Tag: Drug Addiction

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The Untold Power of Compassionate Care: Addressing Stigma with Dr. Ishant Rana

In our recent podcast episode, Recovery.com was thrilled to talk with Dr. Ishant Rana, Clinical Director at Alpha Healing Center. We explored the weight of stigma in India and how rehabs like Alpha Healing Center actively shift from punitive approaches to compassionate, personalized care. Dr. Ishant describes the impact he sees and ways the behavioral healthcare system could improve even further. 

Listen to Dr. Ishant Rana’s podcast episode here. 

Building Experience and Understanding

Dr. Ishant Rana has practiced clinical psychology in India for over 13 years. He graduated from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore, India. He’s worked across a variety of focuses, including addiction, personality disorders, psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Dr. Rana joined Alpha Healing Center as Clinical Director, impressed with their multifaceted programs and respectful, non-stigmatized approach to care.

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Alpha Healing Center combines medical and psychological care, helping clients safely detox and receive the mental healthcare they need. They use advanced services like neurofeedback and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to heal addiction’s underlying causes, all while providing comfortable living spaces and an atmosphere of support and camaraderie.

Making a Difference with Personalized Treatment And Education

Dr. Rana’s work at Alpha Healing Center leverages multiple forms of therapy, medical services, and holistic practices to create personalized care plans for each patient. Alpha Healing Center treats both addiction and underlying mental health concerns, helping Dr. Rana and his colleagues provide the comprehensive care needed. 

Dr. Rana believes everyone needs and deserves help, especially people with substance dependence who may otherwise be seen as “too difficult.” His work at Alpha Healing Center allows him to provide the compassionate care needed to overcome stigma and impose the empowering possibility of recovery. He’s found psychoeducation to be a particularly powerful tool in disputing stigmas around addiction, including myths like:

  • Addiction is caused by a lack of willpower; enough willpower treats addiction
  • Relapses mean treatment failed
  • Someone with an addiction must also have a personality disorder

Science-backed truths educate patients and their loved ones, helping them heal as a unit.

Future Directions and Hope for Communities

As Dr. Rana outlines in his podcast episode, accurate addiction education can benefit both the person suffering and their loved ones. Psychoeducation teaches the truths about addiction and mental health conditions, helping communities view those with addiction in a more helpful light. Rather than being shunned or disgraced, those with addiction could instead receive support and encouragement to attend treatment. 

Fortunately, this is already happening in India and worldwide, especially as younger generations set the standard for mental health awareness and non-stigmatized care. As families and individuals learn more about addiction, they become more equipped to support their loved ones and pursue treatment with hope compassionately. Dr. Rana says,

“So people are getting better, they’re learning more, but I think we have to go a long way,” says Ishant.

Like recovery itself, education and awareness are journeys. Practitioners like Ishant Rana and Alpha Healing Center combat stigma and change viewpoints in hundreds of lives through their caring, evidence-based care, creating an approach that leaves a lasting impact.

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Challenges in Education: COVID-19, Addiction, and Mental Health

Newer generations have had to hurdle many new challenges in their education—a global pandemic, a rise in school violence, and an unmet demand for mental health and addiction treatment. COVID-19, in particular, completely shifted how school and socializing worked, and many students still feel those effects. 

These challenges have brought a rise in mental health and addiction struggles in teens despite their resilience and desire for treatment. Fortunately, students and their families have many resources for healing. Dr. Dana Battaglia highlights some of these resources in our recent podcast episode; listen here.

Stats on Addiction in School-Age Kids

Kids and teens often experiment with substances like alcohol and tobacco. “Study drugs” like Adderall often pass hands1 during finals or other testing seasons. School can be an easy place to get and distribute vapes, marijuana, and “hard” drugs like cocaine. Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused substance2 among teens, followed by marijuana and tobacco products. Here are the stats at a glance:

  • 61.5% of teens have overused alcohol by their senior year
  • In 2022, 407,000 teens 12-17 years old met criteria for alcohol use disorder
  • 35.2% of teens smoked or vaped marijuana in 2022
  • 788,000 teens ages 12-17 met criteria for illicit drug use disorder in 2022 (1-in-8 teens)
  • Half of teens have misused a substance once or more

Between 2016 and 2020, the rate of 8th graders taking drugs went up 61%. One in 8 teens abuse drugs, making youth drug use a major public health concern2. Not only does substance use damage their health and well-being, but it can also impact their ability to do well academically and advance to college. 

Social acceptance and peer pressure could initiate substance use. For example, teens may feel pressured to drink at a party to fit in and not seem like a ‘downer.’ Drinking in these situations can progress into drinking in other situations, like casual hangouts with friends or even alone in their room. 

Similar to alcohol, vaping has been normalized among teens, leading to a reported 2.1 million teens using vapes in the U.S3. Well over half of teens want to quit but haven’t had successful attempts. Starting tobacco use as a teen often leads to continued use in adulthood.

Mental Health Stats in School-Age Kids

Mental health conditions, especially untreated, can also impact students’ abilities to succeed in school and maintain their well-being. Mental health conditions can also lead to substance use4 as a coping mechanism, potentially leading to addiction. These are some stats on mental health conditions in students:

When mental health conditions affect a student’s ability to learn, they’re classified as having an “emotional disturbance.” Having an emotional disturbance makes students eligible for an individual education program6 (IEP), which offers more personalized education services and catered support services to help students succeed. However, few students get this important support. Many schools and teachers don’t have the resources to care for these students, leading to more suspensions and removals. 

Solutions center around seamless, integrated care—mental health support, educational support, and parental support all in one place: school. 

Impact of COVID-19 on Teen Education and Well-Being

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic changed how teens and children got their education, socialized, and learned. Many lost out on major milestones like graduation and prom. In-person classrooms became Zoom meetings on small Chromebook screens. As schools and educators adapted for virtual learning, new problems took root. 

A survey done by the Center for Disease Control7 reported these findings:

  • Of U.S. high school students, 67% felt like schoolwork got harder
  • 55% suffered emotional abuse at home
  • 11% suffered physical abuse
  • 24% didn’t have enough to eat during the pandemic

Adding in isolation and loneliness, these factors could strongly impact learning and teen mental health. Students also reported excessive homework and assignments8, lack of motivation, and difficulty with finding a balance between school and life. Those who needed extra help in the classroom lost access to the in-person, 1-1 attention required to help them stay on track. 

Students also lost the vital social interactions offered in a classroom. One student says9, 

“Learning without the social cues of a classroom was difficult. At in-person school, I took notes when I could see that everyone around me did. During Zoom, I didn’t know what I was supposed to be doing.” 


The National Center for Education Statistics found that in 2022, 9-year-olds scored lower in both reading and math10 compared to 2020. Reading scores saw their biggest drop in over 30 years, and math scores went down for the first time ever recorded. These changes happened because of COVID-19 disruptions like school closures and virtual learning. Despite these challenges, teachers, parents, and communities helped support students and prevented scores from falling even further. The same student from above echoes that, saying,

“People adapt and become stronger even with uncertainty. I can deal with it too.”

Preventative Measures and Available Resources for Healing

Students with mental health conditions, whether influenced by COVID or not, have multiple resources available for healing. But they often don’t know they’re there. 

Overwhelmed schools and staff can rarely provide the awareness many students need to know they have resources available, like access to school counselors, therapists, and state-funded mental health programs. Adequate awareness of these resources could help students access crucial mental health and addiction support before issues affect their learning and well-being. 

Students can also access resources outside of school, like therapy, intensive outpatient programs, or youth-focused crisis services. Many crisis services focus specifically on youths and certain demographics, like LGBTQ+ teens. Here are a few lines you can call or text:

  • TrevorLifeline: help for LGBTQ+ young adults needing support. Text 678678, call (866) 488-7386, or chat with them online.  
  • Hey Sam: peer support for people up to 24 years old. Text 439-726 from 9AM to 12AM ET and talk about anything on your mind.
  • Teen Line: support and resources for teens offered by highly trained volunteers. Call (800) 852-8336, text 839863, and chat online.

Future Goals and Ideas

Students showed resiliency through the COVID-19 pandemic and day-to-day struggles with mental health conditions and addiction. Gen Z takes an active stance in reducing their likelihood of addiction by drinking less11, up to 20% less than Millennials. Wellness trends, better awareness on mental health and addiction, and viewing mental health as important as physical health add up to make an inspiring impact.

Encouragement from schools, parents, and peers to maintain this momentum could reduce addiction and related mental health conditions in an entire generation. 

More mental health staff at schools could support this positive change and extend it to younger generations. For example, a school may employ a social worker for every grade who can provide in-the-moment crisis support, connect students to available care options, and educate parents on the support needed. 

Schools could also change or reduce punishments for substance use. As an example, catching a student vaping or drinking on-campus could automatically enroll them in an educational after-school program rather than a suspension. Mandatory education on drinking, drug use, and mental health conditions could also teach students the dangers of substance use and prevent addiction before it starts.

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Mastering Relapse Prevention Planning: Your Guide to Sustained Recovery

Addiction recovery is a journey that extends beyond initial treatment, involving continuous commitment and proactive planning. Relapse prevention planning helps maintain long-term recovery by identifying potential triggers and creating actionable responses. This approach strengthens recovery for substance use disorders, behavioral addictions, mental health concerns, and other conditions. 

Our comprehensive guide outlines relapse prevention planning’s key components and practical steps for creating and implementing an effective plan.

Understanding Relapse Prevention

Relapse prevention planning helps people in recovery avoid relapse—which means using substances after a period of abstaining or reverting to unhealthy habits and thought patterns in mental disorders. Relapse prevention is a critical component in managing conditions1 like major depressive disorder, anorexia nervosa, substance use disorders, and other medical conditions. 

Relapse doesn’t always occur overnight. There are complex signs and precursory emotional, mental, and physical phases2. Emotional relapse begins with anxiety, anger, or isolation. Mental relapse involves cravings, minimizing consequences of the past, bargaining, lying, and planning a relapse. Then, the physical relapse happens: drinking again, refusing to eat, lapsing into a severe depressive state, etc. 

Not everyone in recovery will relapse, but it is often a part of the recovery process3—and that’s okay. Relapse prevention can help you address these obstacles and keep you on the right track.

Relapse prevention planning aims to recognize and address these signals before they escalate to the physical stage. It utilizes a cognitive behavioral approach to prevent a relapse and provide appropriate skills on what to do if a relapse does occur. Relapse prevention is usually a combination of education, coping strategy development, trigger identification, building support networks, and lifestyle changes. Each plan is tailored to meet personal needs.

The Components of a Relapse Prevention Plan

An effective relapse prevention plan covers multiple life facets. Essential components of a relapse prevention4 include:

  • Identifying triggers: Internal and external cues can be emotional (such as stress or anger), physical (such as fatigue), or environmental (such as certain social situations or locations). Recognizing these helps in strategizing how to manage or avoid them.
  • Coping skills: Effective coping strategies can help you deal with triggers before they cause a relapse. These strategies could include skills like deep breathing, mindfulness, or other stress management techniques. Additionally, you’ll learn skills to refuse offers of drugs or alcohol and strategies to escape high-risk situations.
  • Enhancing self-efficacy: Throughout relapse prevention planning, you are encouraged to make choices and contribute ideas to your recovery actively. Your care team may emphasize that recovery is not about willpower but rather skills acquisition. Empowerment from professionals can help you take charge of your future and well-being, fostering sustainable recovery. 
  • Psychoeducation: Understanding the nature of addiction, mental health disorders, and relapse, including its biological, psychological, and social aspects, helps in managing it effectively. 
  • Healthy routine: Maintaining daily healthy routines supports overall well-being and reduces the likelihood of relapse. You’ll find balance in regular exercise, a nutritious diet, adequate sleep, and engaging in healthy, sober hobbies. 
  • Support systems: You and your therapist will create a plan to build a support network that includes friends, family, clinical professionals, and support groups. This network provides emotional support, accountability, and a safety net in times of crisis.
  • Emergency plan: If you feel close to relapsing, your care team can help you create a detailed emergency plan. This plan will outline who to contact, where to go for help, and what steps to follow to stay safe.

Recovery is an ongoing process, so having the right tools can help you manage addiction or mental health conditions. Sustainable healing is built by small, everyday efforts.

Building Your Personal Relapse Prevention Plan

Creating a tailored relapse prevention plan involves a detailed, personalized approach. 

Reflect on Your Recovery Goals

You’ll want to begin planning by writing about 3 key recovery components: 

  1. Reflect on your recovery history. In treatment, what worked and what didn’t work? If you’ve relapsed before, what led to it? What were your triggers before you got treatment? Learn from mistakes of the past to make a realistic relapse prevention plan.
  2. Write down personal, relationship, and employment goals to highlight situations you want to be in and people you want to be around. 
  3. Identify your triggers—all the people, places, and things that could cause stress. Developing coping strategies for each trigger can empower you to live life without fear.

Coping Skill Development

There may be times when you experience uncomfortable feelings and situations; however, with the right tools, you can navigate through these moments. You may practice coping techniques such as breathing exercises, regulating emotions through journaling, saying “no” to situations that do not serve your recovery, and exercise. This can help you walk into any situation with confidence. 

Continuing Therapeutic Care

Attending outpatient care or talk therapy sessions can help you navigate foreign situations and continue skill-building. During individual therapy sessions, you’ll likely engage in various therapeutic methods like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). 

You may also participate in support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) / Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and SMART Recovery. Peer support from those with similar experiences can maintain motivation in recovery5. Those healing from mental health concerns can find community in National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) support groups.

Structured Routine

Creating a daily routine that promotes physical and mental health, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and sufficient sleep, can bolster sustainable recovery6. A scheduling system, such as time blocking in a calendar, can help you avoid idle time that might lead to thoughts or behaviors associated with relapse.

Support Systems

Creating a support network with strong relationships is a foundational aspect of long-lasting recovery. Social support in recovery can reduce stress, increase self-efficacy, and motivate sobriety or remission7. Your relapse prevention plan can detail how you will connect with loved ones who supported you through the treatment process. You may make new friends through sober activities and groups. Try your best to plan regular get-togethers with friends and family, as avoiding isolation and bolstering these relationships can make recovery easier. 

“The opposite of addiction is connection.” –  Johann Hari

Emergency Plan and Contacts

In case of emergency, have a clear plan with proactive steps, such as calling a specific person, attending a support group meeting, or going to a safe place. You can keep a list of emergency contacts, including supportive friends, family, and healthcare providers.

Implementing Your Plan

A relapse prevention plan can be broken down into small, manageable steps. You can begin each day with a consistent morning routine that includes healthy, pro-recovery activities such as meditation, reading, exercising, or journaling. This sets a proactive, positive tone for the day and reinforces your commitment to recovery.

You can keep a daily planner and include time slots for activities that support your recovery, such as therapy sessions, support group meetings, or time with friends and family. Planning helps manage stress and avoids the chaos that can lead to relapse. Your planner can also help you track exercise, meals, and sleep.

Stay connected with your support network through regular check-ins via phone calls, texts, or in-person meetings. These connections provide strength and accountability, crucial for everyday recovery maintenance.

At the end of each day, spend time reflecting. Assess what went well and identify any challenges you encountered. Use this reflection to adapt your plan and prepare for the next day.

Monitoring Progress and Making Adjustments

All progress should be tracked and celebrated. You can have regular check-ins with yourself and your care team to ensure you’re engaging in activities that suit your current recovery needs. What may have worked in the beginning of your recovery might not serve you years down the road. Try writing answers each month for questions such as:

  1. What were your main goals when you created your relapse prevention plan? How well do you feel these goals are being met?
  2. In what ways have you changed since leaving primary treatment? Consider your habits, thought patterns, emotional responses, and relationships.
  3. What are the most significant challenges you’ve faced during your recovery process, and how have you addressed them? How has your relapse prevention plan supported you in these challenges?
  4. What new coping strategies or skills have you learned through your relapse prevention plan? How effectively are you able to apply these in real-life situations?
  5. In what areas do you feel you still need to grow or improve? How can your relapse prevention plan or other resources assist you in these areas?

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Relapse prevention planning aims to provide useful tools for navigating difficult moments in recovery. Anticipating potential obstacles and feeling confident in your ability to manage them can help you move through life optimistically. 

Often, those in recovery may feel overwhelmed at social gatherings, holidays, or certain places because they trigger cravings or old behaviors. One of the best ways to manage this is by simply choosing not to attend the event; however, this is not always possible. You can plan ahead by bringing a supportive friend, having an exit strategy, and preparing responses to offers of substances.

Uncomfortable emotions, such as stress and loneliness, are a part of life, and implementing skills from your relapse prevention plan can help mitigate the impact of these feelings. You may find engaging in mindfulness and relaxation exercises like meditation and box breathing helpful. Consistent exercise can help reduce negative emotions8 and the chance of relapse. Keeping in touch with supportive friends and family can help ensure you always have a shoulder to lean on.

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Sometimes, it’s challenging to explain to new friends why you choose to abstain from drugs and alcohol. This can happen with long-time friends and family members, as well. If this person ignores your reasoning and continues to pressure you, this may signify that they do not care for your well-being as much as you do. It can be hard to distance yourself from others but know that there are people who will support your recovery efforts. And a true loved one will only want you to engage in activities that benefit your health.  

Communicating Boundaries to Your Support Network

Setting and communicating boundaries in recovery is important for your relationships and a practice of self-love. Without boundaries, you may say “yes” to things you don’t want to, avoid necessary conversations, and be consumed by others’ negative feelings. Prioritizing your boundaries ensures that you’re aligned with what’s best for your well-being.

Before communicating with others, take time to understand your own needs and boundaries. What specific support do you need? What behaviors or situations are helpful or harmful to your recovery? Being clear about these will help you articulate them more effectively to others.

Clarity is an act of kindness, so be honest and straightforward in these conversations with your loved ones. You can frame the conversation around “I” statements to express your feelings and needs without blaming others. For example, say “I feel overwhelmed when we talk about drinking at parties, and I need us to focus on other topics,” instead of accusing or blaming them. 

Stay consistent with your boundaries; this will help others respect them. Be sure to let loved ones know that you appreciate their trust. You can also encourage an open dialogue by asking for their thoughts and feelings about your recovery process. This can strengthen the relationship and make them feel involved and valued in your journey.

Ongoing Recovery and Maintenance

Maintaining recovery motivation is possible through small, concerted everyday efforts. It’s often easier to break down long-term goals into more manageable chunks, such as committing to a weekly support meeting and exercising 5x weekly. A recovery journal can document your thoughts, feelings, challenges, and successes. Reviewing your journal can visualize how far you’ve come and remind you why you started this journey.

A structured daily routine with adequate rest, proper nutrition, and movement can provide stability and reduce uncertainty. This can help manage stress and avoid situations where one might be tempted to relapse.

You can also learn new skills or hobbies to occupy your time, build self-esteem, and provide a sense of accomplishment. These new activities can serve as positive outlets for stress and boredom.

A day of sobriety is a day worth being celebrated! The effort to choose your health and well-being every day is a great feat, so continue to reflect and pride yourself on your hard work.

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Substance Abuse Evaluations: Why They Matter and What to Expect

If you’re starting treatment for a substance use disorder, a substance abuse evaluation is a foundational first step. 

This confidential chat with a qualified professional—usually a therapist, psychologist, or social worker—dives deep into your relationship with substances. Through a series of questions and possibly some tests, they’ll determine if you have a substance use disorder (SUD) and how serious it is. They’ll also look at how substances affect your daily life, from your mental health to your job and relationships.

Why all the questions? This intel helps your treatment team build a treatment plan just for you, to set you up for success in recovery.

Here’s how it works.

What Is a Substance Abuse Evaluation?

In a rehab setting, this assessment is how a treatment center gets to know its patients. This process is important because it helps staff create an effective treatment plan. It’s one way to learn data that helps your treatment team determine the best course of action.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis helps you and your treatment team get a clearer picture of what’s going on. 

To make a diagnosis, a qualified addiction treatment professional will talk to you in detail about your substance use. They’ll ask about what you’ve used, how often, and for how long. They’ll want to know if you’ve ever tried to quit before, and how your substance use affects your daily life.

Taken together, this information lets a clinician diagnose an SUD (or co-occurring mental health condition) and determine its severity.

Knowing exactly what you’re dealing with helps your treatment team create a recovery plan that’s right for you.

Treatment Planning for Addiction 

Your team will use the information they gathered from your evaluation to create a personalized treatment plan that fits your unique needs. This treatment plan is like a roadmap to your recovery. 

A thorough substance abuse assessment helps your therapists understand the biological, psychological, and social aspects of your addiction.1 Having a comprehensive picture lets your rehab tailor the treatment plan to address your addiction and any underlying issues that are causing it.

Legal Requirements

In some cases, substance abuse evaluations might be court-ordered. This happens in situations where the legal system needs a clearer picture of your substance use. For instance, if you’re arrested for driving under the influence (DUI), a judge might require an evaluation2 to assess the severity of your problem and decide if treatment is necessary. Substance abuse evaluations can also play a role in child custody disputes. A judge might order one to understand how substance use could affect your ability to care for a child.  

Defense attorney Allison Williams, Esq. explains how substance use evaluations are used in legal proceedings:3

The substance abuse evaluation looks into how your behavior is impacted by your use of substances. That could involve how it impacts your personal relationships, your work responsibilities, and your parenting.

In this case, the focus is on the behavior, on the substance used. “A substance abuse evaluation is a mental health assessment tool that looks into the issue of whether or not your use of substances, whether legal or illegal, has an adverse impact on your life,” says Williams. For example, “There are certain recreational drugs that…may constitute an illegal act, but they don’t necessarily mean that you committed child abuse and neglect.”

These evaluations are different than what you would experience in a voluntary addiction treatment program, and the outcome can have legal consequences. Most court-ordered substance abuse evaluations also include drug testing. 

Components of a Substance Abuse Evaluation

Clinical Interviews

The main part of a substance abuse evaluation is the clinical interview. This is a confidential conversation with a clinical professional like a therapist or social worker. They’ll ask questions about different aspects of your life to better understand your situation:

  • Substance use history: What substances you use, how often you use them, for how long, any attempts you’ve made to quit, and cravings
  • Health: Your physical and mental health history, including any underlying conditions that might be contributing to your substance use
  • Lifestyle: How substance use affects your work, relationships, finances, well-being, and daily life 

Questionnaires and Standardized Tests

Substance abuse evaluations often use questionnaires and standardized tests alongside clinical interviews. These provide additional data points to support the information gathered during your conversation. They might include: 

Your rehab might also administer a drug test (such as a urine test) upon arrival and potentially throughout your stay, depending on their policies. 

Medical Exam

While substance abuse evaluations mainly focus on your behavior and experiences, your assessment might also include a brief medical exam by a healthcare professional. This is to assess any physical health issues caused by or related to your substance use, and may include:

  • Vital signs: Fluctuations in vitals like blood pressure and breathing can sometimes signal withdrawal symptoms or underlying health conditions.
  • Checking for physical effects of substance use: This might involve checking your skin for infections or track marks, examining your eyes for abnormalities, and listening to your heart and lungs for any irregularities.
  • Neurological assessment: Simple tests may be used to evaluate your coordination, reflexes, and cognitive function. The doctor will be looking for any potential damage as substance use can impair these areas.

What to Expect During the Evaluation

The entire evaluation process typically takes a few hours. Specifics might vary depending on your facility, but here’s what you can generally expect:

  • Intake: You’ll start by filling out paperwork with basic information about yourself, such as your contact information and medical history.
  • Clinical interview: You’ll have a private conversation with an addiction treatment professional where you discuss any topics relevant to the condition you’re seeking treatment for.
  • Questionnaires and tests: You might be asked to fill out questionnaires that assess the severity of your dependence, your mental health, and the impact of substance use on your life. Some programs might also test for the presence of substances in your system. 
  • Physical exam: While not always included, some evaluations include a physical exam by a healthcare professional. This is to assess any physical health problems potentially caused by substance use. The doctor will likely check your vital signs, look for signs of withdrawal, and examine your general physical health.
  • Review and recommendations: After the evaluation is complete, the evaluator will discuss the results with you, explain their findings, and recommend next steps.

Preparing for a Substance Abuse Evaluation

Coming prepared for your evaluation can save time, ease your stress, and ensure you provide your treatment team with complete, accurate information. 

Gathering Documentation

Check with your rehab’s admissions team about which documentation you need to bring:

  • Medical records: If you have any medical records related to your substance use, such as hospital visits or doctor’s notes, bring them along.
  • List of current medications: Make a list of all the prescription medications you’re currently taking.
  • Treatment history: If you’ve been treated for substance use in the past, information like discharge summaries or treatment center reports can help inform your current treatment experience.

Don’t worry if you can’t find everything—just bring what you have. What’s most important is to be open and honest during the evaluation process.

Mental and Emotional Preparation

Substance abuse evaluations can get into some pretty personal details about your past, so it helps to take a moment beforehand to mentally and emotionally prepare. Expect to answer open-ended questions that encourage you to share your experiences honestly.

There’s no shame in talking through your experiences. Doing so as candidly as possible helps your treatment team design an effective plan. Remember: they’re not doing this to judge you, but to give you the best help they can. 

Addiction treatment is confidential, and that includes your initial evaluation. The information you share will be kept private according to HIPAA regulations, with some exceptions like potential harm to yourself or others. If you have any concerns about confidentiality, don’t hesitate to ask the staff directly.

After the Evaluation

Receiving Results

Once the addiction evaluation process is complete, the evaluator will usually discuss their findings with you right away. They’ll explain the diagnosis, recommend the next steps, and address any questions or concerns.

Next Steps

The results of your evaluation will guide the path forward. Here are some potential next steps:

  • Addiction treatment: If you have a substance use disorder, the evaluator will likely recommend starting treatment. They can discuss various treatment options with you, such as inpatient or outpatient programs, and help you find a program that best suits your needs.
  • Additional testing: In some cases, the evaluator might recommend further testing. This could involve seeing a specialist for a mental health assessment or undergoing additional medical tests to rule out any underlying physical conditions that might prevent you from participating in an addiction treatment program.
  • Referral to specialists: If you have a special need, your treatment team might refer you to other specialists for additional support. This could include, for example, medically supervised detox at a recommended detox center or a psychiatrist for medication management.

Finding and Choosing an Addiction Treatment Provider

When you’re ready to start treatment, finding the right program can make a world of difference. Here are some tips to help you choose a rehab that’s the right fit:

  • Treatment focus: Are you looking for treatment for a specific condition, or a program with specific therapies? Consider what type of program best suits your needs.
  • Credentials and staff: Take a look at the staff’s certifications and specializations. Look for experienced professionals with expertise in the areas you need to focus on.
  • Insurance coverage: Verify if the program accepts your insurance and find out what your out-of-pocket costs will be.
  • Location and amenities: Consider factors like the facility’s location, amenities, and the overall treatment environment. Does it feel comfortable and conducive to your recovery?
  • Reviews and recommendations: Read online reviews from past clients and seek recommendations from trusted sources like your therapist or primary care doctor.

Finding Solutions Together

The purpose of a substance abuse evaluation is simple: it’s how rehabs gather information on their patients, so they can help them. Once this in-depth assessment is complete, you’ll have a much clearer picture of your problems related to substance abuse—which is the first step to identifying the most effective solutions.

A comprehensive addiction treatment program can help you treat the mental, emotional, and physical aspects of your addiction, as well as uncover what’s driving it. Let this pivotal experience be a turning point in your life that puts you on the path to healing. 

To find a program that meets your needs, search for rehabs by location, insurance accepted, and more, and reach out to a center directly today. 

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Managing Cravings: Essential Techniques for Long-Term Sobriety

Cravings are a common challenge for those starting their recovery journey. They play a large role in perpetuating your addiction in the first place, and are a major factor in relapse for many people who are trying to stay sober. 

Luckily, there’s plenty you can do to manage cravings and increase your chances of successful, long-term recovery.

We’ll explore why cravings occur, practical strategies for managing them, the role of professional support, and how you can use your social support network to empower yourself against these overwhelming urges. 

Understanding Cravings

Cravings come into the picture well before recovery. They play a major role in how addiction is formed. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), addiction is “characterized by intense and, at times, uncontrollable drug craving,1 along with compulsive drug seeking and use that persist even in the face of devastating consequences.” 

Cravings are a conditioned response that results from how addiction rewires your brain. Using a substance for a prolonged period trains your brain to believe that having it is crucial to your survival—as important as eating or breathing. 

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) defines cravings2 as a primary symptom of addiction:

  • Craving is an overwhelming need or urge to use alcohol or drugs 
  • For people who use stimulants, the craving is as powerful as a primary life drive. 
  • It is as powerful as the need to breathe, eat, sleep, have sex, or drink water. 
  • The brain believes the person needs the drug to survive. 
  • The person can feel anxious and irritable without the substance. 

Cravings are a powerful drive that goes far beyond a simple desire to do something. One man in recovery, Tom Coderre, describes his experience of cravings3 this way:  

I no longer desired it…I needed it. It was an overwhelming obsession that was created in my mind. I could taste it; see it; visualize it. I could almost feel the euphoria. I would experience kind of pre-euphoria feelings about it. It was a very, very powerful feeling.

Cravings are a significant challenge for those trying to stay sober, especially in early recovery. They can lead to relapse if they aren’t managed properly. 

Triggers

Both physiological and psychological factors trigger cravings. 

Physiological triggers include physical withdrawal symptoms like nausea, sweating, and anxiety, which can occur in the early stages of recovery. These symptoms can be intensely uncomfortable, and can make it hard to resist using substances to make them go away. This is why it’s so important to detox from drugs and alcohol in a medically supervised environment. 

Psychological triggers, on the other hand, are often related to the emotional or mental associations you have with certain substances. People, places, or situations can act as cues to use, as can stress, boredom, and loneliness. Psychological triggers are trickier to manage, as they’re often harder to identify and avoid.

Triggers are prompts that lead to a craving.

Stages of a Craving

Cravings consist of a series of stages:4 

  1. Trigger 
  2. Thought 
  3. Craving 
  4. Use

These happen in rapid succession, and the sooner you can interrupt the process, the easier it is to stop. Thankfully, there are techniques for doing just that. 

Mindfulness and Awareness Techniques

While cravings can feel overpowering at times, mindfulness is one effective tool for managing them. Practicing mindfulness grows your awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations in the present moment, without judgment. By becoming more aware of a craving as it arises, you separate yourself from the automatic urge to act on it.

Several mindfulness techniques can help you manage cravings:  

  • Body scan meditation5 involves focusing your attention on different parts of your body, noticing any tension or discomfort arising from the craving.  
  • Breathwork techniques like deep, slow breathing calm the mental and physical irritation cravings often cause.  
  • Urge surfing means observing the craving like a wave—it rises and eventually passes without the need to fight it. 

By practicing these techniques regularly, you develop the ability to acknowledge cravings without getting swept away by them. This space between craving and action empowers you to make conscious choices that support your recovery.

Cognitive Behavioral Strategies

Cravings don’t have to dictate your actions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used in rehab. It works by teaching you to challenge negative thinking patterns and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive restructuring6 involves examining the distorted thoughts that fuel cravings. You can learn to identify and replace thoughts like “I can’t handle this without using” with more empowering beliefs like “This craving is temporary, and I have the skills to manage it.”

In addiction treatment, CBT teaches behavioral strategies for managing cravings. Identifying and avoiding triggers is a key part of this. If certain places or situations consistently trigger you, your therapist can help you develop a plan to avoid them or create healthier alternatives. When a craving hits, distraction techniques can also be highly effective. These are simple activities that take your mind off the craving and allow it to pass. That might look like going on a walk, making a cup of tea, or doing a puzzle. 

By combining cognitive restructuring with practical sobriety strategies, you build a toolkit to handle cravings with confidence and stay committed to your recovery goals.

Physical Activity as a Tool

Exercise isn’t just good for your body; it also strengthens your mind against cravings. Physical activity releases endorphins, your brain’s natural feel-good chemicals. These endorphins boost your mood, reduce stress, and diminish the intensity of cravings. Even a short bout of exercise, like a brisk walk or a jog, can have significant short-term effects on mood and craving management. One scientific review of the benefits of physical activity in addiction recovery7 found that multiple studies “documented a significant change in addiction-related outcomes (e.g., more days abstinent, reduced cravings) in response to exercise exposure,” and confirmed that “exercise can be a helpful aspect of addiction treatment.”

If you want to make exercise a regular part of your life in recovery, the type of activity you choose is less important than finding something you enjoy and can stick with. Try to get 30 minutes of exercise at least 4 days a week. Walking, swimming, cycling, dancing—anything that gets your body moving helps. Start slowly and gradually increase the intensity of your workouts as your fitness improves.

A few simple changes can help you make physical activity part of your daily life. Take the stairs instead of the elevator, park further away from the building, or find a workout buddy to help you stick to your plan. By making exercise a regular habit, you’ll empower yourself against cravings and improve your physical health in the process. 

Nutritional Approaches

What you eat also plays a significant role in managing cravings. Food choices impact your blood sugar, energy levels, and mood, all of which can affect cravings.  

Here’s how nutrition supports your recovery:

  • Blood sugar stability: Sugary foods and refined carbs cause blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can trigger cravings. Opt for complex carbs like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables that provide sustained energy to avoid these fluctuations.
  • Nutrient levels: Deficiencies in nutrients like magnesium, B vitamins, and protein can sometimes mimic cravings. Try to eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats to ensure your body gets the nutrients it needs.
  • Hydration: Dehydration can be misinterpreted by the body as hunger, leading to cravings. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and avoid mistaking thirst for cravings.

There’s no single recovery diet—the key is to find a healthy relationship with food that works for you. Consider consulting a nutritionist who specializes in addiction recovery and can create a personalized plan to address your specific needs. Some rehabs offer nutrition counseling as part of their addiction treatment programming.

Social Support and Communication

Recovery is rarely a solo journey. Building a strong social support network can help you manage cravings and stay on track. Surround yourself with positive, supportive people who understand your struggles and encourage your progress. Here are some ways you can identify and connect with a community that supports your healing journey:

  • Support groups: Connecting with others in recovery is deeply important. Sharing experiences and learning from each other gives you a sense of belonging and helps you through challenges.
  • Friends and family: Communicate honestly with loved ones you trust. Let them know you’re in recovery and what kind of support you need. Having people you can confide in during tough moments can make a world of difference.
  • Communicating your needs: When a craving hits, don’t be afraid to reach out. Be open with your support system about your struggles and what they can do to help.  

Here are some ways to effectively communicate your needs:

  • “I’m having a strong craving right now. Can we go for a walk to take my mind off it?”
  • “I’m feeling overwhelmed. Can we talk about it?”
  • “I used to use alcohol to cope with stress, but I’m trying to find healthier ways. Can I talk some ideas through with you?”

By expressing your needs to your loved ones, you allow them to support you through this important journey.

Relapse Prevention Planning

Cravings are a normal part of recovery, and occasional slip-ups don’t define you. Having a relapse prevention plan in place can significantly reduce the risk of relapse and empower you to manage cravings effectively.

If you attend rehab, your treatment team should help you start planning for relapse prevention from the time you start your program. Here’s what that looks like:

  • Identifying your triggers: Learn to recognize the people, places, situations, and emotions that typically trigger cravings. Once you know your triggers, you can develop strategies to avoid them or cope with them in healthy ways.
  • Developing healthy coping strategies: Build your coping skills so you’re ready to manage cravings when they arise. This might include mindfulness exercises, relaxation or distraction techniques, or calling a sponsor.
  • Assessing high-risk situations: Plan how you’ll handle situations where you might be exposed to triggers or feel tempted to use. This could involve having an exit strategy, practicing assertive refusal skills, or letting a trusted friend know when you’ll be in a challenging environment.
  • Spotting early warning signs: Identify the warning signs that lead to a relapse, such as increased social isolation, neglecting self-care, or feeling difficult emotions. Having a plan to address these warning signs helps you intervene before things escalate.

Professional Help and Resources

While craving management techniques help, cravings sometimes feel downright overwhelming.  If you’re struggling to manage cravings on your own, or if they become intense and persistent, don’t hesitate to get professional help.

Addiction treatment specialists can help you prevent and manage challenges:

  • Creating individualized craving management strategies: A therapist can work with you to identify your triggers and develop tools to manage cravings effectively.
  • Addressing underlying issues: Cravings often stem from deeper emotional or psychological issues. Therapy is a safe way to explore these underlying factors and learn healthier ways to cope.
  • Providing ongoing support: Recovery is a journey, and cravings can arise at any stage. Therapy offers ongoing support and accountability, helping you work through challenges and stay committed to your long-term sobriety.

You can use these resources to find treatment providers:

  • Recovery.com’s independent, 3rd-party treatment finder tool helps you find programs that match your needs based on insurance coverage, location, specialization, and more.
  • SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a free, confidential, 24/7 information service for people seeking help for substance abuse. 
  • Health Info Lines by the National Institutes of Health include information services for alcohol abuse and alcoholism, drug abuse and addiction, mental health, and more.

It’s hard to reach out for help, especially when you really need it. But seeking guidance and support for what you’re going through is a powerful sign of self-awareness and strength. It’s proof of your commitment to your recovery, and to improving your life. 

If you’re struggling to stay sober and need professional support, search addiction treatment programs and reach out to a center directly today. 

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Inpatient Drug Rehab Coverage: 7 Essential Insurance Facts You Need to Know

Making the decision to seek help for addiction is a huge step toward recovery. If you or your loved one is considering inpatient drug rehab, understanding insurance coverage is an important part of the process. 

Most rehab centers have dedicated staff who help patients navigate insurance coverage. These admissions specialists work directly with insurance companies to verify benefits and handle much of the paperwork. This is especially helpful when dealing with insurance details feels overwhelming—and when you need to focus on getting help for drug or alcohol addiction.

This guide breaks down the basics of inpatient rehab coverage, including private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid options. We’ll also explore payment plans, financial assistance programs, and what to expect during the admissions process. Fortunately, treatment centers are there to help with both recovery and the practical details that make treatment possible.

What Is Inpatient Drug Rehab?

Inpatient drug rehab is a residential treatment program where you stay at a facility 24/7 while receiving care for substance use disorders in a structured environment away from the triggers and stress of daily life. Programs typically last 28 days to several months and provide comprehensive care including individual therapy, group counseling, educational sessions, and wellness activities. 

This level of care is usually recommended for people with more severe drug addiction, those who have tried outpatient treatment without success, people who need medical supervision during withdrawal, and those who could benefit from time away from challenging home environments.

what is inpatient drug rehab benefits stats infographic

Insurance Coverage Basics for Inpatient Rehab

Understanding insurance coverage for rehab starts with knowing your plan type. Most health insurance plans cover some form of addiction treatment, but the details vary widely. There are 4 main types of health insurance plans that affect how your rehab is covered:

HMO plans require you to work with a primary care doctor who refers you to specialists, including addiction treatment. With an HMO, you may need your healthcare provider’s approval for inpatient rehab coverage.

PPO plans give you more freedom to choose providers. You’ll pay less for in-network facilities, but out-of-network rehabs may still offer some health coverage at a higher cost.

EPO plans work like HMOs but with fewer treatment provider options. Your rehab coverage depends on whether the treatment facility is in their network.

POS plans combine features of HMOs and PPOs. You’ll usually need a primary care doctor for referrals, but may have some out-of-network options at higher costs.

1. Most Private Insurance Plans Cover Inpatient Drug Rehabilitation

Most private insurance plans offer coverage for inpatient drug rehab.1 Major providers like Blue Cross Blue Shield, Aetna, UnitedHealthcare, Cigna, and Humana typically include addiction treatment in their benefits. The amount covered varies by plan, but many cover a substantial portion of the costs.

A key factor affecting your costs is whether the rehab facility is in-network or out-of-network with your insurance policy. In-network means the facility has an agreement with your insurance company, resulting in lower out-of-pocket costs for you. Out-of-network treatment may still have some coverage, but you’ll likely pay more.

Rehab centers have dedicated staff who work directly with insurance companies. They handle verification calls, submit required paperwork, and sometimes even negotiate better coverage on your behalf. Many also help with appeals if your insurance initially denies coverage. The admissions team should explain what your plan covers before you commit to treatment, so you don’t encounter any surprise charges.

what inpatient rehab includes services list

2. Medicare Part A Pays for Medically Necessary Residential Treatment

Medicare covers inpatient drug and alcohol rehab (and partial hospitalization) primarily through Medicare Part A (hospital insurance).2 This includes services like room and board, nursing care, therapy, and medications during your stay.

While there’s no fixed limit on treatment plan length, Medicare requires that your care is medically necessary.3 This means your doctor needs to document that your condition requires treatment that can’t be provided in an intensive outpatient program. Coverage decisions are based on your individual needs rather than a predetermined number of days.

Rehabs that accept Medicare have staff who understand its guidelines and can help verify your coverage. They’ll explain any co-payments or deductibles you might be responsible for and ensure your drug or alcohol treatment meets Medicare’s requirements for coverage.

3. Medicaid Coverage Varies by State but Always Includes Some Treatment Options

Medicaid does cover inpatient drug rehab in all states,4 though coverage details vary depending on where you live. Since Medicaid is a joint federal and state program, each state creates its own rules about which treatment services are covered and for how long.

To qualify for Medicaid, you must meet income requirements and other eligibility criteria specific to your state. In states that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, more people with substance use disorders can access coverage.

Finding rehabs that accept Medicaid can sometimes be challenging. Not all treatment centers participate in the program. However, many state-funded facilities and some private centers do accept Medicaid patients. When contacting a rehab center, always ask specifically about Medicaid acceptance. Their admissions team can verify your benefits and help you understand what’s covered. If they don’t accept Medicaid, many will refer you to facilities that do.

insurance verification inpatient rehab documents graphic

4. The Mental Health Parity Act Requires Equal Coverage for Addiction Treatment

The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act5 is an important law that helps people seeking addiction treatment. This law requires insurance companies to cover mental health care and substance abuse treatment at levels comparable to medical services. This means they can’t charge higher copays or set stricter limits just because you’re seeking addiction treatment.

5. Payment Options Exist for Rehab Without Insurance

Without insurance, inpatient drug rehab typically costs between $10,000 and upwards of $50,000 for a 30-day program. Luxury facilities or longer stays may cost considerably more. These costs cover everything from room and board to therapy for mental health conditions, medical care, and other services provided during treatment.

Many treatment centers offer options to make rehab more affordable. Sliding-scale fees adjust the cost based on your income. Some facilities offer payment plans so you can spread the cost over time instead of paying all at once.

Rehab admissions specialists can discuss financial options and help determine what might work for your situation. Some centers offer scholarships or reduced rates for those in financial need. While these options are limited and often have waiting lists, they’re worth exploring if you’re struggling financially.

6. Financial Assistance Programs Can Help Cover Costs Insurance Won’t

Beyond insurance, there are several ways to get help paying for addiction treatment. Many states have dedicated funding for substance use treatment through their departments of health or social services. These programs may cover part or all of the cost of inpatient care for eligible residents.

Some non-profit organizations offer scholarships or grants specifically for addiction treatment. These may include faith-based organizations and local charities.

Rehabs often know about various funding sources and can help you explore options you might not find on your own. Their admissions teams work with these programs regularly and understand how to navigate the application processes. Don’t hesitate to ask about financial assistance when contacting treatment centers—helping you access care is part of their job.

7. Rehab Centers Have Specialists Who Verify Your Benefits at No Cost

When you contact a rehab center, their admissions team can immediately begin helping you with insurance matters. The process typically starts with a brief assessment of your needs, followed by collection of your insurance information. With your permission, they’ll contact your insurance provider directly to verify your benefits.

During verification, the rehab center confirms what services are covered, how long treatment will be approved, and what out-of-pocket costs you’ll have. They’ll also handle any pre-authorization requirements and submit clinical information to justify your need for treatment.

All you’ll need to provide is your insurance card, ID, and permission for the facility to communicate with your insurance company. Beyond that, the admissions team handles most of the complex insurance work. They’ll explain your coverage in simple terms and answer any questions about the financial aspects of treatment.

If your insurance denies coverage, the rehab center can help with the appeals process. They’ll provide additional documentation or clarification about why inpatient treatment is medically necessary for your situation. Many facilities have high success rates with appeals because they understand what insurance companies need to approve coverage.

Taking Action on Insurance Coverage Today Removes Barriers to Recovery

Choosing a better life is brave, and you deserve support every step of the way—including with concerns about insurance and payment. Most rehab centers have staff ready to help you navigate these details so you can focus on healing.

That said, being your own advocate throughout this process is important. If you encounter roadblocks, don’t be afraid to ask specific questions like “What documentation do you need for approval?” or “Why isn’t this service covered and what are my alternatives?” Keep records of all conversations, including names and reference numbers.

If you can’t get clear answers, you may want to call a different rehab. Your treatment center should have no problem providing all the information you need to make an informed decision about your care. 

It’s common to find this process overwhelming. Your loved ones can help make calls, organize paperwork, or attend meetings with admissions. Having support makes navigating these systems less overwhelming during an already difficult time.

When dealing with insurance matters, persistence pays off. Your recovery is worth fighting for, and you deserve access to the care you need.

Search for a rehab that takes your insurance and contact their admissions team today to explore your options. The path to recovery starts with a single call.

FAQs

Q: What insurance covers inpatient rehab? 

A: Most private insurance plans, Medicare, Medicaid, and some state health insurance programs cover inpatient rehab. The exact coverage depends on your specific plan.

Q: How many weeks of inpatient rehab does Medicare cover? 

A: Medicare doesn’t set a specific time limit but covers medically necessary treatment. Coverage is evaluated based on your ongoing treatment needs rather than a fixed number of weeks.

Q: What is the 60% rule in inpatient rehab? 

A: The 60% rule applies to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) and requires that at least 60% of patients have specific qualifying medical conditions. This typically doesn’t impact substance use disorder treatment centers.

Q: How much is inpatient rehab without insurance? 

A: Inpatient drug rehab typically costs $10,000 to upwards of $50,000 for a 30-day program without insurance, though costs vary by facility and services provided.

Q: Does Medicaid cover inpatient drug rehab? 

A: Yes, Medicaid covers inpatient drug rehab in all states, though coverage details vary by state. Contact your state Medicaid office or a treatment center for specific information.

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Understanding Substance Use Disorders: Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery

Millions of people around the world struggle with substance use disorder: a widespread issue that affects individuals, families, and communities. This comprehensive guide to understanding substance use disorder (SUD) looks at its causes, symptoms, and the hopeful path to recovery.

What Is a Substance Use Disorder?

A substance use disorder (SUD) is a complex condition characterized by the uncontrolled use of a substance despite its harmful consequences. Here’s how the American Psychological Association defines it:1 

Substance use disorder encompasses varying degrees of excessive use of a substance, including: alcohol; tobacco; opioids; caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens; inhalants; sedative, hypnotics, or anxiolytics; stimulants (e.g., amphetamine, cocaine); and more.

It’s important to note that a substance use disorder is different from casual or moderate substance use. People with SUD often experience cravings, prioritize substance use over their responsibilities, and struggle to control their intake even when it causes obvious problems in their life.

SUD doesn’t just affect individuals—families and loved ones also suffer consequences including emotional distress, financial burden, and fractured relationships. Addiction takes a huge toll on communities at large, as the strain on healthcare systems and mental health affects our collective well-being. 

Causes and Risk Factors

A variety of factors can lead someone to develop SUD:

Genetic Predisposition

People with a family history of addiction2 may be more likely to develop a substance use disorder themselves. That doesn’t mean it’s guaranteed, but it does suggest that some people’s genetic predisposition can make them more vulnerable. Certain genes, for example, affect brain chemistry in a way that influences how people respond to substances.

While genetics may be a factor, they aren’t your destiny. In fact, new research shows that neuroplasticity—your brain’s ability to change3—can be leveraged in the treatment of substance use disorders. Just as your brain “rewires” itself for addiction, it can also be rewired for recovery. 

Learning that you’re more susceptible to addiction might seem scary, but it can be empowering. Being aware means you can take proactive steps to prevent it, like creating support systems and avoiding high-risk situations.

Environmental Influences

Environmental factors like childhood trauma, social pressures, and access to substances also play a role in developing SUDs. 

Childhood trauma: “Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are widely recognized as predictors of early onset of alcohol and other drug use, problematic substance use, and addiction,” say researchers on adverse childhood experiences and addiction.4 That’s because “early exposure to abuse, neglect, and other stressors alters brain development, decreasing the individual’s ability and capacity to manage stress and emotions and increasing the likelihood of dependence on mood-altering substances.”

An adverse childhood experience, or ACE, is a traumatic experience that occurs in early life. Higher ACE scores are often linked to outcomes later in life, like addiction. To find out your score, take the ACE quiz here.

Peer pressure: In some social circles, using drugs and alcohol might be seen as cool, or a necessary part of fitting in. Being surrounded by friends who use substances normalizes this behavior and can make you feel like you have to use substances to be accepted.

Availability of substances: People with easy access to substances are more likely to try them for the first time, and to continue using them in times of stress or out of curiosity.

Access to positive outlets: Environments that lack recreational activities or other positive channels can increase the likelihood of turning to substances out of boredom or as a coping mechanism. 

Psychological Factors

The relationship between mental health and substance abuse is often cyclical, as each condition feeds into the other. People struggling with mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, or trauma often turn to substances as a way to self-soothe when their emotions are too painful. 

But while alcohol or drugs might offer a temporary escape, they ultimately make matters worse. Substance use disrupts brain chemistry, which worsens mental health disorders. Drug use itself can also create new mental health disorders,5 as “substance use and withdrawal from substances may lead to psychiatric syndromes or symptoms.”

Trauma, in particular, often triggers substance use. People who go through traumatic experiences are left feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and struggling to cope. Substances can become a way to dull their feelings and dissociate from painful memories. But substance abuse hinders the trauma healing process by arresting the development of real coping skills. True healing from trauma and other mental health conditions requires us to address their underlying causes. 

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Substance use is often normalized, and substance abuse might not be obvious until its consequences become more serious. Here’s how SUD is detected and diagnosed: 

Physical Symptoms

Substance abuse disorders cause a variety of physical symptoms:6 

  • Changes in appetite and sleep patterns 
  • Significant weight loss or gain
  • Difficulty sleeping or excessive sleepiness
  • Physical appearance: bloodshot eyes, tremors, or changes in skin health

Depending on the specific substance, other physical symptoms might arise. For example, opioid abuse causes constipation, while stimulant use causes rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure.  

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other underlying conditions.  However, their presence in combination with other behavioral changes can signal a problem that needs attention. 

Behavioral Symptoms

SUDs also cause noticeable changes in behavior:

  • Mood swings and irritability
  • Lying about how much or how often you drink or do drugs
  • Withdrawing and isolating from friends and family
  • Stopping activities you once enjoyed
  • Neglecting responsibilities like work, school, or household chores 
  • Declining performance or problems at work or school
  • Financial or legal trouble 
  • Engaging in risky behaviors to get substances, or as a result of being intoxicated

Diagnostic Criteria

Healthcare professionals use an official manual called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5, to diagnose addiction and other mental health disorders. The DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder7 focus on patterns of drug or alcohol use that cause impairment or distress:

  • Using larger amounts of the substance or for a longer period than you intend to
  • Repeated efforts to cut back or control substance use
  • Spending a significant amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance
  • Cravings or strong urges to use the substance
  • Continued use despite causing problems in relationships, work, or school
  • Neglecting important social or recreational activities due to substance use
  • Using the substance in risky situations, like driving under the influence
  • Continued use despite causing or worsening physical or mental health problems
  • Tolerance: needing more of the substance to achieve the same effect
  • Withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop or reduce use

The presence of several of these behaviors might indicate an SUD. For an accurate diagnosis, it’s important to obtain a professional substance abuse evaluation. 

Treatment Options for Substance Abuse Disorder

The continuum of care for treating SUD includes, but isn’t limited to:

Detox

For people who want to get sober but are physically dependent on substances, the first step is often medically supervised detox. This involves safely managing withdrawal symptoms, getting your body back in balance, and preparing for addiction treatment. Withdrawal symptoms can vary greatly, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening situations, depending on the amount and type of substance you used.

During detox, medical professionals closely monitor and manage your withdrawal symptoms in a safe, controlled environment. This might include providing medication to ease discomfort, ensuring proper hydration and nutrition, and offering emotional support. Depending on the facility, your detox program may also offer psychological counseling or help with transitioning into a residential addiction treatment program. Detoxing in a medically supervised environment helps prevent complications and ensures your safety during the withdrawal phase.

Detox is an important first step, but it’s only the beginning of treatment for substance abuse. After detox, attending a rehab with a comprehensive treatment plan can prepare you for a life in lasting recovery.

Therapy and Counseling

While detox treats the symptoms of substance abuse, to achieve lasting recovery, we need to treat its causes. That’s where therapy comes in. Addiction treatment programs use a wide range of therapies to treat substance use disorders, usually based on a treatment plan designed for your needs. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps patients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to substance use. This can help you learn coping skills for managing triggers, or interrupt thoughts that normally cause you to use.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) focuses on developing healthy emotional regulation skills.  This can be especially helpful for people who tend to have very intense emotions that trigger substance use. DBT teaches skills like mindfulness and distress tolerance to deal with challenging feelings in a healthy way.

Family therapy teaches family members how addiction works and how best to support you, including boundary setting and healthy communication. Involving your family in your recovery can be a transformative experience. If you don’t have supportive relationships with your biological family, that’s okay—this also applies to chosen family.

Keep in mind that different therapeutic approaches work for different people. It may take more than one try to find one that’s a good fit for you. 

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) uses prescription medication to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings. It’s most commonly used to treat dependency on highly physically addictive substances like opioids and alcohol. In MAT, medication is administered under the guidance of a qualified medical professional. 

MAT works best in combination with behavioral therapies that address the mental health impacts of addiction. It’s not for everyone, but it makes recovery possible for many substance-dependent people.

Recovery and Management

Developing a Long-Term Management Plan

When you’ve spent years in addiction, recovery doesn’t happen overnight. A personalized, long-term management plan that tackles both the psychological and physical aspects of healing can set you up for success in recovery. This plan is a collaboration between you and your treatment team, and should evolve with you as you progress through your healing journey.

Psychological aspects of recovery are often addressed via various forms of talk therapy, which can take place in invidual or group settings. This helps you identify and address unresolved trauma and other driving forces behind your addiction. It also teaches practical skills for maintaining sobriety, like managing cravings, avoiding triggers, and regulating your emotions. 

The physical aspects of recovery are equally important. Nutritional therapies help you restore your body to health after being depleted by substance use. Movement therapies and exercise promote mood-boosting endorphins and positive brain change. And improving your sleep hygiene ensures your body has time to rest and repair, setting you up for better mental well-being. 

Relapse Prevention

Recovery from addiction is a marathon, not a sprint. Relapse is a real possibility—especially in early recovery—but you can take steps to minimize the risk. This starts with identifying triggers. These can be internal, like emotional stress, or external, like certain people, places, or situations. Once you’re able to recognize triggers, you can learn how to manage them. 

Staying actively involved in support groups8 is another powerful relapse prevention strategy. Support groups are a safe space to connect with others who genuinely understand what you’re going through. Sharing experiences, offering encouragement, and holding each other accountable can help you stay strong and avoid the isolation that increases the risk of relapse.

If you do relapse, it doesn’t negate the progress you made. Think of it as a learning experience and an opportunity to recommit to recovery. With motivation and a strong support system, you can learn from setbacks and get back on track toward a substance-free life.

Support Systems

Managing substance abuse disorder is rarely a solo endeavor. A strong support system is a foundation for long-term success. This network can include family members, friends, and peer support groups.

  • Family members can educate themselves about addiction, learn healthy ways of supporting, and communicate effectively to create an environment that’s conducive to healing.
  • Friends who appreciate your challenges and celebrate your successes can make a world of difference. Having fun and spending quality time together is a vital and often overlooked aspect of recovery.
  • Peer support groups like AA and NA are a great source of connection. Hearing the experiences of others who have walked a similar path and found success in recovery can inspire your own journey. These groups also have built-in systems for mentorship, accountability, and sober community.  

Support is valuable in all its forms. These networks give us the strength to stay on track and build resilience as we traverse the ups and downs of recovery.

Overcoming Stigma

Substance abuse disorder is often shrouded in stigma, a negative perception that creates shame and discourages people from seeking help. This societal barrier has real consequences that affect access to treatment, support, and ultimately, recovery.

Thankfully, as mental health conversations are being held more openly, stigma is being reduced.9 But there’s still work to be done. Normalizing discussions about substance use disorder, increasing addiction education, and viewing people struggling with addiction as real, complex humans rather than 2-dimensional stereotypes all work to dismantle stigma. 

Addiction is a disorder, not a moral failing. By holding open conversations, we can create a world where people struggling with SUD feel empowered to speak up, seek help, and access the resources they need. That means more people can openly lead fulfilling lives in long-term sobriety. 

Recovery is a powerful healing experience that you deserve to feel proud of. 

Resources and Help

If you’re concerned about your substance use, the good news is that there are plenty of resources available to help:

  • SAMHSA’s National Helpline: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s addiction resource hotline is available 24/7 at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). Trained specialists can provide confidential information and treatment referral services in English and Spanish.
  • The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) offers research-based information on addiction, as well as links to reputable resources for finding treatment. 
  • Support groups: Peer support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Al-Anon, and SMART Recovery offer free meetings, both in-person and online, for people struggling with addiction and their families. 
  • Addiction treatment centers: Use an independent treatment finder or contact your insurance provider to find treatment centers in your area. Many treatment centers offer various programs, including inpatient and outpatient options, to meet individual needs.

Seeking help is a sign of strength. It’s the first step toward a new life that’s aligned with who you truly are. 

Recovery Is a Path to Healing and Wholeness

Substance abuse disorder is a complex condition, but it is treatable. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available can help you take the first steps toward recovery with confidence. 

Search for addiction treatment centers by location, conditions treated, insurance accepted, and more, and speak to an admissions advisor directly today.

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How To Deal With My Husband’s Addiction

Dealing with a loved one’s addiction has no set blueprint, but learning how to cope with your husband’s addiction can help you both heal. Addiction’s deep roots and substantial impacts on life can make dealing with it feel impossible. But with the right treatment and support, you and your husband can find recovery.

What Should I Do About My Husband Being Addicted to Drugs or Alcohol?

If your husband is addicted to drugs or alcohol, know you can’t force them to get better. You can support them in their treatment journey, offer encouragement, and set boundaries, but you can’t cure them. That’s okay; you’re not meant to. 

What you should or shouldn’t do also depends on your unique situation. Spouses in abusive relationships may not feel safe acknowledging their husband’s addiction or suggesting they get treatment. If you’re in an abusive relationship, you have several resources for help. You can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline, the National Sexual Assault Hotline, and 911 (or your local emergency number) if you’re in imminent danger. 

Some spouses may feel comfortable with a direct, confrontational approach. How you go about it can differ widely from one relationship to the next. Your unique relationship can determine what you do and don’t do about your husband’s addiction. Here are a few examples:

Have a Discussion About Getting Help

You can raise your concerns during a conversation. For example, you could say:

“I’ve noticed you’re drinking more and regularly getting tipsy or drunk. I don’t think this is good for you, and it makes me uncomfortable. I want to help you get help. What do you think about starting treatment?”

In this discussion, you can gauge their willingness to seek treatment. Be sure you tell your husband how their drinking affects you, your relationship, and the children you may have. Let them know you’re there to support and encourage them through treatment.

Set Boundaries and Avoid Enabling

You likely spend a lot of time with your husband. They live with you, see you daily, and may also parent with you. It’s natural to want to help them in any way you can, but that can lead to enabling behaviors and the loss of your personal boundaries.

You can prevent this by setting healthy boundaries as soon as you can. Establish immediately that you won’t cover their absences, give them money, or make excuses for their behavior. That can help keep your time and emotional wellness intact. You can also refuse to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions. 

Giving money, making excuses, or taking on their responsibilities can enable your husband’s addiction. Doing so can make them feel more comfortable not seeking treatment or help.

How to Cope with Husband’s Addiction

Coping strategies can help you stay mentally well. Remember, your coping strategies are to help you cope, not your husband. You’re not responsible for fixing them. What you can do is help yourself; that way, you’ll be in a place to offer support and encouragement.

Spend Time With Them Mindfully

Be watchful of the time you spend with your husband. If they’re actively addicted to drugs or alcohol, spending all your free time with them may negatively impact your mental health. Time away from them can help you set priorities and stay aware of your emotions and feelings. 

Practice Self-Care

Maintaining a self-care regime can help you cope with your husband’s addiction. Self-care could look different for everyone. Examples include:

  • Time set aside for your hobbies and interests
  • Taking care of your body–skincare, exercise, and good sleep
  • Meeting up with friends and loved ones
  • Making yourself nutritious meals and stay hydrated

Get Professional Treatment

Going to therapy can help you cope with your husband’s addiction. Your therapist or counselor can help you process challenges, create a toolset of coping skills, and help you formulate action plans. Loved ones can also join family support groups to connect with other families.

Discover Support for Family Members

Spouses and other family members have options for support. Peer groups meet worldwide to connect, offer encouragement, and share in each other’s challenges. One of these groups is Al-Anon, created for the loved ones of alcoholics. It follows a similar structure of AA/NA meetings.

Family members can also join Nar-Anon, which supports family members of someone struggling with a drug addiction. Learn to Cope offers peer support in person and online. SMART Recovery (non-12-Step) also has groups and resources for families.

In these groups, you’ll meet with other family members and a facilitator will lead the group. You’ll have the chance to share your experiences, offer and receive support, and find encouragement in shared struggles. Your groups may have a theme, like processing grief or trauma from your loved one’s addiction, or be a more broad sharing experience.

You could also find support groups in your local community. Some community centers, churches, or religious organizations have family peer support groups. Check your local resources (webpage for your city, social media groups) to see what’s available. 

You can also attend family therapy with your husband. Many treatment centers offer this service to help you and your spouse heal together. You can also attend family therapy in an outpatient setting.

Treatment Options for Your Husband’s Addiction

When your husband feels ready and committed to treatment, they’ll have many options to choose from. His clinical needs, history of substance use, and preferences determine which level of care will be the best fit. His doctor can assess his current state with addiction and recommend a level of care, or staff at a rehabilitation center may make the assessment before admitting your husband into treatment.

Questions to Ask Your Provider

Your husband can ask several questions at the initial doctor’s appointment to clarify his needs and treatment pathway. Here are a few to keep in mind as he embarks on this journey:

  1. What level of care would suit my situation and symptoms best?
  2. Do I have a co-occurring mental health condition?
  3. Will medications improve my symptoms, and would you recommend them?
  4. What are the potential side effects of those medications?
  5. Will I need to detox?
  6. What other care options and resources would you recommend?

Levels of Care for Addiction

Many people begin their treatment journey in detox to rid their bodies of addictive substances safely. Some people won’t need detox; it’s always best to let your doctor or a treatment facility decide. From there, your husband may progress through each level of care or start and stop at one level.

  • Detox: a safe, monitored phase where your husband will stop taking substances and let them clear from his system. Medications can make this process safer and more comfortable. It’s not recommended to detox at home since detoxing can cause potentially harmful withdrawal symptoms.
  • Residential Treatment: live-in treatment with 24/7 monitoring, structured schedules, and onsite treatment. Your husband will attend various therapies to address the root cause of their addiction. Many residential rehabs allow family visits and provide family therapy.
  • Day Treatment: your husband will live at home or in a sober living residence (living in a house with other peers in sobriety; strict no-substance rules) and attend about 30 hours of weekly treatment. 
  • Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP): similar to day treatment, but your husband will spend less time in treatment. Some IOPs have day or evening programs for greater flexibility. He’ll spend about 20 hours in weekly treatment and have more time for work and family.  
  • General Outpatient: two or three weekly therapy sessions, usually in a group setting. Your husband will live at home or in sober living.

Locate a Detox Center

Detox may be the first step in your husband’s recovery journey. It can also be the first step to a healthier marriage and improved mental health. Detox centers have experience detoxing clients from alcohol and a wide range of illegal and prescribed drugs. 
To find a detox center, use Recovery.com to browse detox centers in your area and view photos, insurance information, and reviews.

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What to Do if a Rehab Is Waitlisted: Strategies for Immediate Support

Seeking professional help for addiction is a brave and important step toward healing. But when you’re starting recovery, you might encounter an unexpected hurdle: a waitlist for admission into rehab. 

Depending on the location, the size of the center, and their staff capacity, certain rehabs may not have immediate availability. This is also due in part to an increasing demand for addiction treatment. As a result, there may be a waiting period before you can start the program of your choice. 

Addiction recovery is an urgent need, and intervening early is important for your treatment outcomes. So what can you do if you’re facing a waitlist? 

Use these strategies and resources to access support and maintain your progress on your path to healing:

While You Wait: Evaluate Your Needs

Assess the Severity of the Situation

Understanding the severity of your situation helps you make informed decisions and find appropriate support. Here are 2 approaches:

1. Professional Assessment

Ask for an assessment from your primary care doctor or therapist. Admissions staff at rehabs usually provide a brief intake screening over the phone, even if you can’t be admitted immediately. This evaluation might involve discussing your substance use history and assessing for co-occurring conditions.

2. Self-Assessment

Reflect on your experience with addiction. Consider factors like the frequency and intensity of your substance use, the impact it has on your daily life (your relationships, work, and health), and any withdrawal symptoms you have. Use reputable online resources like the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s screening tools to gauge your level of need. 

While self-assessment is a good starting point, a professional assessment can provide a more accurate and in-depth picture of your situation. Use the information from your assessment to guide your search for immediate support while you wait for rehab placement.

Take Immediate Steps for Safety and Support

If you can’t get into treatment right away, you’ll still need to prioritize your safety and minimize potential harm. Here are some steps you can take:

Implement harm reduction strategies. Explore harm reduction strategies specific to your addiction. This might involve switching to safer alternatives, using designated use spaces, or carrying naloxone (if applicable) to reverse opioid overdoses. 

Connect with crisis support. If you experience intense cravings or thoughts of self-harm, reach out to crisis hotlines like the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (988) or the Crisis Text Line (text HOME to 741741) for immediate addiction support.

Inform people you trust. Share your situation with a close friend, family member, or therapist who can offer support and intervene if necessary.

Practice self-care. If you can, try to eat well, get adequate sleep, and try techniques like urge surfing1 to help you manage cravings.

Alternatives to Traditional Inpatient Rehab

While waitlists for inpatient rehab are frustrating, exploring other support options can be incredibly beneficial. 

Outpatient Programs

These programs offer a structured and supportive environment for recovery without requiring a full-time residential stay.

Outpatient programs involve regular sessions with therapists, counselors, and support groups. These sessions address the core issues of addiction, provide healthy coping tools, and teach relapse prevention skills. The frequency and intensity of these sessions vary depending on the specific program and your individual needs.

Compared to inpatient rehab, outpatient programs offer more flexibility, allowing you to continue working, going to school, and fulfilling your other essential responsibilities. This can be especially useful for people who may not have the option of leaving their daily lives for an extended period.

Outpatient programs are not a substitute for inpatient care in all situations. But they can be a useful tool for managing your addiction while waiting for a spot in a residential facility. It’s also common for people to step down to an outpatient program after completing inpatient rehab to maintain their continuity of care, prevent relapse, and get support for long-term recovery.

Online Therapy and Support Groups

The digital world offers valuable resources for immediate support while waiting for inpatient rehab. Online therapy and virtual support groups can provide helpful connection and guidance during this critical time.

Online Therapy

Numerous online platforms connect patients with licensed therapists who specialize in addiction treatment. These sessions take place via virtual meetings, phone calls, or chat, and are an accessible way to receive professional support while staying home. Online therapy can help with various aspects of your recovery journey:

  • Identifying triggers and developing coping mechanisms
  • Managing withdrawal symptoms and cravings
  • Building self-esteem and motivation
  • Addressing co-occurring mental health conditions

Virtual Support Groups

Online support groups provide a safe, confidential space to connect with people who share similar struggles. These communities provide a range of benefits:

  • Emotional support and encouragement
  • Sharing experiences and coping strategies
  • A sense of acceptance and belonging

Online resources are a great way to complement primary addiction treatment, but they shouldn’t replace professional, in-person care. They’re an additional tool in your toolkit to stay on track toward your recovery goals, before and after treatment.

Community Resources for Addiction

Your community is also a valuable resource to support you while you wait for rehab. Look for these options:

  • Free support groups: 12-Step organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and Al-Anon host free support groups for people struggling with addiction and their loved ones. You can also look into non-12-Step groups like SMART Recovery.
  • Harm reduction programs: These programs offer practical support and resources to help people manage the risks of addiction, including advice on safer substance use and Narcan training.
  • Community mental health centers: Some government-funded centers offer services like individual and group therapy, medication management, and case management, often at affordable rates or on a sliding scale.

Leverage Your Support Network

Your existing support network is a source of strength and stability. Don’t be afraid to lean into it during this challenging time.

Addiction can strain relationships, and mental health struggles can put us in a place where we’re afraid to ask for help. Use these steps to get the social support you need:

  1. Identify your support system. Confide in close friends and family members who understand what you’re going through and are willing to offer non-judgmental support.
  2. Communicate your needs. Openly share your situation and challenges with trusted people in your support network. Be specific about what kind of support you need, whether it’s emotional encouragement, practical help, or simply someone to listen.
  3. Set boundaries. It’s okay to let people know when you need space or time alone. Communicate your needs clearly and respectfully.

By tapping into these connections, you can navigate your wait time with more resilience and stay focused on your recovery goals.

Stay Engaged in the Recovery Process

Develop Healthy Habits

Even before rehab, cultivating healthy habits can benefit your healing progress. These positive changes not only help you manage cravings and stress, but also lay the groundwork for long-term well-being. 

  • Get some rest. Addiction is hard on your mind and body. It can also interfere with your ability to sleep. Finding ways to get your sleep schedule on track can set you up for success in recovery.
  • Maintain a healthy diet. To the extent that you can, try to eat regularly and healthily. Eating nutritious meals and snacks helps regulate your body chemistry and provides essential vitamins and minerals to support your recovery. Focus on fruits, vegetables, and other whole, nutrient-dense foods.
  • Move your body. Exercise releases endorphins that improve your mood, reduce stress, and help you sleep. If you don’t feel up to a workout, try a gentle walk outside. 
  • Practice relaxation techniques: Simple techniques like deep breathing2 can effectively manage stress and anxiety, which often trigger cravings. 

Building healthy habits takes time and consistency—go easy on yourself while you’re not feeling your best. Start with small, achievable goals, and congratulate yourself for your progress. 

Use Education and Self-Help Resources

While waiting for rehab, educating yourself through self-help resources can empower you on your path to recovery. Here are some options to explore:

Books 

  • In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts by physician and addiction specialist Gabor Maté explores the traumas people experience as a result of substance use and recommends strategies for change.
  • In The Addiction Manifesto, author J.R. Weaver reflects on his experience with addiction and the approaches that helped him recover. 
  • Why Don’t They Just Quit? by Joe Herzanek debunks common myths around addiction and explores topics like rock bottom, enabling, and intervention.

Podcasts

  • A Sober Girls Guide podcast explores mental health, self-development, and wellness through interviews with notable women in recovery.
  • In The Addicted Mind podcast, licensed therapist Duane Osterlind talks with both professionals and people in recovery who offer guidance and encouragement. 
  • The Recovery Happy Hour podcast hosts people who share their stories of recovery for those who are curious about getting sober from alcohol.

Helplines

Note that not all helplines are reputable. Some are owned by treatment centers and designed to refer clients to their businesses. Learn more about this in our article on recovery hotlines. 

Communicating With Rehab Facilities

Maintain Contact While You Explore Your Options

While you look for rehab waitlist alternatives, stay connected with your preferred rehab center. 

  • Schedule regular follow-up calls. Schedule regular check-ins to inquire about updates on the waitlist and potential openings due to cancellations or last-minute changes.
  • Express your willingness to consider alternatives. Express your eagerness to begin treatment and ask about different programs they offer. 
  • Explore their additional resources. Many rehabs offer resources and support groups that are open to the public. Participating in these offerings allows you to be involved with the facility, get a glimpse into the treatment experience, and learn about additional resources.

Taking initiative and committing to recovery by communicating proactively can increase your chances of being admitted sooner.

Expand Your Search

While staying in touch with your preferred rehab center is helpful, don’t limit yourself. Broadening your search can increase your chances of finding immediate support.

Consider a wider geographical area. While staying close to home can be ideal, facilities in other cities or states (or even countries) may have immediate availability.

Use online search tools. Use our treatment finder tool to find rehab facilities across the US and abroad. You can filter based on location, insurance coverage, and specific treatment approaches to find a program that aligns with your needs and doesn’t have a waitlist.

Research different programs. Some rehabs have specialized programs, such as gender-specific, faith-based, or programs for specific addictions. You might find a good match with open availability while still effectively addressing your recovery needs.

Expanding your search doesn’t mean compromising your recovery goals. Being flexible and exploring various options increases your chances of securing immediate placement.

Planning for Admission

Being prepared to start rehab once you get news of an opening can set you up for a smooth transition. Here are some steps you can take:

See more on this, and get a downloadable checklist, in our article on preparing for rehab.

Preparing in advance, both mentally and practically, will help you make the most of this life-changing opportunity. 

Keep Calm and Maintain Your Progress

Encountering a waitlist for rehab can be discouraging, but it doesn’t have to derail your recovery journey. Use these strategies to navigate this hurdle, and remember that it’s only temporary.

While securing immediate admission is ideal, you can still take action while you wait. 

Look for addiction treatment centers that meet your criteria and contact them directly to inquire about their availability. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Being Waitlisted for Rehab

Is it possible to receive immediate support while on a rehab waitlist?

Yes, it’s crucial to seek immediate help while on a rehab waitlist. Options include professional assessments, crisis hotlines, harm reduction strategies, self-care practices, and connecting with people you trust for support.

What alternatives exist for those unable to get into rehab immediately?

If you’re waitlisted for a rehab, you can explore alternatives like outpatient programs, online therapy, virtual support groups, and community resources. These options offer vital support for managing addiction while waiting for inpatient treatment.

How can I increase my chances of getting admitted to rehab sooner?

To increase your chances of earlier admission to rehab, stay in contact with your preferred treatment center, express your readiness to consider alternative programs, expand your search to include broader geographical areas, and be prepared for admission by managing your personal affairs in advance.

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Is Acid Addictive? The Truth Behind LSD Use

The mind-bending and often mystical experiences induced by LSD have captivated and intrigued people for generations. But this strong psychedelic raises a crucial question: can it be addictive in the same way as other mind-altering drugs? 

While the science behind LSD’s effects is fascinating, understanding its true addictive potential requires a deeper dive. We peel back the layers of perception and explore the realities of how LSD works, and whether it truly carries the weight of addiction.

How LSD Works

As we dive into the science behind LSD, commonly known as acid, we confront some crucial questions: 

Can LSD lead to addiction like other substances? 

Is acid truly addictive? 

Let’s demystify the misconceptions surrounding LSD and its potential for addiction, and shed some light on the scientific truths behind its use.

The Science Behind LSD’s Effects on the Brain

Unlike many addictive substances, acid doesn’t directly interact with reward pathways in the brain. Instead, it LSD works by binding to a specific type of serotonin receptor1 called the 5-HT2A receptor. 

Serotonin plays a crucial role in mood, cognition, and perception, and this receptor is a key player in these functions. When LSD binds to this receptor, it disrupts normal communication along these pathways, leading to the cascade of sensory and psychological effects commonly known as an “acid trip.”

These effects include heightened awareness, altered perception of sights and sounds, changes in thought patterns, and intense emotions. People’s individual experiences on acid vary greatly. Your experience can be influenced by factors like dosage, individual brain chemistry, your emotional state, and your environment. While these effects can be intense, it’s important to remember that LSD doesn’t create new realities; it simply alters how your brain interprets and processes existing information.

Understanding LSD’s mechanism of action helps us understand why it affects people the way it does. But it’s only the first step in unpacking the complex relationship between this substance and its potential for addiction. 

So what factors influence the addictive potential of LSD, and what are the effects of long-term use?

The Debate on LSD Addiction

While the unique effects of LSD have captured imaginations for decades, the question of its addiction potential remains a hotly debated topic. Let’s take a look at the truth behind this enigmatic drug.

Physical vs. Psychological Addiction

Physical addiction means your body is reliant on a substance. If you’re physically addicted to something and try to stop doing it, you’ll experience withdrawal symptoms. Unlike substances that cause physical dependency, LSD doesn’t trigger noticeable withdrawal symptoms, and the urge to use isn’t driven by a biological process. 

LSD interacts with your brain’s serotonin receptors, causing altered neural communication. Unlike substances that mainly affect your body’s physical functions, LSD’s impact is centered on perception, emotion, and cognition. People who struggle with LSD use are usually experiencing a psychological addiction.

There is at least one study documenting what researchers considered a physical dependence on LSD:2 

We describe a case where the person used LSD continuously for a period of two years as his primary drug. He developed a craving, and tolerance to LSD and contrary to known literature the tolerance did not disappear rapidly on discontinuation. Additionally, he developed both physical and psychological symptoms on discontinuing LSD – a factor responsible for continued use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of physical dependence to LSD.

While not entirely impossible, this study also describes how incredibly rare it is for people to develop a physical dependence on acid. 

It’s worth noting that while it’s not physically addictive, acid can be tolerance-building.3 “LSD is not considered an addictive drug–that is, it does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine do,” says the U.S. National Drug Intelligence Center. “However, LSD users may develop tolerance to the drug, meaning that they must consume progressively larger doses of the drug in order to continue to experience the hallucinogenic effects that they seek.” 

Research Findings on LSD Dependency

The scientific community’s findings on the addiction potential of LSD are different from other addictive substances. Psychiatrists Annelie Hintzen and Torsten Passie, authors of The Pharmacology of LSD,4 note that “Interestingly, in contrast to many other dopamine-activating substances, it does not show any relevant dependence potential.”

Contrary to substances known for fostering addiction, people who use acid show less desire to consume it frequently. 

Because LSD abuse has not been at the forefront of popular concern since its heyday in the ‘60s (aside from a recent resurgence among high school students5 and millennials), not much research has been done on the long-term effects of LSD. This could also be because prior studies led to such conclusive evidence that acid was not physically addictive. According to researchers, 

While behavioural animal studies have examined the effect of chronic treatment with LSD, no research has been conducted yet to examine long-term behavioural changes in healthy individuals after repeated administration of LSD. This lack of long-term studies is likely due to the evidence that LSD is a drug taken occasionally by recreational users6 that does not produce addiction.

Perceptions of LSD in popular culture, and opinions on LSD use within the behavioral health community, evolve with the times. But at any given time, it can be said that LSD and other psychedelics challenge conventional notions of substance dependency.

Factors Contributing to LSD Misuse

That’s not to say that LSD use is always safe.

LSD’s intense psychological effects can create the potential for misuse. Psychologically, it produces profound alterations in perception, emotion, and cognition. This can make it an attractive tool for escapism, where users find solace or diversion from reality. People who repeatedly use LSD are drawn to its profound impact on their consciousness, rather than a typical drug craving for physical relief. 

Examining your motivations for using LSD can provide more valuable insight into whether your behavior is becoming a problem.

Risks of Frequent LSD Use

Frequent LSD use carries inherent risks, particularly for mental health. The unpredictable nature of LSD can result in “bad trips:” distressing experiences commonly known as marked by intense anxiety, paranoia, or hallucinations. For some, these negative encounters have lasting psychological effects, such as persistent anxiety.

The risk of exacerbating existing mental health conditions, especially on the schizophrenia spectrum, is a major concern. 

There are cases of LSD triggering psychotic episodes, and people with (diagnosed or undiagnosed) schizophrenia may be at greater risk. However, it’s unclear whether LSD itself is responsible for the psychosis or if it plays a role in surfacing underlying conditions. According to one study on LSD psychosis and schizophrenia,7 it’s possible that “LSD psychosis as a drug-induced schizophreniform reaction in persons vulnerable to both substance abuse and psychosis.”

It should also be noted that while LSD and other psychedelics are increasingly used to treat addiction and mental health conditions, this is done in a therapeutic setting under professional supervision, and is different than recreational use. 

Addressing Misconceptions About LSD

Having accurate information is the first step toward effectively addressing concerns. Dispelling myths around LSD requires a more nuanced view of the drug, its safety, and its potential risks and benefits. Rather than relying on popular belief, it’s important to evaluate LSD and other substances based on evidence-based information to make informed decisions about their use.

Myth LSD Is Inherently Addictive

Reality: Scientific evidence consistently shows that LSD is not physically addictive. If users do develop habits around LSD use, it’s because of psychological addiction, unlike most narcotic substances which can cause dependence. 

Myth: LSD Induces Immediate and Irreversible Insanity

Reality: This myth oversimplifies the complex effects of LSD. While it can lead to intense and unpredictable experiences, describing it as an instant pathway to insanity lacks scientific support. Research indicates that adverse effects are usually temporary, emphasizing the importance of context and mindset during LSD use.

Myth: LSD Stays in the Body Forever

Reality: Acid trips last for a notoriously long time (up to 12 hours), but LSD typically leaves the body within a day. Claims of LSD residing in the spine indefinitely, contributing to “flashbacks,” lack scientific backing. There have been few cases of people developing hallucinogen perception disorder (HPPD),8 but this is a “rare disorder characterized by the presence of flashbacks of visual hallucinations as a result of previous hallucinogenic drug use.” Persistent effects are more likely linked to psychological factors than physical remnants of the substance.

Myth: LSD Use Results in Uncontrolled and Dangerous Behavior

This may be because of LSD’s association with high-profile cults9 in decades past. 

But in reality, while LSD alters perception, instances of uncontrollable violence or harm during trips are exceedingly rare. According to pharmacologist David E. Nichols, “LSD has rarely been associated with accidental deaths and suicide, LSD is known to be non-toxic10 and physiologically safe when used at moderate dosages, and forensic investigators should understand the true causes of LSD-related fatalities.” Most users experience a sense of wonder, introspection, and enhanced sensory perception rather than engaging in harmful activities.

Set and Setting: How Your Mindset and Environment Play a Role

The effects of LSD are profoundly shaped by what people who take psychedelics often refer to as “set and setting:” your mindset being the set, and your environment being the setting. Both of these factors play a significant role in shaping the psychedelic journey.

A positive mindset, marked by feelings of safety and openness, often leads to more pleasant experiences, which can include heightened creativity and self-reflection. A negative mindset, on the other hand, can contribute to challenging experiences marked by anxiety and discomfort. Some people refer to this as a “bad trip.” 

Likewise, a familiar, comfortable setting can support feelings of security and promote positive outcomes. But unfamiliar or unsettling surroundings may increase anxiety and, as a result, a heightened risk of negative experiences. Recognizing the importance of these factors can lead to a more controlled and positive psychedelic encounter.

Getting Help for Problematic LSD Use

Recognizing signs of problematic LSD use, and intervening when necessary, is crucial for maintaining your mental and emotional well-being. If you experience persistent distress, impaired daily functioning, or escalating use while taking LSD, it’s a good idea to get outside guidance. Mental health and addiction treatment professionals can help you work through issues underlying your drug use, change unwanted behavioral patterns, and create the life you want for yourself.

See our list of addiction treatment centers to learn more about getting support for life change, and contact centers directly to get a professional opinion on treatment options.