Tag: Eating Disorders

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Do I Have Body Dysmorphia? 13 Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

It’s normal to have days when we feel uncomfortable in our own skin. But for some, those feelings go far beyond everyday insecurity. If you find yourself obsessing over perceived flaws in your appearance—flaws that others may not even notice—you might be wondering if it’s something more serious.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition that affects the way people see and think about their bodies, often causing them significant distress and interfering with their daily life. In this article, we’ll explore what body dysmorphia really is, how to recognize the signs, and when it’s time to seek support.

What Is Body Dysmorphia?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)1 is a mental health condition “where a person experiences a preoccupation with a perceived defect or flaw in one’s physical appearance when, in fact, they appear normal.”

People with BDD tend to fixate on specific body parts or features, most commonly the skin, nose, hair, or body shape. This obsessive focus often leads to repeated behaviors such as mirror checking, grooming, or comparing themselves to others in an attempt to “fix” or hide the flaw. It can also cause the person a lot of stress.

What sets BDD apart from general body dissatisfaction is the intensity and persistence of these thoughts. The distress caused by the perceived imperfection can interfere with your daily life, relationships, and emotional well-being.

BDD isn’t just about wanting to look better or not being happy with a part of your body. It’s about feeling unable to stop thinking about the flaw, no matter how many times others reassure you or how much effort you put into changing it.

Mental health awareness illustration featuring a person looking at their distorted reflection in a mirror, accompanied by quote: You can't fix a distorted mirror by changing your body. You have to heal the lens you're looking through.

Signs and Symptoms of BDD

Many people struggle for years before realizing their intense appearance concerns have a name—recognizing these signs of BDD2 can be validating and the first step toward getting help: 

1. Excessive Worry About a Specific Part of the Body

People with BDD experience intense, uncontrollable worry about a particular body part. They feel unable to calm or manage these concerns, no matter how hard they try.

2. Hiding or Concealing Perceived Flaws

People with BDD go to great lengths to conceal the area they’re focused on. They use hats, scarves, makeup, strategic clothing, or certain hairstyles to mask or distract from the perceived imperfection.

3. Dismissing Compliments or Reassurances

It feels impossible to believe when loved ones say you look fine or beautiful. People with BDD often dismiss positive feedback, convinced that others are just being kind or dishonest.

Body dysmorphia vs insecurity comparison infographic explaining self-image disorders, frequency patterns, and reassurance responses for mental health awareness

4. Avoiding Social Situations

Intense self-consciousness or shame leads to skipping school, work, dates, or social events. The fear of being seen or judged becomes overwhelming and interferes with normal activities.

5. Feeling Distress Over Photos

Many people with BDD feel extreme anxiety or panic at the thought of having their picture taken. They fear that images will highlight or expose their perceived flaw to others.

6. Engaging in Repetitive Appearance-Related Behaviors

These behaviors include frequently checking mirrors or avoiding them entirely, skin picking, excessive grooming, or constantly trying to “fix” the perceived flaw. People may spend hours using makeup, adjusting clothing, or even seeking cosmetic procedures.

7. Seeking Constant Reassurance

People with BDD repeatedly ask friends, family, or even strangers for validation about their appearance. They hope to feel better, though any relief is typically short-lived and the need for reassurance returns quickly.

8. Constantly Comparing Yourself to Others

People with BDD obsessively compare their appearance to others on social media or in real life. These comparisons often leave them feeling inferior or deeply flawed, reinforcing their negative self-perception.

9. Feeling Defined by the Perceived Flaw

It’s common for someone with BDD to believe that their “flaw” makes them unlovable, broken, or even repulsive. This belief persists despite reassurances from others who don’t see the same imperfection.

Mental health infographic displaying signs of body dysmorphia including fixation on flaws, mirror checking, hiding with clothes, rejecting compliments, avoiding photos, constant comparison, repetitive grooming, and feeling ashamed

10. Overexercising or Overtraining

Some people have muscle dysmorphia,3 which involves a preoccupation with the idea that their body build is too small or insufficiently muscular. This may lead to excessive exercise, steroid use, or unhealthy supplement usage in an attempt to control their body’s appearance.

11. Seeking Multiple Healthcare Providers

People with BDD visit numerous dermatologists, cosmetic surgeons, or other specialists in search of a “fix” for their perceived flaw. They continue this search even after being told repeatedly that nothing is wrong.

12. Undergoing Unnecessary Cosmetic Procedures

Some people pursue plastic surgery or aesthetic treatments that aren’t medically needed. These procedures rarely provide lasting relief and may worsen distress when the results don’t “solve” the internal struggle, often causing the obsession to shift to different body parts.

13. Having Thoughts of Self-Harm or Suicide

In severe cases, the emotional pain becomes overwhelming and leads to feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Some people may experience thoughts of self-harm or suicide as a way to escape the distress caused by their body image concerns.

Thoughts of suicide and self-harm are serious warning signs that should never be ignored. If you or someone you know is experiencing these thoughts, seek immediate help by calling the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (call or text 988) or contact your local emergency services. Remember that these feelings are symptoms of the disorder, not a reflection of reality, and professional help can provide relief.

Could I Have Body Dysmorphia? A Quick Self-Reflection Quiz

This brief quiz is based on common diagnostic criteria and clinical observations from the DSM-5-TR used to identify body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).4 It’s not a diagnostic tool, but it can help you reflect on whether your body image concerns may warrant further support from a mental health professional.

Instructions

For each statement, answer Yes or No.

  1. Do you often worry about a specific part of your appearance that others say looks fine or don’t seem to notice?
  2. Do you frequently check mirrors, photos, or reflective surfaces to look at this area of concern?
  3. Do you avoid social situations, photos, or video calls because of how you feel about your appearance?
  4. Do you spend more than an hour a day thinking about your appearance or trying to “fix” your flaw?
  5. Have you tried to hide or cover up this part of your body with makeup, clothing, or accessories?
  6. Do you seek frequent reassurance from others about how you look, but rarely feel reassured?
  7. Have you seen multiple doctors, dermatologists, or plastic surgeons about this concern?
  8. Have you ever felt hopeless, depressed, or had thoughts of self-harm related to your appearance?

Scoring

  • 0–2 “yes” answers: You may have occasional appearance concerns, which are common.
  • 3–5 “yes” answers: Your concerns might be affecting your quality of life. It may be helpful to talk to a therapist.
  • 6+ “yes” answers: You may be experiencing signs consistent with body dysmorphic disorder. Consider seeking professional support.

Note: This quiz is inspired by the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) and clinical criteria in the DSM-5. It is for educational use only and is not a substitute for a professional diagnosis.

What Causes Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

The exact cause of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is not fully understood, but several risk factors5 are believed to contribute:

  • Genetics: A family history of BDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or other mental health conditions may increase the risk.
  • Brain chemistry: Imbalances in serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects mood and anxiety, may play a role.
  • Trauma or bullying: Negative experiences, such as childhood trauma or being bullied for appearance, can increase the likelihood of developing BDD.
  • Cultural factors: Societal pressures and unrealistic beauty standards in media can exacerbate body image concerns and may contribute to the development of BDD.

When Should You Seek Help?

If you’re experiencing any of the signs or symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), it’s important to know that you don’t have to manage it alone. While everyone has moments of insecurity or self-doubt, BDD can be overwhelming and may require professional support to manage.

Here are some signs that it’s time to seek help:

The Distress Affects Your Daily Life

If your preoccupation with your appearance is interfering with your ability to work, study, maintain relationships, or enjoy social activities, it’s a clear indication that your body image concerns may be more than just a passing insecurity.

Repetitive Behaviors Are Difficult to Control

If you find yourself unable to stop behaviors like mirror checking, skin picking, or seeking constant reassurance, and these actions are consuming a significant amount of time each day, it might be time to reach out for help.

Seeking Medical or Cosmetic Treatments Does Not Bring Relief

If you’ve tried multiple cosmetic procedures, seen various healthcare providers, or spent significant time and money trying to “fix” a perceived flaw, but continue to feel unsatisfied or worse, this is a signal that the issue is rooted in a deeper psychological concern, not a physical flaw.

Reassurance From Others Doesn’t Ease Your Anxiety

If loved ones consistently reassure you that you look fine or that your concerns are unfounded, but you continue to feel distressed, it may indicate the need for professional intervention. BDD is not about vanity—it’s a mental health issue that requires treatment.

Self-Harm or Suicidal Thoughts Arise

If you experience thoughts of self-harm or suicide due to your appearance or body image distress, it is critical to seek immediate support. These thoughts are a sign of the severe emotional toll BDD can have and should be addressed by a mental health professional right away.

How Is BDD Treated?

Seeking help is a positive step toward healing. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) can be a challenging condition to manage on your own, but effective treatment options6 are available. The goal of treatment is to help people recognize and address the distorted thoughts and behaviors that fuel their distress, allowing them to improve their quality of life.

Common treatment approaches for BDD include:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive behavioral therapy helps people challenge distorted thoughts and behaviors related to their body image concerns. This evidence-based approach teaches patients to recognize and change negative thought patterns that fuel their distress. 

Medication

Medication can be a helpful part of treatment, particularly when someone also has symptoms of related disorders like anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which often co-occur with BDD. Psychiatrists also commonly prescribe a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to help manage these symptoms. While medication can provide relief from the emotional distress and obsessive behaviors associated with BDD, it’s usually most effective when combined with psychotherapy.

Support Groups

Participating in support groups can be beneficial for people struggling with BDD. Being able to share experiences with others who understand the challenges of living with BDD provides emotional support and a sense of community. These groups offer a safe space to discuss body image struggles and help people feel less isolated in their journey toward recovery.

Family Therapy & Education

BDD can significantly impact your relationships, making it incredibly helpful to involve family members in the treatment process. Family therapy helps your loved ones understand the condition and learn how to provide positive, supportive responses. Educating family members about the nature of BDD reduces misunderstandings and helps them better support your recovery journey.

Lifestyle Changes

Exercise, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques can help manage the anxiety and stress that often accompany BDD. Regular physical activity improves mood, boosts self-esteem, and reduces compulsive behaviors. Mindfulness practices such as meditation or deep breathing exercises help individuals manage intrusive thoughts and stay grounded in the present moment, rather than becoming fixated on appearance-related concerns.

Getting the Help You Deserve

If you recognize these signs in yourself, remember that BDD is a real and treatable condition: You’re not being vain, and you’re not alone in your struggle. 

Taking the step to acknowledge these symptoms shows incredible strength and self-awareness. Reaching out to a mental health professional who specializes in body image disorders or BDD can be life-changing. With the right support and treatment, you can find relief from the distressing thoughts and behaviors that have been controlling your life, and start to see yourself with greater compassion and clarity.

FAQs

Q. How is BDD different from low self-esteem or insecurity?

A. While many people experience occasional doubts about their appearance, BDD involves obsessive, uncontrollable thoughts about perceived flaws that consume hours each day and significantly interfere with daily functioning. Unlike general insecurity, BDD typically focuses on specific body parts and drives compulsive behaviors like excessive mirror checking, grooming rituals, or seeking multiple cosmetic procedures. The emotional distress is much more severe than typical self-esteem issues and can lead to social isolation, depression, and in severe cases, thoughts of self-harm.

Q. Am I insecure or do I have body dysmorphia?

A. While insecurity about appearance is common, BDD involves obsessive, overwhelming thoughts about perceived flaws that significantly interfere with your daily life, relationships, and functioning. If your appearance concerns consume hours of your day or cause you to avoid social situations, it may be more than typical insecurity.

Q. Do people with body dysmorphia realize they have it?

A. Many people with BDD are unaware of their condition and don’t recognize that their perception of their appearance is distorted. The shame and isolation associated with BDD makes it difficult to see that their concerns are excessive, and they often believe others notice their perceived flaws just as intensely as they do.

Q. Can you self-diagnose body dysmorphia?

A. You cannot reliably self-diagnose BDD, as it requires identifying complex patterns of thought and behavior that are difficult to recognize in yourself. While you may notice some symptoms, only a mental health professional can properly diagnose BDD, rule out other conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment.

Q. Is it body dysmorphia or dysphoria?

A. The correct term is “body dysmorphia” or “body dysmorphic disorder (BDD),” not “body dysphoria.”

Q. How is an eating disorder different from BDD?

A. Eating disorders primarily focus on weight and food intake, while BDD involves obsessive preoccupation with specific body parts or features like skin, nose, or hair that are unrelated to weight.

Q. How do I help a loved one showing signs of body dysmorphia?

A. Approach them with patience and empathy and avoid phrases like “it’s not a big deal” that minimize their concerns. Gently encourage professional help from a mental health specialist, offer to help them find a therapist, and provide emotional support while emphasizing that professional treatment is necessary for recovery.

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Saad’s 7 Steps to Starting Your Mental Health and Wellness Recovery Journey

Saad’s powerful story of overcoming significant health challenges and transforming his life offers a beacon of hope for anyone facing similar struggles. His journey, marked by weight gain, injury, mental health issues, and job loss, led him to a profound realization: recovery is possible through a combination of inner faith, practical action, and a shift in perspective.

Saad vividly recalls his lowest point: “I completely hit the rock bottom…I started hating my body the way I looked. I hid behind those baggy clothes, always trying to cover your area of your, you know, belly avoiding mirrors. Fear of confrontation of your to yourself had very low self-esteem.” This feeling of despair and self-loathing is a common experience for many who find themselves struggling with their physical and mental well-being. However, Saad’s story underscores that this “rock bottom” can also be the catalyst for profound change.

1. Shift Your Mindset and Perspective

Saad emphasizes the crucial role of changing his mentality. He realized that his previous approach of self-punishment through extreme diets was unsustainable. Instead, he focused on understanding his body’s needs and cues. This shift in perspective is fundamental to long-term recovery. Instead of viewing lifestyle changes as restrictive punishments, consider them acts of self-care and investment in your well-being. Recognize that recovery isn’t about perfection, but about progress with self-compassion.

2. Take Practical, Sustainable Actions

Saad didn’t just rely on a change in mindset; he took concrete steps to improve various aspects of his life. He focused on nutrition, sleep, emotional health, exercise, movement, and mobility – all factors that contribute to functional metabolism and long-term health. This holistic approach is vital. Recovery isn’t just about addressing one symptom; it’s about nurturing your overall well-being through consistent, sustainable habits. Consider incorporating small, manageable changes into your daily routine, such as a short walk, a healthier meal, or a few minutes of mindfulness.

3. Listen to Your Body’s Cues

One of Saad’s key learnings was the importance of listening to his body. He moved away from rigid rules about “good” and “bad” foods and instead focused on mindful eating and understanding his body’s signals of hunger and fullness. Developing this awareness is crucial for sustainable health and well-being. Pay attention to how different foods make you feel, notice when you feel truly rested, and acknowledge any discomfort or pain signals your body might be sending.

4. Find Your “Why” and Cultivate Purpose

Saad found motivation in wanting to help his family and others. Helping his mother reverse her type 2 diabetes fueled his passion and provided a strong sense of purpose. Having a clear “why” can be a powerful driving force in your recovery journey. What motivates you to change? Is it your health, your relationships, your aspirations? Connecting with this purpose can provide the resilience needed to navigate challenges.

5. Embrace Learning and Seek Knowledge

Saad’s journey involved extensive learning about functional metabolism, clinical research, and health and wellness coaching. While you don’t need to become a certified expert, actively seeking knowledge about mental health, nutrition, and well-being can empower you to make informed decisions about your recovery. Explore Recovery.com’s Resource Library to gain a better understanding of your challenges and potential solutions.

6. Understand That Shame and Isolation Are Harmful

Saad’s powerful statement, “shame and isolation are more harmful than food,” highlights the detrimental impact of negative self-talk and social withdrawal. Shame can erode self-esteem and hinder progress, while isolation deprives you of crucial social support. Be kind to yourself, practice self-compassion, and actively seek connection with supportive individuals. Consider exploring support groups or therapy as avenues for reducing isolation and processing difficult emotions. Recovery.com can help you find treatment centers and support networks.

7. Ask for Help and Break Free from Ego

Saad emphasizes the importance of asking for help when needed. “No matter how far gone you feel, there is always a solution out there. You just have to ask for help when you need to ask. Do ask. Don’t get that ego in the middle. Don’t hold yourself back.” Overcoming the fear of vulnerability and reaching out to trusted individuals, professionals, or support systems is a sign of strength, not weakness. Just as Saad sought guidance, allow yourself to lean on others during your journey.

Saad’s journey is a testament to the power of resilience and the possibility of profound transformation. He reminds us that “you are not broken, just a bit overwhelmed by the situation and the circumstances.” By starting small, taking practical steps, listening to your body, finding your purpose, seeking knowledge, combating shame and isolation, and asking for help, you too can embark on a meaningful and sustainable recovery journey. Remember, as Saad wisely advises, “just start. You’ll be amazed by the capacities your body’s built in. You’ll be amazed on how your mind is capable of what extent it can go to achieve something.”

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Maureen’s Journey in Eating Disorder Recovery and Self-Love

The Giving Voice to Mental Health Podcast recently shared a deeply personal story of resilience with Maureen, who recounted her journey through an eating disorder that began during her time as a ballet dancer in the 1980s. Her powerful narrative offers crucial understanding and hope for individuals facing similar challenges and those who support them. Hosts Terry McGuire and Caroline Beidler guided a conversation that illuminated the isolation of struggling with an eating disorder when awareness was limited, contrasting it with the growing resources available today.

More Than Just Food: Understanding the Core of Recovery

Maureen thoughtfully described her experience not as a “battle,” but as “working through” an eating disorder. This highlights the ongoing and internal nature of recovery, extending beyond just physical health to encompass self-image, self-esteem, and, most importantly, self-love.

“I feel that I am recovering from a combination of… not understanding how to take care of myself. It’s beyond the amount of food that you put in your body, for example, it’s really about self-image and self-esteem and self-love…”

Her words emphasize that true recovery involves a fundamental shift in how one perceives and values themselves.

The Weight of External Expectations: Body Image and Triggers

As a ballet dancer in the 1980s, Maureen faced immense pressure regarding her body image. This environment became a significant trigger, highlighting how external expectations can contribute to the development of eating disorders.

“As a young person in college, I was a dancer, a ballet dancer in the 1980s and at that time, body image was a huge thing and you had to look a certain way and be a certain way in order to perform…”

This experience underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing societal and environmental factors that can fuel disordered eating.

A Long and Winding Road: The Reality of Ongoing Recovery

Maureen’s journey to self-acceptance has spanned decades, illustrating that recovery is rarely a straight path. It involves continuous effort, with challenges and negative thoughts potentially resurfacing.

“It’s taken me this much of my life to arrive at being okay with myself, you know? And even that gets challenged all the time… I’m always in recovery. I’m always working on recovery.”

Her strength lies in her ability to identify unhealthy patterns and consciously choose a healthier direction, affirming, “You’re okay. You’re good just the way you are.”

Explore eating disorder treatment options.

The Harmful Words: What Not to Say to Someone Struggling

Well-intentioned but misguided advice, such as “just eat more,” can be detrimental to someone with an eating disorder. Maureen emphasized the importance of avoiding comments about food altogether.

“Teachers didn’t really know what to do with me. They didn’t know what to say. They just kept saying, well, you have to eat more. You have to eat more. It’s not what, it’s not the right thing to say… Don’t say anything about food. Leave it alone and let me figure it out.”

Instead, she suggests expressing non-judgmental support and focusing on aspects of their life unrelated to food or body image. Suggesting alternative activities, like “Let’s go for a walk,” can be far more helpful.

Finding Support: The Power of Connection

While formal therapy wasn’t consistently available to Maureen in the early stages, she found crucial support in friends, particularly within the modern dance community, which offered a more accepting environment. This highlights the significance of supportive relationships in recovery.

“I found support in friends and interestingly in among dancer friends… I found a really wonderful, supportive community there.”

The lack of readily available professional help in the 1980s underscores the progress made in providing resources today.

A World of Options: Hope for Today and Tomorrow

Maureen reflected on the lack of treatment options available when she was struggling, a stark contrast to the resources that exist now. Today, individuals have access to information, various therapies, peer support groups, and treatment facilities.

“If it happened to me now, I wouldn’t hesitate to look around for a place to go, you know, somebody to talk to or a situation to take care of myself…”

Caroline emphasized the wealth of information available on https://recovery.com/resources/ and the importance of educating ourselves and others about eating disorders and available support.

Embracing Life: Finding Joy in Self-Acceptance

Maureen’s journey ultimately led her to a powerful realization: life is truly good when you treat yourself with kindness and embrace self-acceptance.

“Oh. ’cause life is so good when you’re, when you’re able to treat yourself well. When you’re able to love yourself and accept yourself, life is really, really great.”

This message of hope and the possibility of a more positive and vibrant life serves as an encouragement for anyone currently struggling to believe in their own potential for recovery and self-love.

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Anorexia vs. Bulimia: Knowing These 4 Key Differences Can Improve Your Recovery

You might think anorexia and bulimia are pretty much the same thing, but actually, they work in very different ways. Learning about these differences isn’t just about knowing medical facts—it can help you spot warning signs in yourself or someone you care about. 

Let’s look at how anorexia and bulimia compare and what physical signs, behaviors, thinking patterns, and health risks are unique to each condition. We’ll also explain treatment options and where to find help, whether you’re trying to understand your own experiences or are concerned about a loved one. 

Before getting into the specific differences between anorexia and bulimia, what exactly is an eating disorder, and what makes them so serious?

What Are Eating Disorders?

Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that involve harmful eating habits and troubling thoughts about food and eating, as well as distorted body image. About 9% of people in the U.S. will have an eating disorder in their lifetime.1 Women and girls are diagnosed more often, but anyone can develop these conditions.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are 2 of the most well-known eating disorders. They share some features but work differently in terms of eating behaviors, symptoms, and health effects. Other types include binge eating disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

Eating disorders aren’t choices or phases—they’re complex conditions influenced by genes, biology, psychology, and social factors. They can seriously harm people’s physical health, emotional well-being, and everyday life. But with quality treatment and support, people can and do recover—though that journey looks different for each person.

Infographic showing the top underlying causes of both anorexia and bulimia, including distorted body image, fear of weight gain, perfectionism, low self-worth, personal shame, anxiety or depression, and unresolved trauma, illustrated with symbolic icons and rooted fork and knife.

Anorexia Nervosa: Key Characteristics

Anorexia involves severely limiting food and having an intense fear of gaining weight, even when you’re already underweight. People with anorexia usually see their bodies differently than others do. For example, they may think they look fat even when they’re actually very thin.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), to be diagnosed with anorexia,2 someone must eat so little that they’re at an unusually low weight, be terrified of gaining weight, and have a distorted view of their body. There are 2 main types: The restricting type (mostly limiting food) and the binge-eating/purging type (restricting but sometimes also bingeing and purging).

Physical signs of anorexia3 include:

  • Extreme weight loss
  • Always feeling tired or dizzy
  • Complaining about being cold all the time
  • Development of fine hair all over your body
  • Constipation
  • Brittle nails
  • Dry skin
  • Stopped menstruation

Many people who struggle with anorexia create strict food rules, like cutting food into tiny pieces, only eating at certain times, or avoiding meals with others.

The mental side often includes:

  • Constantly thinking about food, calories, and weight
  • Feeling a sense of control or achievement when restricting food
  • Difficulty recognizing how serious your condition is
  • Reluctance to ask for help

How can clinicians better identify bulimia given its “hidden” nature compared to the more visible signs of anorexia?

Being direct and sensitive when asking about binging or purging is important. It can be easy to dance around the topic, but it’s important to bring light to it in sessions so clients can be challenged. There is a delicate line to balance here, and it can be managed with tone, building trust, and appropriate timing. Clinicians can also ask about their recent diet history and exercise patterns. This may not directly or completely uncover behaviors, but it can be a leading indicator of areas where there may be some concerns.

Silvi Saxena, MBA, MSW, LSW, CCTP, OSW-C

Bulimia Nervosa: Key Characteristics

Bulimia involves cycles of eating huge amounts of food (binging) and then trying to prevent weight gain through behaviors like throwing up. During binges, someone eats an excessive amount of food in a short window and feels like they can’t stop or control their eating.

After binging, people with bulimia try to “undo” the calories they ate by making themselves throw up, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or exercising too much. Unlike people with anorexia, those with bulimia usually stay at a normal weight or slightly above, which makes the condition a lot harder for others to notice.

Physical signs of bulimia4 might include:

  • Puffy cheeks
  • Dental problems from stomach acid
  • Calluses on knuckles from self-induced vomiting
  • Weight that fluctuates up and down
  • Stomach problems
  • Imbalanced electrolytes
  • Acid reflux
  • Chronic sore throats
  • Heartburn

The binge-purge cycle often happens in secret and makes people feel disgusted, guilty, or ashamed. Despite these negative feelings, the cycle is hard to break because both binging and purging can temporarily make emotional pain feel better. Like anorexia, bulimia involves intense worry about body shape and weight, but the approach to food is very different.

Infographic comparing anorexia and bulimia, showing anorexia involves severe food restriction and symptoms like always feeling cold, strict food rituals, and negative body talk; while bulimia involves overeating with compensatory behaviors and symptoms like frequent bathroom trips after meals, puffy cheeks, and hiding food.

Major Differences Between Anorexia and Bulimia

Physical Appearance

The most obvious difference is how people with these disorders typically look. Those with anorexia are usually very underweight, while people with bulimia may maintain their normal weight or be slightly overweight. This means you can often see anorexia, while bulimia can stay hidden for years.

Eating Patterns

The eating patterns are also quite different. People with anorexia mainly restrict their food intake,5 eating very little or avoiding certain foods completely. People with bulimia swing between episodes of binge eating (eating large amounts of food at a time) and compensatory behaviors to try to get rid of those calories.

Relationship to Food

These conditions cause different feelings about food, too. People with anorexia tend to create strict rules about food and may feel anxious about eating. Those with bulimia typically feel out of control during binges, often eating foods they normally avoid, then desperately trying to counteract what they’ve eaten.

Emotional Experience

The emotional experience is different as well. Anorexia often brings a sense of accomplishment from restricting food and losing weight, while bulimia usually involves intense shame around binging and purging. 

Binge eating disorder (BED) and orthorexia survivor Elisa Aas describes how shame fueled the cycles of her disordered eating:6 

You feel you abused food and your body so much you don’t deserve to enjoy food again.

Both of these conditions make people feel unhappy with their bodies, but how that shows up in behaviors is quite different.

Finding and diagnosing these disorders also follows different paths. Anorexia tends to be diagnosed earlier on7 because of visible weight loss, while bulimia’s secretive nature and normal-looking weight make it harder to notice from the outside. This difference can affect how quickly someone gets help, and what kind of help they need.

Infographic illustrating the top health risks of anorexia and bulimia; anorexia risks include heart problems, weakened bones, organ failure, hormone disruption, and muscle breakdown, while bulimia risks include digestive damage, tooth erosion, swollen glands, kidney strain, and electrolyte imbalance.

Key Similarities Between Anorexia and Bulimia

Though they may look different, anorexia and bulimia have important similarities. Both involve judging your self-worth largely based on your weight and body type. People with either condition often measure their value as a person by how they look8 or how well they can control their eating.

Risk Factors

Both anorexia and bulimia can come from similar risk factors,9 including genetics, personality traits like perfectionism, history of dieting, and cultural pressures around thinness. Traumatic experiences, family dynamics, and other mental health issues like anxiety or depression can contribute to both disorders.

What are the most promising developments in eating disorder treatment that address both the physical and psychological aspects of these conditions?

The most promising development I have seen in eating disorder treatment for Anorexia and Bulimia is the increase in adoption of the Health at Every Size Approach.  So often, patients living in larger bodies have fallen by the wayside due to the stereotypes of what an eating disorder ‘should look like,’ when eating disorders are, first and foremost, mental illnesses that have a physical impact. 

By treating the physical impacts of the disorder but not using them to determine the severity of one patient’s condition over another, and incorporating a variety of therapies (such as DBT, ACT, CBT, and family therapy), eating disorders are being treated at all angles.  As a person in recovery who has lived in a larger body for most of my life, paired with my professional experience, I have witnessed how the Health at Every Size Approach leads to creating more inclusive treatment plans and lasting positive outcomes.

Sage Nestler, MSW | Releasing the Phoenix

Coping Mechanisms

There’s significant overlap between eating disorders,10 especially among people with anorexia. One study found that of the participants with anorexia, over half switched between the restricting and binge-eating/purging, and one-third developed bulimia. But interestingly, people initially diagnosed with bulimia nervosa rarely developed anorexia. So while diagnostic crossover is common in eating disorders, it tends to follow specific patterns. 

Both of these sets of behaviors serve as strategies for coping with difficult emotions and life stress. Behaviors like restricting food or binge-purge cycles temporarily relieve anxiety, distress, or emptiness. That emotional relief and sense of control11 make both conditions very hard to overcome without addressing the underlying psychological needs they’re meeting.

Impacts on People’s Lives

Finally, both of these common eating disorders seriously impact people’s quality of life, causing distress and making it hard to function at work or in social settings. They isolate people from their support networks at a time when they need connection the most.

Health Risks and Complications

Anorexia and bulimia both cause serious health problems, but in different ways. 

Health Risks of Anorexia

Anorexia has the highest death rate12 of any mental illness, with risks coming mainly from malnutrition that affects every system in the body. Severe malnutrition can cause: 

  • Heart problems
  • Bone loss
  • Muscle wasting
  • Hormone imbalances
  • In the worst cases, organ failure

Health Risks of Bulimia

Bulimia’s health risks13 come mainly from purging behaviors. Frequent vomiting can cause:

  • Irregular heartbeat from electrolyte imbalance
  • Cardiac arrest in severe cases
  • Damage to the digestive system
  • Tooth erosion
  • Swollen salivary glands

Overusing laxatives or diet pills can lead to:

  • Laxative dependence
  • Chronic digestive problems

Hormonal Imbalance

Both disorders can affect fertility and hormones. In anorexia, periods often stop14 due to low body weight and fat percentage. While people with bulimia may continue having periods, hormone disruptions can still happen, which can affect their fertility and bone health.

Long-Term Problems

Long-term problems differ somewhat between these 2 conditions. With anorexia, long-term malnutrition15 can lead to: 

  • Permanent bone density loss and an increased risk of fractures
  • Heart complications (bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension)
  • Brain changes and cognitive impairment
  • Reproductive issues 
  • Pregnancy complications 
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Weakened immune function
  • Electrolyte imbalances that affect multiple organ systems
  • Increased overall mortality risk if left untreated

Bulimia’s long-term effects16 include: 

  • Chronic digestive problems
  • Dental complications (tooth decay, gum disease)
  • Higher risk of esophageal cancer from repeated exposure to stomach acid
  • Osteoporosis due to nutritional deficiencies
  • Menstrual irregularities and reproductive problems
  • High cholesterol 
  • Increased risk of diabetes
  • Heart irregularities and arrhythmias
  • Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
  • Anemia

While some health issues like amenorrhea, acute dehydration, and certain heart problems may go away after recovery, others like osteoporosis, reproductive issues, diabetes risk, and cholesterol problems may need ongoing medical monitoring.

Medical Emergencies

If you experience fainting, chest pain, difficulty breathing, seizures, or blood in vomit, please seek emergency medical care immediately—these are not symptoms to ignore or push through. These signs indicate your body is in serious distress and requires urgent professional attention. We know reaching out to someone about an eating disorder can feel overwhelming, but regular medical supervision is absolutely essential to monitor and address these potentially life-threatening complications.

What approaches are most effective for families supporting a loved one in the early stages of eating disorder recovery?

It is important for families of loved ones in eating disorder recovery to be gentle and firm simultaneously. Be gentle in a way that validates one’s feelings, but be firm in not accommodating anxiety around eating. What would that look like? One may say to their loved one, ‘I can understand how you feel, and it is important to follow your therapist’s recommendations and eat to nourish your body.’ Using the word ‘and’ instead of ‘but’ validates both aspects of one’s experience and their long-term goal.

Jennifer Chicoine, MA, LCPC, CCTP | Peaceful Healing Counseling Services

Treatment Approaches

There’s real hope for recovery from eating disorders—both anorexia and bulimia respond well to proper treatment,17 and many people go on to live healthy, fulfilling lives free from these struggles. While the journey has its challenges, effective treatments exist and are continually improving.

Treatment approaches for anorexia and bulimia share some similarities, but also have important differences tailored to each condition. For someone with anorexia, especially when their weight has become dangerously low, the first priority is ensuring medical stability and safety. This compassionate healthcare might include time in a hospital or inpatient treatment center where a team of medical professionals can help restore weight in a gentle, supportive way.

With bulimia, treatment typically focuses on breaking the cycles of binging and purging and rebuilding a healthier relationship with food. Outpatient therapy is often the starting point, but some people might need additional medical support to address health complications. 

People can and do recover, and build lifelong healthy relationships with food.6 As Aas says,

You deserve to eat, you deserve to recover from an eating disorder, you are worthy of love, you are worthy of acceptance—mainly from yourself.

Learn more about evidence-based approaches that can transform your journey to recovery in our guide to finding treatment for eating disorders.

Therapy

Both conditions benefit from psychotherapy, but the approaches might differ. For people with anorexia, family-based treatment (FBT)18 shows strong results, especially for adolescents. This approach empowers their family members to take an active role in their recovery.

For bulimia, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often the go-to treatment. It helps people identify unhelpful thought patterns, develop regular eating habits, and learn healthier ways to cope with their feelings. 

Both conditions can also benefit from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT),19 which teaches skills for managing emotions and relationships.

Nutritional Counseling

Nutritional counseling plays a major role in treating both disorders, though the goals differ. For anorexia, the focus is on gradually increasing food intake and expanding variety. For bulimia, establishing regular eating patterns and challenging food rules is key to breaking the binge-purge cycle.

Medication

Medication has a more established role in bulimia treatment, with certain antidepressants showing effectiveness in reducing binge-purge behaviors.20 For anorexia, medication is less commonly the primary treatment but may help with co-occurring conditions like anxiety or depression.

Compassionate, Comprehensive Recovery and Support for Eating Disorders

Healing from an eating disorder takes both professional guidance and loving support. The journey looks different for everyone—people with anorexia may start with rebuilding their physical health, while people with bulimia may focus on establishing gentle routines.

When friends and family create spaces free of food judgment, recovery flourishes. And with compassionate professionals by your side, even setbacks become stepping stones.

Many people with these conditions find their way to complete recovery. Your struggle isn’t a personal failure—it’s a health condition that responds to care. If you’re suffering, find an eating disorder treatment program that meets your needs and reach out to a specialist today. 

You deserve support, and healing is within reach.

FAQs

Q: What causes anorexia and bulimia? 

A: These eating disorders develop from a mix of genetics, personality traits, family dynamics, and social pressures. Things like perfectionism, stress, and cultural beauty standards also play a huge role. They’re not choices or personality flaws—they’re serious health conditions that need supportive care.

Q: How do you know if someone has bulimia? 

A: Signs of bulimia include sneaking off to the bathroom after meals, swollen cheeks, calluses on knuckles, excessive exercise, dental issues, and missing food. People with bulimia often succeed in keeping it hidden because their weight might not change much, but they struggle in secret.

Q: Will I ever accept being at a normal body mass index (BMI)? 

A: Healing takes time, but yes, many people learn to feel comfortable in their bodies with the right support. Therapy helps challenge negative thoughts, and focusing on what your body can do instead of just how it looks can make a big difference.

Q: What are the first steps in getting help? 

A: Start by talking to your therapist, doctor, or someone you trust. You can also use an independent, non-biased treatment finder or call the National Eating Disorders Association helpline (1-800-931-2237). A specialist can help figure out the best plan for you. 

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Katlyn’s 9 Steps Towards Healing from Trauma, Abuse, and an Eating Disorder

In a deeply candid and moving conversation, Katlyn, a survivor in recovery from narcissistic abuse, Complex PTSD, and anorexia, shared invaluable insights into her journey. Her words offer a beacon of hope and practical guidance for anyone grappling with the aftermath of trauma and the challenging path of recovery.

Katlyn’s experience highlights the tumultuous nature of healing, emphasizing that it’s not a linear ascent but rather a complex dance of progress and setbacks. Yet, through vulnerability and the development of crucial coping mechanisms, a more grounded and present life is possible.

1. Recognizing the Need and Finding Inner Strength

Before recovery, Katlyn described emotional instability and chaos, feeling disconnected from the present. The turning point came when she recognized her strength in escaping a harmful situation. “Once I got myself out of that situation, it was a wake up call for me that I had the strength and resilience to remove myself from the situation to even identify the abuse as it is.” This acknowledgment of inner resilience is the crucial first step towards healing.

2. Seeking Support and Building a Foundation

A cornerstone of Katlyn’s recovery was actively seeking support from trusted individuals and professionals. “To help set myself on a path to recovery, I reached out for help, first of all, to people that I trusted with my vulnerable state. Um, I then got myself into some therapy specifically for what I am going through in recovering from.” Therapy, support groups, and even nutritional guidance create a vital network for navigating the complexities of trauma recovery.

Explore treatment options for trauma and eating disorders.

3. Establishing Structure and Self-Care Rituals

Creating daily routines provided Katlyn with stability and fostered self-care. “Just kind of establishing daily rituals for myself, kind of a container and structure for my day…made me feel healthy, clean, loved, and taken care of by myself.” Consistent rituals, even small ones, offer comfort and reinforce self-compassion.

4. Processing Emotions Through Expression

Katlyn found significant benefit in expressing her emotions, whether through journaling or talking. “I think journaling was something else that I started doing daily…my main advice would be to get it out, vomit out the emotion, however you need to do that.” Externalizing feelings prevents them from becoming internalized and allows for greater self-awareness and emotional regulation.

5. Rebuilding the Self with Compassion and Connection

Recovery involves redefining one’s relationship with oneself, moving away from being defined by trauma. “Seeing me for the first time with all of the things that I’ve experienced as a beautiful, strong person versus feeling like those things are me, are defining me.” Connecting with others who have similar experiences breaks isolation and reinforces that healing is possible. Group and family therapy can provide a safe place to foster meaningful connections. Cultivating self-compassion is also key.

6. Allowing Time and Embracing the Nonlinear Journey

Katlyn emphasized the importance of patience in the healing process. “That’s something else that I learned that helped me stay in recovery is that I need time. Time changes things. It gives us new perspectives.” Trauma processing is not linear; it involves ups and downs. Accepting this reality and allowing time for healing is crucial.

7. Cultivating Present Moment Awareness and Reclaiming Joy

Finding grounding in the present and rediscovering joy are vital aspects of recovery. “Having started my recovery journey, my life now is definitely a lot more present…my life is filled with…just a lot of good freaking food.” Engaging with the present and allowing oneself to experience pleasure, even in small ways, counteracts the negative impacts of trauma.

8. Setting Boundaries and Communicating Needs

Learning to identify fear, set boundaries, and communicate needs empowers survivors. “I have had to retrain myself to defend myself and recognize when I’m having, um, an intuition of fear…I have the tools and, um, capacity to communicate that versus being stuck.” Developing these skills is essential for self-protection and building healthy relationships.

9. Embracing Change and Recognizing Inner Strength

Katlyn offered a powerful message of hope and resilience. “The advice that I would give someone who is a survivor of anything traumatic is that things will change and that you deserve to see out the change…remind yourself how strong you are, how worthy you are.” Recognizing one’s inherent strength and the impermanence of difficult times fuels the ongoing journey of recovery. Even acknowledging the desire for change is a significant and brave first step.

Katlyn’s journey underscores that healing from trauma is a multifaceted process that requires courage, support, and self-compassion. By embracing these essential steps, individuals can begin to find their footing and move towards a more grounded and hopeful future.

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Understanding Process Addiction: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

When we think of addiction, we usually think of drugs or alcohol. But did you know you can also become addicted to certain behaviors? 

Process addiction, also known as behavioral addiction, is an addiction to behaviors like eating, shopping, or sex that can result in an unhealthy relationship with activities that are otherwise a normal part of life. We explore the various types of process addiction, their signs and symptoms, and effective treatment options.

What Is Process Addiction? 

Process addiction, also known as behavioral addiction, involves compulsively engaging in certain behaviors despite their negative consequences. Not all behavioral addictions are yet in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses (DSM-5), the professional manual on mental health disorders. But the American Psychiatric Association (APA) does include behaviors—not just substances—in its definition of addiction:1 

A state of psychological and/or physical dependence on the use of drugs or other substances, such as alcohol, or on activities or behaviors. The term…can be applied to non-substance-related behavioral addictions, such as sex, exercise, and gambling.

Unlike substance addiction, where the dependency is on drugs or alcohol, process addiction centers on actions that cause intense feelings of pleasure or relief, creating an overwhelming urge to repeat them. These behaviors, which might include gambling, shopping, or internet-based activities, can consume people to the point of disrupting their daily lives. The cycle of addiction is driven by the same brain changes that are involved in substance addiction, and it’s equally important to address process addiction with the same seriousness and care.

Types of Process Addiction

Gambling Addiction 

Gambling addiction is a strong, uncontrollable need to keep gambling, even when it’s causing severe problems. This can include anything from playing the lottery and betting on sports to hitting the casinos or gambling online. The excitement of possibly winning2 can push people to gamble more money than they can afford, leading to mounting debt and stress. Even though they know the risks, the urge to keep gambling grows stronger, making it feel virtually impossible to stop.

Shopping Addiction

Shopping addiction, sometimes called compulsive buying disorder, is an overwhelming need to shop and spend money. This addiction also causes significant financial and emotional stress. While it’s not a central focus in the recovery space, it is widespread: shopping addiction affects around 5.8% of people in the U.S.3 

People with this addiction get a temporary emotional boost when they make a purchase—but it’s often followed by guilt or regret. Shopping becomes a way to deal with feelings or fill a void, but it only creates bigger problems.

The fact that most shopping now takes place online adds another layer to this problem: 

“Shopping enabled via the Internet now introduces new features to the shopping experience that translates to positive benefits for the shopper,” say authors of a study on online shopping addiction.4 “Evidence now suggests that this new shopping experience may lead to problematic online shopping behaviour.” 

Internet Addiction

The term “internet addiction” refers to an addiction to behaviors that are performed online as opposed to the internet itself. As one meta-study states, “exactly what it is on the Internet that they are addicted to still remains unclear.”5  

This addiction is more about being hooked on certain online behaviors,6 like social media, gaming, or endless web browsing—and it affects between 1.5-8.2% of people in Europe and the U.S. 

Being unable to control the time you spend online can cause you to neglect your responsibilities, become socially isolated, and start to develop mental health issues like anxiety or depression. While turning to the virtual world to escape real-life problems is increasingly common, spending too much time online usually worsens these issues, creating a tough cycle to break.

Food Addiction

Food addiction happens when someone can’t control their eating habits, even when they know it’s harmful to their health. It’s often tied to emotional eating, where food becomes a way to cope with depression, anxiety, or stress. People with this addiction tend to crave high-calorie or sugary foods, which can lead to weight gain, self-esteem issues, and other problems with mental and physical health. 

Eating disorders are multifaceted and complex, and eating disorders and food addiction are not necessarily the same thing. However, understanding that behavioral addictions can sometimes include eating can help us better understand and treat disordered eating. According to current research on eating addiction,7 

Food addiction is considered an important link for a better understanding of psychiatric and medical problems triggered by dysfunctions of eating behaviors, e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, binge eating disorder, or bulimia nervosa.

Some foods have a higher addictive potential than others. The same study finds that “High-sodium foods, artificially flavored foods, rich carbohydrate- and saturated fats-containing foods are triggers for the activation of the same neural pathways, therefore they act similarly to any drug of abuse.”

While it may not be clearly defined, researchers agree that food addiction functions in much the same way that substance addictions do: “Food addiction is considered a disorder based on functional negative consequences, associated distress and potential risks to both psychological well-being and physical health.”8 

Sex Addiction

Sex addiction, sometimes called hypersexual disorder, is when someone’s sexual behavior becomes compulsive, negatively impacting their relationships and daily life. These behaviors often stem from deeper emotional or psychological issues.

Sex addiction is listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) under impulse control disorders as compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD).9

There’s still debate among some behavioral scientists, however, about whether it can be classified as an addiction at all. “It’s not consistent with an addiction model,” says psychologist Jeffrey Parsons, PhD. “Sexual compulsivity is something that clearly exists, but it has a lot of variation and variability in how it presents itself.”10

Regardless of how it’s officially defined, compulsive sexual behavior seriously impacts a lot of people. Members of Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (S.L.A.A.) say, “We find a common denominator in our obsessive/compulsive patterns,”11 which they describe as: 

  • Lacking healthy boundaries around sexual involvement and emotional attachment 
  • Staying in destructive relationships out of fear of loneliness or abandonment 
  • Confusing “love with neediness, physical and sexual attraction, pity and/or the need to rescue or be rescued”
  • Using sex to cope with difficult emotions like stress, guilt, or shame

To better understand the challenges of process addiction, let’s explore its signs and symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms of Process Addiction 

Behavioral addictions cause very similar changes in the brain, and therefore present similarly, to substance addictions. Signs of process addiction include obsession, compulsive behavior, neglecting your responsibilities, and social withdrawal. 

Obsessive Preoccupation

When someone has a process addiction, they often become obsessed with the behavior to the point where it takes over their thoughts. They might constantly think about it, plan when they’ll do it next, and find it hard to focus on anything else. This obsession can cause them to increasingly engage in the behavior, even when they don’t want to or know it’s causing harm.

Compulsive Behaviors 

A key sign of process addiction is the uncontrollable urge to repeat certain behaviors even when you know they’re not good for you. People struggling with compulsive behaviors feel driven to do them again and again, chasing whatever positive feelings they provide. These behaviors become more frequent and intense over time.

Neglect of Responsibilities

People with process addictions may neglect their responsibilities at home, work, school, or in their relationships as the compulsive behavior takes priority. Once-important tasks might be put off or ignored, causing missed deadlines, a decline in performance, or even job loss. 

Withdrawal From Social Activities

Process addiction can result in social withdrawal as you become absorbed in your addictive behavior. You might avoid social gatherings, withdraw from family and friends, or lose interest in the things you used to love doing. This isolation only heightens feelings of loneliness and depression, further entrenching the addictive behavior as a coping strategy.

Root Causes of Process Addiction

Compulsive behavior addictions, like alcohol and drug addictions, can be influenced by several factors. According to addiction researchers,

Genetic predisposition, psychological and environmental risk factors, the timing of exposure to the substance, the type of substance used, and the frequency of use influence the individual’s susceptibility to addiction.12

Mental Health Issues

Process addictions often stem from underlying mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or trauma. If you don’t have other coping strategies in place, these issues can prompt you to turn to behaviors that momentarily make you feel good—like gambling, shopping, or overeating—as a way to distract yourself from emotional pain. But while this might offer temporary relief, it only worsens mental health issues over time. 

Environmental Factors

A number of environmental factors can influence your likelihood of developing a process addiction:13  

  • Childhood abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual)
  • Access to drugs and alcohol
  • Social dynamics with your peer group 
  • Substance abuse in your family 
  • Your parents’ views on, and rules around, drugs and alcohol 
  • Religion and culture 

For example, growing up in a household where addictive behaviors are common or dealing with chronic stress can increase the risk of forming a process addiction. Understanding and learning to manage these environmental triggers can help you overcome process addiction—or even prevent it in the first place.

Genetic Predisposition

Genetics can make some people more likely to develop process addictions. If addiction runs in the family—whether it’s to substances or behaviors—it may increase your likelihood of following a similar path. Genetics can also affect how the brain responds to rewarding behaviors, making certain people more prone to compulsive habits. 

Pinpointing the exact genes that influence addiction14 has been difficult, however, as addiction is complex and doesn’t follow a clear pattern. “Because addiction is a heterogeneous and complex disorder15 without a clear Mendelian pattern, identification of specific genes has proved challenging,” say addiction researchers. While genetics alone don’t cause addiction, they are an important factor to consider.

Impact of Process Addiction on Daily Life

Emotional Consequences

Process addiction can deeply affect your emotional health as it causes persistent guilt, shame, and anxiety. The rush of excitement during a certain addictive behavior is often followed by intense regret. This emotional rollercoaster causes mood swings and can even cause long-term mental health conditions like depression. Over time, this ongoing cycle can erode your self-esteem as you start to feel stuck in negative patterns.

Relationship Strain

Process addiction takes a toll on your relationships. People may become dishonest or distant as they prioritize their addiction over their loved ones. This leads to conflicts, broken trust, and emotional distance with partners, friends, or family. 

Gambling addiction is known to be especially hard on relationships because of the way it strains finances. “Pathological gambling is a relevant condition that negatively affects the family system of gamblers,” say authors of a study on pathological gambling and romantic relationships.16 The same study found that “partners of pathological gamblers reported a worse quality of couple relationship on all dimensions investigated: they reported higher levels of conflict and lower levels of companionship, help, security, and closeness,” and that “both pathological gamblers and their partners reported a more insecure romantic attachment.”

Rebuilding these connections is an essential part of recovery. 

Financial Troubles

Some process addictions, like gambling or shopping, can cause serious financial problems. Spending and betting can quickly get out of control, and the resulting financial stress often worsens the addiction as people use more of the same behavior to try to escape their problems. 

Work or Academic Performance Issues

Process addiction can cause a drop in your performance at work or in school. As the addictive behavior consumes more time and energy, other responsibilities start to fall by the wayside. Missing deadlines, trouble focusing, and decreased productivity can lead to bad grades or job loss. 

Treatment Options for Process Addiction

Evidence-Based Therapies

Several evidence-based therapies are proven effective for treating behavioral addiction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely used treatments for process addictions,17 helping people identify and challenge the thought patterns that fuel their compulsive behaviors. Another well-supported option is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which encourages people to accept their thoughts and emotions rather than avoid them, and teaches healthy coping mechanisms.

Evidence-based therapies are delivered in group or individual formats. A combination of these is often the most effective way to achieve long-term recovery from process addiction.

Innovative Approaches 

While the mechanisms of behavioral addiction are very similar to substance use disorders, process addictions pose a unique set of challenges. That’s why specialized programs are often more effective. According to one study on treatment for process addictions,18

Research suggests similarities between natural and drug reward processing, but clinical evidence supports the utilization of treatment modalities for these behavioral conditions that can sometimes differ from traditional drug treatment.

Thankfully, a wide array of innovative treatment approaches are gaining popularity in addressing process addiction. Mindfulness-based therapy, for example, focuses on helping people become more aware of their thoughts and behaviors, allowing them to put some helpful space between their urges and reactions. Tech-based interventions like apps and online programs offer accessible, personalized support for people in ongoing recovery.

Rehab Programs 

Rehab programs designed for process addiction offer effective, comprehensive care, whether you’re staying in an inpatient facility or attending outpatient sessions. Inpatient programs give you a structured environment where you can focus entirely on recovery, while outpatient options provide flexibility so you can balance treatment with work, school, or family life. Both types of programs usually combine therapy, education, and life skills training to help you build the tools you need for life in recovery.

Addressing Co-Occurring Disorders 

Many people struggling with process addiction also deal with mental health issues like depression or anxiety. These challenges often fuel addictive behaviors, making recovery even more complicated. That’s why it’s so important to treat both the addiction and any underlying mental health conditions at the same time. Thoroughly addressing both issues lets you recover—and reduce the risk of relapse—more effectively.

Comprehensive Care Matters

Integrated Treatment Strategies

An integrated approach to treating process addictions addresses not just the symptoms, but the mental, emotional, and physical aspects of addiction. A combination of therapies is often most effective—research shows that a “multimodal, bio-psychosocial approach of treatment including individual, group, family or conjoint therapy, use of medication when necessary and adjunct treatments such as self-help groups will be the most cohesive and effective way for behavioral addictions.”19 

Long-Term Support and Aftercare 

Recovery from process addiction doesn’t end with rehab—you need long-term support to stay on track. Aftercare programs help prevent relapse and reinforce the progress you’ve made by offering regular therapy sessions, support groups, and access to resources that keep you focused on recovery. Ongoing support ensures you continue making healthy choices and staying motivated toward long-term recovery.

Building a Support Network

Having a solid support network is critical to maintaining your recovery. Whether it’s friends, family, or people you meet in support groups, leaning on others when you need to makes the journey less isolating. These relationships provide the encouragement, understanding, and accountability you need to stay on track when challenges come up. 

Reclaiming Your Life from Process Addiction

Recognizing process addiction is the first step toward taking back control of your life. But recovery isn’t just about stopping an addictive behavior—it’s about addressing its root causes, rebuilding your self-esteem, and creating a balanced, healthy life that doesn’t include addiction. While the journey may be challenging, the right process addiction treatment and support puts lasting recovery within reach. Explore addiction treatment centers to find a program that meets your needs, and contact them directly today.

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The Signs a Young Adult May Have an Eating Disorder

Adolescence and early adulthood are pivotal periods for navigating life’s challenges and developing a sense of identity, particularly when it comes to mental health. During this time, external pressures can contribute to the rise of eating disorders, which have become a silent epidemic among young adults. Disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating not only impact physical health—leading to malnutrition, heart complications, and other severe conditions—but also take a profound toll on mental well-being.

Recognizing the signs early during these formative years can make the difference between a lifelong struggle and a successful recovery. Early intervention allows young adults to regain their health, rebuild self-esteem, and restore a healthy relationship with food and body image.

Listen to our podcast episode with Dana Sedlak (LCSW, CEDS-C) to learn more about eating disorders and adolescent treatment options. 

Common Types of Eating Disorders in Young Adults

Eating disorders can affect anyone, but especially young people. The average onset begins between ages 18-211, a time when individuals are particularly vulnerable to societal pressures and body image concerns. Each eating disorder is a complicated and multifaceted condition that requires specialized care.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to severe restriction of food intake1. People with anorexia often have an obsession with being thin and extreme dieting, excessive exercise, or other behaviors to avoid weight gain.

A person with anorexia nervosa can drastically lose weight, refuse to maintain a healthy weight, and fixate on calorie counting or food-related rituals. Despite the risks such as malnutrition, fatigue, and weakened immune function, the fear of gaining weight drives the person’s cycle of restrictive behaviors.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa involves cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, or “purging,” to prevent weight gain2. During a binge, the individual can feel “out of control” while eating and consume a large amount of food in a short period of time, followed by intense guilt, shame, or distress. To counteract the binge and these negative feelings, the person purges by self-induced vomiting, excessive laxative use, or extreme exercise. 

Unlike anorexia, people with bulimia may maintain a normal or above-average weight, making the disorder less immediately visible. However, bulimia can lead to serious health complications, including electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal problems, dental erosion, and heart issues, making it a dangerous and harmful disorder if left untreated.

Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating disorder (BED) has recurrent binge episodes, and, unlike bulimia nervosa, individuals do not purge3. During a binge, the person may eat rapidly, eat until uncomfortably full, eat large quantities even when not hungry, and isolate themselves, then feel ashamed or guilty afterward. These intense emotions can lead to a cycle of emotional eating. 

Someone with BED does not take immediate action to counteract the calories consumed, leading to weight gain and health risks like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues. 

Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED)

Some eating disorders may not neatly fit into the traditional categories but still have severe health implications. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), for example, is when individuals limit food intake due to a lack of interest in eating4 or an aversion to certain textures or tastes, rather than concerns about body image. Orthorexia nervosa, though not officially recognized as an eating disorder, involves an unhealthy obsession with eating foods deemed “pure” or “healthy,”5 which can lead to severe dietary restrictions and malnutrition.

Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) can also be a diagnostic category for individuals who exhibit significant eating disorder behaviors but do not meet the full criteria6 for anorexia, bulimia, or BED. OSFED can include a wide range of disordered eating patterns that still pose serious health risks, such as night eating syndrome or purging disorder. 

Physical Signs of an Eating Disorder

While weight fluctuation is perfectly normal, staying vigilant to your child’s physical and mental well-being can help you discern if the changes are healthy or warning signs of an eating disorder. 

Noticeable Weight Changes

Restrictive eating behaviors can result in weight loss, as seen in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, where food intake is drastically reduced or purging prevents weight gain. This weight loss often comes with other red flags, including fatigue and dizziness as the body becomes deprived of essential nutrients.

Conversely, rapid weight gain can indicate BED with frequent episodes of overeating. 

When talking to your child about weight loss or gain, remember that this topic is sensitive and accompanied by a host of negative feelings. Instead of focusing on their weight, you can discuss your concern about their eating habits and its impact on their health.

Physical Health Issues

Outside of weight, unhealthy eating behaviors impact all parts of the body via inadequate nutrition or harmful behaviors like vomiting. Carbohydrates serve as the brain’s main energy source7, so severely restricting food intake causes low energy levels, dizziness, and fatigue8 as well as cognitive impairment and decline.  

Symptoms such as bloating, constipation, or abdominal pain can manifest from irregular eating patterns9, starvation, or the misuse of laxatives.

For women, hormonal imbalances due to extreme weight loss or nutritional deficiency can cause amenorrhea10, or disruptions or complete cessation of their menstrual cycle. In these cases, the body prioritizes essential survival functions over the reproductive system, which has the potential for long-term harm.

Changes in Appearance

Due to a lack of essential nutrients, particularly protein and vitamins, hair and nails become brittle and dry11. Malnutrition and dehydration can also cause the skin to lose its elasticity and moisture, leading to a dry and flaky appearance.

Purging behaviors, such as vomiting, create dental problems as stomach acid erodes tooth enamel12. This can lead to tooth decay, sensitivity, discoloration, and even gum disease. Chronic vomiting can also damage the throat and mouth lining.

Behavioral Signs of an Eating Disorder

Often, someone with an eating disorder will try to hide their unhealthy eating habits. If you suspect that your child has an eating disorder, try to pick up on the subtle behavioral indicators that they may need help.

Obsession with Food and Weight

In an attempt to maintain control over their weight and emotions, they may constantly track every calorie consumed, often to an extreme degree, indicating an unhealthy relationship with food. Chronic dieting or switching between restrictive eating plans disrupt normal eating patterns, contributing to a cycle of weight loss and gain, damaging both physical health and mental stability.

By fixating on their body image, they may have a distorted view of their own size, even when underweight. You may notice frequent body checking (e.g., excessively looking in mirrors, pinching skin). 

Secretive Behavior

Rooted in deep emotional struggles related to body image and self-worth, someone with an eating disorder may isolate themselves and exhibit sneaky behavior around meals. They may stash or hide food in their room, bags, or other secret locations and consume large quantities of food privately. 

The person can lie about their eating habits, claiming to have eaten when they haven’t or significantly downplaying how much they ate. Or they may immediately leave the table after eating to purge. 

Emotional and Psychological Signs

While the most obvious signs of an eating disorder appear physically, the emotional distress behind the changes can sometimes have the most negative impact. 

Mood Swings and Irritability

When the body is fighting to function without proper fuel (food), cognition declines. Malnutrition and restrictive behaviors can affect brain chemistry13, leading to a lower tolerance for life’s ups and downs and causing sadness, frustration, or mood swings. 

Eating disorders like anorexia can lead to structural changes in the brain14 such as loss of gray matter and decreased thickness of the cerebral cortex and the outer layer of the brain. These mutations influence emotional regulation, lending to an overall negative affect.

Anxiety and Depression

It’s no coincidence the rise of anxiety and depression among young adults correlates with the onset of eating disorders15. These conditions provoke more severe disordered eating symptoms and create a complex web of co-occurring conditions necessitating specialized treatment. 

Much like anxiety and depression, someone with an eating disorder tends to have low self-esteem and withdraw from social activities, either due to fear of eating with others or from fatigue. A constant preoccupation with food, weight, and body image also creates emotional exhaustion, exacerbating the symptoms.  

Perfectionism and Control Issues

For some, controlling their eating is a way to process and cope with situations that are out of their control—usually spiraling into unhealthy and restrictive habits. Perfectionism can manifest as strict dietary rules and an extreme exercise regimen to feed the obsession of an ideal body type. And when they fall short of these unattainable standards, the person can experience intense self-criticism and guilt, perpetuating disordered eating patterns.

Eating disorders often coincide with conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and other compulsive disorders as both are driven by intrusive, distressing thoughts16. Someone with these co-occurring conditions may severely restrict their food among other behavioral rituals in an attempt to control their anxieties and thoughts. Each disorder has a unique impact on the brain and body, requiring individualized care.

Impact on Daily Life

Physical, behavioral, and emotional disruptions can blend into a symphony of destructive daily habits, worsening the eating disorder. Over time, this degrades the person’s overall well-being.

Academic Performance

Depriving the brain of proper nutrition leads to poor attention, concentration, and problem solving skills13, therefore decreasing academic performance. Students can then feel overwhelmed and frustrated by their poor performance, contributing to a cycle of restrictive behaviors and underperformance.

Beyond the physical impact of malnutrition, obsessive thoughts and anxieties can further disrupt concentration as they fixate on counting calories, planning meals, or their weight. Mood swings may also make it hard to stay present in academic settings.

Social Withdrawal

People with eating disorders tend to distance themselves from loved ones, avoiding social interactions and family gatherings to hide their food habits. They may feel ashamed of their eating disorder and concerned about judgements from worried friends and family. 

Isolation can only worsen the negative thought patterns involved in an eating disorder as a cycle of rumination grows. If you’re concerned about your child, you can try to do low stress, fun activities with them without mentioning their weight or eating habits to break this habit.

Daily Routine Disruptions

Eating disorders often interfere with healthy sleep17 due to energy and hormonal imbalances, leading to issues such as insomnia and irregular sleep patterns. This lack of sleep and food can contribute to poor concentration, irritability, and more.

Many individuals, particularly those with anorexia nervosa, orthorexia, or bulimia nervosa, compulsively or excessively exercise as a way to control weight or “burn off” calories. This overexercising can become a rigid part of their routine, often prioritized over other aspects of life, including social activities, rest, or work. 

Whether through lost hours of sleep, a preoccupation with exercise, or difficulty completing daily tasks due to fatigue, an eating disorder can take over much of their mental and physical energy.

When to Seek Professional Help

There is no such thing as a “bad” time to ask for help—whether you’re noticing the onset of eating disorder warning signs or the person needs serious medical care, professional treatment and family support can help your young adult not feel alone in their struggles.

Consulting Healthcare Providers

A healthcare professional can offer tailored insights for eating disorders and collaborate with you to create an achievable care plan. 

A pediatrician or general practitioner can be a good first point of contact. They can perform an initial physical assessment to evaluate the individual’s overall health, checking for signs of malnutrition, weight loss, or other physical symptoms associated with eating disorders (heart irregularities, electrolyte imbalances, or gastrointestinal issues). After these initial meetings, the practitioner can refer you to a specialist.

You may employ a diverse range of professionals to treat the eating disorder and any co-occurring conditions. Eating disorders are often linked to deep-seated emotional and psychological issues such as anxiety, so a psychologist can help address the mental and emotional aspects of each disorder through therapy. A registered dietitian specializing in eating disorders plays a crucial role in nutritional rehabilitation, as well. They can help restore a healthy relationship with food by creating personalized meal plans that support both physical and emotional recovery.

When necessary, eating disorder treatment centers offer intensive, multidisciplinary care based on the client’s needs. Some people with eating disorders may need a more intensive level of care to help monitor and manage their symptoms. When talking to your doctor, you can figure out which level of care best fits your needs:

  • Outpatient (OP): You’ll meet 1-2x per week with your provider and others in treatment.
  • Intensive outpatient (IOP): You’ll meet 3-5x per week for several hours at a time for more intensive care.
  • Partial hospitalization (PHP): You’ll meet 5-7 times a week for a full day.
  • Residential: You’ll live in a rehab for 28+ days and engage in treatment with a comprehensive staff and a community of peers.
  • Inpatient: You’ll live in a treatment center or hospital-like setting and have 24/7 monitoring.

Supporting a Young Adult with an Eating Disorder

Your child might be going through a confusing and complex time, and your support can set them on the path to a healthy relationship with their mind and body.

Open Communication

When talking to your young adult, it’s important that they feel safe in their space and in the conversation to be honest and vulnerable. Try to approach them with a non-judgemental tone, and calmly voice your concerns. You can say phrases like “I’ve noticed that you seem to be struggling with eating lately, and I’m concerned about your health.” This approach focuses on your feelings and observations rather than making the person feel judged or blamed.

Avoid talking about their physical appearance. Comments about their size, even if intended to be positive or neutral, can reinforce the focus on body image and exacerbate shame and guilt. 

Change takes time, and they may not be ready to acknowledge their problem immediately. Be patient and try to avoid threatening language, as this may push them away or increase their resistance to seeking help.

Let them know that you are there for them, regardless of their response to your concerns. Make it clear that your support is unwavering, and they can talk to you whenever they feel ready.

Creating a Supportive Environment

Your home can be a safe space where your young adult feels encouraged, understood, and supported in their journey toward health and well-being. In addition to having filling, nutrient dense foods, you can create a comfortable environment that encourages discussing emotions, struggles, and progress without fear of judgment.

You can be a positive role model for your child. Try to avoid dieting and weight talk, as this can reinforce disordered thinking. Shift the focus from appearance and weight to overall health and well-being, as this helps reduce the pressure they may feel to meet certain body image standards.

Recovery from an eating disorder is often a long and complex process, with setbacks and challenges along the way. Be patient and compassionate as they navigate their journey.

Resources for Further Help

These resources provide various levels of support, from immediate crisis intervention to long-term recovery assistance, and are available to individuals, families, and caregivers.

Hotlines:

  1. National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) Helpline

Phone: 1-800-931-2237

Text: Text “NEDA” to 741741 for 24/7 crisis support

  1. Crisis Text Line

Text: Text “HELLO” to 741741

  1. The Trevor Project (for LGBTQ+ youth)

Phone: 1-866-488-7386

Text: Text “START” to 678678

Websites:

  1. National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA): Offers comprehensive resources, including a screening tool, information on treatment options, and support forums.
  2. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD): Offers free, peer-led support groups, mentoring programs, and educational resources for individuals and families affected by eating disorders.
  3. Eating Disorder Hope: Provides resources on eating disorder treatment, recovery tools, and educational information for individuals and families.
  4. BEAT (United Kingdom): Offers support, resources, and a helpline for individuals with eating disorders in the UK.

Support Groups:

  1. ANAD (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders)
  2. Eating Disorders Anonymous (EDA)
  3. Overeaters Anonymous (OA)
  4. The Body Positive
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Discovering New Pathways to Eating Disorder Recovery

Dana Sedlak, LCSW, CEDS-C, was a wonderful guest on our recent Recovery.com Podcast episode. We were honored to learn more about her personal and professional experiences with eating disorder recovery, advancements in care, and how parents can navigate recovery with their children. Dana’s professional experience has centered around adolescents and their families, which she continues to this day. 

You can find Dana’s episode here and hear from our past guests.

A Passionate Eating Disorder Specialist

Dana Sedlak is a certified eating disorder specialist, licensed clinical social worker (LCSW), and a consultant with the International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals (IAEDP). She’s worked primarily with adolescents at several treatment providers for eating disorder recovery. She strives to help teens rediscover their personal identity, learn healthy coping skills, and feel empowered and hopeful in their recovery.

Dana’s own experience as an adolescent with an eating disorder, and her subsequent recovery, fuels the daily passion she brings to her work.

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Dana’s personal experience with an eating disorder began in 8th grade. Mono left her unable to participate in sports, which was a key aspect of her life. She also went through grief at that time, which, 

“I would describe it as a perfect storm, right? There were so many different things happening in my life at that time that really kind of set me up for the actual development.”

Mono led her to lose weight and nearly every form of socialization, like school and sports. The grief, sickness, life upheaval, and stress led to unhealthy and unpleasant coping behaviors. Dana says, 

“It was very clear that I didn’t want to be doing the behaviors that I was doing, but I had no idea how to stop them.” 

Dana bravely involved her family once she realized something was wrong. As someone who loves writing and how it let her voice what she really felt, Dana wrote her family a letter describing what she was dealing with and that she needed their help. They responded promptly and got her into treatment. But even with their quick and loving response, Dana still struggled with imposter syndrome and worrying she was just ‘being dramatic.’ She remembers wondering,

“Maybe it’s not a big deal. Maybe I’m just experiencing something that everybody else in the world or all the other adolescent females might also be experiencing. And so feeling, like, am I being dramatic? Am I making this to be something way more than it is?”

Telling her family about her struggles also meant giving up her coping tool, uncovering her deep secret, and committing to treatment. Dana recalls,

“There was a swift, also, panic, right? Of what did I just do? But then there was a moment of relief, of okay, this is no longer just mine. And someone is going to help me.” 

The Importance of Communication and Forming Personal Identity

Dana’s personal story and what she’s experienced as a treatment provider highlights the crucial aspect of communication—between parents and adolescents, treatment providers and patients, and even within ourselves. She suggests parents keep an open line of communication with their kids to catch issues before they arise, get prompt treatment when they do, and validate challenges along the way.

Identity also becomes a crucial issue to address in treatment for adolescents. Dana called out the tendency for teens (and adults) to tie their identity to the sport they play, their extracurricular activities, and their grade point average. While those aspects may be key parts of their personal identity, exploring who they are beyond that can help teens understand how and why eating disorders have become a coping mechanism. Dana says, 

“We have to be able to help somebody understand themselves enough to realize, how is this [the eating disorder] helping me? How is this serving me? What is this doing for me–positively, without the judgment around it–to then figure out. Okay, so what are my other options? But if we don’t know that to begin with, we’re never going to figure out other options.”

Social media has also affected how young adults view and form their identity. The positive reinforcement of likes and shares encourages them to develop “suitable” versions of themselves. Managing this can lead to the stress associated with eating disorders or encourage weight loss through unrealistic portrayals of bodies and body image online. Through treatment, Dana strives to make teens feel like they’re living an authentic life true to themselves and who they are. She says, 

“I want them to just feel like they’re living a life of purpose that’s true to them. And that’s going to be the biggest protective factor...”

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How Parents Can Help: Early Intervention

By the time a parent notices their child struggling with an eating disorder (unless they’re well-aware of the signs), it can have already progressed to needing intensive lifestyle changes and treatment. Regarding how parents often feel when discovering this, Dana empathetically says,

“There can feel like, there’s a lot of blame and shame in parenting, feeling like it’s a parent’s fault, or that they didn’t see something.” … “I think it needs to be everybody being more educated and knowing how we start to see these early onset signs.” 

The earlier intervention happens, the better treatment outcomes become (that’s true for eating disorders and addiction.) An honest and compassionate conversation can be the first step in initiating treatment. When these interventions happen, 

“And to me, if we’re doing that, we’re not just preventing eating disorders, we’re preventing a significant amount of mental health issues.” … “You have to be integrated into your own family unit, as best as you can and have the conversations as much as you can, just as a first step, as a preventative, as part of the family culture.”

Relating to this, our host Dr. Malasri Chaudhery-Malgeri adds,

“I think my message to parents who are doing that, is that you’re trying and that matters. And eventually, usually, that will get noticed. So don’t worry, you know, like as long as you’re making that effort and you’re trying and you’re keeping those lines of communication open, that’s great.”

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Advancements and Goals for Eating Disorder Treatment

More open communication and a team-oriented approach in the home is a preventative measure Dana sees having vast benefits. She says,

“…how do we eliminate that power struggle as much as possible of, we’re here to help you recover, but that also doesn’t look like me trying to take this thing away from you and getting into that back and forth with you, right? We can kind of both remove ourselves from that and figure out, how do we be a team? Against the eating disorder is what I always try to phrase it as, right?”

Family therapy and education on eating disorders also helps families heal as a collective unit. Many treatment centers, especially ones for adolescents, have started seeing the importance of family care and incorporating it as a vital component. 

Coaching has also become a vital tool in long-term eating disorder recovery. Therapists and/or  those with lived experience can become certified as eating disorder recovery coaches and walk beside people in their recovery. This keeps the patient connected to support without intensive care, or really the feeling of ‘being in treatment.’

As for what Dana would tell others struggling with an eating disorder, especially teens, she says, 

“But taking the chance, even if you don’t know that you want to get rid of the eating disorder, that’s okay. How can we still help you take a step towards feeling better right now? And like I was saying before, the rest will come. You deserve to feel better, you deserve a space to have less pain, regardless of your commitment level.”

Listen to Dana’s Episode Now

We’re grateful for Dana’s time and expertise, and for the illuminating conversations we had with our host Dr. Malasri Chaudhery-Malgeri and co-host Amanda Uphoff, Recovery.com’s Chief of Staff and a woman in recovery from an eating disorder and alcohol use disorder. 
You can find Dana’s episode here!

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What Are Eating Disorders? Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Eating disorders are illnesses defined by disturbances in eating patterns1 and food intake. They also include a preoccupation with body image, calories, and weight. People of any age, sex, gender, and background can develop an eating disorder. Someone with an eating disorder (also called ED) may avoid certain foods or restrict their diet, exercise excessively, use laxatives, or vomit after eating. 

Eating disorders are often an expression of the emotional pains in conditions like depression, trauma, and anxiety. Someone may develop an ED as a way to punish or gain control over themselves. Eating disorders can also develop due to genetic predispositions and social factors. Someone with an ED runs a higher risk of physical health complications, mental health decline, death, and suicide. 

A blend of therapy, weight restoration, and nutritional counseling can not only treat symptoms of an eating disorder, but heal its underlying causes for life-long recovery.

Listen to our podcast to learn more about eating disorder and addiction recovery from Recovery.com’s Chief of Staff, Amanda Uphoff. 

What Are The Causes of Eating Disorders?

Multiple factors can cause eating disorders1, including genetic predispositions, peer influence, mental health conditions, and bullying. Behaviors and personality dispositions can also lead to an eating disorder and affect what types of eating disorders may develop.

Types of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders take many forms, from restricting diets, purging, and a blend of both. Healing exists for each kind of eating disorder and its potential health complications.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa causes someone to restrict their food intake2, exercise compulsively, and intensely fear weight gain. Someone with anorexia will often have a distorted body image, leading them to feel constantly overweight and in a pursuit of thinness. Anorexia has a very high mortality rate compared to other mental illnesses due to the health effects of emaciation (extreme thinness) and risk for suicide.

Anorexia is more common in females2 and occurs most often in adolescence or early adulthood. Someone with anorexia often won’t recognize their low weight, which can make it difficult for them to understand the severity of their condition and agree to treatment. As they progressively lose weight, severe health complications and other symptoms can arise, including:

  • Feeling cold all the time
  • Irregular periods or no periods at all, which can lead to infertility
  • Constipation
  • Tiredness and fatigue
  • Low and irregular heart rate
  • Shallow breathing or feeling out of breath
  • Dry skin and brittle nails
  • Bone thinning
  • Organ failure
  • Heart and brain damage

Co-occurring conditions like depression and anxiety often contribute to the development of anorexia2, as does growing up overweight, having parents or blood relatives with anorexia, and being body shamed by peers or loved ones. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for people with anorexia1, following death from health complications caused by undereating and excessive exercise.

Early intervention, weight restoration, and therapy can reverse the effects of anorexia and teach the coping tools needed for long-term recovery, helping patients navigate day-to-day stressors and heal their relationships with food—and themselves.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is defined as a pattern of binge eating and purging3. Binge eating involves eating large meals or many high-calorie foods in one sitting, often with the inability to stop. Purging is used to compensate for the binge and prevent weight gain. Someone may purge through self-induced vomiting, using laxatives, excessive exercise, or fasting. Binge-purging can quickly become a self-feeding cycle.

Bulimia nervosa occurs most commonly in young women1. It can develop due to brain abnormalities, social influence, and mental health conditions. Bulimia can lead to weight loss and symptoms like:

  • Irregular periods
  • Throat and mouth pain from the stomach acid in vomit
  • Tooth damage and erosion, also from stomach acid
  • Stomach pain and bloating
  • Fatigue
  • Dehydration from purging
  • Imbalanced electrolytes

Unlike anorexia, someone with bulimia may not appear underweight; they can even look overweight. That’s why clinical evaluations and examinations are important for diagnosis and treatment of bulimia. A doctor will check their patient’s vital signs, ask questions related to binge or purging behaviors, and check for inflammation in the mouth and throat to diagnose bulimia nervosa and start treatment.

Therapy can address the underlying causes of bulimia and teach skills to manage binge-eating, while weight restoration and nutritional care can improve physical health.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Someone with binge-eating disorder will binge on food, but not purge afterwards1. Binge-eating often includes a lack of control and inability to stop eating, which can cause someone to eat large meals. They may feel sick after binging and gain weight over time, potentially becoming obese. 

Binge-eating disorder can affect men and women of all ages. It can lead to extreme weight gain, shame, and secretive habits to conceal binging behaviors. Other symptoms include:

  • Eating very quickly
  • Eating despite feeling full or not hungry
  • Stomach pain due to overeating
  • Eating alone or in a secret location to hide eating habits
  • Lying about eating habits
  • Frequent dieting to try to control weight gain
  • Bloating

Therapy can help someone with binge-eating disorder learn to control binging and find comfort in other activities. Personalized eating plans and exercise regimes can also reduce weight at a safe, comfortable pace.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

ARFID causes avoidant or restrictive eating habits4. Someone with ARFID may avoid certain food groups, like carbs, or specific foods, like ice cream. They may also restrict their eating and not meet their required calorie intake. ARFID differs from other eating disorders in that body image and fear of weight gain don’t contribute to food habits; rather, someone may avoid or restrict food simply because they don’t like it.

ARFID was commonly thought of as a childhood disorder, like a more severe version of picky eating. But physicians saw adults experiencing symptoms too, and moved to shift the diagnosis to both children and adults. 

Symptoms of ARFID include:

  • Avoiding food groups or types of food suddenly and dramatically
  • Eating much less than usual
  • Eating fewer and fewer foods because they no longer sound appetizing
  • Weight loss
  • Reduced interest in food and meal times
  • Low/no appetite
  • Stomach and digestive problems

Treatment for ARFID often includes therapy to work through food avoidance and identify foods someone will enjoy eating. Weight restoration and nutritional care may be needed, but not always. 

Other Specified Eating or Feeding Disorder (OSFED) and Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED)

You can think of OSFED as a mix of eating disorder symptoms5 that don’t fall under anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder. A patient with this diagnosis may partially meet the requirement for one or more ED diagnoses. OSFED recognizes disordered behaviors and negative relationships with food as a hindrance on daily living, mental health, and physical health.

Similarly, UFED encapsulates eating disorder behaviors and symptoms that may not have a distinct classification. Some scholars and physicians debate the helpfulness of UFED and OSFED5, and instead suggest a singular term of ‘mixed eating disorders’. This term could offer more clarification for those diagnosed with it.

The symptoms of OSFED and UFED can vary widely, but typically include:

  • Restrictive diets; not eating certain foods
  • Purging behaviors (vomiting, excessive exercise, using laxatives)
  • An obsession with size and weight
  • Body dysmorphia

Therapy and possible weight restoration can help someone with OSFED or UFED heal short and long-term.

Pica

Pica is defined as eating non-food items or substances6, like mud or chalk. To diagnose, the person must be older than 2 and eating non-foods outside of cultural or societal norms. Pica can accompany disorders like schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or trichotillomania (compulsively pulling out hair). It commonly occurs in intellectually impaired patients, children, and pregnant women. One study found 28% of pregnant women experienced pica6 during their pregnancy. 

Pica doesn’t have a direct cause6, though it’s been theorized that iron and zinc deficiencies can cause cravings for non-foods7. Pica can also be fueled by curiosity—most people may wonder about eating non-foods or want to, but they realize they shouldn’t. Intellectually impaired people and children may lack this reasoning and eat non-foods regularly. Children may also resort to non-foods to survive in neglectful or abusive environments.

Common pica ‘foods’ include:

  • Dirt and clay
  • Ice
  • Charcoal
  • Coffee grounds
  • Eggshells
  • Paper
  • Flaking paint (which can lead to lead poisoning)
  • Rocks, bricks, and cement
  • Plastic (plastic bags, containers, chunks)

Rumination

Rumination syndrome describes habitually regurgitating food8 and swallowing it or spitting it out. It usually happens 10-15 minutes after eating and can last up to two hours. Unintentional stomach and diaphragm tension can cause regurgitation. It happens without nausea and retching, but can cause stomach pain. Once someone learns how to do it, it can become habitual, like burping.

Symptoms of rumination syndrome include:

  • Weight loss
  • Malnutrition
  • Teeth erosion
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Abdominal pain

Rumination can co-occur with conditions like depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It can be a symptom of an eating disorder or occur alongside one. Treatment often includes breathing exercises to relax the diaphragm, behavioral therapies, and other relaxation methods to practice after meals. Staying relaxed can prevent the over-tightening of the stomach and diaphragm that allows rumination.

Treatment for Eating Disorders

Eating disorder treatment1 often includes a blend of behavioral therapies, nutritional counseling, medically supervised weight restoration, and medications. Treatment aims to address the ED’s symptoms and underlying causes, like anxiety, stress, depression, or trauma. Therapists work in 1:1, group, and family settings to help patients heal their relationship with food, navigate co-occurring conditions, and develop a relapse prevention plan.

Behavioral Therapies for Eating Disorders

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for eating disorders1 addresses binging, purging, and restrictive behaviors. It teaches coping tools and helps patients identify and change untrue beliefs about food, their body, and self-image.

Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) helps in similar ways, but focuses more on accepting thoughts and emotions and living with their potential discomfort—without restricting, binging, or purging. It centers on mindfulness, helping patients experience emotions without trying to change or limit them.

Behavioral therapies often occur alongside medications (like antidepressants or antipsychotics), medical care, and nutritional counseling.

Medical Care and Monitoring

Medical care may take place in an inpatient or outpatient setting, depending on each patient’s presentation and how underweight they may be. Weight restoration aims to safely restore weight until patients reach a healthy base weight. It focuses on physical health and safety, but restoring weight can also restore cognitive functioning.

Weight restoration9 can be done via feeding tube, nutritional supplements, and meal monitoring to ensure patients eat full meals. Other medical services may include heart monitoring, medications, and potential life-saving measures in the case of heart failure or other organ failures.

In an inpatient setting, patients receive 24/7 care and monitoring. This may be necessary for severely underweight patients and/or those who refuse to eat due to an eating disorder. Nurses and clinical staff monitor vital signs and track weight. In an outpatient setting, care and monitoring may be available, but not 24/7. This can fit the needs of someone at a stable weight, but needing ongoing therapeutic care and monitoring.

Nutritional Counseling

In nutritional counseling, a certified nutrition counselor assesses current eating habits10 and identifies dietary changes. They help create meal plans, educate on the importance and effects of good nutrition, and help patients with eating disorders change how they view food. For example, they may explain the benefits of feared food groups and “fear foods” to lower the fear and negative associations someone may have.

Nutritional counseling can disprove untrue beliefs or fears about food and help patients feel more comfortable eating new/more foods, complementing behavioral therapies and  weight restoration.

What to Expect When Seeking Treatment

What happens when you seek treatment for an eating disorder? It varies for everyone, but you can expect your appointments with therapists and medical providers to follow general structures.

Medical Providers

You’ll typically meet with your primary care physician (PCP) first to start the treatment process, then see specialists at their referral. In this initial appointment, you and your doctor will discuss what you’ve been experiencing and struggling with. Based on your discussion, you can ask questions like:

  • Do my symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder?
  • What treatment do you recommend?
  • What level of care do you recommend for my symptoms and their effect on my life?
  • What can I do to take care of myself at home?
  • Will I be put on medication? Which one, and what are its side effects?

Your doctor will likely provide physical evaluations, checking your mouth, throat, stomach, and your heart rate, among other vital signs. These evaluations can reveal and confirm health concerns, potentially leading to additional lab testing or other functional tests. Your doctor will use the results of their evaluations to determine the best next steps for you.

At the end of your appointment, you’ll likely leave with referrals to specialists, therapists, or a plan to start intensive care in an inpatient or outpatient setting. In severe cases, a PCP may send you directly to an emergency room.

Therapists

Your first therapy session for eating disorder recovery often covers your history with eating disorders and general information about yourself. You’ll talk about what brought you into treatment, and depending on how much time you have, you may take assessments to help your therapist better understand your mental state and personality. Future sessions cover current and past issues more in depth, focusing on the thoughts and beliefs behind eating disorders, identifying triggers, and learning coping tools.

Overall, think of your first session as your therapist getting to know you, and you feeling comfortable with them. If you don’t find the right therapist on your first try, that’s okay. You’re encouraged to connect with new therapists if your current one doesn’t feel like the right fit. 

Lifestyle Strategies and Habits to Manage Eating Disorders

Lifestyle changes and new habits can help manage eating disorders. Remember to seek professional treatment as your first step in recovery, using new habits and lifestyle changes to complement your recovery and form your relapse prevention plan. 

Prioritize Good Sleep

Good sleep can help your mind and body work their best. This benefits your recovery and well-being as a whole. Try these tips to improve how long you sleep and your sleep quality:

  1. Create a nighttime routine that you enjoy and look forward to—purposefully wind down and prepare for sleep the same way each night to train your brain.
  2. Make sure your bedroom is a calm space focused on sleep. Don’t use it to work, eat, or scroll social media.
  3. Dim your lights an hour or longer before bed to trigger your natural circadian rhythm and make you feel sleepier.
  4. Get sunlight in the morning and evening, ideally the sunrise and sunset. You could take morning and evening walks, or sit outside on your porch to view and feel the sun. This can regulate your circadian rhythm.

Practice Stress-Reduction Strategies

Effective stress reduction strategies can vary person-to-person. You can identify what works for you in therapy, or you may already know from past experience. Keep one or two methods in mind to use as-needed, or work some of these examples into your weekly schedule: 

  • Drawing
  • Meditation
  • Talking to a friend or loved one
  • Journaling
  • Baking or cooking
  • Knitting, crocheting, or sewing
  • Taking a walk
  • Spending time in nature

Build and Connect With Support

Connect often with your support network as you undergo treatment, walk your recovery path, and live in long-term recovery. Your support network could include family, friends, and people at your work or place of worship. Keep them up-to-date on your treatment journey and how they can support you.

Friends and family can offer their support and keep you accountable. For example, they may catch or point out potential behaviors you’ve reverted back to, or new habits that could lead to an ED recurrence. 

Find Eating Disorder Treatment

Treatment for all types of eating disorders is an essential start in recovery. A personalized blend of therapy, nutritional counseling, and medical care can restore physical health and heal underlying causes and conditions. You can hear a first-account story of eating disorder recovery by listening to the episode with Amanda Uphoff on Recovery.com’s podcast.

To find eating disorder treatment, you can browse our list of treatment providers and compare services, pricing, and reviews to find the best center for your or a loved one’s needs. 

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Journey to Equilibrium: Expert Strategies and Daily Practices for Mental Health and Eating Disorder Recovery

In the backdrop of our bustling, high-stakes world, the tapestry of mental wellness has become a cornerstone thread in the weave of a balanced life. With ceaseless demands tugging at our attention and energy, the journey to mental health can often feel like a labyrinth where serenity is but a whisper heard faintly in the distance. As we traverse through the thicket of stress, anxiety, depression, and a myriad of psychological hurdles, the yearning for practical and accessible strategies to shore up our mental ramparts is palpable.

Recovering from an eating disorder is a voyage that navigates the turbulent waters of physical health, emotional well-being, and psychological resilience. For those charting this path, the significance of daily habits, tailored advice for mental health challenges, and tactics for bolstering emotional resilience cannot be underscored enough.

Cultivating Daily Habits for Mental Well-being

“Daily habits are the tender threads that weave the tapestry of mental wellness; practice them with intention, and you’ll craft a resilient, joyous life.”

Dr. Mala

A cornerstone of recovery is establishing a set of nourishing daily habits that promote mental health. Consistency is key. It’s essential to build a routine embedded with self-care practices that foster a positive relationship with food and body image. Mindful eating techniques, which encourage a focused and appreciative approach to meals, can be particularly helpful. Additionally, integrating gentle physical activities, such as yoga or walking, can improve body awareness and provide a sense of grounding. 

5 Guiding Tips to Develop Your Own Daily Habits

  1. Establish a Morning Routine: Begin each day with a consistent set of activities that promote calm and set a positive tone. This might include meditation, deep breathing exercises, or writing in a gratitude journal to cultivate mindfulness and set intentions for the day ahead.
  2. Mindful Eating Rituals: Create a peaceful environment for meals, free from distractions like screens or intense conversations. Focus on the flavors, textures, and smells of your food, and listen to your body’s hunger and fullness cues to develop a harmonious relationship with eating.
  3. Daily Movement: Incorporate movement that feels nurturing and enjoyable, rather than punitive. This might be a morning stretch, a midday walk, or an evening yoga session. Choose activities that you look forward to and that foster a connection with your body in a positive way.
  4. Scheduled Self-Reflection: Allocate time each day for personal reflection, which can include journaling, practicing self-compassion affirmations, or engaging in a hobby that brings joy and allows for self-expression, which provides a creative outlet and a break from daily stressors.
  5. Evening Wind-Down: Create a nighttime routine that signals to your body it’s time to rest. This may involve dimming lights, turning off electronic devices an hour before bed, reading, or practicing a relaxation technique to ensure adequate rest and recovery, essential for mental well-being.

Seeking Community and Professional Support

Recovery is rarely linear, and those on this journey often grapple with anxiety, depression, and obsessive thoughts related to food and body image. Mental health experts emphasize the importance of developing coping mechanisms to manage these difficulties. Cognitive-behavioral strategies can be effective in identifying and altering distorted thought patterns. Engaging in activities that promote a sense of achievement and self-compassion, like creative arts or volunteering, can also uplift mood and self-esteem.

Regular consultation with a therapist who specializes in eating disorders can offer personalized strategies and supportive recovery roadmaps. Furthermore, joining support groups can offer solace and solidarity, providing a community that understands and shares the complexities of this experience.

Building Emotional Resilience Amidst Recovery

“The journey to resilience is both delicate and bold; in the tender act of journaling and the quiet power of gratitude, one finds the stepping stones to emerging stronger from the struggle.”

Dr. Mala

Resilience is a dynamic process of adaptation. It’s about bouncing back from setbacks and growing stronger from the struggle. For individuals recovering from an eating disorder, building resilience is about embracing vulnerability and the courage to seek help. 

Building emotional resilience is a cornerstone in the journey of recovery from an eating disorder—an odyssey marked not just by the struggle to heal physically, but to find and foster inner strength. This resilience isn’t built overnight; it’s a skill honed through continuous effort and an open-hearted willingness to confront one’s own vulnerabilities. It requires the bravery to acknowledge the need for help and the humble acceptance of support. 

Personalizing Your Journaling Practice: Making it a Habit You’ll Stick To

For many, journaling has emerged as a powerful ally in the quest of recovery. By putting pen to paper, individuals navigating the complexities of an eating disorder can dissect their thoughts, celebrating triumphs and parsing tribulations with equal candor, turning self-reflection into a stepping stone towards recovery. Keep these tips in mind to enhance the experience:

  1. Choose Your Medium Wisely: Some people prefer the tangibility of pen and paper, while others might find a digital journal more convenient. Select a journaling method that feels most natural to you and fits your lifestyle.
  2. Set Realistic Expectations: You don’t have to journal every day or write pages upon pages unless that works for you. Start with a few times a week, even if it’s just bullet points or quick reflections.
  3. Create a Comforting Space: Establish a cozy spot for your journaling – a place that makes you feel relaxed and at ease. Whether it’s a quiet corner with a favorite chair or a spot in your garden, make it an inviting place that you look forward to spending time in.
  4. Ditch Perfectionism: Your journal is a no-judgment zone. It doesn’t need to have perfect grammar or profound insights every time you write. It’s a space for your true thoughts and feelings, unfiltered and unedited.
  5. Incorporate Prompts: If you’re not sure what to write about, use journal prompts to get the words flowing. These can be as simple as “What am I grateful for today?” or more in-depth, like “What challenge did I overcome this week, and how did I do it?”
  6. Make it a Ritual: Pair your journaling with a habit you already have; like your morning coffee or winding down before bed. This can help journaling become a natural part of your routine.
  7. Reflect and Review: Occasionally look back on past entries. This can offer valuable insights into your growth and remind you of past challenges you’ve overcome, reinforcing the benefit of your ongoing practice.

Remember, the key to journaling is making it a personal and meaningful activity that you genuinely enjoy, leading to a deeper commitment to the practice.

Embracing Gratitude: The Transformative Power of a Thankful Practice

Practicing gratitude serves as an antidote to the consuming nature of an eating disorder, as it gently coaxes the mind away from the cacophony of negative self-talk and toward the melody of positivity. Gratitude encourages an individual to acknowledge the beauty in the mundane, the growth in the pain, and the courage in their own story. Coupled with the vital practice of goal-setting, individuals recovering from eating disorders can find structure and motivation in an otherwise daunting process. Each goal achieved, no matter the size, is a triumph—an affirmation that they are moving forward. Such practices do more than just nurture resilience; they stoke the embers of hope, reminding those on the path to recovery that every day is an opportunity for progress, and every small victory is a celebration of  inner strength. 

5 Tips to Incorporate Gratitude Into Your Daily Living

  1. Start Your Day with Gratitude: Begin each morning by mentally acknowledging three things you’re grateful for. This could range from appreciating a good night’s sleep, the comfort of your bed, or the sunrise that greets you. Cultivating a mindset of gratitude at the start of your day can set a positive tone for the hours ahead.
  2. Gratitude Reminders: Place sticky notes with written affirmations or objects that symbolize gratitude in locations where you’ll see them throughout the day, like on your bathroom mirror, your desk, or the fridge. These visual cues can serve as prompts to pause and reflect on what’s good in life.
  3. Grateful Reflections at Mealtime: Use mealtime as a trigger to think about what you’re thankful for. Before you eat, take a moment to express gratitude for the food, the hands that prepared it, and the company you share, if applicable. Connecting gratitude with a daily activity ensures regular practice.
  4. Gratitude Journal During Downtime: Keep a gratitude journal and make it a habit to write in it during your downtime. Even if it’s just five minutes before bed, jot down a few things that you were grateful for that day. Writing reinforces the feelings associated with the things you’re thankful for and can improve your overall sense of well-being.
  5. Express Gratitude to Others: Make it a point to express your appreciation to at least one person each day, whether it’s a family member, a friend, or a coworker. A simple “thank you,” a note, an email, or a quick call can not only brighten someone else’s day but also strengthen your own feelings of gratitude.

Incorporating these practices into your daily life can create a ripple effect, enhancing not only your outlook but also positively impacting those around you. Gratitude is more than just a feeling; it’s an approach to life that can profoundly shift your perspective and improve your mental and emotional health.

Beyond the Individual: The Role of Community in Eating Disorder Recovery

“In the orchestration of recovery, the individual is the soloist, but it is the harmonious support of friends and family that forms the symphony of healing.”

– Dr. Mala

The road to recovery from an eating disorder is a journey that is seldom walked alone. While personal determination and resilience play critical roles, an individual’s environment is an essential piece of the healing puzzle. Recognizing the importance of a supportive network is crucial, and education for friends and family is a linchpin in constructing a recovery-friendly community.

Understanding the Journey Together

Eating disorders are complex, with deep psychological roots manifesting in behaviors that can be both physically damaging and emotionally draining. For those on the outside looking in, understanding these complexities is often challenging. Misconceptions and stereotypes about eating disorders can inadvertently lead to stigmatization, isolation, or even worsening of the issue for the sufferer.

It is imperative, then, for those in the immediate circle of an individual with an eating disorder to embark on a learning journey of their own. This means delving into the whys and hows of eating disorders—grasping the triggers, recognizing the signs of distress, and comprehending the inner turmoil that sufferers may experience. It’s about building a foundation of knowledge from which empathy can grow.

Educational Interventions and Open Dialogues

Family-oriented educational interventions are impactful. These might include structured workshops, family therapy sessions, or informational meetings with healthcare professionals specializing in eating disorders. Such initiatives encourage open, honest dialogues and equip family members and friends with strategies to provide the right support at the right time.

The focus of these educational efforts should be to nurture a nonjudgmental, empathetic stance, creating a safe space for the individual to share their thoughts and feelings without fear of reproach. It’s also about fostering a constructive environment that can reduce the burden of shame often associated with these disorders.

Collective Strength in Support

Eating disorder recovery can sometimes mean re-learning how to have a healthy relationship with food, body image, and self-perception. Here, the constant reinforcement from a knowledgeable support system can make all the difference. Loved ones can reinforce positive behavior, lend a compassionate ear, and offer the much-needed encouragement that recovery is indeed possible and within reach.

Through an informed, collective approach, friends and family become invaluable allies in the ongoing fight against eating disorders. They evolve into advocates who understand the importance of patience, celebrate small milestones, and remind their loved one of the light at the end of the tunnel when days are dark.