Tag: Marijuana

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Gabbie Egan’s Journey Through Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol and Marijuana Addiction Recovery

Gabbie Egan’s story is a powerful and candid exploration of the interconnectedness of mental health and substance use. Her journey, marked by early exposure to drugs and alcohol, a teenage pregnancy, and an eventual diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, offers a deeply personal insight into the complexities of recovery. Gabbie’s unflinching honesty about her struggles and triumphs serves as a beacon of hope, demonstrating that even through multiple setbacks, sustained effort can lead to profound healing and self-acceptance.

The Early Seeds of Struggle: Childhood and Adolescent Experiences

Gabbie’s introduction to substance use began at a remarkably young age, rooted in a combination of environmental factors and personal vulnerabilities. Growing up in a part of North Carolina with limited recreational outlets, drug and alcohol use became a prevalent coping mechanism among her peers. “I’m from a part of North Carolina where it’s like there’s nothing to do,” Gabbie recounts, “And so the only thing that people are really doing to keep themselves occupied is like getting messed up.”

Her home environment, while loving, also contributed to a sense of unmonitored freedom. With parents deeply engrossed in their careers, Gabbie, an only child, was often left to her “own devices.” This lack of direct parental supervision, combined with a pre-existing sadness, created fertile ground for experimentation. She began with cough medicine in sixth grade, quickly escalating to marijuana and prescription pills like Vicodin by the age of 11 or 12. This early exposure to various substances at such a formative age significantly shaped her developing brain and laid the groundwork for future struggles.

Beyond the external influences, Gabbie also grappled with internal battles. She describes herself as “a very sad kid” who experienced bullying and felt she never truly fit in. Her expulsion from Christian school in sixth grade after piercing her belly button further isolated her and plunged her into an environment where she was “in a pretty low place ever since I was a child.” Her mother, a loving but misguided figure, dismissed her emotional struggles, attributing them to a lack of gratitude or a “made-up” mental illness. This invalidation of her feelings compounded Gabbie’s internal turmoil and prevented her from seeking the help she desperately needed. As Gabbie poignantly shares, “My mom doesn’t believe in mental illness. And so that’s tough because then, yeah.”

The Unveiling of Bipolar Disorder: A Diagnosis and a Family Legacy

The first hint of Gabbie’s underlying mental health condition emerged at 16, following a severe alcohol-related incident. After blacking out and requiring a stomach pump, she was court-ordered to see a mental health specialist. It was during this session that a therapist suggested she might have bipolar I disorder. The therapist explained that bipolar I is characterized by “high highs of extreme mania and then extremely low lows that last and extended like a certain amount of time.” This explanation deeply resonated with Gabbie, as it accurately described her volatile emotional landscape. “I’m either extremely low, like, you know, on the verge of like wanting to literally end my life or, um, you know, extremely high thinking, I am Jesus, you know?” she candidly admits.

Despite this crucial insight, her mother’s continued denial of mental illness led Gabbie to dismiss the diagnosis at the time. “My mom’s like, this is just how they get you in the system. They’re trying to medicate you,” Gabbie recalls. This dismissal, coupled with a lack of proper follow-up, meant that Gabbie continued to navigate her life unmedicated and without professional support for her burgeoning mental health challenges.

Years later, a more definitive diagnosis of bipolar I disorder would come after another significant incident in Las Vegas. During what she believes was a manic episode, Gabbie experienced a blackout and woke up in jail in a straightjacket, unable to recall the events that led her there. This terrifying experience, combined with the intense public scrutiny and hate she received online, propelled her to seek help on her own terms. It was through this process that she received an official diagnosis and began to truly understand the nature of her condition.

This second, undeniable encounter with her diagnosis allowed her to confront the reality of her mental health, a reality her grandmother had hinted at, revealing a family history of untreated mental illness. “I had went to my grandmother, who I’m really close with, and I had told her and she said, I think that that’s what my mom had,” Gabbie shares, adding, “My grandmother’s mom actually ended up jumping off of a bridge or off of a building in France when she was growing up and committed suicide because she had so many untreated mental health conditions.” This generational understanding provided a crucial piece of the puzzle, helping Gabbie contextualize her own struggles and recognize that her experiences were not merely “crazy” but rooted in a legitimate medical condition.

Explore bipolar disorder treatment options.

The Intertwined Paths of Substance Use and Mental Health

Gabbie’s narrative vividly illustrates the intricate relationship between substance use and mental health. Her early experimentation with drugs and alcohol served as a form of self-medication for her untreated depression and the chaotic emotional swings of undiagnosed bipolar disorder. The substances provided a temporary escape from the pain, isolation, and overwhelming feelings she couldn’t articulate or understand.

Her pregnancy at 13, giving birth just before turning 14, further intensified her struggles. As a teen mom, Gabbie faced immense pressure and isolation. She juggled high school, childcare, and the emotional burden of being an outcast among her peers. While she excelled as a mother to her son, other aspects of her life crumbled. “Everything else in my life would be completely falling apart. And every aspect. I was a horrible friend. I was a horrible partner. I was a horrible daughter to my parents. Just ’cause I was just like so just like in the trenches, but I was a great mom to my son,” she reflects.

During periods when her son was with his grandparents, Gabbie would resort to heavy drinking, often to the point of blacking out. These episodes were a desperate attempt to cope with the immense emotional distress and the deep void she felt. The incident at 16, where she was found unconscious and her stomach pumped, was a direct consequence of this self-destructive pattern.

Even joining the military at 17, an attempt to “fix” herself, didn’t provide the escape she hoped for. “Substance abuse just followed me into the military,” she admits. Her ability to function, even at the height of her addiction, is a testament to the high-functioning nature often seen in individuals with underlying mental health conditions. She graduated high school a year early, maintaining her academic responsibilities while engaging in significant substance abuse. “People don’t think that you can be functioning, but you can, you can do everything that you’re supposed to be doing and you can show up in every single way,” Gabbie emphasizes, recounting how she would complete school papers while “tripping balls” on acid. This period underscores the dangerous dance between her mental health challenges and her substance use, where each exacerbated the other, creating a vicious cycle.

Navigating Mania and Depression: The Bipolar Experience

Gabbie’s account of living with bipolar I disorder provides a raw and honest glimpse into the extremes of the condition. She describes her manic episodes as periods of intense energy and productivity, often accompanied by a feeling of invincibility. “I have all these ideas and I’m just like, I can stay up for days straight working on a project, a new project, a new business idea, a new something,” she explains. However, these highs are often accompanied by erratic and risky behaviors, including her two arrests, which she believes occurred during manic states. “The things that I have gotten myself into when I feel like I’m the hottest shit. I mean, I’ve gone to jail two times and I, I do believe that both of the times that I went to jail, I was like in a manic episode,” she reveals. During these manic phases, sleep becomes minimal or nonexistent, and she often reaches a state of “blackout” where she has no recollection of her actions.

The crash that follows these manic highs is equally debilitating. Gabbie describes it as a complete physical and emotional collapse, leaving her “completely debilitated.” The overwhelming feeling of paralysis, the inability to move forward with the projects started during mania, is a common experience for individuals with bipolar disorder. “It’s like now I’m halfway through all these projects and I have no energy for anything anymore, and I can’t do anything. And I just feel stuck,” she articulates, likening it to ADHD paralysis where the sheer volume of tasks leads to an inability to start any of them.

Gabbie’s journey with medication also highlights the complexities of treatment for bipolar disorder. While acknowledging that medication is beneficial for many, she shares her personal struggles with various prescriptions like Seroquel and Abilify. These medications, while addressing some symptoms, often left her feeling “like I wasn’t even human anymore,” turning her into a “zombie” or making her feel “boring.” This experience underscores the importance of individualized treatment plans and the ongoing search for the right balance between managing symptoms and maintaining a sense of self.

The Path to Recovery: Resilience, Acceptance, and Self-Worth

Despite the numerous setbacks and deep troughs of despair, Gabbie’s story is ultimately one of remarkable resilience and a profound journey toward self-acceptance. Her early and repeated failures in attempts at sobriety ultimately paved the way for a lasting recovery. “It doesn’t matter how many times you’re trying to recover, as long as you’re putting in the effort one day, it will stick if you really want it,” she advises, a testament to her own experience. She has learned to reframe failures not as endpoints, but as integral parts of her process, emphasizing that “you can fail a million times and still try again.”

Gabbie’s recovery extends beyond sobriety; it encompasses a deeper understanding and management of her bipolar disorder. She has learned to recognize the onset of her manic and depressive episodes, developing coping mechanisms to navigate them. This self-awareness allows her to mitigate the impact of the extreme highs and lows, recognizing when she needs to slow down or when she needs to push through the paralysis of depression by taking small, actionable steps.

Crucially, Gabbie has learned to distinguish between understanding her diagnosis and using it as an excuse for harmful behavior. While acknowledging that bipolar disorder explains certain aspects of her actions, she asserts, “it doesn’t excuse all my actions.” This mature perspective allows her to take accountability for her behavior while still working to manage her condition. She recognizes that the goal is not to eliminate the “crazy” but to “learn to manage that rather than make excuses for that.”

Today, Gabbie is a recovery advocate who openly shares her story, creating a space for others to find solace and understanding. She is a testament to the power of authentic vulnerability, demonstrating that healing is not about becoming a perfect version of oneself, but about embracing all facets of one’s experience. Her journey of “coming undone and rebuild[ing], to tell the truth out loud, and to never let go of your own becoming” serves as a powerful inspiration for anyone navigating the complexities of mental health and addiction recovery. Her story emphasizes that true recovery is a continuous process of learning, adapting, and ultimately, loving the person you are becoming, flaws and all.

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What is Recreational Drug Use? Risks, Signs, and Responsible Choices

Using a drug recreationally means it’s used for non-medical reasons—primarily to enjoy its effects. Many people use alcohol recreationally and substances like marijuana or cocaine. Caffeine, too. 

Dabbling in substance use doesn’t always lead to addiction, but it can; along with other health risks and consequences. Fully understanding the risks can help you make responsible, healthier choices when it comes to recreational drugs.

Types of Recreational Drugs

Recreational drugs aren’t a certain class of substances; rather, a drug used to recreate or better enjoy an experience. For example, having alcohol at a party, ecstasy at a rave, or a cigarette with a cup of coffee.

Recreational drugs may be used non-recreationally, too. Someone may drink alcohol because they’ve developed an addiction and need the substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms, not to enjoy it. Someone may also smoke marijuana for medicinal reasons, like pain management, rather than to enjoy the high.

All sorts of drugs can have recreational purposes, but these are some of the most common.

Marijuana

Marijuana has medicinal and recreational uses. When used recreationally, marijuana causes a sense of relaxation and disconnection that some people leverage to soothe stress or connect more fully with peers. It also has use as a medical pain reliever and relaxant that doctors may prescribe at set doses.

Marijuana, typically called weed, has become legal in some American states. Most states haven’t legalized it, but that doesn’t keep people from obtaining and taking the substance. Regular use can lead to addiction and adverse health effects. 

Cocaine

Cocaine is a stimulant1 popularized as a recreational drug by how it’s portrayed in media. For example, movies or shows about raucous executives or wealthy celebrities often include cocaine use in party scenes. People in real life, tycoons or not, may use cocaine for similar reasons. 

Recreational use can spin into an addiction, legal consequences, negative health effects, and damage to relationships and finances.

Ecstasy

Ecstasy, often called Molly, is a synthetic stimulant with psychedelic properties2. Taking it releases endorphins and slightly alters the reality around you, creating a “trippy” experience that makes it a popular recreational drug at raves with loud music and flashing lights. Its association with these settings marks it as one of the more prominent recreational drugs.

Alcohol

You can easily find alcohol at most social gatherings and events—recreation is often the sole purpose of drinking it (until it becomes an addiction, and someone needs to drink regularly to function.)

Alcohol releases dopamine3, giving it a feel-good effect. It also lowers inhibitions, making people feel more talkative, fun, and primed to enjoy social events better. Drinking alcohol also serves as a way to connect with others; for example, your group of friends may want to celebrate with their favorite drinks or try challenges involving alcohol. 

Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens include drugs like LSD and psilocybin. Many psychedelics with hallucinatory effects come from plants and fungi; or, they may be synthetically based. People often use hallucinogens to have a spiritual experience or to disconnect from reality. They may do it alone or with others.

Differences Between Recreational and Medicinal Drug Use

Purpose and Intent

Why you use a drug can determine if the use is recreational or medicinal. Ask yourself questions like these:

  • Am I taking this to “fix” something negative I’m feeling?
  • Am I following the prescription guidelines, or only taking this when I want the effects?
  • Do I only take this drug when I’m at parties or other social events, to make the event “more fun”?

If you’re taking a medication because you’ve been prescribed it, and taking it as prescribed, the use of the drug likely isn’t recreational—this would be medicinal. 

If you’re taking a drug or medication to enjoy its effects or to boost your sense of well-being at-will, the use follows recreational patterns.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Using controlled substances for medicinal purposes, like taking opioids as prescribed for pain, doesn’t breach any laws. Taking controlled substances without a prescription does. Purchasing these illegal substances funds illegal practices, which often operate with little ethical guidelines—focusing on profit over safety.

Potential Dangers of Recreational Drug Use

Health Risks

Using recreational drugs can cause symptoms like:

  • Dehydration
  • Serotonin syndrome4
  • Overdose—stopped breathing, heart slowing dangerously
  • Mental discombobulation
  • Bloodshot eyes

Mental Health Impacts

Taking recreational drugs can trigger or worsen mental health conditions5 like anxiety and depression. The unpleasant side effects of substance use, combined with symptoms of a mental health condition, can perpetuate the cycle of use.

Risk of Addiction

Using drugs, even for recreation, opens up the risk for addiction. Regular use builds tolerance, which means you need a higher and higher dose to feel the same effects. Those higher doses can start changing the neurochemical balances and processes in your brain, making it crave the substance and struggle to function properly without it.

Signs of Drug Use and Intoxication

Physical Indicators

If you or someone else has used a recreational drug, you’ll likely notice physical signs like these.

  1. Red or bloodshot eyes—this is especially common after smoking marijuana.
  2. Discoordination when moving around.
  3. Sudden loss of appetite. Stimulants like cocaine can curb appetite and lead to rapid weight loss.

Behavioral Changes

Someone’s behavior also changes when they’re intoxicated. Recreational drugs, often stimulants, can bring about especially noticeable changes in behavior. Look for signs like:

  1. Seeming “out of it,” like they’re in a dream state and not aware of what’s going on around them.
  2. Acting secretive about their whereabouts and activities.
  3. Neglecting professional and personal responsibilities.
  4. Acting unusually erratic as a result of the drug raising their energy and lowering their inhibitions.

Psychological Signs

The better you know someone, the easier spotting psychological signs of drug use may be. Keep an eye out for indicators like:

  1. Abrupt mood swings, where they may seem down then extremely happy, or the opposite.
  2. Paranoia is a common symptom of taking recreational drugs like marijuana. They may feel like they’re being watched, or something’s out to get them.
  3. Cognitive impairment, meaning they’re suddenly struggling to articulate their thoughts, think clearly, or make sense of what’s going on around them.

When to Seek Help

Recognizing the Need for Intervention

Drinking every so often, or even using more ‘extreme’ recreational drugs sparingly, likely doesn’t pose a major problem for the person and their loved ones—though no amount of drugs used or frequency makes them safe, so stopping is always a good idea. Regular use comes with more pronounced issues that could require an intervention.

Behaviors indicating an addiction, like neglecting responsibilities to use substances, could warrant an intervention, as could signs of physical harm. Use your best judgment to determine if someone’s drug use causes harm to themselves or others, and plan an intervention accordingly.

Resources for Support

Fortunately, help for recreational drug use spans far and wide. Whether you’re looking to cut back on occasional use or recover from a painful addiction, help can help. Some of your many options for healing include:

  • Therapy, which you can attend in person or virtually.
  • Residential rehabs provide clinical and therapeutic care for recreational drug addiction, including detox when needed.
  • Outpatient programs like day treatment and intensive outpatient offer regular, structured care for drug addiction, but with the ability to maintain some personal and professional responsibilities.
  • Peer support groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or SMART Recovery meetings connect you with others in recovery.

Prevention Strategies

Education and Awareness

Knowing more about recreational drugs and what happens when using them can help people make informed decisions, and know what to do in times of need. Young adults can especially benefit from education and awareness on recreational drug use, as they’re likely to encounter these substances at parties and social events in college.

Colleges can boost their efforts on spreading awareness of the risks and dangers of recreational drug use, and make their support services better-known across campus. For example, many colleges have on-campus counseling services and medical services students may not know about.

Community Programs

Many local communities seek to educate and spread awareness through educational materials, support groups, and by presenting alternatives to recreational drug use. To find one of these programs, search online for drug prevention programs in your city or go to your community center to see what resources they offer.

Support Systems

Strong support systems serve as a preventative measure against drug use and addiction6. Those in your circle can help you identify harmful use, find and practice coping strategies, and support you if you need professional treatment.

Professional treatment providers, like doctors, therapists, and psychiatrists, can offer expert support for recovery through counseling, medical care, and helping you form a personalized care plan. With their support you can identify which practices may help you best, like traditional therapies or a blend of traditional and alternative approaches.

Legal Risks

Some recreational drugs are legal to use, but many aren’t. For example, having ecstasy, LSD, and marijuana (in some states) could incur criminal charges for possession. Criminal charges can lead to jail time and potentially prison. 

This creates a criminal record that can upend future jobs, housing opportunities, and more.

Societal Perceptions and Stigmas

Recreational drugs carry a harmful stigma that can attach to the user—mainly, that they’re irresponsible or prioritize a good time over their safety. For younger people and college students, this stigma might not exist among peers, when using recreational drugs is more commonly accepted. But this often changes as they age and mingle with professional peers.

Certain cultures and demographics may be particularly opposed to drug use of any sort, and any regularity.

Thankfully, the stigmas surrounding drug use and mental health conditions have begun to dissipate. Though the progress isn’t blazingly fast, it’s there—and getting better as more people share their experiences and messages of hope.

Getting Help: Drug Rehab for Recreational Drugs

Help for drug addiction comes in many shapes and sizes, catering to your unique circumstances with virtual treatment, in-person care, medical or non-medical care, and even rehabs on the other side of the globe. They take many different approaches to care; some use the 12 Steps, others may focus more on holistic methods. There’s an option for you and your preferences.
To find the treatment that’s best for you, you can use Recovery.com and filter your search by insurance, price, conditions, and more.

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Understanding the Long-Term Effects of Marijuana Use

As marijuana becomes more widely available through legalization, many people are looking for reliable information about its long-term effects. Long-term marijuana use means regular cannabis consumption over months or years, which can affect both your physical and mental health in significant ways. While some effects might be temporary, others can last longer, especially with frequent use. And while cannabis can offer medical benefits for certain conditions, it’s important to understand how it might impact your health over time.

Whether you use marijuana regularly, occasionally, or for medical reasons, understanding how it affects your body and mind over time can help you make better-informed decisions about your health.

What Is Marijuana Use?

Marijuana use means consuming cannabis, a plant that contains compounds that affect your mind and body. Its main active ingredient, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), interacts with your brain to affect how you think, feel, and perceive the world around you. People use marijuana in various ways, like smoking, vaping, or consuming edibles.

Short-Term Effects of Marijuana

When you use marijuana, you’ll feel it within minutes to hours, depending on how you consume it. Everyone’s experience is different, but these are its common immediate effects:

Changes in Your Senses and Emotions

  • Time seems to speed up or slow down
  • Colors appear brighter, or noises sound louder
  • You feel euphoric or relaxed
  • Your emotions might feel more intense

Physical Changes

  • Faster heartbeat
  • Red eyes
  • Dry mouth 
  • Feeling hungry (known as “the munchies”)
  • Feeling energized or sleepy

Changes in Thinking

  • Difficulty with short-term memory 
  • Finding it harder to focus on complex tasks
  • Losing your coordination
  • Thinking about things in new ways

It’s worth noting that not everyone enjoys these effects. Marijuana makes a lot of people feel anxious1 or uncomfortable—especially if they’re not used to it, or if they take more than they normally do.

What Happens When Marijuana Use Becomes Chronic?

Chronic marijuana use is daily or near-daily use that continues over months or years. The effects of chronic marijuana use vary from person to person, as people develop different patterns of use based on their individual needs and lifestyles. Some people use marijuana throughout the day or as part of their evening routine, like having a glass of wine with dinner. Others might save it for specific times or activities. Medical marijuana users often follow prescribed dosing schedules.2 

Your body’s response to marijuana changes with regular use. Your natural endocannabinoid system—which is what interacts with THC—gradually adapts to the frequent exposure. As this happens, you start to build tolerance, meaning you need more marijuana to get the same high. Many people also experience changes in their sleep and appetite patterns as their bodies adjust to regular use.

Unlike many other substances that clear from your system quickly, THC is stored in your body’s fat cells3 and released gradually over time. Because of this, it can take several weeks for your body to return to its baseline state after chronic use.

Physical Health Effects of Long-Term Marijuana Use

The health effects of marijuana can impact different bodily systems: 

Respiratory Issues

While people often believe it’s not as bad as cigarettes, the truth is that smoking marijuana can damage your lungs.4 If you smoke marijuana regularly, you might notice effects on your breathing over time. Research shows that about 1 in 4 long-term marijuana smokers experience respiratory symptoms:5

  • Chronic cough 
  • Regular mucus production
  • Wheezing
  • Episodes of bronchitis

Interestingly, these respiratory symptoms were similar whether people smoked just marijuana or just tobacco—one wasn’t necessarily better or worse than the other. Marijuana primarily affects the larger airways in the lungs, while tobacco has more impact on the smaller airways.

Choosing alternative ways to use marijuana (like switching from smoking to vaping or edibles) is one way to protect your lung health. 

Cardiovascular Impact

Marijuana temporarily affects your heart and blood vessels.6 During use, most people experience an increase in heart rate, and some notice changes in their blood pressure or feel their heart beat stronger. For most healthy people, these changes aren’t dangerous. But if you have a heart condition or are at risk for heart disease, it’s important to talk with your doctor about how marijuana might affect your cardiovascular health.

Immune System Implications

Studies show that long-term marijuana use might influence your immune system.7 Researchers warn, 

Cannabis use is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences that may involve almost every physiological and biochemical system including respiratory/pulmonary complications such as chronic cough and emphysema, impairment of immune function, and increased risk of acquiring or transmitting viral infections such as HIV, HCV, and others.

While we’re still learning about the long-term effects of marijuana on the immune system, we know that THC can affect how immune cells function. Regular use might make it slightly harder for your body to fight off certain infections. If your immune system is compromised, you should talk to your doctor about your marijuana use.

Brain and Cognitive Effects of Marijuana Use

It’s important to understand the relationship between marijuana and brain health, as cannabis can affect everything from your memory and thinking skills to your motivation and emotional well-being.

Memory and Learning

Marijuana affects several types of cognitive functions. THC, the active compound in marijuana, works by attaching to receptors in the parts of your brain that form memories. That means marijuana can impact aspects of your memory and thinking:8

  • Working memory: Holding and manipulating information in your mind
  • Executive function: Planning, organizing, and completing tasks
  • Psychomotor function: The conscious thought required for physical activities

That’s why it’s common for people who regularly use marijuana to experience these symptoms:

  • Trouble remembering recent events or conversations
  • Challenges with learning and retaining new information
  • Changes in how quickly you can process information

Usually, these effects are temporary. Most people report improvements in memory and thinking after they cut back or stop using marijuana. 

Mental Health Concerns

The relationship between marijuana and mental health9 is complex and varies greatly from person to person. While some people feel that marijuana helps them with their anxiety or depression, others might experience more anxiety, especially with high-THC strains. Regular use can influence your mood patterns—and if you have existing mental health conditions, marijuana might affect how you experience or manage these conditions.

Impact on Motivation and Productivity

Some people who use marijuana regularly notice changes in their drive or motivation over time. You might find it harder to get started on tasks or feel less excited about activities you used to enjoy. Your energy levels or ambition might shift. However, it’s important to note that a lot of people are able to maintain productive, successful lives while using marijuana regularly. The key is paying attention to how it affects your daily life and progress toward your goals, and being honest with yourself if you notice any changes.

Lifestyle and Social Effects of Long-Term Marijuana Use

The lifestyle impacts of marijuana use can influence your relationships, career path, and daily routines in ways you might not expect.

Relationships and Social Behavior

Regular marijuana use can also affect your social life and relationships. Some people find their social circles naturally shift toward others who have similar patterns of substance use, while connections with other friends become more distant. You might notice changes in how you interact with family members, particularly if they have concerns about your use.

Financial and Career Impacts

The cost of regularly using marijuana can add up significantly over time. Aside from buying marijuana, there are often related costs for paraphernalia, plus medical consultations or legal documentation in states where it’s regulated.

Marijuana use can also affect your professional life. Even if you don’t use marijuana at work, residual effects like decreased focus or changes in sleep patterns might impact your job performance. Some people find it harder to pursue advancement opportunities or stay engaged in long-term career planning, especially if marijuana is affecting their motivation.

Legal Issues

Even in states where marijuana is legal, regular use can still present legal challenges. Workplace drug testing policies, housing restrictions, and driving laws all create complications for regular users. Understanding and navigating these legal boundaries is an important part of managing long-term use.

Long-Term Risks of Marijuana Dependency

What Is Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD)?

Just as some people develop challenging relationships with alcohol, others may find themselves developing a marijuana dependency as it gets harder to control their use over time. Cannabis use disorder (CUD)10 describes a pattern where marijuana starts affecting your life in unwanted ways. It often develops so gradually that it’s hard to notice.

Healthcare providers look at several factors when assessing CUD:

  • Difficulty controlling the amount or frequency of use
  • Impact on your daily responsibilities
  • Continued use despite negative consequences
  • Using more or longer than you intend to 

The good news is that recognizing these patterns is the first step toward making any changes you’d like to see in your life. Many people are able to successfully adjust their use or get support when marijuana no longer serves their goals.

Tolerance and Withdrawal Symptoms

Just like with coffee or certain medications, your body gets used to marijuana over time. You might notice that the amount that once helped you feel relaxed or relieved pain doesn’t work quite as well anymore. This is your body building tolerance.

If you decide to cut back or take a break, you might go through an adjustment period. Some people feel irritable or find it hard to sleep. Your appetite might decrease for a few days, and you could feel restless or anxious. You might also have intense cravings. But these feelings are usually temporary—most people find the first week the hardest.

Everyone’s experience is different, and not everyone has all these symptoms. If you’re thinking about making changes to your use, it can help to know that any discomfort is usually short-lived.

Impacts on Health and Quality of Life 

When marijuana use becomes problematic, it can affect multiple areas of your life. You might notice changes in your physical and mental health, your relationships might feel strained, and your daily activities might feel more challenging. These impacts are often reversible with the right lifestyle changes and support.

Potential Benefits of Marijuana Use: A Balanced View

Medical Marijuana Applications

Under medical supervision, marijuana is effective in treating symptoms of certain health conditions:11

  • Chronic pain management
  • Reducing seizures
  • Alleviating nausea during chemotherapy
  • Managing symptoms of various chronic conditions

Medical use typically involves careful dosing and regular monitoring by healthcare providers, which is very different from how people use marijuana recreationally.

Harm Reduction Strategies for Recreational Users

If you choose to use marijuana, several strategies can help you minimize potential risks:

  • Consider alternatives to smoking, such as vaporizing or edibles
  • Choose products with balanced THC/CBD ratios instead of high-THC strains
  • Set clear boundaries around when and how much you use
  • Take regular breaks to assess your relationship with marijuana
  • Stay connected with non-marijuana-related activities and relationships

Overcoming Long-Term Effects and Dependency

Seeking Professional Help

If you’re concerned about your marijuana use, an addiction treatment specialist can offer practical, nonjudgmental support. They can help you understand your patterns, address related health concerns, and develop strategies for creating the changes you want to see. Many providers now have experience helping people navigate their relationship with marijuana to support their well-being.

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

Evidence-based approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other talk therapies can be especially effective in helping you shift patterns. These therapies help you understand the thoughts and behaviors that drive your marijuana use and learn practical skills for making changes. Mindfulness-based approaches can also help you increase your self-awareness and make conscious choices about your relationship with marijuana.

Recovery Resources

Support comes in many forms, and what works best varies from person to person. Therapy, support groups, and online communities can all help you change your patterns of marijuana use. Some people benefit from structured treatment programs, while others prefer individual therapy or informal support networks. The key is finding resources that align with your personal goals, whether that’s stopping use entirely, cutting back, or simply cultivating a healthier relationship with marijuana.

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Marijuana Misuse and Addiction: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment

Rolling a blunt one too many times can roll into a problem. Marijuana has the potential for addiction and bodily harm, and with it becoming legal in some states, now poses an even greater risk. 

Many people use weed regularly without understanding the possible risks. We’ll explore those here, plus signs of marijuana addiction and how to get treatment.

What Is Marijuana?

Marijuana comes from the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant1. It grows around the world, mostly in tropical and humid places. The THC compound in cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol) causes the mind and reality-altering effects2 associated with marijuana use. 

People typically smoke the dried leaves of the cannabis plant or the resin of its flowers. A rolled-up ‘cigarette’ of marijuana is called a blunt; some people roll and smoke their own or buy premade blunts. To smoke the more potent resin, people use bongs. People can also take edibles that take longer to set in but have longer-lasting effects (for example, pot brownies.)

Marijuana for medical use also occurs in some American states. For example, it can help cancer patients experience less nausea1 after chemotherapy. And Jamaican women commonly brew cannabis tea to relieve morning sickness3.

Is Marijuana Addictive?

Despite public perception touting weed as safe and nonaddictive, marijuana use can lead to an addiction4. It’s not safe, either. It can lead to addiction the same way other addictive drugs can: by altering the reward pathway in the brain4 and making changes in its functions. 

You can quickly build a tolerance to marijuana, meaning you need to take more to experience the same effects as your first experience. Taking more and more further alters your brain. Soon, you can start craving marijuana and experiencing intense urges to take it, until it becomes consuming and starts having pronounced negative effects on your life.

Ten percent of people who start smoking weed become addicted5; 30% of those who smoke it regularly meet addiction criteria. Those who start smoking earlier in life run a higher risk for addiction since marijuana can have a stronger effect on an adolescent brain6.

Effects of Marijuana Use

Marijuana has immediate and long-term effects. People often take marijuana for its immediate effects; to relax, fall asleep, or center their focus. Different strains of marijuana give different highs1, known as head or body highs. A head high is more conducive to focus while body highs offer a pronounced sense of relaxation. 

Immediate Effects

After taking marijuana, you’ll likely experience

  • A strong sense of relaxation and calm
  • Miscalculating time and distance
  • Paranoia
  • Red, bloodshot eyes
  • Food cravings

The initial effects of weed7 can last 2-10 hours, depending on its potency. Some people enjoy the effects, while others experience intense anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, and panic attacks.

Long-term Effects

Regular marijuana use leads to various long-term effects8, including

  • Memory damage
  • Schizophrenia
  • Lung cancer due to the carcinogens found in pot smoke3
  • Respiratory conditions from smoking, like bronchitis or regular coughing
  • Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, which means continuous vomiting
  • Poor concentration
  • Poor coordination
  • Cognitive and executive dysfunction

The longer someone uses marijuana, and the more they take it, the more intense the long-term effects can be. For example, someone who has smoked marijuana once a week for several years likely won’t experience the same slew of negative effects as someone who’s smoked daily for the last decade.

Signs of Marijuana Use

Someone who’s ingested marijuana will show a few key signs, both physically and psychologically.

Physical Signs

  1. Red eyes, like they’ve been crying or rubbing at them.
  2. Seeming disconnected from reality, out of it.
  3. Unusually relaxed and giggly.
  4. Talking slowly and not comprehending when other people talk. 
  5. Smelling of weed, which has a mossy, skunky odor.

Psychological Signs

Someone may show psychological signs of marijuana use, either in addition to or instead of physical signs. Examples include

  1. Low mood
  2. Disinterest in their usual activities
  3. Becoming emotionally distant and reserved

Withdrawal Symptoms

Once the brain and body grow accustomed to marijuana, especially high amounts of it, stopping can lead to detrimental effects. Though marijuana withdrawals aren’t deadly and typically not harmful long-term, they’re still uncomfortable3 and can prompt further use to curb the negative effects. People often experience physical and psychological weed withdrawals3.

Physical Withdrawal Symptoms

  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Runny nose
  • Sweating
  • Muscle cramps

Psychological Withdrawal Symptoms

Some people use marijuana to self-medicate anxiety and unease. These symptoms, and a host of other psychological symptoms, can occur once they stop.

  • Irritability
  • Restlessness
  • Discomfort and agitation
  • Pronounced return of anxiety as regular symptoms combine with withdrawals

Treatment Options for Marijuana Misuse and Addiction

Treatment options for marijuana addiction abound. You can go to a residential rehab, where you’ll stay for 28+ days to address underlying emotional issues and build coping strategies to maintain recovery outside treatment.

Rehabs typically combine 2 elements of care: behavioral and medical. You can access this care at an outpatient level, too, separately or concurrently. 

Behavioral Treatment

Therapy addresses the thoughts and feelings leading to marijuana use and, subsequently, marijuana addiction. For example, if your marijuana use started as a way to relax and mitigate anxiety, you’ll find a new approach to managing symptoms through therapies like CBT, DBT, and PE. Here’s what those mean:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on identifying and challenging untrue thoughts or beliefs before they can affect your emotional state and lead to unhealthy coping measures. 
  • Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) still helps you identify harmful thoughts and beliefs but focuses on accepting them, rather than challenging them, and managing your responses. 
  • Prolonged exposure9 (PE) works by exposing you to a trigger to help you become desensitized to it. People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can find PE particularly effective for managing the intense emotional responses to triggers that might lead to substance use.

Holistic therapies can help, too. Many people benefit from a blend of evidence-based therapies, like the ones above, and holistic approaches like art therapy, yoga, and creative writing.

Medical Treatment

Medical treatment for marijuana addiction includes medication-assisted treatment (MAT) as needed. Some medications can alleviate withdrawal symptoms and speed up the onset3, helping the body return to homeostasis quicker. 

The Importance of Early Intervention

Intervening early is one of the best ways to prevent addiction. This applies to all drugs, marijuana included. The sooner someone takes steps to stop their use, the easier and less disruptive returning to sobriety can be. The intervention may come from within, from healthcare professionals, or loved ones.

Family Support Systems

Family members are often the first to notice a loved one’s struggle with marijuana use and addiction. Because of this, they can be the first to intervene through a formal intervention or a more casual conversation voicing their concerns and asking how they can help. How you approach the situation depends on your unique circumstances.

Family members (chosen family or related) also serve as a crucial support system in recovery. Education on addiction, mental health, and recovery can help them become stronger allies for their loved one’s healing.

Professional Help

A myriad of professionals can help people with a marijuana addiction recover. Your first stop may be your primary care provider, or the doctor you see for regular check-ups and arising health needs. They can guide you to the next steps in your treatment and recommend an effective path for you. This may include inpatient care or outpatient services, like therapy.

Therapists can alleviate the emotional factors contributing to marijuana use and addiction, using proven evidence-based methods (or holistic therapies) to treat disorders like anxiety, depression, and trauma. With these underlying causes addressed, you’re less likely to feel a desire for marijuana.

Attending a residential rehab or outpatient treatment for marijuana addiction offers a comprehensive healing package. Regular therapy sessions can too, as can peer support groups like 12-Step meetings or SMART Recovery meetings.

Find Rehab Centers for Marijuana Addiction

Many drug rehabs treat marijuana addiction, offering different approaches, therapies, and amenities to treat the causes and symptoms of addiction. The best rehab is the one that’s right for you.
You can use Recovery.com to find marijuana rehabs and see their insurance information, photos, reviews, and more all in one place.

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Navigating Pre-Employment Drug Screening: Identifying the Substances Tested

A pre-employment drug test verifies if you are using illegal substances. These drug tests help employers understand if you are using any substances that may interfere with your ability to work. 

Although the legalization status of substances can vary across regions, such as marijuana, the test results can be used at the employer’s discretion. Drug tests can also be conducted at random, post-injury, if medications were used during recovery, with reasonable suspicion, or periodically during employment.

Commonly Screened Substances

Employers may test for various substances depending on the line of work, the location, the job role, and other factors. Commonly screened substances include, but are not limited to:

  1. Marijuana
  2. Cocaine
  3. Opioids (including heroin, morphine, codeine, and oxycodone)
  4. Amphetamines (including methamphetamine and MDMA)
  5. Benzodiazepines
  6. Alcohol
  7. Phencyclidine (PCP)

Detection Methods

Depending on the substances and desired time period of detection, employers have a few testing methods to choose from1: 

  1. Urine testing is the most common method that detects recent use of drugs. You will pee into a small cup and give it to a worker for testing. A urine test can typically detect substances used in the past few days.
  2. Hair testing can detect drug use over longer periods of time. A small hair sample is taken from the crown of the head or the armpit and must be at least 1.5 inches long. This method can detect drug use up to 90 days prior. 
  3. Blood testing is an accurate drug detection approach; however, it is costly and more invasive. A clinician uses an IV to draw a small amount of blood, and the test detects substances used in the past couple of hours or days. 
  4. Saliva testing uses a swab to collect a sample inside your mouth. This method detects drug use in the past 48 hours.

Factors Affecting Detection

Test results can be unique to each person’s circumstances, including factors such as:

  1. Frequency and amount of substance use: A chronic daily user will likely have the substance readily detected. An occasional user may be harder to detect, depending on the test.
  2. Metabolism and body composition: Your metabolic rate can influence how quickly drugs are processed and eliminated from your body2. Age, gender, genetic makeup, and overall health play significant roles in metabolism speed. For example, someone with a slower metabolism will take longer to eradicate substances.
  3. Sensitivity of testing methods: Different testing methods have varying sensitivities and detection windows. The cutoff levels (the minimum amount of drug residue required for a test to be considered positive) also vary by test. They can affect whether a result is positive or negative.
  4. Time elapsed since substance use: Depending on the test, if substance use is more than two weeks prior to the test, most methods will not detect it; however, hair testing can detect drug use for months.

Legal Implications

Employers must comply with federal and state drug test regulations, which can vary by region. 

In most cases, employers must give reasonable notice before the test and obtain the employee’s or job applicant’s consent. Drug testing policies must be fair to all employees or candidates to avoid discrimination. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities who must take medication for their condition.

In some regions, laws and regulations may limit the actions employers can take in response to a positive drug test, particularly for substances like marijuana, where legality varies by jurisdiction.

Wrongful termination or disciplinary actions based on drug test results can lead to legal disputes, so employers must be clear, consistent, and legally compliant when defending their actions.

Employer Policies and Procedures

Drug test results represent highly sensitive and strictly confidential health information. Unauthorized disclosure of test results can lead to legal action against the employer. Before taking the drug test, you must agree to your privacy and confidentiality rights.

If the test results are positive, the employer has the right to rescind the job offer or terminate employment. Companies can also take disciplinary action, such as suspension or mandatory participation in a drug treatment center.

In some professions, a positive drug test may result in the suspension or termination of professional licenses or certifications, potentially rendering an individual ineligible for promotions and transfers.

Preparation and Mitigation Strategies

If you’re worried that your substance use may interfere with obtaining employment, it might be time to look into professional treatment. 

Your recovery journey can begin with medical detox. With clinical support, this process rids the body of harmful substances and helps you quit drinking alcohol or using drugs. In the case of alcohol and opioids, detox can be life threatening if done improperly. You can search for qualified detox centers near you to see what substances they treat, insurances they accept, and treatment approach they use. 

Often, detox isn’t enough for full recovery. You and your care team can collaboratively decide which level of care is best for your needs:

  • Outpatient (OP): You’ll meet 1-2x per week with your provider and others in treatment.
  • Intensive outpatient (IOP): You’ll meet 3-5x per week for several hours at a time for more intensive care.
  • Partial hospitalization (PHP): You’ll meet 5-7 times a week for a full day.
  • Residential: You’ll live in a rehab for 28+ days and engage in treatment with a comprehensive staff and a community of peers. 
  • Inpatient: You’ll live in a treatment center or hospital-like setting and have 24/7 monitoring. 

Managing addiction can be a complex and individualized process. Licensed professionals can provide you with appropriate tools, techniques, and support tailored to your specific needs. You may engage in talk therapies such as: 

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to learn how to replace unhealthy thought patterns with more affirming ones.
  • Contingency management (CM) that provides positive reinforcement, such as rewards or incentives, for maintaining abstinence from heroin.
  • Relapse prevention counseling to learn techniques to manage addiction cravings and other symptoms.
  • Motivational interviewing to explore the reasons why you want to recover and use that purpose to motivate change. 

Resources and Support

In the case of employment-related drug testing issues, seeking legal assistance can be a crucial step in understanding your rights, navigating potential consequences, and challenging unjust or unlawful practices. 

If you are struggling with a substance use issue, professional addiction treatment can help you identify triggers and unhealthy behaviors, learn positive coping skills, and adapt lifestyle habits to change your life for the better. Treatment may involve a mixture of evidence-based talk therapies (like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)), holistic healing modalities (like yoga), and support groups (such as AA and NA).

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What Is THC-O? Understanding the Risks

THC-O is one of many new cannabis products. Since it’s so different from other types of marijuana, like THC and CBD, you might wonder what THC-O is in the first place. Is it safe, regulated, or even legal? And can it lead to addiction?

All drugs can potentially lead to addiction—even marijuana. To keep yourself safe, you can learn more about THC-O and how it works. 

THC-O vs. THC

You may have heard of THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol,1 the chemical compound in marijuana that gets you high. THC-O, also called THC-O acetate,2 is a synthetic compound similar to THC. 

Compared to some of the natural compounds in cannabis, THC-O produces profound psychoactive effects. THC-O is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. People who use THC-O call it a “spiritual cannabinoid.”3 Some also use it for anxiety, nausea, sleep, and pain management.

How Long Does It Take For THC-O to Kick In?

The onset time of THC-O varies depending on several factors, including your metabolism, dosage, method of consumption, and tolerance. According to an analysis of social media discussions on THC-O,4 “Multiple users reported a relatively lengthy onset of effects and/or a lengthy duration of effects:” 

‘Thco also takes ab 45 mins to fully hit you n last considerably longer than thc.’

‘Takes an hour to fully kick in then for me the high lasts several hours’ 

‘The high from thc-o lasts SIGNIFICANTLY longer than d8/even d9. like, way longer.’ 

THC-O typically takes longer to kick in when you ingest it orally (via edibles or capsules) compared to inhalation methods like smoking or vaping. That’s because digestion through your GI tract takes longer than absorption through your lungs, which happens rapidly. Onset time can also vary depending on the specific product. 

How Is THC-O Made?

THC-O doesn’t occur naturally in marijuana. Instead, manufacturers derive THC-O from hemp plants. This chemical process takes place in a lab: 

  1. Manufacturers extract CBD, a naturally occurring cannabinoid, from the hemp plant.
  2. Next, they use special equipment to extract Delta-8 THC, another synthetic compound. 
  3. Finally, they add a highly flammable chemical—acetic anhydride—directly to the Delta-8 THC molecules. This results in THC-O. 

Is THC-O Safe?

THC-O is relatively new, and scientists are still gathering data to determine if it’s safe. But some studies paint an alarming picture. 

The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) warns against THC-O.5 According to their website, this compound “has never been tested for safety in human studies.” But the little data we have suggests that THC-O can cause serious health problems.6 For example, THC-O vapes often include toxic chemicals. These additives can cause lung injuries and digestive issues. 

Research on other synthetic cannabinoids7 like Delta-8 THC and Delta-9 THC further points to the potential dangers of THC-O. Studies link these cannabinoids to psychosis, chronic vomiting, and addiction when used at high concentrations.

The Risks of THC-O

The potential risks of THC-O are unclear for a few reasons. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp at a federal level, opening the door for hemp products like THC-O. The DEA only designated THC-O as a controlled substance in 2023. 

With this lack of regulation, there’s no standard procedure for producing THC-O. So its strength and quality vary drastically depending on how it’s made. When you try a new THC-O product, there’s no way to predict whether it’s safe. 

What Are the Side Effects of THC-O?

The side effects of synthetic cannabinoids can be unpredictable and dangerous. While we still need more data, current research points to several side effects of THC-O. 

Hallucinations

Some experts call THC-O a psychedelic drug8 much like LSD or psilocybin. It’s so powerful that, according to the Chicago Sun Times, the military once researched it as a “nonlethal incapacitating agent.” In high doses THC-O may produce hallucinations, making you see, hear, or feel things that aren’t there. 

Dizziness

Many synthetic cannabinoids can make you dizzy.9 THC-O is no exception. This can make it dangerous to work, drive, or engage in other routine activities. 

Sedation

Many people use cannabis products to improve their sleep. And in moderation, THC-O might help you relax. But if you take too much, you might fall asleep by accident or sleep longer than you intended. And with unregulated drugs like THC-O, that’s easy to do. You might not know how strong it is until you feel its effects.

Vomiting

Overconsumption of cannabis—and most drugs—can make you sick to your stomach. Since THC-O has stronger effects than natural cannabinoids, these symptoms are likely to be more intense.

Paranoia

Like many cannabinoids, THC-O can bring on severe anxiety and paranoia, especially when you take too much. Paranoia, in turn, can affect other aspects of your mental health. For example, some data shows a link between paranoia and low self-esteem.10

The laws surrounding this drug are complicated at best. For example, in the U.S., THC-O is illegal at the federal level. However, it may be legal in some states that permit recreational marijuana use. Since THC-O doesn’t naturally occur in hemp plants, federal law enforcement officials have classified it as a Schedule 1 drug. In other words, THC-O is a federally controlled substance.

Understanding THC-O

With so much uncertainty about THC-O it’s hard to weigh the risks of this new chemical. It’s also important to account for your personal health history. For example, if you know you’re vulnerable to addiction, this drug could be even more dangerous. 

Browse rehabs that treat marijuana addiction to learn about their treatment approaches, insurance options, and more. 

Frequently Asked Questions About THC-O

What is THC-O and how does it differ from THC and CBD?

THC-O, or THC-O acetate, is a synthetic compound similar to THC found in marijuana. It produces profound psychoactive effects and is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. While THC and CBD are natural compounds, THC-O is a synthetic drug.

Is THC-O strong?

THC-O is significantly stronger than regular THC. It produces profound psychoactive effects and is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. However, the strength of THC-O can vary depending on the specific product, as there’s no standardized procedure for its production.

Is THC-O safe and legal?

THC-O is a relatively new substance, and its safety is still being studied. However, data suggests significant health risks, including lung injuries and digestive issues from toxic chemicals often found in THC-O vapes. THC-O is illegal at the federal level in the United States, classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance. Its legality may vary in states that allow recreational marijuana use.
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A Parent’s Guide to Drug Smells and Odors

If you think your child might be using drugs, certain smells can help you know for sure. Some substances have distinctive odors. You’re probably already familiar with a few, like alcohol or cigarette smoke. But some of the most dangerous drugs, like meth and PCP, can be harder to identify. This guide will teach you to recognize the smells of several different drugs and help you decide what to do next.

Common Drug Smells and Odors

Drugs can leave lingering odors in your child’s room, in their car, or on their clothes. You might also associate a strong smell with certain behaviors. Does your teen smell different every time they come home from band practice? Or, do they seem more irritable whenever they smell a certain way? 

Once you recognize the smell of drugs, you can get your teen the help they need. But first, it’s important to know what you’re dealing with. And wrong assumptions can make matters worse. Even the best treatment for alcohol abuse might not help your teen recover from meth addiction.

Marijuana

There are many strains of marijuana, and each one smells a little different. But most weed smells “skunky,”1 with distinctive sour, earthy notes. Some describe it as smelling like burnt rope.2 It can also smell light or even citrusy, depending on the varietal. 

Synthetic Cannabinoids

A growing number of U.S. states are legalizing marijuana. As that trend continues, scientists develop more and more synthetic versions of the drug. K2, or spice, is one of these. While K2 isn’t meant for human consumption,3 some people ingest it anyway. Some say that spice smells a lot like marijuana. 

However, other synthetic cannabinoids may smell different.4 One study found that several of these drugs smelled like naphthalene, an ingredient in mothballs. As more synthetic cannabinoids come on the market, it’s hard to predict exactly how each of them will smell. 

If your child is abusing any of these cannabis products, it may be time to research marijuana rehab centers.

PCP

Phencyclidine, more commonly called PCP or angel dust, is a dangerous dissociative.5 This drug is infamous for its more severe side effects, which include paranoia and physical violence. It can even be fatal. 

PCP normally appears as a powder, pill, or liquid. These inert forms of the drug are odorless.6 However, you can smoke PCP by adding the powder to any plant, including marijuana, tobacco, or even herbs like mint. 

The smoke from PCP smells like ammonia. If you find this strong chemical smell on your child’s clothes or belongings, they may be using the drug. But if you notice a characteristic PCP smell coming from an entire home or building, you may be close to a lab that manufactures it on a larger scale. 

Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine, or crack, is a more potent form of cocaine.7 Both of these drugs are stimulants, and they have an immediate effect on circulation. Your heart beats faster, but your blood vessels get smaller. In extreme cases, this can cause seizures or heart attacks. 

Cocaine is a white powder, and usually odorless. Crack cocaine, however, appears in the form of a rock or crystal, and it has a distinctive smell when smoked. Many people report that crack smells like burnt plastic.8 

Meth

Methamphetamine, or meth, is an extremely powerful stimulant.9 This drug is most common in rural towns, and it can wreak havoc on entire communities. Most of the time, people manufacture it in illegal at-home labs. Because meth includes such volatile chemicals, these labs can easily catch fire or even explode.

Like other synthetic drugs, including crack cocaine, meth emits a strong chemical smell.10 Some compare it to ammonia or burning plastic. If your child smokes meth regularly, or in large quantities, their sweat may start to smell the same way.

Experts say that meth is a “community disease.”11 Even more than other drugs, it affects entire social groups. As a result, your child may need a change of scenery to fully recover. If you’re noticing a meth smell in your home, you can look into meth rehab centers that treat teens.

Recognizing Drug Paraphernalia

Not everyone is an expert drug smell detector. And even if you are, your teen might be very good at hiding their substance use. They could also be using odorless drugs, like prescription pills. 

If you can’t smell drugs, but you’re still concerned about your child’s behavior, you can keep an eye out for common drug paraphernalia.12 Any of these items may smell like their associated drugs.

Marijuana and Cannabinoid Paraphernalia

  • Glass, metal, or wooden pipes
  • Bongs
  • DIY pipes, such as a pipe carved out of an apple or a Coke can with a puncture in the side
  • Prescription pill bottles with or without printed labels, which can be used to store marijuana
  • Herb grinders
  • Lighters
  • Cigarette rolling papers or blunt wraps
  • Vape pens
  • Bottles of vape juice
  • Blowtorches
  • Lighters
  • Shallow dishes or trays with drug residue

PCP Paraphernalia

  • Dark-colored cigarettes
  • Cigarette rolling papers
  • Bags of plant matter, such as marijuana or non-psychoactive herbs
  • Glass or metal pipes
  • Bongs
  • Lighters

Cocaine and Crack Cocaine Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Lighters
  • Small spoons, keys, or other objects that can fit inside a nostril
  • Small plastic bags
  • Small glass or plastic bottles with screw tops
  • Rolled bills or straws that have been cut down
  • Credit cards, ID cards, or razor blades with white residue
  • Small mirrors or plates with white residue or scratch marks

Because cocaine normally doesn’t have a smell, it can be harder to detect than smokable drugs. If you’re worried your child is snorting the powdered version, you can learn how to tell if someone is using cocaine. 

Meth Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Spoons
  • Tinfoil
  • Lighters

Injectable Drug Paraphernalia

Some people inject drugs like meth, crack cocaine, and PCP. However, heroin is the most common injectable drug.13 No matter which substance a person is injecting, they’ll probably use similar paraphernalia:

  • Syringes
  • Metal spoons or cookers14 (small metal containers used for heating drugs over a flame)
  • Lighters
  • Items that can be used as tourniquets,15 including elastic strips, belts, neckties, and similar

Injecting drugs16 is one of the most dangerous ways to take them. It substantially increases the risk of infectious diseases, including HIV and hepatitis. If you suspect your teen is injecting drugs, they may need immediate professional support. To get them the help they need, you can start by researching heroin rehab centers. 

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Use

Addiction causes behavioral changes17—but so does adolescence. It can be hard to tell the difference between normal teen development and more serious problems. According to experts, there are a few warning signs that your child might need help: 

  1. Their demeanor changes suddenly.
  2. Multiple signs of addiction appear at the same time. 
  3. Their behavior is extreme. 

But what specific signs should you look for? You can keep your child safe by watching out for these symptoms of substance abuse:18

  • Frequently changing friend groups
  • Regularly staying out after their curfew
  • Lying about where they’ve been
  • Making transparent excuses for bad behavior
  • Pulling back from family activities
  • Disrespecting authority figures such as parents, teachers, or other adults
  • Academic problems
  • Changes in appearance
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, or pinpoint pupils
  • Unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Uncharacteristic or unprovoked anger
  • Poor judgment
  • Irritability
  • Depression
  • Mood swings
  • Drastic changes to sleep habits

Identifying Drug Smells in the Home

When you want to keep your child safe, asking “What do drugs smell like?” can be a good first step. But smells can be deceiving. If you think you’re smelling drugs, you should gather more information before confronting your child.

First, consider the context in which you’re noticing the smell: 

  • Is the smell coming from your child’s bedroom, the clothes they’re wearing, their body, or somewhere else? 
  • Do you only notice it at certain times of the day? 
  • Does your child act differently when they smell that way? 

Use your answers to make a plan of action. For example, if you notice the smell in their bedroom, you might want to take a look around while they’re out of the house. Or if the smell only happens late at night, you can check in on them around that time to make sure they’re okay. 

Looking for Drugs in Your Home

If you think your teen may be keeping substances in your home, you should be aware of a few common hiding spots for drugs:19

  • Electronics with closed compartments (calculators, game consoles, alarm clocks, etc.)
  • Highlighters or pens with caps
  • Candy wrappers or snack containers
  • Heating vents
  • Stuffed animals
  • Car interiors, especially any hidden compartments

Some retailers also sell disguised stash containers, which look like other objects. For example, your teen might have a smell-proof container that looks exactly like a can of soda. 

Addressing Drug Use With Your Child

Every behavior—even dangerous behavior—serves a purpose. If your child’s using drugs, there’s a reason for it. But they might not know what that reason is. Maybe they’re trying to self-medicate mental health issues, impress their friends, or just get your attention. Whatever need they’re trying to meet, you can help them address it in a more effective way. 

In many cases, the next step is to talk to your child about their behavior. You can also get the help of a therapist or addiction specialist, or even stage an intervention. Whatever you decide, take your time to prepare for this conversation. Go into it with a plan for what you’ll say, and clear goals for the future. 

The most important thing is opening communication with your child, and letting them know you’re on their side. Try to avoid blaming them or punishing them for their behavior. Instead, focus on giving them more support. This could mean that you set stronger boundaries, or take away privileges like staying out after a certain time. You can also look for more sustainable ways to meet their emotional needs. For example, you might suggest a weekly family hike or movie night. 

If your child is abusing drugs, they may need professional mental health treatment. It’s best to start researching treatment programs before it becomes an emergency. You can also reach out to rehab programs to ask for their expert advice. 

Prevention and Education

Whether or not your child is using drugs, there are things you can do to keep them safe. Experts have identified certain risk factors for drug use among teens:20

  • Conflict with parents
  • Inconsistent, harsh, or lacking discipline
  • Substance use by parents or siblings
  • Physical abuse
  • Lack of supervision
  • Academic problems

Addressing these issues can lower your child’s risk of substance abuse. You can also teach them about addiction, and what to do if they encounter drug use. For example, you can encourage them to call you for a ride home if any of their friends offer them drugs. 

Seeking Professional Assistance

Data suggests that instead of talking to their parents, teens confide in other adults21 more readily. In addition to offering them emotional support, you can connect them with a larger community of people. That could include trusted friends, extended family, and mental health providers. 

You can choose the right type of healthcare professional based on your family’s needs. These experts can help in a variety of ways: 

  • Offering a safe space in which teens can talk about their feelings
  • Diagnosing underlying mental health issues
  • Prescribing non-addictive medications 
  • Recommending specific types of long-term treatment
  • Facilitating communication between family members
  • Educating parents on how to best support teenagers

Addiction and mental health treatment are different for everyone. Your child might benefit from seeing a talk therapist, psychiatrist, social worker, or other specialist. In most rehab programs—including inpatient and outpatient centers—they’ll get coordinated care from a team of experts. 

While treatment will focus on your child, it often includes the whole family. You might attend group therapy sessions or just receive updates about their progress. Their care team will probably also suggest ways to improve your whole family’s dynamic. 

Supporting Your Child’s Well-Being

If you discover that your child is using drugs, it’s a sign that something has to change. Going forward, they’ll probably need new kinds of support. That could mean going to rehab, switching schools, or something else entirely. In any event, this might be the start of a turbulent time. 

As your child makes this transition, look for ways to provide stability: 

  • Communicate openly. Foster a supportive home environment by talking to your child about their feelings. You can also share your own experience in a gentle, loving way.
  • Set clear boundaries and expectations. Reward their progress and provide consistent discipline. 
  • Connect with the other people in their support network. This may include therapists, teachers, friends, or extended family. Work as a team to support your child’s ongoing recovery.
  • Set a positive example. Children with parents who abuse substances,22 including alcohol, have a higher risk of addiction. 
  • Look for ways to have fun. Finding joy is an essential part of recovery. Encourage your child to try new hobbies they might find meaningful. You can also plan regular activities as a family.

Remember that your child isn’t the only one going through a major life change. Their journey affects you and your whole family. Make sure you get the support you need, too. You might see a 1:1 therapist, lean on trusted friends, or just take time for yourself. 

Practicing self-care has several benefits. First, you’ll ensure that you have the emotional bandwidth to help your child face whatever challenges arise. You’ll also show your child that it’s okay to ask for help when they need it. 

Moving Forward Together

If you’re concerned that your child might be doing drugs, there are a few steps you can take to keep them safe: 

  • Learn how to detect drug smells in your home or on your child’s clothes.
  • Check for drug paraphernalia, making sure to look in common hiding places.
  • Talk to your child about drug use.
  • Get expert advice from mental health professionals. 

Parenting is a constant learning process. And the more you know about substance abuse, the more tools you’ll have to help your child. If they need professional support, you can always connect with a rehab program for teens.

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug Smells and Odors

What does meth smell like?

Methamphetamine, or meth, emits a strong chemical smell resembling ammonia or burning plastic. Recognizing this distinct odor can help identify potential methamphetamine use.

What does fentanyl smell like?

Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, lacks a distinctive smell. It’s generally odorless, making it hard to detect based on smell alone. However, recognizing other signs and symptoms of fentanyl use is crucial.

What drug smells like burnt plastic?

Crack cocaine is often associated with a smell similar to burnt plastic. This distinct odor is a characteristic of crack cocaine when smoked. Recognizing this smell can help identify possible crack cocaine use.

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What Are Designer Drugs?

Designer drugs are synthetic drugs created to mimic traditional drugs. They sell through gray areas in drug legislations—and can adapt as quickly as legislations change. For those reasons, they’re sometimes called “legal highs”.

Designer drugs carry risks health professionals and law enforcement haven’t fully realized yet. And designer drugs can evolve and change with relative ease, making all the types and variants hard to keep track of. 

But for each new designer drug, a way to heal exists. For example, you can go to rehab for designer drug use.  

What Exactly Is a Designer Drug?

Here, designer doesn’t mean fancy. The “designer” class of drugs just means someone designed the drug to act in a certain way1. It also means it was designed to skirt the law through cracks in controlled substance legislations. 

They’re sold in packaging that says they’re “not for human consumption,” which can keep their manufacturers somewhat safe from legal trouble.

Some designer drugs began as a research project2. Shady scientists can hijack the research made on the brain and tailor a drug to have a particular reaction. Designer drugs originated overseas, produced in places like China and Europe before shipping to America. 

Young teens and military members use designer drugs1 more often since they don’t always appear in drug tests. The packaging and names of designer drugs also cater to young teens, with bright colors, fun designs, and names like Green Giant and Joker.

Are Designer Drugs The Same As Synthetic Drugs?

Synthetic drugs don’t always have illegal connotations, as designer drugs do. For example, morphine is a synthetic drug. Though someone could abuse it, morphine wasn’t designed, manufactured, and sold with that in mind. 

Designer drugs specifically mimic other illegal drugs—but with chemical properties most toxicology screens won’t notice. Chemicals like fentanyl, morphine, and LSD would show.

And like any other drug, natural or synthetic, designer drugs come with a unique set of risks and side effects.

Common Risks And Side Effects of Designer Drug Use

No drug is without risk. But for designer drugs, their sneaky manufacturing and profit-motivated sellers create problems we’re yet to fully understand.

For example, most designer drug users don’t take just one2. They may combine 2 or more designer stimulants, or make a speedball with a depressant and stimulant. The process of making designer drugs hasn’t been regulated in any way either, meaning you could take a much higher dose than intended or something you never meant to take. 

The general side effects of designer drug3 use include

  • Serotonin syndrome
  • Seizures
  • Hyperthermia
  • Psychosis
  • Insomnia
  • Paranoia
  • Hypertension
  • Heart attack
  • Kidney failure
  • Tachycardia

The more precise effects of designer drugs vary based on the kind you take. 

The 7 Different Types of Designer Drugs

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)4 recognizes 7 different kinds of designer drugs. They might add more in the future, but for now, these 7 are what they’ve been able to identify.

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Most synthetic cannabinoids began as an innocent research project5. Synthetic cannabinoids affect receptors throughout the body in the same way as THC (found in marijuana). It creates an elevated mood and sense of relaxation5. Almost all synthetic cannabinoids go by the street name Spice.

Compared to natural marijuana, Spice usually has a stronger effect5 and higher potential for toxicity. 

The chemical compound of Spice coats plant material, making it look like marijuana. You can smoke Spice like regular weed, snort it, or eat it. Its side effects include acute psychosis, anxiety, tachycardia, confusion, paranoia, and delusions. 

Phenethylamines

Phenethylamines are synthetic hallucinogens6, called 2Cs for their 2 connecting carbon molecules. Other street names include N-Bomb, based on the chemical name 25I-NBOMe. They communicate with serotonin receptors in the brain7. 

Phenethylamines recently hit the U.S. market after they were made to research serotonin receptors7. You can snort, smoke, inject, or swallow N-Bomb as a liquid or powder. After use, side effects like depersonalization, delirium, extreme confusion, violence, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, bizarre behavior, and heart failure can occur. 

Arylcyclohexylamines

Arylcyclohexylamines cause a dissociative high. The drug compounds of arylcyclohexylamines include ketamine, phencyclidines (PCP)8, and more. PCP goes by the street name “angel dust” as it’s typically “dusted” over marijuana and tobacco before smoking. Many synthetic arylcyclohexylamines were originally designed as anesthetics. PCP began that way too, before retiring to a veterinary anesthetic for its side effects. 

Ketamine isn’t as strong as PCP but still has addictive potential, especially at higher doses. Smaller doses, however, can be therapeutic. 

These designer drugs can cause violent behavior, hallucinations, amnesia, coma, ataxia, catatonia, and tachycardia. 

Tryptamines

Everyone has naturally occurring tryptamines—serotonin, melatonin, and others. But synthetic tryptamines act as hallucinogens9. They typically mimic the effects of LSD and DMT (psychedelic found in plants and animals). Street names include “Foxy”, “Foxy-Methoxy”, “Alpha-O”, and “5-MEO”. 

Tryptamines cause hallucinations and some stimulant effects9. They can also cause agitation, muscle tension, death, and rhabdomyolysis. Designer tryptamines come as pills, capsules, powders, or a liquid. 

Piperazines

Piperazines cause many of the same effects as ecstasy10, a stimulant. Similar to ecstasy, they’re marketed toward party-goers and even created to look like ecstasy. Its slang names include “party pills”, “Jax”, “Legal E”, “Flying Angel”, and “Pep X”.

Piperazines gained popularity worldwide as a mislabeled legal alternative to meth and MDMA (ecstasy)10. There’s little regulation or control over piperazines, making them an especially risky designer drug.

After taking piperazines, which come as a pill or powder, you might experience seizures, hallucinations, kidney failure, and respiratory acidosis.  

Pipradrol

Pipradrol, a stimulant11, was first used as an antidepressant. It was also used to treat dementia and obesity. But pipradrol was quickly recalled due to its potential for abuse. Its effects mirror amphetamines—without some of the undesirable side effects. Pipradrols suppress appetite and don’t cause noticeable overexcitement, like other stimulants.

Pipradrol’s street names include MRD-108 and Alpha. Its toxic effects include hallucinations, death, anxiety, nausea, and convulsions. 

Cathinones

Cathinones mimic cocaine12, ecstasy, and MDMA as designer central nervous system stimulant. They’re commonly called bath salts and cause a sense of euphoria. Being marketed as a designer drug, you can find bath salts online, in gas stations, smoke shops, and adult stores. 

Other street names include “Bliss,” “Blue Silk,” “Glass Cleaner,” and “Super Coke.” The active ingredient in cathinone comes from a khat plant. Scientists synthesized a drug based on the khat plant to form bath salts, which look like small, opaque rocks. Taking bath salts can cause psychosis, confusion, violence, hypertension, seizures, death, paranoia, and delusions. 

The makers of designer drugs suggest they’re a fun alternative to “real” drugs. Or, a way to take drugs without getting caught—or without accidentally hurting yourself. 

But neither proves true.

Are Designer Drugs Addictive?

Yes. Some designer drugs could be even more addictive than the drug they’re copying. Fentanyl, for example, mimics natural opioids like heroin13—but it’s 50 times more potent.  

Most designer drugs are supposed to be addictive1. What begins as an experiment or coping tool can spiral out of control and into addiction. Because, with the easier accessibility of designer drugs, feeding the habit isn’t too difficult. Finding a reason to stop could feel unnecessary.

But you can. 

Getting Help for Designer Drug Use

 Designer drug addiction often responds well to the same treatments used for natural drug addictions. Some benzodiazepines can help1 with long-term treatment and withdrawal. 

Some patients confront their need for treatment in an emergency room. An ER can get you stabilized and ready for the next steps in treatment, like a residential rehab with 24/7 support.

In treatment, you’ll likely have group and individual therapy to address the thoughts and behaviors behind your addiction. You might also join 12 Step meetings, which encourage you to find support in your higher power and in your peers. Many rehabs take insurance to make the cost of care more affordable. And your family can heal with you too, since most rehabs also offer family services. 
Treatment for designer drug use has the potential to unlock a life of recovery. To learn more about your recovery resources, you can browse our list of rehabs with reviews, pricing, insurance information, and photos.

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Can Weed Kill You? Understanding Marijuana’s Real Risks

can weed kill you

Marijuana (cannabis) is becoming more widely available as more states make it legal. This has many people wondering about its safety. While marijuana is often considered safer than other drugs, it’s important to understand the real risks it can pose.

The Short Answer: Direct vs. Indirect Fatality Risk

No one has ever died directly from using too much marijuana alone. This makes it different from drugs like alcohol or opioids, which can cause deadly overdoses. However, marijuana can still lead to death in indirect ways that users need to understand.

In one incident in Colorado, for example, a 19-year-old man died after consuming a cannabis cookie.1 Following the sales clerk’s instructions, he ate one piece and waited 30-60 minutes. When he didn’t feel any effects, he ate the rest of the cookie. Over the next 2 hours, he started acting erratic and hostile. About 2.5 hours after finishing the cookie, he jumped from a fourth-floor balcony, resulting in fatal injuries.

Infographic comparing direct and indirect risks of marijuana use. Direct risks include psychosis, lung damage, CHS, and anxiety, contributing to 35 percent of ER visits. Indirect risks, such as impaired driving, mixing with other drugs, and contaminated weed, account for 65 percent. Each risk is represented by icons under labeled sections.

Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies and Illnesses

Weed is getting stronger—and so is the risk of weed-related health effects. The potency of marijuana has quadrupled since the mid-’90s.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. While THC levels used to be around 10%, they’re now often higher than 40%. “Higher THC concentrations2 have been associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use progressing to cannabis use disorder, among other health concerns,” says the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

While marijuana itself may not be deadly, it can cause serious medical problems3 that require treatment:

1. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

CHS is a rare but dangerous condition that can happen to people who smoke weed regularly. It causes severe vomiting that won’t stop without medical help, though some people say hot showers temporarily relieve their symptoms. “Once thought to be rare, [CHS] is now being seen almost daily,” says emergency medicine physician Karen Randall in a report on increased weed-related ER visits.4 If it’s left untreated, CHS can cause dangerous dehydration and kidney problems.

2. Severe Anxiety and Panic Attacks

Some people have severe anxiety or panic attacks when they use marijuana. In rare cases, this can lead to dangerous behavior or self-harm if the person doesn’t get help.

Weed can also raise your heart rate and blood pressure. For people with heart disease or cardiovascular issues, this extra strain could trigger a heart attack. “Research suggests that the risk of heart attack is several times higher in the hour after smoking marijuana5 than it would be normally,” say experts at Harvard Health.

Infographic titled The Evolution of Weed: Higher Potency and More ER Visits. Two line graphs show a rise in THC potency from 1995 to 2024 and a parallel increase in cannabis-related emergency room visits per 100,000 people. A cannabis leaf with a warning icon emphasizes the risk.

3. Acute Psychosis

Studies have found that people who use marijuana are more likely to experience psychotic symptoms6—and the more you use, the more the risk increases.

There’s also a proven link between marijuana and schizophrenia7 in teens and young adults, with young men being at the highest risk. Young people should be aware that using marijuana can increase their risk of developing serious mental health problems later in life.

THC levels in cannabis products are skyrocketing. How is this changing serious health issues like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) or heart problems?

Cannabis products today are way more potent than they used to be, with much higher THC levels. While that might seem like a plus, it’s actually leading to some serious health problems. More people are ending up in the ER with conditions like cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which causes intense nausea, stomach pain, and constant vomiting that can last for hours or even days. Some users are also experiencing heart-related issues like a racing heartbeat, high blood pressure, sudden anxiety, and even panic attacks.

Janelle Salo, RN | Healthy Earth Living

4. Acute Cannabinoid Catatonia

It’s not common, but in rare cases, consuming too much marijuana can cause a severe reaction8 that causes a temporary catatonic state (someone appears awake but doesn’t respond to stimuli like voices or touch). Overconsumption to this extent is more likely to happen with edibles. 

5. Cancer and Lung Damage

Smoking marijuana can seriously damage your lungs,9 leading to health issues like bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Research shows that people who smoke marijuana face a higher risk of developing cancers10 of the head, neck, and throat. Long-term use can also weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off illness.

Illustration showing a person smoking marijuana while driving, with one hand on the steering wheel and the other holding a joint. A rainbow-colored road leads to a traffic light ahead. Text warns that weed does not normally kill, but impaired judgment does.

Hidden Dangers: Indirect Fatality Risks

1. Impaired Driving Deaths and Occupational Injury

The biggest risks come from how marijuana affects your judgment and reaction time. Driving while high significantly increases your chance of getting into a deadly accident.11 The short-term effects of cannabis can last several hours, making it unsafe to drive even if you feel “okay.”

Research is still ongoing, but there’s also evidence of a link between marijuana and work-related injuries.12

2. Drug Interactions

Mixing cannabis with alcohol or other drugs is especially dangerous. These combinations can lead to severe reactions your body can’t handle. They can also make you more likely to make risky decisions.

Marijuana and other drugs are commonly taken in combination with alcohol. While this is a common practice, its risks are more serious than most people realize. Learn more about this in our article on the dangers of combined alcohol and drug use.

3. Contaminated Products

When you buy marijuana from unlicensed sellers, you don’t really know what’s in it. There’s a real risk that these products could be mixed with harmful substances or contaminants.

When working with clients who use a lot of marijuana, what dangerous situations have you found most concerning that could potentially become life-threatening? How do you help them understand and manage these risks?

In working with clients who consume large quantities of marijuana, I have found their misinterpretation of perceptions to be the most dangerous, which could lead to fatal car accidents, on-the-job injuries, etc. Education is the most beneficial way to help clients understand the dangers of their consumption. Additionally, providing them with alternative coping skills helps manage these risks.

Dee Anderson, SUDCCII-CS

What Happens During a Marijuana Overdose

“Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis,”13 says Manitoba Health. “It is not fatal, but overconsumption can be very uncomfortable.” While a marijuana overdose won’t kill you directly, it can be a frightening experience. Sometimes, it requires medical attention. 

Signs of THC poisoning14 include: 

  • Extreme anxiety or panic
  • Racing heart
  • Paranoid thoughts
  • Severe nausea
  • Mental confusion
  • Hallucinations

Edible marijuana products pose special risks because they’re harder to dose correctly. The effects take longer to feel, which might make you think you need more. This often leads people to accidentally take too much.

Most of the time, you can just wait for the effects to wear off. If your symptoms are very severe or you have chest pain, panic attacks, or seizures, get medical help.

THC is never safe for children in any amount. If your child has consumed THC, contact the Poison Control Center hotline at 1-800-222-1222.

Infographic titled Common Reasons Street Weed is Laced with Dangerous Substances. Reasons include making it more addictive, intensifying the high, adding weight for profit, and contamination with mold. A smoking pipe emits toxic fumes forming a skull symbol. Each reason is paired with a simple icon.

High-Risk Situations and Populations

Certain risk factors put some people at higher risk of health complications when they use marijuana. 

  • People with heart conditions or high blood pressure should be especially careful. Marijuana can make these conditions worse.
  • Young people under 25 face unique risks because their brains are still developing. Regular marijuana use during teen and young adult years15 can affect memory, learning, and mental health.
  • People with a personal or family history of mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or psychosis should be cautious. Marijuana can make these conditions worse or trigger new symptoms.
  • Pregnant people should avoid marijuana. It can affect the developing baby and lead to health problems.

Making Informed Decisions

If you choose to use marijuana, there are ways to reduce your risks:14

  • Read the labels on your products and understand the dose you’re taking.
  • Start with a very small amount, especially with edibles. Wait at least 2 hours before taking more.
  • Never drive after using marijuana. Plan ahead for safe transportation.
  • Don’t mix marijuana with alcohol or other drugs.
  • Keep cannabis products locked away from children and pets.
  • Avoid synthetic cannabinoids, which are known to cause adverse effects. The effects of these products are not at all like the effects of marijuana.

The CDC also advises against vaping marijuana:16

Oils and concentrates used in vaping and dabbing (which is a specific method of inhaling THC concentrates) often have highly concentrated forms of THC and may contain additives or be contaminated with other substances. The effects of using these more concentrated forms of THC are not well understood but may include higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder. Vaping has also been linked to lung injury.

Changing Attitudes Toward Marijuana Use

As recreational and medical marijuana becomes more widely accepted in many places, people tend to view it as harmless. While it’s true that marijuana is less dangerous than many other kinds of substance use, this shifting attitude has led some people to overlook its very real risks. 

These days, fewer teens believe marijuana is dangerous.17 This is a real concern, since research clearly shows that using marijuana heavily during the teenage years can get in the way of healthy development and daily functioning.

When to Get Help

Sometimes marijuana use can become a problem. If you’re using more than you planned to, feeling unable to cut back or stop, neglecting responsibilities at work or school, or continuing to use despite negative effects on your health or relationships, it could be a sign of marijuana addiction.

If you notice these signs or feel worried about your use of marijuana, talking to your therapist or primary care provider is a great place to start. They can help you understand your options and find support to make the changes you want. If you’re looking to quit using marijuana in an immersive, substance-free setting, residential rehab can be a great place to start your healing journey. Search for a marijuana addiction treatment program that meets your needs and reach out to a support specialist today.

FAQs

Q: Can you overdose on marijuana?

A: Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to overdose on cannabis. While such overdoses aren’t fatal like with alcohol or opioids, overconsumption can be very uncomfortable. In some cases, taking too much marijuana—especially via edibles—can cause severe reactions like temporary catatonia or even acute psychosis.

Q: Can marijuana use lead to death?

A: While marijuana doesn’t cause direct fatal overdoses, it can lead to death through indirect means. In one documented case from Colorado, a man died after consuming a cannabis cookie and jumping from a fourth-floor balcony. Excessive marijuana use can cause erratic behavior that may lead to accidents or risky decisions.

Q: What are the long-term health risks of marijuana use?

A: The long-term effects of marijuana use can include several serious health problems. Smoking marijuana can damage your lungs, leading to bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, and it increases the risk of head, neck, throat, and lung cancers. Regular use can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of developing mental health issues later in life. Young people are especially vulnerable to these side effects.

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What Is The Most Addictive Drug?

The most addictive drug varies from person to person. Some genetic mutations make certain drugs more addictive than others. Or, you might find yourself drawn to a seemingly “less addictive” drug, like nicotine, that feels just as powerful as a narcotic. 

With that said, scientists have narrowed down a few of the top addictive drugs. Their addictive potential comes from reactions, communications, and changes in the brain. 

But for each addictive drug, you have resources for recovery. You can speak with your care team to decide which route of treatment works best for you—like going to rehab. 

Heroin

Heroin comes from certain poppy plants. As an opioid, heroin is highly addictive and can change the structure of your brain1 over time. It usually comes from South America. Dealers often cut heroin with starches, sugars, or sedatives—some of which can have unpredictable and unwanted effects. 

Pure heroin looks like a white powder and tastes bitter. Impure heroin is called “black tar” for its sticky feel and dark color (from impurities). 

You can snort powdered heroin or smoke it. For black tar heroin, you can inject it into your veins or muscles once it’s been dissolved and diluted.

Heroin absorbs into mucous membranes in your nose and lungs—or, if you inject it intravenously, it dissolves directly into your bloodstream. 

Once ingested, heroin bonds to mu-opioid receptors in your brain and activates them2, which turns off GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons keep dopamine from rushing along your reward circuit. Once the opioid receptor turns GABAergic neurons off, dopamine runs free, which causes a rush of euphoria and a strong sense of general well-being. 

Activating the reward system like this tells your brain opioids are about as great as it gets. Add in the distressing withdrawal symptoms, and getting more can feel like an urgent need. And as you keep taking heroin, you’ll need higher doses to feel the same high as your first time2—which means you’ve built up a tolerance. 

Much of heroin’s danger lies in this rapid high-low pendulum swing.  Soon, you might need high doses to keep from feeling sick. Trying to chase your first high, you might accidentally overdose. 

Taking too much could cause your breathing to slow to null3. You might also feel constipated, nauseous, and extremely itchy. Long-term use can knock your neuronal and hormonal systems off balance4—sometimes permanently. 

Alcohol

As a depressant, alcohol suppresses the central nervous system. And, alcohol is both socially accepted and easy to get—a tricky combination. Alcohol causes a sense of happiness and well-being5, which activates your brain’s reward system. It sees alcohol as medicine and, eventually, as something you inherently need to survive. 

Because of its addictive nature and easy access, alcohol is one of the most dangerous substances to abuse6. Over half the visits to emergency rooms have something to do with alcohol. It’s also one of the 2 most-used substances, the other being nicotine. 

Different alcoholic drinks have different levels, or percentages, of alcohol. For example, an alcoholic seltzer drink is usually 5-8% alcohol; in something like vodka, the rate goes up to 40%. 

As with illicit drugs, you can build a tolerance to alcohol. So, you might need to add a splash of vodka to your seltzer or have an extra glass of wine to feel how you’re used to feeling on alcohol. The longer this continues, the more you’ll need to drink. 

Withdrawals include insomnia, anxiety, tremors, and seizures. For many, safely detoxing from alcohol requires medical supervision. 

Nicotine

Nicotine, like many other drugs, causes a release of dopamine7. But with nicotine, the rush isn’t quite as intense as something like heroin. Nicotine has such addictive power because of its repetitive nature7 and because you can use it with other activities (and substances). 

Smoking a cigarette or vaping can enhance the pleasure of other activities7, like watching a movie, partying, having a cup of coffee, or listening to music. Even though nicotine only adds to these activities, your brain still associates it as the source of joy in those situations. And so, you learn to keep smoking, subconsciously chasing satisfaction.

What used to be fun and motivating might seem boring or too mundane without the added boost from nicotine, so stopping can be challenging7. You might even feel like nothing’s enjoyable without smoking. That’s because nicotine represses your natural dopamine-release functions, and once they’ve been suppressed for so long, it can take time for your brain to adjust and provide its own. 

Though unpleasant, nicotine withdrawals won’t hurt you8. You may have a bad headache and experience cravings. You might also feel more anxious and hungry. But all withdrawal symptoms pass with time. 

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines, or benzos, subdue the central nervous system. They’re usually prescribed to help with anxiety, panic disorders, and insomnia9 for their calming, sedative effects. But benzos can also be highly addictive.

Some benzodiazepines can cause dependence faster than others. But usually, people use them with another drug9 to balance or complement other effects. Alcohol and benzos, for example, produce an enhanced calm but can dangerously suppress the central nervous system.

The benzodiazepine Rohypnol, AKA roofies, acts as a powerful sedative. Some misuse benzos like Rohypnol against others. But usually, benzodiazepines appeal for their countering effects against opioids and for self-sedation.

Benzodiazepine withdrawals9 can feel extremely uncomfortable. You could experience nightmares, anxiety, insomnia, psychosis, hyperpyrexia (extremely high fever), and convulsions. For those reasons, detoxing under medical supervision is a safer option. 

Methamphetamines

Doctors may prescribe the psychostimulant methamphetamine, or metamfetamine, to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)10. In healthy doses (for those who need it), methamphetamine’s effects resemble the brain’s fight-or-flight response10. This response  increases energy, alertness, and focus. But it’s also a drug of abuse with a high potential for addiction.

Methamphetamine looks like a white powder11 or crystal-like rocks. It’s relatively easy to make and cheap to buy. Many pseudo-scientists make methamphetamine in discreet labs, usually hidden off the beaten path.  But most meth comes from larger labs in Mexico and overseas countries. 

Methamphetamine releases dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine10, which contribute to pleasure, satisfaction, and alertness. Using methamphetamine for pleasure can cause binges, since the desired effects only last a few minutes. And because meth is one of the cheaper stimulants and easy to get, feeding the binges might not seem like a problem. 

But, as with other drugs, your brain changes with repeated doses. You might build up a tolerance12, prompting higher doses. Your brain may also stop producing dopamine and serotonin on its own. 

Methamphetamine withdrawals12 can cause cravings, depression, anxiety, violent behavior, confusion, insomnia, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis. 

Cocaine

Cocaine is another highly addictive stimulant13. It’s also one of the most common illicit drugs14 in America. 

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of dopamine14, meaning dopamine stacks up on dopamine receptors. This sends an intense rush of pleasure and stimulates the entire reward pathway15, causing your brain to see cocaine use as intrinsically rewarding. Even the sights, sounds, and places associated with cocaine use can trigger the need for a dose. 

As with many other drugs, you can become used to the effects of cocaine, or “tolerant”. You’ll need more and more to feel the same high as your first time. This puts you at risk for an overdose. New dangers also lie in adding vermisol to cocaine15, which is used as a cutting agent. Sometimes, fentanyl even makes its way in. 

The withdrawals from cocaine16 include insomnia, tremors, cravings, and hyperactivity. 

Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine is a smokeable version of regular cocaine17. So it’s also a stimulant, and addictive, but even more potent due to how it’s ingested. Before it’s smoked, crack cocaine looks like small rocks or crystals. 

The membranes in your lungs absorb crack cocaine18 easily and quickly, resulting in an almost immediate high. The high goes away faster than powder or liquid cocaine, which could prompt a binge—smoking until you run out of crack or money.  

The reinforcing action is even more powerful in crack cocaine17. Your brain thinks it’s a good idea to keep having more more often, trying to realize the pleasure it knows crack can give.

Barbiturates

Similar to benzodiazepines, barbiturates are a depressant19 generally used for anxiety, headaches, seizure prevention, and insomnia. Those who misuse this prescribed medication usually do to counter the effects of other drugs—typically stimulants like cocaine.

You can take barbiturates as a pill or liquid. Barbiturates make you feel sleepy, relaxed, and at ease19. They can also impair your memory and judgment, and make you irritable. You might also feel paranoid and suicidal.  

Overdosing on barbiturates19 causes your heart rate to rise, your breathing to slow, and your body temperature to lower. Overdoses can also cause comas and death.  

Methadone

Doctors prescribe methadone, a synthetic opioid20, to treat opioid use disorders (OUDs). It relieves cravings, reduces withdrawal symptoms, and doesn’t provide the same “rush” of euphoria as other opioids. At the correct dosage, these factors make methadone a valuable treatment element20 for OUDs. 

Part of what makes methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) effective is the low risk for addiction. And, in MMT, you don’t have to share needles or risk taking heroin, cocaine, etc., of unknown purity20. Doctor oversight adds another element of safety. 

But methadone does have an addictive element. The usual dose for OUD management ranges from 60+mgs20. Sometimes, patients in treatment buy extra doses from others or hoard doses to eventually get a euphoric effect from methadone. 

Taking too much methadone can cause dangerous effects, especially if you’re on other medications. Signs and symptoms of an overdose20 include dizziness, slurred speech, unconsciousness, slow pulse, shallow breathing, tiny pupils, and frothing at the mouth. 

Naloxone reverses the overdose effects of methadone20, as it does with other opioids. 

Marijuana

Marijuana, or weed, comes from the marijuana plant. Its addictive psychoactive properties lie in the THC21 (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in marijuana. You can ingest marijuana in many ways21—smoking the leaves, drinking it in tea, eating foods with weed, and smoking concentrated weed in the form of a sticky resin.

Weed produces a sense of relaxation22 and a milder feeling of euphoria. Weed can also make you pretty hungry (or, give you the munchies) and laugh easily. You’ll experience these effects right away if you smoke weed. 

Eating it slows the onset by a half hour or more, which could prompt you to redose, thinking it’s not working. Taking too much can cause anxiety, fear, paranoia, and panic22—the opposite of what weed usually feels like. Extremely high doses can even cause acute psychosis.  

Marijuana activates the reward system23 in your brain, causing a flood of dopamine to course along your reward pathway. After continued use, your brain teaches you to keep having weed as a way to feel reward and satisfaction. Continued usage can also impair your memory, learning abilities, and balance23.

Starting weed at a young age leads to a higher risk of addiction24. But anyone at any age can find themselves addicted, meaning they’d feel withdrawal symptoms and be completely unable to stop—even when they know they should. In states that don’t monitor distribution, the potency of THC continues to rise too. This creates consequences scientists and health professionals haven’t fully realized yet. 

But for each substance and its potential for addiction, you have opportunities to recover. 

Find Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Near You

The most addictive drug could vary widely from person to person. While one person might struggle to stop smoking cigarettes, someone else might not feel able to stop drinking—but drinking isn’t a problem for the first one. 

Fortunately, treatment for drug addiction caters to this variance. You can get the care you need at a residential rehab, outpatient facility, or detox unit. Your care team can help you decide which type and level of care will best meet your needs. 
To see a comprehensive collection of rehab facilities, you can browse our list of drug addiction rehabs to see photos, prices, reviews, insurance information, and more.