outreach programs, or fundraising events. 
  • Advocate for harm reduction policies by contacting your local representatives and urging them to support programs like naloxone distribution and increased access to MAT.
  • Donate to organizations working on the frontlines of harm reduction. 

For Professionals

Healthcare providers, educators, and other professionals have a unique opportunity to raise awareness around harm reduction. Clinicians can integrate harm reduction into their practice by offering non-judgmental support, discussing safer use practices, and advocating for increased access to services like MAT and naloxone. 

Educators play an important role in normalizing conversations about substance use and promoting harm reduction awareness. Educating young people about harm reduction equips them with the knowledge and skills to make informed choices, reduce risks, and be positive influences in their community. 

By working collaboratively, professionals across sectors can create a more supportive environment for people with drug-associated risks, empowering others to reach their full potential and fostering healthier communities.

Building a Healthier Tomorrow, Together

Harm reduction offers a lifeline to those who aren’t yet ready for abstinence, and often supports people in getting onto their path toward recovery. By prioritizing safety, public health, and individual well-being, harm reduction strategies reduce negative consequences for our communities. From easy-access tools like naloxone to comprehensive programs like safe consumption spaces, harm reduction saves lives.

Through education, advocacy, and community engagement, we can expand access to harm reduction services and create a culture where everyone is treated with respect, regardless of what they’re going through.

As Monique Tula of the NHRC says, “We will honor our ancestors, hold space for each other, and make way for a new generation.” 

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Hope in Recovery: Navigating the Journey With Optimism and Resilience

Hope is talked about so broadly in recovery circles that it often comes across as cliché. But hope is not just a fluffy feeling. It’s a powerful force that gives you the motivation to change your life and the strength to sustain those changes.

In the depths of addiction and depression, hope often gets lost. Finding it again is a pivotal experience that can change your journey for the better. We’ll explore the science-backed proof behind the power of hope in recovery, and hear stories from people for whom hope was a driving force for lasting change. 

Understanding the Dimensions of Hope

Research consistently shows a strong correlation between hope and positive recovery outcomes. 

Cognitive Aspects of Hope

Hope isn’t just blind optimism; it’s a powerful cognitive tool that’s tied to our thoughts and beliefs. “Hoping is a human capacity with varying affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions,” say researchers on the cognitive aspect of hope1 among patients dying of cancer. 

Hope helps us think more positively. Framing challenges as opportunities for growth, and focusing on past successes as proof of your strength, grows your confidence in your ability to succeed. 

Hope helps you set goals and work toward them—and that’s an important part of charting your course to recovery. As you progress, achieving your goals, however small, reinforces your sense of accomplishment and belief in yourself. And that goes a long way in empowering you to regain control of your life. 

Emotional Aspects of Hope

The recovery journey is full of significant challenges. It forces us to face avoided aspects of ourselves and confront our deeply held fears. Hope is what allows us to get through those times without giving in to despair. 

Sticking with the process when times get tough builds your resilience and emotional intelligence. Through that process, you’ll grow your ability to understand the emotional complexity of life. You can hold both things to be true at once: acknowledging the reality of your current situation and knowing that it can change. 

Hope gives us the persistence that recovery requires.

Social Aspects of Hope

Hope thrives in connection. Surrounding yourself with positive people who believe in your ability to heal keeps you on track toward your recovery goals. 

Addiction is often called a disease of isolation.2 Recovery, on the other hand, is a chance to build community with those who share your struggles and support you on your path. These connections provide a safe space to talk through your challenges, celebrate your wins, and receive encouragement during trying times. 

Seeing others’ success in recovery gives us hope that the same is possible for us. 

“Just because you feel awful at a given time does not mean you won’t feel happy and hopeful at a later stage.”

Anthony, who was hospitalized for severe mania and psychosis, describes how he eventually found hope in accepting support from others:3 

Earlier in my illness I felt like I was being badgered against my will and complained a lot and saw things negatively, whereas once I started to believe that other people could help me feel better and had good intentions I started to perceive my situation in a more positive and hopeful way. I began to look at opportunities for the future rather than concentrating on regrets and resentments. We often see self-reliance as a good thing; with mental illness it is hard to accept sometimes that we cannot fix things ourselves and that there is nothing wrong in needing and accepting the help of others.

Hopelessness is a main feature of struggles with mental health and addiction. But Anthony reminds us that feeling doesn’t last forever. “For anyone suffering from a similar condition,” he says, “I would say that just because you feel awful at a given time does not mean you won’t feel happy and hopeful at a later stage.”

Strategies for Cultivating Hope

Hope has clear benefits for recovery. So how can you invite more of it into your life?

Setting Realistic Goals

According to scientists, “Hope is commonly divided into two constructs:4 agency, defined as goal-directed energy, and pathways, defined as the ability to create paths to a goal.”

In other words, hope can be broken down into 2 parts:

  1. Agency: Putting in the effort to achieve your goal
  2. Pathways: Creating the strategies you need to succeed

To feel hopeful about recovery, you need the drive (agency) and a plan (pathways) to feel confident about reaching your goals.

Hope naturally grows when you feel a sense of accomplishment. Setting realistic goals is a great way to do that:

  • Start by identifying your long-term goals. What does success in recovery look like for you? 
  • Then, break these down into smaller, achievable milestones. 

For example, instead of setting a vague goal like improving your sleep, you can aim to go to bed 30 minutes earlier 3 nights a week. As you achieve these smaller goals, celebrate your progress! These victories are the building blocks of long-term success, and each one reinforces your self-belief. Setbacks are a normal part of the journey, but progress is made via consistent, small steps over time. 

Seeking Inspiration

Hope thrives on inspiration, and we need input to feel inspired. 

Look for stories of recovery. Documentaries or memoirs of people who overcame addiction offer powerful messages of possibility. The universal stories of humanity found in literature and art speak to us in ways the soul understands. 

The most powerful inspiration, however, often comes from those closest to us. Talk to friends or family members who have faced challenges and emerged stronger. Surround yourself with positive influences that ignite your inner light and remind you of how bright your future can be.

Building a Supportive Community

If your close relationships are strained, you can also find community in group therapy, recovery communities, or support groups (in-person or online) that connect you with others on a similar path. Witnessing others’ struggles and triumphs is a powerful reminder that you’re not alone. 

Therapy is a confidential space to explore challenges, develop coping mechanisms, and build emotional resilience. A qualified therapist can also help you navigate setbacks and cultivate a positive outlook as you stay focused on recovery.

You can also seek mentorship from someone with more time in recovery. Their guidance, encouragement, and lived experience can be invaluable assets on your journey. Some recovery communities, like 12-Step groups, build mentorship into their program. 

Hope and Mental Health Recovery

Anyone who’s lived with depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions can tell you how hopeless life can feel. Hope gives us a way out of the darkness. 

One depression survivor, Eileen, describes how hope was the turning point in her recovery journey5 after falling into a deep depression due to burnout from parenting 3 children while working full-time: 

I was unable to laugh, have fun and it even got to the stage where I was unable to get of bed. I was deemed unfit for work. I felt that I was beyond curing, if a doctor has said I am never going to work again what hope have I of becoming better again.

But her family’s hope restored her own.

Thankfully my family held on to the hope that one day I would come back to my old self. Through time I began to see that there was hope for me to recover.

That hope empowered her to complete courses in mental health that not only helped her understand her own condition, but set her on a path toward helping others.

Hope empowers us to bravely confront the negativity in our life and transform it into something positive.

Hope in Addiction Recovery

Hope plays a critical role in all stages of recovery: from detox, to treatment, to long-term sobriety.

As you progress through your healing experience, hope bolsters your commitment to healing work and learning the skills that support long-term recovery. 

One study of people recovering from opioid addiction found that people with more hope had lower relapse rates6 after completing detox. 

Another study shows that hope plays an important role in people’s readiness for recovery.7 “Hope appears to be an important associate of contemplation toward change and appears to be required for action,” say researchers. They add that “hope also appears to be an important factor of coping in recovery.”

On the path to long-term sobriety, hope gives us the strength to manage cravings and overcome setbacks. While not a guarantee of success, it’s a reminder to stay focused on the fulfilling life you’re building. 

Hope and Physical Health

Hope also plays a powerful role in overcoming health challenges. Research consistently shows a link between optimism and positive health outcomes.8 People with a hopeful outlook tend to have stronger immune systems, experience less pain, and adhere better to their treatment plans.

Hope motivates us to practice healthy behaviors like eating well, exercising, and taking prescribed medications. By believing in your body’s ability to heal, you actively participate in your recovery journey.

Overcoming Setbacks With Hope

The road to recovery is rarely linear. Setbacks are inevitable, and we need to learn to navigate them without losing hope.

Recognizing and Accepting Challenges

Instead of viewing a setback as a sign of total failure, you can use the lessons you learn from it to strengthen your commitment to recovery.

Setbacks are opportunities for growth, because they help us identify areas for improvement. Did you miss a support group meeting? Perhaps scheduling reminders would be helpful. Were you overwhelmed by cravings? Explore management techniques or reach out to your sponsor for support.

By acknowledging the setback and strategizing to avoid it in the future, you transform a potential pitfall into a stepping stone on your path forward. Hope empowers you to learn from your experiences and cultivate optimism, so you can move forward with renewed determination.

Resilience and Perseverance

Challenges inevitably arise on the path to recovery. Here’s how you can persevere when life feels daunting: 

  • Practice self-compassion. While we often believe that self-criticism helps us improve, evidence shows that shame blocks our growth.9 Everyone makes mistakes—it’s part of being human! Treat yourself with kindness as you keep moving forward. 
  • Focus on progress, not perfection. Take time to recognize how far you’ve come. Each step forward is a testament to your strength.
  • Lean on your support system. Surround yourself with people who unconditionally have your back. Share your struggles openly and let their encouragement guide you through tough times.
  • Maintain healthy habits. Prioritize sleep, exercise, and healthy eating. Taking care of your physical health strengthens your mental well-being, allowing you to confront challenges with a clear mind.

Resources for Fostering Hope

Plenty of resources are available to help you generate hope as you navigate mental health and addiction recovery. 

Books

Podcasts

  • The Recovery Elevator shares uplifting recovery stories and practical advice for those on their healing journey.

Websites

Professional Help

Counseling and therapy equip you with strategies for managing the stress, anxiety, and negative thought patterns that often impede hope. Therapists can also help you develop healthy coping strategies to get through life’s challenges without using harmful substances or behaviors.

By tapping into professional support and resources for self-help, you can cultivate the hope you need to build the life you want.

Learn about your options for mental health treatment and reach out to a provider directly today.

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What Is Addiction Replacement? Overcoming Substitute Addictions

Have you ever craved sugary snacks when you stopped drinking, or turned to video games to escape stress after quitting smoking? That’s addiction replacement, a common phenomenon that involves swapping one addictive behavior for another. Understanding why this happens is a key part of a healing process that can help you get to the root cause of your addiction and point you toward lasting recovery. 

We explore how addiction replacement takes hold, how to tell if you’re forming a substitute addiction, and how you can build new habits that support a healthy lifestyle.

Understanding the Mechanisms of Addiction Replacement

Addiction replacement, or substitute addictions, is a common experience. One study of people in recovery found that one-fifth of participants had developed a new substance use disorder1 within 3 years of getting sober.

So why is it so common to trade one addiction for another?

The Psychological Basis of Addiction Replacement

Quitting an addiction takes more than just willpower. It requires you to undo patterns that have become hard-wired into the way you think and feel. This process can be highly uncomfortable and trigger intense cravings, especially in early recovery (the first year after quitting an addiction). That’s why some people look for other ways to feel good—which may involve replacing one addiction with another.

Here’s why this happens:

  • Brain rewards: Your brain is wired to repeat rewarding behaviors, and certain substances and behaviors trigger a powerful chemical reaction that feels good. The brain wants to repeat these behaviors again and again. When you stop, your brain misses the chemical reaction it’s gotten used to. And to feel better, it looks for another way to achieve a similar feeling, even if it works against your goals.
  • Coping with emotions: Sometimes people use addictions as a coping strategy for stress, anxiety, or trauma. When they stop, those emotions come back. They might use other behaviors to avoid dealing with the problem directly or feeling what they don’t want to feel.
  • Thinking patterns: Our past experiences and beliefs influence our choices in the present. If you believe you need instant gratification or tend to rely on unhealthy coping mechanisms, you might be more likely to develop a substitute addiction.
  • Self-doubt: If you don’t believe you can quit your addiction, you might turn to a substitute out of fear of failing. If that’s the case for you, it’s important to rebuild your confidence and self-belief as part of your healing journey. 

“Our brains are wired to desire and crave and want.”

One person in recovery, Winton Chavez, explains how the brain changes that take place during addiction can easily overwhelm your willpower:2

Although beneficial and important, willpower alone will not bring you to overcome your addiction…So many factors play a heavy role in avoiding relapse and continuing recovery…Because really, our brains are wired to desire and crave and want. Sex, food, intimacy, comfort—all of these things are easy to engage in because you are designed to want to do them. That’s how you stay alive. And drugs activate those same systems.

The Role of Neurobiology in Addiction Replacement

Quitting an addiction is tough. Even after stopping, your brain remembers the pleasure it got from the addictive substance or behavior.3 This state of craving is highly uncomfortable, making it tempting to find something else that feels good. 

Science explains how changes in the brain contribute to this.

Addictive processes and substances trigger the release of feel-good chemicals in your brain. This chemical change is far stronger than it would be as a result of natural rewards like food or exercise. And over time, your brain circuits adapt and become less sensitive to the chemicals that create pleasure. As you build tolerance to a substance, you need to take more of it to feel the same effect. Meanwhile, the parts of the brain that control your decision-making are also disrupted. As a result, addiction becomes more of a habit than a conscious choice. And once you’re physically, emotionally, and psychologically dependent on a substance, it can be very hard to let go of. 

All these factors work together to increase discomfort in early recovery, prompting a strong urge to reach out for something to replace what your adapted systems have lost. 

How to Know When You’re Replacing One Addiction With Another

Recognizing addiction replacement involves being mindful of behavioral shifts and identifying patterns that mirror addictive tendencies. Here are some key signs to watch for:

  • Substitute behaviors: Replacing one behavior with another, like turning to excessive eating, shopping, or gaming after quitting a substance
  • Unhealthy coping patterns: Using a substitute behavior to cope with stress, anxiety, or emotional pain 
  • Impact on daily life: The substitute behavior interferes with your daily responsibilities, relationships, or well-being
  • Loss of control: Feeling unable to cut back or stop the substitute behavior
  • Negative consequences: Health issues, strained relationships, or financial problems stemming from the substitute behavior
  • Increased tolerance: Needing more of the substitute behavior to achieve the same satisfaction
  • Emotional shifts: The substitute behavior becomes your main source of pleasure or relief
  • Urge to escape: A constant desire to escape reality or numb emotions through the substitute behavior

The Benefits of Recognizing Addiction Replacement

While it might feel like a failure, there are real benefits to recognizing when a substitute addiction is starting:

  • Early intervention: Catching substitute addictions early on allows for timely intervention. Because the consequences of addiction get worse over time, addressing it early can improve your treatment outcomes. 
  • Personalized therapeutic approaches: Most rehabs tailor treatment plans to your unique circumstances. The more you know about what’s going on with you, the better they can help you.
  • Increase self-awareness: Spotting the emergence of a substitute addiction requires you to know yourself. This awareness is a powerful tool for personal growth that can help you understand your behaviors, triggers, and underlying issues, and serve you throughout your recovery.
  • Improved emotional regulation: Understanding your tendency to develop substitute addictions can encourage you to explore healthier ways of coping with stress, anxiety, or other emotional challenges. 
  • Motivation for change: Recognizing a substitute addiction can be a wake-up call that prompts you to assess your priorities and make efforts to change harmful patterns.
  • Personal empowerment: Confronting a substitute addiction shows your commitment to personal growth, taking control of your life, and making choices that align with your values.

Learning to identify early warning signs and develop healthy coping mechanisms to prevent relapse increases your chances of a successful, long-term recovery.

The Risks Associated with Addiction Replacement

Letting addiction replacement continue untreated, on the other hand, can make the situation worse.

Replacing one addiction with another is a sign that the underlying problem hasn’t been addressed. And as long as that’s the case, it’s likely that you’ll continue to relapse or develop new addictions. Substitute behaviors—seemingly harmless ones—can be used as strategies to avoid deeper issues like trauma or emotional pain. And opting for unhealthy substitutes can worsen health problems related to addiction, or introduce new ones. 

Confronting these issues is a crucial part of the healing journey. But unresolved trauma is often too intimidating, or too deeply buried, for us to unpack on our own. That’s where professional help comes in. Addiction treatment programs offer the opportunity to explore your unhealed wounds in a supportive environment. Qualified addiction specialists can empower you to navigate challenges, develop healthy coping strategies, and create a healthy, addiction-free life.

Coping Strategies and Alternative Approaches

Not all coping strategies are bad. Just as your brain adapts to addictive behaviors, it can also adapt to new, healthy behaviors that support the life you want.

Developing Healthy Habits

Thankfully, harmful habit formation isn’t the only alternative to addiction. Instead, you can redirect your focus toward positive behaviors and making those a habit. This can look like:

  • Building a new daily routine 
  • Embracing physical activity 
  • Prioritizing self-care
  • Learning to set healthy boundaries
  • Exploring a mindfulness practice like yoga or meditation 
  • Spending time in nature 
  • Discovering a new creative outlet (or rediscovering an old one)

It might take some exploring to find what works for you. 

Having the right support can also help you stay on track when you’re making major life changes. Regularly going to therapy, attending support groups, and investing in supportive relationships are great ways to be proactive in early recovery and beyond. 

Support Systems and Recovery Communities

Recovery doesn’t have to be a solo journey. Surrounding yourself with supportive people can make a world of difference. 

Support groups provide a safe space to connect with others who understand your struggles, share experiences, and learn from each other’s triumphs. These can be 12-Step or non-12-Step, in-person or online. Sharing your story and listening to others eases the feeling that you’re all alone in what you’re going through. And when times get tough, as they inevitably do, your peers can give you the accountability and encouragement you need to stay motivated. They can also help you celebrate successes on your path to recovery, because they understand that even small wins are a big deal.

Real-Life Success Stories

Here are just a few people who successfully overcame their substitute addictions:

Mishka Shubaly overcame his alcohol addiction through running,4 and became an ultra-runner in the process. “It’s a great way to introduce people into something that then later becomes… sort of their coping mechanism, as opposed to picking up a drink or a drug,” says Scott Strode, who founded the nonprofit Phoenix Multisport to promote sobriety5 through athletic activities. 

Many people find their purpose through their recovery journey, and shift their focus to their new passion as a positive way of processing the past. Maura Lerner, who struggled with alcohol addiction during college, discovered her drive to help others. “I will soon receive my LMSW social work license and then start a full-time job in social work,” says Lerner. “I chose this career to help those who have gone through similar situations as I have throughout my life. I want to be able to help families and the individuals they love.”

Move Beyond Substitute Addictions and Into Lasting Recovery 

Recognizing addiction replacement isn’t just about awareness; it’s a springboard for action. Getting professional support can help you pinpoint the cause of your addictions, develop personalized strategies, manage cravings, and learn coping mechanisms that work. Addiction treatment specialists and recovery peers can be invaluable allies on your journey toward a new life. 

Explore addiction treatment centers and search by conditions treated, insurance accepted, and more to find a program that’s right for you.

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Navigating Pre-Employment Drug Screening: Identifying the Substances Tested

A pre-employment drug test verifies if you are using illegal substances. These drug tests help employers understand if you are using any substances that may interfere with your ability to work. 

Although the legalization status of substances can vary across regions, such as marijuana, the test results can be used at the employer’s discretion. Drug tests can also be conducted at random, post-injury, if medications were used during recovery, with reasonable suspicion, or periodically during employment.

Commonly Screened Substances

Employers may test for various substances depending on the line of work, the location, the job role, and other factors. Commonly screened substances include, but are not limited to:

  1. Marijuana
  2. Cocaine
  3. Opioids (including heroin, morphine, codeine, and oxycodone)
  4. Amphetamines (including methamphetamine and MDMA)
  5. Benzodiazepines
  6. Alcohol
  7. Phencyclidine (PCP)

Detection Methods

Depending on the substances and desired time period of detection, employers have a few testing methods to choose from1: 

  1. Urine testing is the most common method that detects recent use of drugs. You will pee into a small cup and give it to a worker for testing. A urine test can typically detect substances used in the past few days.
  2. Hair testing can detect drug use over longer periods of time. A small hair sample is taken from the crown of the head or the armpit and must be at least 1.5 inches long. This method can detect drug use up to 90 days prior. 
  3. Blood testing is an accurate drug detection approach; however, it is costly and more invasive. A clinician uses an IV to draw a small amount of blood, and the test detects substances used in the past couple of hours or days. 
  4. Saliva testing uses a swab to collect a sample inside your mouth. This method detects drug use in the past 48 hours.

Factors Affecting Detection

Test results can be unique to each person’s circumstances, including factors such as:

  1. Frequency and amount of substance use: A chronic daily user will likely have the substance readily detected. An occasional user may be harder to detect, depending on the test.
  2. Metabolism and body composition: Your metabolic rate can influence how quickly drugs are processed and eliminated from your body2. Age, gender, genetic makeup, and overall health play significant roles in metabolism speed. For example, someone with a slower metabolism will take longer to eradicate substances.
  3. Sensitivity of testing methods: Different testing methods have varying sensitivities and detection windows. The cutoff levels (the minimum amount of drug residue required for a test to be considered positive) also vary by test. They can affect whether a result is positive or negative.
  4. Time elapsed since substance use: Depending on the test, if substance use is more than two weeks prior to the test, most methods will not detect it; however, hair testing can detect drug use for months.

Legal Implications

Employers must comply with federal and state drug test regulations, which can vary by region. 

In most cases, employers must give reasonable notice before the test and obtain the employee’s or job applicant’s consent. Drug testing policies must be fair to all employees or candidates to avoid discrimination. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities who must take medication for their condition.

In some regions, laws and regulations may limit the actions employers can take in response to a positive drug test, particularly for substances like marijuana, where legality varies by jurisdiction.

Wrongful termination or disciplinary actions based on drug test results can lead to legal disputes, so employers must be clear, consistent, and legally compliant when defending their actions.

Employer Policies and Procedures

Drug test results represent highly sensitive and strictly confidential health information. Unauthorized disclosure of test results can lead to legal action against the employer. Before taking the drug test, you must agree to your privacy and confidentiality rights.

If the test results are positive, the employer has the right to rescind the job offer or terminate employment. Companies can also take disciplinary action, such as suspension or mandatory participation in a drug treatment center.

In some professions, a positive drug test may result in the suspension or termination of professional licenses or certifications, potentially rendering an individual ineligible for promotions and transfers.

Preparation and Mitigation Strategies

If you’re worried that your substance use may interfere with obtaining employment, it might be time to look into professional treatment. 

Your recovery journey can begin with medical detox. With clinical support, this process rids the body of harmful substances and helps you quit drinking alcohol or using drugs. In the case of alcohol and opioids, detox can be life threatening if done improperly. You can search for qualified detox centers near you to see what substances they treat, insurances they accept, and treatment approach they use. 

Often, detox isn’t enough for full recovery. You and your care team can collaboratively decide which level of care is best for your needs:

  • Outpatient (OP): You’ll meet 1-2x per week with your provider and others in treatment.
  • Intensive outpatient (IOP): You’ll meet 3-5x per week for several hours at a time for more intensive care.
  • Partial hospitalization (PHP): You’ll meet 5-7 times a week for a full day.
  • Residential: You’ll live in a rehab for 28+ days and engage in treatment with a comprehensive staff and a community of peers. 
  • Inpatient: You’ll live in a treatment center or hospital-like setting and have 24/7 monitoring. 

Managing addiction can be a complex and individualized process. Licensed professionals can provide you with appropriate tools, techniques, and support tailored to your specific needs. You may engage in talk therapies such as: 

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to learn how to replace unhealthy thought patterns with more affirming ones.
  • Contingency management (CM) that provides positive reinforcement, such as rewards or incentives, for maintaining abstinence from heroin.
  • Relapse prevention counseling to learn techniques to manage addiction cravings and other symptoms.
  • Motivational interviewing to explore the reasons why you want to recover and use that purpose to motivate change. 

Resources and Support

In the case of employment-related drug testing issues, seeking legal assistance can be a crucial step in understanding your rights, navigating potential consequences, and challenging unjust or unlawful practices. 

If you are struggling with a substance use issue, professional addiction treatment can help you identify triggers and unhealthy behaviors, learn positive coping skills, and adapt lifestyle habits to change your life for the better. Treatment may involve a mixture of evidence-based talk therapies (like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)), holistic healing modalities (like yoga), and support groups (such as AA and NA).

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How to Get Into Rehab Immediately: 5 Steps to Start Treatment Today

Recognizing you need help for addiction is a brave and life-changing realization. Getting immediate treatment through rehab is a great way to start your recovery journey. Breaking free from addiction requires support, a safe environment, and resources that rehab programs offer.

The consequences of addiction get worse over time. The longer it’s left untreated, the more the risks increase. By getting immediate help, you’re empowering yourself to stop the cycle of addiction before it causes further harm.

Here’s how you can get into rehab immediately and begin the work of changing your life.

Infographic titled “5 Steps to Get Into Rehab Immediately,” showing a step-by-step guide: 1) Assess Your Needs—call a provider for assessment; 2) Consider What Matters—identify personal needs; 3) Research Centers—call centers for openings; 4) Verify Insurance—check what’s covered; 5) Prepare for Admission—gather essentials like ID and medication info.

Steps to Take for Immediate Rehab Admission

1. Assess Your Needs

Talk to a professional.

Start by figuring out what kind of help you need. It may help to talk to your therapist, healthcare provider, or other qualified medical professional. Most rehab admissions staff can give you an initial assessment over the phone as part of their intake and admissions process. Just keep in mind that admissions staff are also essentially the rehab’s sales team, so not all the guidance they provide will be unbiased.

Take an assessment.

You can also do a self-assessment using online resources like the screening tools provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).1 This can give you a starting point for understanding your situation, but it shouldn’t replace professional advice.

An initial assessment helps you get clarity on how severe your addiction is, whether you need medically supervised detoxification, and any special requirements you might have, like treatment for co-occurring mental health conditions.

Determine your level of care.

This process also helps determine what type of treatment you need. Inpatient drug or alcohol rehab is generally recommended if you have a severe addiction, need a supportive recovery environment, or are at high risk of relapse. Intensive outpatient rehab programs work better if you have a “high-functioning” addiction, a stable living situation, and a strong support system.

Find out if you need detox.

If you’ve been struggling with opioid, benzo, or alcohol use, you might need to detox under medical supervision before starting rehab. This helps you address dependency and safely manage withdrawal symptoms while reducing your risk of relapse during the withdrawal phase. Your doctor or treatment facility can help you figure out if you need medical detox.

Infographic showing typical wait times for admission into different levels of addiction treatment, comparing insured and uninsured patients. Detox: 1–3 days (insured), 5–10 days (uninsured); Inpatient Rehab: 3–7 days (insured), 10–30 days (uninsured); Outpatient Rehab: 5–14 days (insured), 10–21 days (uninsured); Sober Living: 7–21 days (insured), 14–30+ days (uninsured); MAT: Same-day to 3 days (insured), 3–7 days (uninsured).

2. Consider What Matters to You

Beyond your essential needs, think about what would make your time in rehab comfortable and effective.

You might consider location—do you want to go to a rehab near you, in another state, or even abroad? Think about the client population, too. Is it important for you to attend a center with gender-specific programs or LGBTQ+-affirming care?

What about facilities? Do you need access to a gym, nature trails, or other amenities? Will you need to work during treatment? Are there specific activities or therapeutic approaches that would help you?

If you have co-occurring mental health disorders like trauma or mood disorders, you’ll want a program that addresses these during treatment. And if you’re neurodivergent, you might need a rehab program that can accommodate your specific needs.

If you’re neurodivergent and seeking addiction care, check out our comprehensive guide to finding addiction treatment as a neurodivergent person for tailored approaches that respect your needs.

3. Research Treatment Centers

Now that you know what you need, it’s time to look into your options. 

Use a search tool.

You can use an online treatment finder like Recovery.com to search for programs based on your criteria. Just be aware that not all treatment directories are ethical—many are owned by treatment centers and designed to refer clients to their own programs.

Learn more about the dangers of referral fees for rehab treatment.

Use the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)’s resources.

Another great resource is SAMHSA’s National Helpline (1-800-662-HELP), which is answered 24/7 by trained staff who can provide information and refer you to substance abuse treatment. You can also contact your insurance provider to understand your covered treatment options and locate in-network facilities with immediate openings.

Ask the right questions.

Illustration of a man standing at the edge of a cliff with a ladder nearby, symbolizing a path to recovery. The caption reads, “You don’t have to wait until it gets worse. Help is ready the moment you are.” Promotes timely addiction treatment access with Recovery.com branding.

Once you’ve identified some potential programs, ask questions to gather good information. Find out if they have immediate availability, what level of care they provide, and whether they specialize in treating your specific condition. Ask if they accept your insurance and what the cost of treatment will be.

Learn about their treatment approach, what evidence-based therapies they offer, what amenities they have, and what their aftercare program looks like. These conversations will help you choose the rehab center that best meets your needs and preferences.

Learn more about making an informed choice in our guide on what to ask when calling a rehab center for the first time.

4. Verify Insurance Coverage

Before you commit to a rehab program, look into what your insurance plan covers so you can plan for costs. Contact your insurance provider and explain that you’re seeking immediate admission to rehab. Ask about your coverage for substance use disorder treatment, including coverage for emergency rehab admissions, in-network facilities with immediate availability, copays, deductible, and out-of-pocket expenses, and any prior authorization requirements.

Insurance coverage can be complex, and navigating it alone can be frustrating. The good news is that rehab admissions teams often help clients through this process. Don’t hesitate to ask them for help to make sure you understand your coverage and maximize your benefits for treatment.

5. Prepare Essential Information

To set yourself up for a smooth transition, gather the documents you’ll need for a quick admission. You’ll typically need:

  • A government-issued photo ID, such as your driver’s license or passport
  • Social Security number
  • Proof of address (utility bill, rental agreement)
  • A list of medications you’re currently taking and any relevant medical records 
  • Insurance information (insurance card, member ID number)

Every treatment center is different, so talk to yours to confirm exactly what they’ll need from you.

Using Hotlines and Support Networks

Getting into rehab can be challenging, but you don’t have to figure it out alone. Numerous resources offer immediate guidance and support.

The SAMHSA National Helpline (1-800-662-HELP) is available around the clock. This confidential service is staffed by trained advisors who can help you find rehabs with immediate openings in your area, support you through the intake process, answer your questions about rehab and other addiction treatment options, and connect you with local support groups to start building your sober network.

You can also reach out to the Crisis Text Line by texting HOME to 741741 or chatting with a crisis counselor on their website or via WhatsApp. The Partnership to End Addiction (1-855-378-4373) can help with concerns about a child’s substance misuse. And the National Harm Reduction Coalition has search tools to help you find syringe exchanges or naloxone near you, or you can order naloxone by mail.

Learn more about finding a reputable addiction hotline. 

Considering State-Funded and Non-Profit Rehabs

Navigating Public Assistance Programs

If you have financial limitations, resources are available to help you access immediate drug or alcohol addiction treatment. Here are some options to explore:

  • State-funded programs: Many states offer publicly funded addiction treatment programs for people struggling with alcohol or drug addiction. These programs often cater to low-income residents and may provide immediate placement in drug rehab facilities. Contact your state’s health department or mental health agency for information.
  • Non-profit organizations: Many non-profits are dedicated to supporting people with addiction. They may offer scholarships or financial assistance to cover rehab costs, or run faith-based treatment programs with reduced costs. Research non-profits in your area to learn about their services and eligibility requirements.
  • National hotlines: SAMHSA’s National Helpline (1-800-662-HELP) can also offer guidance on navigating public assistance programs and connect you with relevant resources.

By exploring these reduced-cost options, you can find the support you need to start recovery, even with limited resources.

Learn more about covering treatment costs in our guide to paying for rehab.

Application Process for Public Assistance

Accessing public assistance for rehab involves some extra steps. But with the right guidance, you can navigate the process effectively. Here’s what to expect:

  • Contact your state’s health department or mental health agency. They can provide information on available programs and eligibility requirements in your area.
  • Gather the necessary documents. This may include proof of residency and any medical documentation related to your addiction.
  • Complete an application form. This form will gather details about your situation and assess your eligibility for assistance.
  • Prepare for your interview. A caseworker might interview you to clarify your needs and verify your information.
  • Wait for a decision. Processing times can vary, so be patient and stay connected with the program during this period.

Public assistance programs can help lower financial barriers on your path to recovery.

What to Do if You Encounter a Waitlist

Exploring Alternative Options

Encountering a waitlist for rehab can be discouraging, but it doesn’t have to stall your progress. Here are some options to explore while you wait:

  • Seek outpatient services: While inpatient rehab offers intensive care, outpatient programs can still provide valuable support. These programs allow you to work your treatment plan while continuing daily life, offering individual and group therapy, medication management, and relapse prevention skills.
  • Join support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can be hugely helpful. Support groups offer a space to share experiences, find inspiration, and build your sober community. Look for local 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA), or find support groups specific to your addiction.
  • Consider medication-assisted treatment (MAT): MAT uses prescription medication to help people manage opioid addiction. Discuss this option with an addiction-specialized doctor to determine if it’s right for you.

Being on a waitlist doesn’t have to mean complete stagnation. By taking alternative measures, you can maintain momentum toward addiction recovery while you wait to start treatment. 

For more on this, see our article on what to do if a rehab is waitlisted. 

Keeping Multiple Options Open

There are steps you can take to increase your chances of immediate rehab placement. Consider these strategies:

  • Apply to multiple facilities. Don’t limit yourself to a single program. Apply to multiple rehabs and expand your search if necessary.
  • Be upfront about your situation. Inform each facility about your waitlist status at your preferred program and your eagerness to start treatment immediately. This positions you for earlier admission if openings arise.
  • Follow up regularly. Stay in touch with admissions. Inquire about openings and reiterate your interest in starting treatment as soon as possible. 

By being persistent and exploring multiple options, you can increase your chances of getting admitted earlier and starting your recovery journey sooner. 

Preparing for Admission

Once you’ve secured a place in rehab, you can start to prepare for treatment mentally, emotionally, and practically.

  • Pack. Pack comfortable clothing suitable for the center’s location and weather. You won’t be going out much, so just bring the essentials. Most facilities restrict certain items, so check with staff about what to bring. 
  • Decide how you’ll get there. Arrange reliable transportation. It’s helpful to have a sober buddy accompany you for the trip. Ask a trusted friend or family member, or ask your rehab about transfer options. 
  • Mentally prepare. Starting rehab can bring up a lot of emotions. Acknowledge these and process them by journaling, talking to your therapist, or talking with a trusted friend.  

Use our rehab packing list to get ready for your stay. 

Managing Personal Affairs

Before entering rehab, make arrangements to take care of your responsibilities while you’re away. Discuss your leave of absence with your supervisor, following your company’s policies and procedures.

  • Inform your employer. Discuss your leave of absence with your supervisor, following company policies and procedures.
  • Delegate responsibilities. Arrange for someone to handle tasks like childcare, pet care, or paying bills during your absence.
  • Communicate with loved ones. Briefly inform close family and friends about your upcoming stay in rehab.

Starting rehab is a big step. Easing your transition by preparing logistically and emotionally will help you be ready to focus on long-term recovery.

The Role of Intervention Services

Because denial is a core feature of addiction, people in the midst of active use often don’t realize how serious their problem is. It often takes an outside perspective to point it out.

In some cases, an intervention facilitated by a professional can help. Interventionists work with families to plan a structured conversation, encouraging people to accept help and start treatment. An interventionist can guide you through the process, help you navigate charged emotions, and present the benefits of rehab in a clear and supportive way.

Get tips for staging an intervention here. 

Aftercare Planning

In recovery, rehab is just the beginning. Your rehab should provide a robust continuing care plan to help you transition back into daily life and prevent relapse after treatment. This might involve:

  • Stepped-down care such as intensive outpatient treatment or sober living 
  • Online aftercare programs, usually offered for up to 90 days following inpatient treatment 
  • Ongoing individual therapy and help finding a therapist
  • An alumni network that holds regular online or in-person meetings
  • Retreats or refresher courses to reenergize your recovery 
  • Connection with resources in your community like recovery support groups 
  • Identifying people in your existing support network who will continue to support your healing process 

Your continuing care plan should contain some combination of these elements to support your needs after treatment. 

Start Treatment as Soon as Possible for Better Recovery Outcomes

Getting addiction help is a powerful turning point in life—it’s the moment you decide to reclaim control and open the door to new possibilities. Every recovery journey has a beginning, and taking proactive steps to enter rehab as soon as possible sets the foundation for healing and transformation.

It’s hard to reach out when you really need it, but doing so is a way of having your own back that’s a powerful start to building self-trust. You deserve support, and there are people ready to help you navigate this path. The challenges you’re facing don’t have to define you.

Search for addiction treatment centers that meet your criteria and contact them directly about availability. Though it might feel overwhelming now, this one phone call could be the first step toward your well-being. Your future self will thank you for the strength you’re showing today.

FAQs

Q: How can I get admitted to a rehab facility immediately?

A: The fastest way to get same-day admission is to call facilities and ask if they have immediate openings. Then contact your health insurance company to find out which ones are covered. Be ready to provide personal information, medical history, and insurance details during the intake process. If you need drug or alcohol detox, some programs may prioritize you based on how severe your withdrawal risk is.

Q: How can I find a rehab center with immediate availability?

A: Use online tools like Recovery.com, call SAMHSA’s helpline, or ask your insurance provider about in-network facilities that can take you right away. Don’t just apply to one center—try several at once to increase your chances. If getting help quickly is your main priority, try to be flexible about things like location and amenities.

Q: What should I do if I’m on a waiting list for an inpatient treatment program?

A: Don’t just sit and wait—look into outpatient programs in your area, join support groups like AA or NA, or talk to a doctor about medication-assisted treatment if it’s appropriate for your situation. Apply to multiple facilities to improve your chances of getting in somewhere sooner. Keep in regular touch with admissions departments to check for openings from cancellations. Use this waiting time to get yourself mentally prepared and to take care of practical matters before you start treatment.

Q: How can I find a rehab facility with immediate openings?

A: Widen your search area—looking a bit further from home might reveal places that can take you right away. Consider both inpatient and outpatient options, as outpatient programs often have shorter wait times. Call your insurance provider directly and ask specifically for in-network facilities that can accept new patients quickly. It’s usually better to call treatment centers directly instead of relying on their websites, as availability changes frequently and websites aren’t always updated right away.

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Understanding Cross-Tolerance: Effects on Medication and Substance Use

Have you ever felt like tolerance to one drug affects your response to a seemingly unrelated substance? This is cross-tolerance: building tolerance to one substance as a result of using another. And the mechanisms in our brain that cause cross-tolerance to develop show just how interconnected our body’s adaptations are.

Cross-tolerance has a host of implications for everyday life. It affects overdose risk from drug use, complicates addiction recovery, and can even influence the effectiveness of medications for pain management, psychiatry, and chronic disease treatment. 

Here, we explore what cross-tolerance is and how it develops. We’ll also take a look at what the medical community is currently doing to prevent, manage, and treat cross-tolerance for people who use substances or take medications. 

What Is Cross-Tolerance?

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines cross-tolerance1 as “a condition in which tolerance to one drug results in a lessened response (i.e., increased tolerance) to a related drug.”

Cross-tolerance develops when the use of one substance leads to a reduced response to another substance with a similar way of taking effect. This happens due to the body’s adaptation to repeated exposure to a particular type of substance, leading to brain changes that affect your sensitivity. For example, people who develop a tolerance to opioids might also be less sensitive to other substances that affect their opioid receptors, such as certain prescription pain medications.

The APA notes that “Cross-tolerance may be seen with amphetamines, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens, and opiates, among other drugs.”

Other types of substance cross-tolerance include:

  • Alcohol and marijuana 
  • Alcohol and opiates2 
  • Opioids and other opioids
  • Benzos and other sedatives or painkillers 

There’s also evidence to show that you can build cross-tolerance between different psychedelics,3 like LSD (acid) and psilocybin (mushrooms), or mescaline and LSD. This may be because both substances use similar substances to produce effects on the brain. “These two drugs cause psychic disturbances by acting on some common mechanism, or on mechanisms acting through a common final pathway,” say researchers.

Cross-Tolerance in Substance Use

If you use drugs recreationally, cross-tolerance can impact their effectiveness and the risks they carry. 

Cross-tolerance may lessen the desired effects of certain drugs. If you build a tolerance to one drug, you may find it harder to achieve the same level of euphoria or intoxication with a different drug that acts on similar receptors.

Potential for Overdose

Cross-tolerance poses a significant risk of overdose.4 People with higher tolerance may consume higher quantities of a substance, unaware that their tolerance to one substance doesn’t always extend to another. Miscalculating doses in this way increases the risk of toxicity and overdose.

Cross-Tolerance and Polydrug Use

Tolerance can also increase the risks of polydrug use (using multiple drugs at a time). People with cross-tolerance might combine different substances to compensate for reduced effects. This complicates the chemical reactions in your body, increasing the risks of adverse drug reactions, unpredictable interactions, and overdose.

Challenges in Addiction Recovery

Cross-tolerance complicates addiction treatment, as people might require higher doses of medication to achieve therapeutic effects. This can pose challenges in managing withdrawal symptoms and cravings during recovery.

Increased Relapse Risk

People with cross-tolerance can also be at an increased risk of relapse. If you’ve become less sensitive to the effects of one substance, you may be more likely to look for alternatives, which can work against your efforts to stay sober.

How Cross-Tolerance Can Impact the Effectiveness of Your Medication

Cross-tolerance increases the risks of taking certain medications, especially if you use medication regularly for conditions like pain management, a psychiatric disorder, or chronic disease treatment. 

Pain Management

Cross-tolerance complicates the prescription of opioids and other pain-relieving medications. If you’ve developed cross-tolerance through the use of opioid medications, it may reduce their analgesic effects. That means you need higher doses to achieve the same pain relief, increasing the risk of opioid addiction and other negative side effects.

Response to Psychiatric Medications

If you take medication for a psychiatric condition,5 cross-tolerance can change your response to your medication. People with a history of tolerance to one class of psychotropics may need to have their dosage adjusted, or use a different medication to achieve therapeutic effects.

Impact on Chronic Disease Management

Cross-tolerance can impact the effectiveness of medications used to manage chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or heart conditions. Reduced responsiveness can compromise the ability to control your symptoms and manage the progression of the disease.

Overmedication and Increased Side Effects

Cross-tolerance can lead to overmedication as you require higher doses to achieve the intended therapeutic effects. This increases the likelihood of adverse side effects and complications, including overdose.

Treatment Resistance

People with cross-tolerance may develop treatment resistance, where medications lose their effectiveness over time. This poses a significant challenge in managing chronic conditions, and may mean you’ll need to explore alternative treatment approaches.

Managing Cross-Tolerance and Reducing Its Effects

Strategies Used in Professional Settings

If you’re seeking rehab for substance addiction, your program should create an individualized treatment plan that takes your cross-tolerance and need for medication management into account. Your rehab will need to carefully assess your substance use history to tailor treatment effectively. Ideally, they should have a psychiatrist or other specialized medical doctor on their clinical team. 

In an addiction treatment program, or as part of your normal medical or psychiatric care, you should receive a regular medication review.6 In this review, your doctor can check for cross-tolerance and ensure your medications work together effectively without excessive side effects. 

If you’re in recovery and have a history of cross-tolerance, you should receive continuous monitoring and support by qualified professionals. A comprehensive recovery strategy includes regular assessments, adjustments to treatment plans, and ongoing therapy.

Rehab programs often include an educational component to help people understand how addiction works in the mind and body. This may include education about cross-tolerance to help you make informed decisions about your recovery.

Tips for Patients and People Who Use Substances

If you’re concerned about cross-tolerance, it’s important to get guidance from medical care professionals.

If you’re addicted to multiple substances, or want to recover from substance addiction while taking medication, seek professional help via an addiction treatment program that includes medical treatment. Be transparent with your treatment team about substance use patterns so they can tailor treatment plans effectively. Rehab admissions staff can also help you understand what the available treatment options are, and which ones may be most appropriate for you. 

If you use multiple substances and don’t plan on quitting, or don’t feel ready to quit yet, learning harm reduction techniques can help you stay safe and prevent overdose. These are reputable harm reduction resources: 

If your prescribing doctor isn’t already doing so, request regular medication reviews to maintain therapeutic benefits without relying on increased dosing.

The Science Behind Cross-Tolerance

Chemical Processes in the Body

Your brain has an amazing ability to adapt. Unfortunately, that also means it can adapt to repeated exposure to certain substances. This happens on a cellular level, influencing your neurotransmitter (brain chemical) systems, receptor (sites in your brain that receive chemicals) function, and neural plasticity (the ability of your brain to change).

Prolonged exposure to a specific substance can alter your baseline levels of certain neurotransmitters. This includes feel-good chemicals like GABA and dopamine.7 You also become less sensitive to the effects of these chemicals, meaning you need higher doses of a substance to elicit the same response. This is how tolerance is formed.

As your body strives to maintain internal stability in response to chronic substance exposure, it may activate certain mechanisms to counteract the substance. This might include releasing extra enzymes that help metabolize the substance, for example.

With cross-tolerance, these mechanisms of tolerance-building apply to multiple substances. That is, the tolerance you build to one substance affects your tolerance for another. This usually happens between substances that share common receptor systems or pathways. For example, opioids and prescription painkillers can cause cross-tolerance,8 because they work by affecting your opioid receptors.

Risk Factors for Cross-Tolerance

A number of factors can affect your likelihood of developing cross-tolerance:

  • Inherent sensitivity: Some people’s neurotransmitter systems are more sensitive than others. People with naturally high or low sensitivity to certain substances may have different levels of tolerance.
  • Substance type and similarity: Cross-tolerance is more likely to occur between substances that have similar chemical structures or act on the same receptors. 
  • Polydrug use: Using multiple substances increases the risk of cross-tolerance. That’s because exposure to different substances at the same time can lead to overlapping adaptations in neural pathways.
  • Frequency and duration of use: Regular and prolonged use of substances contributes to the development of cross-tolerance, because they influence the extent to which your body adapts to substances. If you have a pattern of bingeing on substances intermittently, this can also accelerate the development of tolerance.
  • Individual metabolism: Your metabolism affects how substances are processed and cleared from the body, and therefore affects the speed at which cross-tolerance develops.
  • Underlying conditions: People with underlying mental health conditions may be more susceptible to cross-tolerance. 
  • Age and developmental stage: Teens and young adults may be more vulnerable to the development of cross-tolerance due to ongoing neural development. Substance exposure during this critical period can have lasting effects on the maturing brain.
  • Environmental factors: Stressful environments and chronic stress can amplify the risk of cross-tolerance. Environmental factors, like exposure to trauma or adverse life events, can prompt addictive behaviors that shape neural adaptations.
  • Rapid tolerance building: Research shows that building tolerance to a substance quickly9 can be a predictor of chronic tolerance and cross-tolerance.

How Research Helps Us Understand Cross-Tolerance

Ongoing research on cross-tolerance plays a pivotal role in our understanding of the complex interactions between substances and the human body. These studies help professionals develop more effective strategies to manage and treat cross-tolerance. 

Implications for Heroin Addiction Recovery

Buprenorphine is an opioid medication that’s used to treat heroin addiction. Because heroin and other opioids are so physically addictive, quitting them cold-turkey can be dangerous. With medication-assisted treatment, patients take a prescribed opioid instead, then taper off under the guidance of their doctor. A recent study finds that for people who regularly use heroin, cross-tolerance to buprenorphine10 is associated with intravenous drug use and a faster return to opioid use.

Effects on Anesthesia 

Cross-tolerance can also affect how effective anesthesia is, which is especially important to know for performing major surgeries. Emerging research looks into how building tolerance to certain substances, like opioids, impacts the effects of anesthesia.11  

Cross-Tolerance Between ADHD Medications

As increasing numbers of people, especially teens and young adults, are taking medication for ADHD, new research explores important considerations for these drugs. One study shows that cross-tolerance and “tolerance build-up” can result from stimulants prescribed to treat ADHD12 when multiple medications are used.

Future Directions 

As the behavioral health community strives to learn more about cross-tolerance, continued research looks at mapping neural pathways, identifying genetic markers, and understanding substance-specific adaptations. Researchers are also further exploring the associations between cross-tolerance and certain mental health conditions.

The more we learn about how cross-tolerance develops, the better medical professionals will be able to prevent, treat, and manage its effects. In the future, this could look like earlier intervention, more precise treatment, and more effective treatment methods. 

Get the Medical Support You Need to Stay Safe

If you use medication regularly to manage pain, chronic disease, or a psychiatric disorder, cross-tolerance can have serious implications for how effective your medications is and what side effects it has.

And if you use multiple substances in combination, or take different substances in sequence, your tolerance to each of those substances can impact your tolerance to others. That poses significant challenges to preventing adverse reactions and managing your risk of overdose. It can also complicate the addiction recovery process and require additional medical support. 

Thankfully, our understanding of cross-tolerance is evolving as scientific research continues.   

If you take multiple medications, it’s a good idea to request regular medication reviews from your prescribing doctor or a qualified psychiatrist. And if you’re ready to get help for an addiction and cross-tolerance is a concern for you, plenty of treatment centers have medical professionals on staff who can ensure your recovery is as safe as possible. 

See our list of medical treatment rehabs to search by conditions treated, insurance accepted, and more, and start your recovery journey today.

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Exploring Recovery and Treatment Options: Your Guide to Mental Health and Addiction Support

It’s a powerful decision to seek treatment for addiction and mental health conditions. Once you commit to recovery, you can begin the process of finding treatment that fits your needs. This can be much simpler than you might expect with the myriad of resources and treatment services available. 

This guide explores the various treatment options for addiction and mental health recovery, so you can identify what will work best for you and your recovery needs.

Understanding Treatment Options and Levels of Care

Your condition, its severity, and other factors typically determine your level of care. Consult with your doctor to see which level they recommend based on your unique situation. Treatment options include:

  1. Inpatient detox with the necessary medical support to manage withdrawal symptoms and make detox a more comfortable and safe experience. You’ll have 24/7 monitoring and support in a live-in environment.
  2. Residential treatment for intensive addiction and mental health treatment focused on your psychological needs and providing a safe, structured environment. Here, you live on-site and engage in full-time therapy to heal underlying factors.
  3. Day treatment offers 30+ hours of weekly therapy, and you’ll typically live at home with evenings available for work or family time.
  4. Intensive outpatient programs provide 20+ hours of weekly therapy in morning, afternoon, or evening sessions to accommodate work and personal needs.
  5. General outpatient includes 1-2 weekly therapy sessions to keep you connected to peers and professional support.
  6. Sober living provides peer housing to keep you connected with daily structure, routines, and accountability.
  7. Virtual treatment offers an all-online recovery experience, using secure online platforms to join meetings and speak with treatment providers in a location convenient to you.

Residential treatment, which usually lasts 28-90 days, provides more intensive care and a monitored living environment that’s substance-free and supportive. Outpatient offers less intensive care when you and your care team decide you feel comfortable living at home and having more independence. Some people progress through each level, starting with detox and ending with sober living. Others may only attend day treatment; your path depends on your unique needs.

When considering treatment, you can also get an idea of where you want to go—if you want to stay close to home, travel to another state (like a southern state in the winter), or go abroad for a completely new experience. Going close to home may be more convenient, while out-of-state or international treatment allows you to enjoy a new environment.

Therapy and Counseling

Therapy and counseling provide regular support on a weekly, biweekly, or monthly basis. You’ll talk 1:1 with a therapist or in a group setting to investigate your condition(s) and its root causes, develop coping tools, and adjust negative self-talk. Your therapist will use one or more evidence-based therapies, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), or a trauma-focused therapy like eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

You can also attend Biblical counseling, marriage counseling, and family counseling to recover from addiction and mental health conditions.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) relieves withdrawal symptoms from opioids and alcohol. It can also prevent relapse by managing cravings1 and causing unpleasant reactions to substances, like Antabuse for alcohol use disorder2. MAT can also refer to psychopharmaceuticals, which are medications for mental health conditions3 like depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders.

A doctor or psychiatrist prescribes MATs based on your symptoms and preferences. Together, you’ll identify how long you’ll be on the medication, effects you can expect, and any negative side effects to be aware of. They may develop a tapering plan to help you gradually lower your dose until you’re off the medication completely.

Support Groups and Peer Counseling

You can join a wide array of support groups for addiction and mental health recovery. Groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous are faith-based and follow the 12 Steps to maintain recovery.

Non-12-Step, peer-led groups include Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART) peer groups, and spiritual groups. A therapist leads group therapies focused on a specific therapy, such as DBT groups.

Exploring Different Therapeutic Approaches

You have multiple therapies available to meet your unique needs. They’ll have different focuses and techniques, but all aim to improve your well-being and resilience. 

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT addresses unhelpful thought patterns and thought distortions4, like black-and-white thinking (something’s either all good or all bad) and discouraging self-talk. Your therapist will help you recognize the thoughts and emotions leading to unhealthy coping behaviors, like addiction. Then, you’ll work on changing or adapting these distortions until they become realistic, positive, and/or manageable. For example, you may recognize shame as a driving factor for taking drugs. CBT helps you challenge that shame, find out where it comes from, and recognize you have other ways to cope. 

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

Similar to CBT, DBT is mindfulness-based and addresses unhelpful thought patterns but with the intent of coping, accepting, and adapting5 rather than challenging the thoughts. It’s renowned for its ability to treat borderline personality disorder, suicidality, and depression, but has wide-spread benefits. DBT can feel more validating and motivating for patients with ingrained thought distortions, encouraging them to navigate them without invalidating their experience and emotions. 

Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing uses direct, person-centered motivation6 to encourage beneficial behavior and implement self-sufficient tendencies. It was first developed to treat alcohol use disorder and encouraged clients to “explore and restore ambivalence.” It helps clients recognize issues and how they’re going to cope with them by tapping into their inner values and goals. For example, a patient may recognize they have an issue with explosive anger; they value others and their feelings, and use that value to motivate changes in their behaviors.

Holistic Approaches

Holistic recovery options address each person as a whole, typically using movement or body-based activities to provide mental and physical healing. Examples include yoga, energy therapy, and creative therapies like art therapy and music therapy. These therapies engage mind and body, promoting recovery in the same. When combined with evidence-based therapies, they can be especially effective7. 

Specialized Programs for Dual Diagnosis

Having a dual diagnosis means you have two or more co-occurring conditions, like a substance use disorder and depression. Many rehabs and other treatment centers offer specialized dual-diagnosis care to treat addiction and its underlying causes. That’s because mental health conditions and addiction, or two mental health conditions, can cause the other8 and become an ongoing cycle. Dual-diagnosis treatment aims to address both conditions at once for a more integrated and personalized recovery experience.

A treatment facility with dual-diagnosis care will often begin treatment with in-depth psychological and physical assessments to diagnose co-occurring conditions and tailor your treatment accordingly. They may also have psychologists and psychiatrists on-staff to offer more informed mental health treatment.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Treatment Program

Once you and your care team narrow down the type of treatment and level of care you need, you can then consider some key logistics to help you make a final decision. Keep the following factors in mind:

  • Location and accessibility. Is it easy to get there? Can you realistically make the commute as often as your treatment plan requires? Consider where you’d like to go for treatment, too—close to home, in another state, or abroad.
  • Cost and insurance coverage. Check to see if the treatment facility you have in mind takes your insurance. If they don’t, or if you don’t have insurance, see if you qualify for a scholarship program or if you can set up a payment plan.
  • Accreditation and licensing. Check to make sure your facility is properly accredited and licensed. They’ll typically include this information prominently on their website, like being accredited by the Joint Commission or CARF, LegitScript certified, and/or licensed in their state to provide treatment.
  • Individualized treatment plans. Will your treatment plan be personalized to your needs? You can confirm this by searching their website or speaking directly with staff to see how they’ll individualize your care.

Start Exploring and Forging Your Path to Recovery Today

Your treatment journey is yours and yours alone. The more you learn about your recovery options, the more confident you can feel starting the journey. Doctors and mental health professionals can also guide you through the process and help you figure out which treatment methods and alternative therapies will suit you best.
To browse a variety of treatment centers, use Recovery.com to see photos, insurance information, and an overview of each center’s treatment options.

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Starting Your Journey: A Guide to Addiction and Mental Health Recovery

Seeking help for addiction and mental health recovery is one of the most important steps you can take in your journey; however, beginning the process can seem daunting and confusing. This guide can help you know where to start, understand your options, and make informed decisions that are best for your recovery needs.

Acknowledge the Need for Help

Recognizing the signs of addiction and mental health concerns is a great step towards recovery. The symptoms you experience will vary by your condition and its severity, but you can expect to notice key impacts on your personal and business life if you’re experiencing a mental health concern, eating disorder, addiction, or other behavioral health issue. 

  • Relationships: Your interpersonal relationships may become neglected if you don’t feel mentally well enough to nurture them and spend time with others. For example, you may fall into a pattern of isolation or cut off friends and family.
  • Employment: Your work performance can decline if you’re suffering from the mental and physical effects of substance use or mental health conditions. It may feel hard to concentrate, meet deadlines, and communicate with your coworkers.
  • Personality change: You may not feel like yourself anymore; something seems off and you may feel perpetually down. Friends and loved ones may notice this as well.
  • Change in interests: What used to interest, entertain, or excite you may suddenly feel boring or like too much effort. Neglecting hobbies and self-care are both examples of this.

If you notice similar effects and symptoms in your life, know help is available. 

Overcoming Barriers to Seeking Help

Remember that getting help and taking care of yourself is never weak—it’s quite the opposite. Stigma can prevent people from seeking treatment1, making it seem shameful or weak to get help. When you take care of yourself, you enable yourself to perform better in all areas of life and take care of your loved ones. 

Where you’re at now, even if it’s uncomfortable, is a place you know. Seeking help and going into treatment is a new experience, so it can seem daunting at first. It can even seem easier to stay where you’re at now and hope things get better on their own. 

To overcome this resistance to change and inspire hope, you can try making a list of all the reasons you want to go to treatment. Use this list to continually remind yourself of your goals and why getting help is so important for your wellbeing and success. Write down your dreams too, and know getting help can move you one step closer to them becoming reality.

It’s okay to not be okay, but with the right help, you can start feeling a lot better.

Dr. Malasri Chaudhery-Malgeri, Ph.D.

You can navigate treatment costs and insurance coverage by checking if a facility accepts your insurance. They’ll often have a free insurance verification form you can fill out online. If you don’t have insurance or they don’t accept yours, you can set up a payment plan or apply for a treatment scholarship if it’s available.

Finding the Right Support System

Support from others can help you overcome fear and resistance surrounding treatment. Tell a loved one, mentor, or trusted friend you think you need treatment. They can help you research your options, provide emotional support, and even go with you to appointments. 

Mental health professionals can and should be part of your support system. You may find support through your therapist, peers in group therapy, or in a peer-led support system like 12-Step groups (Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous) or SMART recovery groups (non-12-Step-based). Your religious organization, if you have one, can also offer support and spiritual counseling.

Taking the First Steps Toward Recovery

Taking that first step to ask for help is incredibly brave. It’s a sign of strength.

Dr. Malasri Chaudhery-Malgeri, Ph.D.

After recognizing your need for help, you can then make the decision to get help. Make this promise to yourself and your support system, if applicable. Let this decision encourage you and offer hope, too.

Make sure you also commit to the journey. It likely won’t be perfect, and that’s okay; aim for progress, not perfection. One way you can do this is through realistic goal-setting. For example, you could set a goal to find a treatment program and set a start date, versus looking to be “cured” in the next 3 weeks. Be kind to yourself and remember each person has their own unique journey with ups and downs.

Your primary care provider can help you start the journey. You can ask them any of the following questions to see what they recommend and how they suggest you begin your recovery:

  1. What level of care do you think I need?
  2. What do my symptoms entail? Help me learn more about this condition and its treatment options.
  3. Would medication benefit me? What may the side effects be?
  4. Do I need to detox? (Describe what you’ve been taking, how much, and for how long, if applicable.)
  5. What coping tools or stress-management techniques do you recommend?
  6. What’s my next step after this appointment?

Then, once you find a program or therapist that’s a good fit for you, you can check to see if they take your insurance and figure out how payments work to offer you peace of mind.

Creating a Recovery Plan

Once you’ve contacted treatment providers, you’ll create a recovery plan with your healthcare professionals. This plan outlines your course of treatment and identifies areas you need specialized care, such as trauma recovery. Your plan will detail the level of care you need, which may include one or all of the options below. 

  • Residential treatment, where you live on-site and participate in daily activities, therapy, and peer groups with 24/7 monitoring. You may also detox in this level of care.
  • Day treatment, with 30+ hours of weekly treatment during the day; you go home or to sober living in the evenings.
  • Intensive outpatient, with 20+ hours of weekly therapy typically offered in the morning, afternoon, or evening to accommodate work schedule and personal obligations.
  • General outpatient, which includes 1-3 group sessions weekly.

Your care plan will include skill building and resources to address triggers and potential relapse risks that you may encounter on your road to recovery. Coping tools and relapse prevention strategies can sustain recovery post-treatment. You may also create a safety plan to manage suicidal thoughts and self-harm. 

Implementing Healthy Coping Mechanisms

Negative and intense emotions are both normal and expected in recovery. Having coping mechanisms in-hand can prepare you for low moments and inspire resiliency. A few stress-management and coping strategies you can use (plus the personalized ones you’ll learn in treatment) include:

  • Daily routines to establish structure and normalcy.
  • Exercise to strengthen your mind and body, and to process strong emotions.
  • Self-care such as journaling, hygiene, and resting to manage discomfort and negativity.
  • Creative outlets like drawing, painting, making music, or writing to release and process emotions. 
  • Talking to friends or loved ones when you feel overwhelmed or alone. 
  • Setting time aside to enjoy hobbies and relaxing activities, like reading or watching a movie.
  • Mindfulness practices like meditation, prayer, and yoga to navigate intense emotions and connect with your body.

Building a Supportive Environment

A supportive environment can benefit you before, during, and after treatment. Surround yourself with people who have your best interests in mind. If you’re seeking treatment for addiction, be sure your friends and social circles support recovery. Distance yourself from people who cause turmoil and set boundaries as needed to maintain your mental and physical health.

You can strengthen your support by staying in communication with your friends and family about your recovery process and any needs you have. Let them know how you’re doing and how they can support you. For example, you may call a friend after encountering a trigger to discuss your experience and how it made you feel. Talking through emotions can prevent rumination and relapse.

Celebrating Milestones and Progress

Make sure you’re celebrating your progress! Every positive change, or even just a step toward it, deserves celebration. Milestones may include “X” days, weeks, months, or years sober, or reaching a goal you and your therapist set in treatment. Let your support system know each time you reach a milestone so they can share your joy.

You can also celebrate the evidence of learning coping skills in treatment. For example, you may notice you identified a distorted thought and didn’t let it bring your mood down. Celebrate that skill you learned and take encouragement from its benefits. 

As you go through your journey of ups and downs, keep your long-term goals in mind. Progress and achieving short-term goals can motivate you to keep pursuing larger goals, like being sober for a decade or finishing out a tough degree. Write down your long and short-term goals to reflect on what you accomplish and keep them top of mind.

Start the Journey Today

With professional help, support, and a myriad of resources available, recovery from addiction and mental health conditions is possible. Stay firm in your decision to get help and commit to setting goals. Watch and celebrate your progress as you go to stay dedicated and keep those goals in mind.
And remember, any step towards healing gets you closer than you were before. Take that first step today by browsing Recovery.com for residential rehabs, outpatient facilities, and virtual options that fit your needs. Find insurance information, photos, reviews, and more to help inform your decision and empower you to find the best treatment for you.

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Empowering Support: Resources and Strategies for Loved Ones in Mental Health and Addiction Treatment

Addiction and mental health conditions don’t only affect the individual—they affect the entire family unit. If you know someone in recovery, chances are you are a part of the healing process. 

Support from loved ones plays a critical role in the treatment journey, not just as a supplementary aspect of care but as a core component of successful recovery. Your help is a profound act of love, but it comes with challenges. Loved ones can face obstacles that test their resilience, patience, and emotional stability. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing strategies to navigate them effectively. 

Understanding the Role of Loved Ones

Each person’s journey with recovery looks different, and so does the support of their loved ones. Regardless of when you joined their treatment journey, your help matters. 

When a person undergoes addiction or mental health treatment, support from loved ones can greatly improve their outcomes1. Family engagement can lead to fewer relapses, longer duration between relapses, reduced hospital admissions, shorter inpatient stays, and improved compliance to medication and treatment plans.

These massive patient benefits are likely why you want to help your loved one through recovery; however, witnessing their struggle with mental health issues or addiction can be emotionally taxing2. The constant worry and need to provide ongoing support can be physically and mentally exhausting. This can lead to emotional burnout3, where the supporter feels overwhelmed and unable to continue providing care effectively.

Assisting a loved one through treatment requires patience, understanding, and a compassionate approach. Your guidance during this time is invaluable; however, remember that you don’t have to do it alone. There are many resources to support you and your loved one during recovery.

Types of Resources Available

To support your loved one to the best of your abilities, you will need outside help. Fortunately, there are multiple avenues available.

Educational Resources

Substance use disorders and mental health conditions can be very complex. The more you know about the condition(s), and what your loved one is going through, the better equipped you both are to navigate recovery.

To learn more about different disorders, types of treatment, insurance coverage for rehab, and more, visit our Resource Library to explore comprehensive articles covering a variety of educational topics.

You may also do your own research and talk to medical professionals to stay informed. Reading up on the condition(s) can provide you with a basic understanding of the symptoms, treatments, and potential risks. Speaking with a doctor or your loved one’s care team can offer personalized insights and information. 

Support Groups

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) groups use the 12-Steps program as their foundation. AA and NA hosts meetings for family members of people with substance or behavioral addictions to learn from the others’ shared experiences. They offer in-person or virtual groups across the country. Find an Al-Anon or Nar-Anon group near you. 

SMART Recovery also offers family support groups, however they differ from the 12 Steps by focusing on one’s resilience and ability to overcome addiction rather than a higher power.

For those with a loved one in mental health care, the National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) provides family support groups. During sessions, peers discuss their experiences to foster understanding and hope. You may work on coping skills, forgiving yourself for past mistakes, releasing judgment, and embracing resilience. Groups are free and confidential. Find a NAMI family support group near you.

Therapy and Counseling

Family therapy will likely be an option as part of your loved one’s treatment plan. Addiction and mental health treatment is more effective with family therapy4, helping both the person in recovery and loved ones. By making positive changes in family dynamics, therapy can reduce the stress of having a loved one in treatment and improve how families treat each other as a whole. In a family therapy session, you can set boundaries, work on communication skills, and resolve conflicts.

You may choose to seek professional 1:1 counseling. It can provide a confidential and safe space for you to process your feelings, develop coping strategies, and maintain your well-being while supporting your loved one. Your therapist might help you communicate your boundaries, prioritize self-care, and practice stress management techniques.

Strategies for Supporting Treatment

Supporting a loved one through treatment for mental health issues or addiction is a compassionate yet complex journey. It requires patience, understanding, and a proactive attitude to support your loved one and take care of your own well-being. A well-rounded approach, emphasizing helpful communication, is key. 

Effective Communication Techniques

Talking to someone who’s experiencing addiction or mental health issues can be an opportunity to show your empathy and understanding5. You can approach these conversations with a calm and non-judgmental attitude. Show that you genuinely care and want to listen. And be clear that you’re concerned about them.

Encourage them to share their feelings by asking open-ended questions like “Can you tell me what you’ve been going through?” or “How have you been feeling lately?” 

Try to make your loved one feel seen by acknowledging their experiences. You can say things such as “Tell me how you are feeling, I care about your feelings and well-being,” or “I am right here for you. Tell me how I can help you.” Empathize with what they’re experiencing—they’ll be more likely to trust you for help.

Your loved one is going through a challenging time, so try your best to be patient. Stay calm and collected when they tell you about their feelings. Make sure they know that they don’t have to go through this alone. Remind them that seeking help is a positive step.

Setting Boundaries and Practicing Self-Care

Setting healthy boundaries can help maintain a positive relationship dynamic and prevent enabling behaviors. Boundaries are essential for both your loved one and yourself, as supporting someone in recovery can be emotionally taxing.

For example, you can express that you won’t participate in activities or situations that enable their addiction, but you’ll support their recovery efforts. This could look like withholding money they would use to buy drugs or not bailing them out of jail. You can offer your help finding appropriate treatment and stay consistent with your support. 

Take care of yourself by setting healthy boundaries, seeking support from others, and practicing self-care. You cannot care for someone else if you are not taking care of your own needs first.

Encouraging and Reinforcing Positive Behaviors

Recognizing both big and small achievements propel the recovery journey. Your loved one is likely to sustain recovery by staying positive and motivated6. Conversations should stay optimistic and realistic—acknowledge their hard work and express your belief that they can overcome these challenges. You can offer regular support and words of affirmation with your love and confidence in their ability to recover. 

Milestones could look like attending therapy sessions regularly, reaching sobriety cornerstones,  or simply having a good day. You can personalize celebrations to what your loved one finds meaningful and enjoyable, such as a favorite meal or a small gathering with close friends and family. 

Establishing traditions around milestones can give your loved one something to look forward to. For example, for each month of sobriety, you might plant a new flower in the garden.

Ways to Help Loved Ones Help Themselves

One of the best ways you can help your loved one is by guiding them towards tools to effectively sustain recovery by themselves. Your loved one may deal with uncomfortable feelings for the rest of their life because of their condition(s). Creating healthy habits can manage discomfort during their journey.

Outside of professional treatment, your loved one can participate in multiple self-reflection and self-care techniques to support their recovery. Taking time to reflect on personal values and treatment goals can help your loved one stay aligned with their desires. Journaling can be therapeutic7, so encourage them to write responses to questions such as 

  1. What events or decisions led you to this point in your recovery journey? How do you feel about them now?
  2. What triggers have you identified that impact your mental health or addiction? What healthy coping mechanisms have you found effective?
  3. What are the most important lessons you’ve learned from your experiences before and during recovery?
  4. What achievements, big or small, have you made in your recovery? How did you accomplish them?
  5. What personal strengths have you discovered or strengthened through your recovery process? How have they helped you?
  6. How has your journey affected your relationships with family and friends? Are there relationships that need mending or strengthening?
  7. What are you grateful for today? How does gratitude impact your recovery journey?
  8. Write a letter to yourself expressing compassion and understanding for your journey. What would you say?

You could offer to engage in healthy activities with your loved one to support their recovery. You might take a walk or do yoga with them for exercise, and you could make healthy, nutritious dinners with them. Your loved one may enjoy creative outlets such as painting, so you could do a weekly paint night with them. And promote supportive relationships with family, friends, or support groups who understand and encourage their recovery journey.

By integrating these healthy self-care practices into daily life, your loved one in recovery can build a strong foundation for sustained well-being and resilience. You play a valuable role in their treatment journey, so be sure to give yourself the love and recognition you deserve. With your help and professional support, your loved one can create a healthier, more fulfilling life.

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How to Navigate Mental Health and Addiction After Treatment

Recovery is an ongoing journey, and intensive treatment arms you with essential tools. After treatment, continuing to use these tools and learn new ones can sustain lasting recovery. Aftercare planning can give you resources for success.

Aftercare, also called continuing care, can reduce relapse rates, help you stay sober, and enable you to lead a healthy, fulfilling life1. You and your care team will create an aftercare plan detailing treatment options, support groups, and lifestyle habits to follow post-residential care. Your aftercare plan will be tailored to your unique needs, ensuring personalized recovery. 

Transitioning Out of Treatment

Completing intensive treatment is a milestone to celebrate; however, transitioning back to daily life after addiction or mental health treatment comes with a unique set of changes and manageable challenges. These obstacles can be broad and vary from person to person, but understanding them can help you navigate this phase more effectively. 

One of the most significant difficulties in this transition is applying lessons learned in treatment to your daily tasks. Without proper guidance, it may be difficult to maintain these skills when you’re no longer in a trigger-free environment. Other challenges include rebuilding relationships, finding a safe home environment, and financial stability2—fortunately, the skills you learn and practice in aftercare can address all of these.

Aftercare services are a vital part of a successful transition2 and allow you to continuously practice coping techniques and stay connected in recovery. Although your recovery is your responsibility, multiple avenues of support can assist your journey.

Types of Post-Treatment Support

Each of these support options plays a vital role in addressing different aspects of recovery and relapse prevention. 

  1. Outpatient care: These programs allow you to live at home while attending treatment sessions. Programs can vary in intensity and frequency, from daily sessions to meeting twice a week. Outpatient programs usually include evidence-based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation.
  1. Sober living: Sober living provides a substance-free, supportive living environment for those transitioning out of residential treatment. Residents typically follow house rules, complete chores, and continue in outpatient care, therapy, and support groups while living there.
  1. Talk therapy: Weekly psychotherapy with a therapist can be helpful to continue skill building and work through stressors. During individual therapy sessions, you’ll likely engage in various therapeutic methods like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).
  1. 12-Step support groups: Programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) offer ongoing support through in-person and virtual meetings and a structured program of recovery steps. These groups provide a sense of community and mutual support from peers who are also in recovery.
  1. Non-12-Step support groups: Alternatives to 12-step programs, such as SMART Recovery, offer a non-religious approach to recovery and focus on self-empowerment and self-reliance. Peer support from those with similar experiences can maintain motivation in recovery3. Those healing from mental health concerns can find community in National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) support groups.
  1. Alumni Program: Your treatment center may provide an alumni program where you can bond with peers through in-person or virtual alumni meetings, sober events, or group trips. The program might include follow up check-ins and therapy sessions with a counselor, as well.
  1. Medication management: For some people, especially those recovering from opioid addiction, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) can be an effective component of post-treatment support4. Medications like methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms under medical supervision. Medication management for antidepressants, antipsychotics, and more can assist recovery for those with mental health concerns.
  1. Holistic and wellness programs: Activities such as yoga, mind–body therapies, acupuncture, and meditation can be an effective way to manage addiction and mental health symptoms5. Combining holistic modalities with evidence-based therapies can provide a well-rounded approach to care and an alternative way to heal. Additionally, proper exercise and nutritional counseling can support overall well-being and stress management in recovery6.

Building a Supportive Environment

Creating a support network with strong relationships is a foundational aspect of long-lasting recovery. Social support in recovery can reduce stress, increase self-efficacy, and motivate sobriety or remission7. When you return home, you’ll want to connect with loved ones who supported you through the treatment process. Let them know how much their help and encouragement means to your recovery. Try your best to plan regular get togethers with friends and family, as avoiding isolation and bolstering these relationships can make recovery easier.

You may want to revisit relationships that were strained by your condition(s). This is an opportunity to practice the communication skills learned in treatment and show your growth, empathy, and patience. 

Your social circle should fully support your recovery efforts, contributing to a healthy home environment. You can also adjust other factors in your life that create a supportive living space, including removing triggers (such as substances), decluttering your home, practicing mindfulness, prioritizing sleep, and building a routine with meal times, exercise, and hobbies.  

Coping Strategies and Relapse Prevention

Recovery is something you actively engage in for the rest of your life. There may be times when you experience uncomfortable feelings and situations; however, with the right tools, you can navigate through uneasy moments. 

Triggers can look like stress from work, relationships, finances, and certain establishments. It may be smart to avoid bars or similar environments to prevent attending a high-risk situation. Recognizing these triggers and planning how to manage them can prevent relapse.

During treatment and after, you’ll practice using coping techniques, which can look like breathing exercises, regulating emotions through journaling, and saying “no” to situations that do not serve your recovery. It’s important to mindfully use coping skills in both uncomfortable situations and relaxed environments—that way, when a time arises when you need to use the skill, you’ve practiced it in low-stress times and feel comfortable using it.

You and your care team can create a personalized relapse prevention plan. This plan addresses potential triggers, outlines coping strategies, and identifies supportive resources, making it a cornerstone of successful long-term recovery.

Monitoring Progress and Adjustments

Although recovery is alinear, all healthy progress should be tracked and celebrated. To ensure that you’re engaging in activities that suit your current recovery needs, you can have regular check-ins with your healthcare providers. What may have worked in the beginning of your treatment experience might not serve you years down the road. You might find journaling about your 1 month, 1 year, and 5 year goals helpful. You can also write answers to questions such as:

  1. What were your main goals when you started the aftercare program? How well do you feel these goals are being met?
  2. In what ways have you changed since beginning your aftercare program? Consider habits, thought patterns, emotional responses, and relationships.
  3. What are the most significant challenges you’ve faced during your recovery process, and how have you addressed them? How has your aftercare program supported you in these challenges?
  4. What new coping strategies or skills have you learned through your aftercare program? How effectively are you able to apply these in real-life situations?
  5. In what areas do you feel you still need to grow or improve? How can your aftercare program or other resources assist you in these areas?

Staying flexible yet focused on your end goals can help you feel more fulfilled in your recovery. Every milestone, whether achieving 1 year of sobriety or simply having a good day, should be celebrated. Honoring your efforts can help you stay motivated and recognize how far you have come in your recovery journey.