Tag: Mental Health

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Celebrity Recovery Stories

Celebrity recovery has long found itself in an unsavory spotlight. Magazines, paparazzi, and the general public place intense focus on the plight of suffering celebrities, often with an air of mockery. 

Celebrities coming forward with their addiction and recovery have started changing the lens of celebrity recovery stories. This is a far cry from old reports of a new celebrity in rehab suggesting culpability, shame, and judgment. 

Instead of making life unwaveringly easy, celebrity addiction stories suggest fame and fortune were not the cures to pain the general public may first assume. Despite the public scrutiny, many celebrities have recovered and inspired thousands on the way.

Elizabeth Taylor

Elizabeth Taylor was one of the first celebrities who acknowledged their addiction and advocated for recovery. She became addicted to prescription painkillers after a spinal surgery. She also struggled with alcohol addiction. 

Elizabeth Taylor decided to publicly announce her admittance to Betty Ford Center in 1983, Betty Ford’s first treatment center. By doing so, Elizabeth helped normalize the need for addiction treatment when such news was scarcely discussed, even in private.  

Though her famous career and life have since come to an end, Elizabeth showed many what living in recovery looks like—and that it’s achievable, even as a celebrity. A quote from ElizabethTaylor.com1 reads,

“Her willingness to remain open and honest, while under intense scrutiny, brought millions of people out of the darkness of shame and into the brilliance of healing.”

Jamie Lee Curtis

Jamie Lee Curtis nursed a secret addiction to alcohol and prescription drugs. She was prescribed Vicodin after a minor plastic surgery2, which she then took for years.

A friend finally caught her taking the pills and encouraged getting help. Jamie also stole Vicodin from her sister, who supported her in getting into treatment. 

Jamie has been sober since 1999; she revealed this to the public two years after gaining sobriety. She’s attended recovery meetings since her sobriety, sometimes hosting them herself in her set trailer. 

She was at first nervous she’d lose sponsorships and acting roles, but that was far from the case. Even in the earlier days of outspoken addiction recovery, her story was still widely well-received. 

Her public journey and commitment to the sober community have made her an encouragement to celebrities and non-celebrities in recovery.

Bradley Cooper

Bradley Cooper used alcohol, drugs, and “mean humor”3 to fit into the environment of Los Angeles actors. Despite his efforts, he realized he hadn’t made progress in becoming more popular—and was even doing the opposite.

In 2004, Bradley’s friend, Will Arnett, held an intervention to help him see the scope of his addiction and the harm it caused (forgetting to let his dog out all day after being on cocaine, for example). Cooper focused on his sobriety from that moment on and has been sober for almost 20 years.

Treatment also helped him grow his self-esteem and become confident without using substances to fit in. Now, he’s known to be generous, charming, and kind.  

Robert Downey Jr 

Robert Downey Jr’s experience with drugs began at age 64, when his father offered him marijuana. They used various substances together throughout his childhood. Downey Jr, like many others, was soon caught in the cycle of using to self-soothe and hide from the negative effects his addiction had on his life.

Robert Downey Jr has been arrested multiple times for drug use5 and spent a year in prison. After his third arrest, he checked himself into rehab and has stayed sober. A recent documentary featuring his late father details his recovery and history with addiction.

After becoming sober, Robert Downey Jr went on to have a wildly successful career. He speaks about his addiction and recovery to highlight the sobriety journey and offer his real-life success story.

Daniel Radcliffe

Daniel Radcliffe, best known for his role as Harry Potter, used alcohol to cope with the scrutiny and pressure6 of such a monumental role. He’s said his way of dealing with it was “just to drink more or get more drunk, so I did a lot of that for a few years.”

He would drink to forget he was being watched, then drink more to forget they were watching the “boy wizard” get drunk. As the movies drew to a close, Daniel continued to use alcohol to distance himself from the end and from figuring out who he was outside the role. 

With support from friends, he started his sobriety in 2010. He’s been sober since and enjoying new roles outside the wizarding world. 

Lindsay Lohan

Lindsay Lohan has a successful acting career freckled with jail time, arrests, and rehab. She described alcohol as a gateway drug for her, and she dabbled in cocaine to fit in with the party scene. 

She received her first DUI at age 207 and was in court for various drug/alcohol-related convictions 20 times from 2007-2012. A judge ordered her to go to court-ordered drug rehab in 2012. She credits that as what turned her life around. 

After regaining sobriety, Lindsay Lohan moved to the United Arab Emirates for a quieter, more anonymous life. She’s since gotten back into acting and helping others along their sobriety journeys.

Drew Barrymore

Drew Barrymore’s struggles with drugs and alcohol began as young as 9 years old. She attended rehab twice by age 128 and was hospitalized for 18 months following a suicide attempt and continued substance use. Her public struggles with addiction and mental health at first made it difficult to find roles. 

After her hospital stay, Drew emancipated from her parents. She eventually found success in acting again and married. She then divorced and married again later, having two children before a second divorce.

Her second divorce in 2016 drove her to alcohol use9. She says, “It was just trying to numb the pain and feel good—and alcohol totally did that for me.” An unnamed rehab facility and her daughters helped her recover.

Now, Drew Barrymore inspires other celebrities to talk about mental health and addiction on her talk show The Drew Barrymore Show and beyond.

Ben Affleck

Ben Affleck rose to fame in the early 90s. He went to rehab for alcoholism10 and a reset in 2001, then again in 2017 and 2018. 

A divorce in 2016 exacerbated his drinking. He went to rehab again, regained sobriety, and has since had relapses—some of which were famously documented. But he didn’t let that derail his recovery. 

Ben has become strong in his 12-Step program and, more generally, as a celebrity in recovery. He’s been quoted to say11, 

“It doesn’t really bother me to talk about alcoholism and being an alcoholic. It’s part of my life. It’s something that I deal with. It doesn’t have to sort of subsume my whole identity and be everything, but it is something that, you know, you have to work at.”

Demi Lovato

Demi’s first experience with drugs came when she was 13 and prescribed opioids after a car accident. Bullying and an early rise to fame led her to start cocaine in 2009, at age 17.

A sexual assault, and the coping skills she used after, eventually led her to treatment for self-harm and an eating disorder in 2010. There, she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder12. Demi checked into a sober home shortly after, in 2013.

Demi stayed sober for 6 years after years of heavy drinking and drug use (mainly cocaine). She highlighted her eating disorder recovery in 2017. But in July of 2018, she suffered a near-fatal heroin overdose13. After a 2-week hospital stay, Demi was released. 

She later relapsed on heroin, which served as another wake-up call. Demi got back into treatment and adopted a California sober approach to recovery, which meant she still used weed and alcohol in moderation. In the last couple years, she’s changed her approach to sober-sober14, or not drinking and using drugs in any amount.  

Now, Demi continues to take her journey day-by-day with an attitude of humility and hope.

John Mulaney

As one might expect, comedian John Mulaney describes his addiction with a unique level of hilarity. He first went to rehab in December 202015 after initially getting sober in his early twenties.

He became addicted to cocaine and prescription pain pills, which he kept on hand through shady (or clever) routes. One included buying and pawning a watch to purchase drugs with the cash. In other schemes, he went to low-rated doctors who he knew wouldn’t turn down the prescription requests of any new patient. 

At first, he feared the public’s response to his addiction and how it went against his public-facing demeanor. However, many received the news with little to no judgment, instead feeling glad he sought help. This highlights the upward swing in the public’s perception of addiction. 

He credits his friends and their intervention as what got him to get help. Reflecting on his 3-year sobriety, he says, “​​I used to care what everyone thought about me so much…And I don’t anymore. Because I can honestly say, ‘What is someone gonna do to me that’s worse than what I would do to myself?'”

Start Your Recovery Journey

Time has shown the deep humanity of celebrities, despite what the media might have us believe. Their stardom doesn’t save them from suffering; but it can make them excellent advocates for recovery. Money and fame didn’t make them recover. Their own personal choices and efforts did. 

Whether or not you’re a famous actor, comedian, or other celebrity, you have resources for your recovery. Celebrity addiction stories highlight that truth. A residential rehab could provide the safe, structured environment you need to begin, and maintain, your recovery.
You can browse our list of rehabs to see photos, reviews, insurance information, and more all in one place.

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Psychedelic Therapy: A New Treatment for PTSD

Psychedelic therapy has been gaining traction and creating a reputable name for itself in the recovery community. The curiosity around psychedelic treatment for mental health began in the 1950s1 (although medicinal psychedelic use originates back hundreds of years) when LSD showed initial therapeutic promise in human trials. In the mid 1960s, a legislative ban was placed on this research. 

Fast forward to 1994, psychedelics such as psilocybin were approved once again for research in the United States. Today, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)2 serves as the foundation for human neuroimaging, psychology, and psychopharmacology studies with psychedelics.

Psychedelic therapy is becoming more and more common among providers, specifically for disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. This new age approach to healing offers patients a plethora of benefits, especially for those who do not resonate with traditional therapies. 

What Is Psychedelic Therapy?

Psychedelic therapy uses psychedelic substances such as psilocybin (naturally occurring in magic mushrooms), MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy), and LSD within a controlled therapeutic setting. Their therapeutic use can facilitate mental health recovery and personal growth.

Psychedelics alter your state of consciousness3, usually producing positive changes in perception, thought patterns, emotions, and a sense of interconnectedness. Each psychedelic is slightly different in how it affects your mind and body, but research has shown a positive association between psychedelic use and mental health1.

Through psychedelic treatment, qualified professionals can reach deeper into patients’ thoughts, feelings, and consciousness. This allows therapy sessions to reveal challenges that may be harder to process in traditional therapy. It’s unlocking new ways of healing. 

How Psychedelics Affect the Brain

When you’re using psychedelic substances, your brain functions differently. You can visually see this on an EEG or CAT scan showing the difference between normal brain functioning and a brain on psychedelics.  

Brain%20on%20Psychedelics

This image shows an increase of brain connectivity and blood flow4.

Psychedelics cause a disruption of electrical synchronicity in the brain5. This asynchronicity produces an “entropic” state, or an increase in connectivity between brain networks that may not typically communicate with each other. This can lead to a more integrated experience of thoughts, sensations, and emotions. Psychedelics can boost creativity and problem solving6 through the increased connectivity. And they can elevate mood.

Researchers and mental health professionals then use this connectivity to help patients open up about their emotions and process difficult memories and feelings.

Psychedelics for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Psychedelics show great promise to the mental health recovery community. Specifically, psilocybin and MDMA may have positive implications for PTSD recovery.

How Psychedelics Help a Brain with PTSD

Psilocybin

Psilocybin stimulates neurogenesis7—the growth and repair of brain cells—particularly in the hippocampus, responsible for memory and emotion. Neuron regrowth in this specific brain region allows PTSD patients to reframe and process traumatic memories in a less distressing way. 

MDMA

Bessel van der Kolk8, one of the top experts on trauma, dove into researching the promising effects of MDMA recovery for patients with severe PTSD. Two months after participating in the study, more than 66% of those who were administered MDMA no longer had diagnosable PTSD9. 

Why? MDMA can enhance trust, empathy, and communication between the patient and therapist. It reduces fear and anxiety responses while increasing emotional openness. This helps PTSD patients to revisit and process traumatic memories in a more controlled and comfortable manner.

Psychedelics as a Whole

Psychedelics bolster trauma processing by temporarily reducing activity in the Default Mode Network (DMN)10, responsible for rumination and mind wandering. These thought processes are commonly associated with mental health conditions like PTSD. Decreasing activity in this region prevents painful thoughts from coming up when talking about traumatic experiences.

Psychedelics also improve overall brain functioning. Mental health conditions often result in neuron atrophy, or neuron destruction, in the prefrontal cortex11. Studies have shown that psychedelics can boost neuroplasticity in the brain, meaning they can help the expansion of these neural networks. Rebuilding damage in the brain leaves room for mental health growth and learning new coping skills.  

What Does This Mean for PTSD Patients?

Psychedelic therapy offers PTSD patients a new way to heal. With a qualified therapist, you may be able to explore areas of yourself you have hidden due to trauma. 

The increased emotional intensity that psychedelics generate can help patients confront and process repressed emotions, traumas, and unresolved issues, potentially leading to therapeutic breakthroughs.

Many patients also gain new insights and ideas while on psychedelics, which is particularly helpful when exploring personal challenges or problem solving.

Psychedelics can enhance emotional regulation and resilience. MDMA in particular has been associated with increased empathy, trust, and emotional openness, which can help patients better manage intense emotions related to their trauma.

The Treatment Process

If you’re interested in adding psychedelic therapy to your treatment plan, you can expect your sessions to be monitored by trained professionals in a safe environment. Before the session, the therapist will conduct an extensive assessment to ensure that you are a suitable candidate for psychedelic therapy. They should also try to identify any potential risks. 

At your session, you’ll relax in a comfortable position, typically lying down with eye shades and headphones to minimize external distractions and enhance introspection. The carefully measured psychedelic dosage aligns with your body weight and previous experiences.

During the psychedelic experience, you’ll do some emotional exploration. Your therapist will help guide your thoughts, emotions, memories, and sensations. You’ll talk about specific traumatic experiences you’ve experienced. The therapist may ask open-ended questions, help you through challenging emotions, or offer reassurance. 

After the session is complete, your therapist will stay with you and ensure you’re comfortable until you stop feeling the psychedelic effects. 

You and your therapist will integrate the lessons and insights you’re learning into the rest of your treatment plan and daily life. This may involve setting intentions for future growth and healing. 

Finding Qualified Psychedelic Therapy

Finding a qualified clinic for your psychedelic therapy experience is crucial to guarantee you have safe and effective sessions. 

First, research clinics in your area (and make sure this therapy is legal in your state/country). If you don’t know where to start, ask your primary care doctor for recommendations. The treatment team should have a background in psychology, counseling, psychiatry, or a related field. The therapists should also have additional training in psychedelic-assisted therapy. Make sure they have experience administering this treatment.

Then, schedule a consultation with the practice. You can ask questions like

  • What safety guidelines do you have in place?
  • What are your therapists’ qualifications?
  • Can sessions be tailored to my specific needs?
  • How long will my sessions last? How many sessions will I have?
  • How much do your sessions cost? Will insurance cover them?

If you feel comfortable after talking to the clinic, then you may be on your way to beginning your psychedelic therapy sessions.

Benefits and Risks

Psychedelic therapy shows the potential to be a major player in PTSD recovery; however, this is an emerging form of therapy. It’s always best to check with your doctor to see if you’re a fit. Before you start treatment, a psychedelic therapy clinic should complete a comprehensive physical and mental health assessment. 

Psychedelic therapy benefits patients not only by improving mental health but it’s also a great approach for people with treatment-resistant PTSD12. Psychedelic effects can break through hard to reach areas in the brain by promoting deep self-reflection and insight. 

Psychedelics don’t cause addiction or withdrawal5, making this therapy a viable option for PTSD patients with co-occurring substance use disorders. 

However, the psychedelic field is still growing. There is still a lack of long-term clinical trials to fully understand the benefits and risks of psychedelic therapy. And without proper supervision, psychedelics can produce intense and unpredictable experiences. They can also trigger psychotic episodes in patients vulnerable to psychosis, so thorough screening is essential.

Receiving treatment at qualified practices that supervise sessions and provide a clean, safe space will likely guarantee that you have a positive session. 

Legality and Ethics

While some regions have decriminalized psychedelics or keep them regulated for medical use, psychedelics are illegal in many parts of the world; however, many areas are reevaluating their potential therapeutic applications. For example, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted “breakthrough therapy” status to some psychedelic compounds13, which expedites their development as treatment for specific mental health conditions such as PTSD and depression.

Psychedelic therapy is ethical for patients so long as they give informed consent and are aware of the potential risks. They should have proper screening and risk assessment to identify if they’re at greater risk of adverse reactions, such as a personal or family history of mental illness or certain medical conditions. And before the session, the therapist should explain the psychedelic experience, so the patient knows what to expect. 

The Future of Psychedelic Therapy

The movement behind therapeutic psychedelic use will likely continue growing. Expanding research explores the potential of psychedelics in treating a broader range of mental health conditions outside of PTSD, including addiction, eating disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the FDA and other regulatory agencies are actively reviewing clinical trials using psychedelics, so more approvals for medical psychedelic treatments may come. From there, psychedelic therapy is likely to become more integrated into mainstream mental health care. 

While the road ahead is not linear, psychedelic therapy may become a staple in healthcare. So long as this therapy has continued research and education, and responsible use, it will continue to make a difference in people’s lives. 

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How to Help Someone with Schizophrenia: Strategies for Care

Schizophrenia is almost always a severe and disabling mental health disorder. Managing this condition is usually a lifelong process; however, with the right care and professional treatment, it is possible to live a healthy and fulfilling life with this disorder. 

If you know someone navigating this condition, you can offer support during this crucial time by helping them find professional treatment for schizophrenia.

Understanding Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric condition that is characterized by a disruption in thought patterns, sensory perception, reactions to emotions, and connections with others.  Symptoms of this disorder usually appear during late adolescence or early adulthood, with the most common symptoms being hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. These symptoms can have a major influence on every area of a person’s life.

Schizophrenia’s long-term effects can vary depending on factors such as your loved one’s treatment plan, medication management, when they started treatment, and overall health. Some common long-term effects of schizophrenia include: 

  • Reduced emotional expression
  • Less motivation to accomplish goals
  • Difficulty with social relationships
  • Motor and cognitive impairment

Myths about Schizophrenia

While this disorder can be complicated, there are a few things that schizophrenia is not. 

Myth #1: People with schizophrenia are violent and dangerous. Inherently, people with schizophrenia are not violent. They are actually 14 times more likely to be victimized compared to being the perpetrator.

Myth #2: Schizophrenia is directly caused by a bad childhood or a traumatic event. Schizophrenia is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. It’s a complex interplay of various factors. Parenting style or a single traumatic event does not cause schizophrenia. 

Myth #3: Schizophrenia is untreatable. While there is no cure for schizophrenia, it is a treatable condition. Antipsychotic medications, therapy, and psychosocial interventions can help manage this condition.

Myth #4: People with schizophrenia can’t work or lead meaningful lives. With proper treatment, support, and management, many people with schizophrenia can have fulfilling lives, maintain jobs, and have meaningful relationships. 

Educating Yourself

Schizophrenia is a very complex condition. The more you know about the disorder, and what your loved one is going through, the better equipped you both are to navigate it.

Doing your own research and talking to a medical professional who’s knowledgeable about schizophrenia ensures that you have a well-rounded understanding of the disorder. Reading up on the condition can provide you with a basic understanding of the symptoms, treatments, and potential risks associated with the illness. And speaking with a doctor can provide you with personalized insights and information. Doing both of these can ensure that you are as informed as possible.

Professional Help for Schizophrenia

In all cases, people with schizophrenia need professional help. And the earlier they get treatment, the better chance they have to live a fulfilling life. You can help them find appropriate resources, make appointments, or go with them to appointments if they are okay with that. 

Contact a mental health professional, like a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist, to develop a treatment plan. If you are having trouble finding an available professional, go to your primary care physician first. They will be able to refer you to the appropriate person. 

From here, incorporating therapy into their routine will be key. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and social and life skills training can help your loved one learn coping strategies, manage symptoms, and improve social skills. They’ll learn new ways of thinking about and managing their hallucinations and delusions.

Medication Management

Medication management is a cornerstone to treating schizophrenia. Your loved one will be prescribed antipsychotic medication. There are 2 groups of antipsychotics—first-generation, or “typical,” and second-generation, or “atypical.” These both affect the dopamine receptors in the brain, and second-generation also affect the serotonin receptors. Talk to your doctor to see which medication is right for their needs. They may also need prescriptions to manage co-occurring disorders, like substance use or depression. 

Combining medication with therapeutic interventions can be very effective in keeping symptoms under control and providing a more fulfilling life. Your doctor should regularly check in to ensure that the medication is working properly and monitor for any potential side effects. If you notice the medications have adverse side effects, or making schizophrenia symptoms worse, seek help from a medical professional right away. 

Navigating Crisis Situations

When someone with schizophrenia is in crisis, it’s crucial to recognize the warning signs to ensure their safety and well-being. Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that could result in the person harming themselves or someone else. Seek professional help promptly if you see your loved one experiencing these signs:

  • Symptoms suddenly get worse
  • Social withdrawal
  • Intense paranoia
  • Resistance to treatment or medications
  • Decline in personal hygiene

If you believe the person is in immediate danger, do not leave them alone. Try to keep them in a safe, controlled environment. With a professional, develop a crisis management plan that outlines steps they can take when they experience elevated hallucinations or delusions. Include emergency contacts, coping strategies, and resources they can turn to for support.

Your Role in Their Recovery

Supporting someone with schizophrenia requires patience, understanding, and a compassionate approach. Your loved one will likely need some guidance, at least in the beginning of their recovery journey. But with your help, they can live a full, rewarding life.

Supporting Daily Living

A key element of your loved one’s treatment plan will be creating a structured routine. Help them build a daily schedule that includes regular meal times, medication management, and designated relaxation or leisure activities. Encourage healthy habits, such as proper nutrition and exercise. Offer to join them in this healthy lifestyle to keep them motivated. 

You can also help them maintain connections with friends, family, and support groups. Social activities can keep them from isolating and the negative effects that has on their mood.

Run through their crisis management plan regularly. Be sure that they have all the tools and skills to successfully navigate difficult symptoms, especially if you’re not there to support them in the moment.

Managing Symptoms and Challenges

Outside of therapy and medication, your loved one will also learn and practice coping skills for their symptoms. They should primarily be aware of the places, people, and things that trigger their hallucinations or delusions. They can, at first, avoid these stimuli and later work through their triggering effects. If symptoms do arise, they can manage them in a few ways:

  • Reality Testing: They can remind themselves that the hallucination is not real. Challenge the experience by asking, “Is there any evidence that supports this?”
  • Distraction: Reading, drawing, or doing puzzles, helps shift focus away from hallucinations.
  • Grounding Techniques: Your loved one can describe what they see, touch, hear, smell, and taste to help ground themselves in reality.
  • Positive Self-Talk: They can repeat affirmations or calming statements to counteract hallucinations’ negative or distressing messages.

While you can be an anchor during hard moments, make sure your loved one has consistent help and direct contact with a professional.

Patience and Empathy

Talking to someone with schizophrenia allows you to show empathy, patience, and understanding. Ask them how they feel or what they’re experiencing to show that you genuinely care and want to listen. Ensure they know you’re there for them and that they don’t have to go through this alone. And celebrate small achievements along the way because recovery is more fun when you give yourself credit for all the work you’re putting in. 

Their progress might be gradual, so show your loved one, and yourself, compassion. Be sure to prioritize your own well-being. While this process can be rewarding, taking time for yourself is important. Lean on friends and family for support.
There is hope for the person in your life who has schizophrenia. With a little guidance, and professional schizophrenia treatment, they can unlock the door to a fulfilling life.

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How to Help Someone Who Is Suicidal

If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, call 911 or visit the nearest emergency room. If the person is not currently in crisis, talk to a mental health professional, a helpline, or emergency services in your country. Many countries have crisis helplines that offer support and assistance to individuals in distress. The United States Suicide Hotline is 988, and the US number to message for a crisis text line is 741741. If you live outside of the United States, you can find your country’s emergency number in this list.

If you are supporting someone close to you who is struggling with suicidal thoughts, it is essential to take a sensitive and earnest approach. There can be many underlying factors that contribute to suicidal ideation, and seeking expert assistance is always strongly recommended.

What Are the Signs of Suicide?

Recognizing warning signs of suicidality can save a life. While these signs are unique to each person, some common ones that might indicate a person is experiencing suicidal thoughts include:

Sign #1: Expressing thoughts of hopelessness or having no reason to live

Sign #2: Talking about wanting to die or kill oneself

Sign #3: Engaging in reckless behavior or taking unnecessary risks

Sign #4: Withdrawing from social activities and isolating oneself from others

Sign #5: Exhibiting extreme mood swings or displaying sudden changes in behavior

Sign #6: Expressing feelings of being trapped or having no way out of a situation

Sign #7: Giving away personal belongings or making final arrangements

Sign #8: Increased use of alcohol or drugs

Sign #9: Sudden improvement or calmness following a period of depression or sadness (this may indicate a decision to attempt suicide)

Sign #10: A final goodbye conversation

Suicidal Thoughts Vs. Suicidal Ideation

Suicidal ideation and suicidal thoughts are intertwined concepts that have distinct characteristics. While both involve contemplating suicide, they differ in terms of the depth of the thought process and the amount of planning involved.

Suicidal thoughts are any thoughts of ending your life. This is usually less intense than ideation and is just a more general feeling of not wanting to live. Someone experiencing this could find a successful recovery in outpatient or residential treatment. If you know someone with suicidal thoughts, call 911 or 988. You can also text the US crisis text line: 741741.

Suicidal ideation is a thought-out suicide plan. The thoughts leading up to this are usually more intense and persistent and include a chosen method, timing, and specific actions they’re going to take. Someone with suicidal ideation should receive care in an inpatient setting, either at a hospital or a rehabilitation center. If you know someone has a plan and resources to commit suicide, call 911 and/or visit the nearest emergency room.

What Are Ways to Help Someone Who Is Suicidal? 

If someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide, take their situation seriously and provide support. You can be an invaluable source of guidance and comfort for them during their recovery journey; however, it is important to remember that it is essential to find professional help.

Help Keep Them Safe

If you believe the person is in immediate danger, do not leave them alone. Try to remove any items from their space that they could use for self-harm or suicide. Develop a safety plan that outlines steps they can take when they experience suicidal feelings or distress. Include emergency contacts, coping strategies, and resources they can turn to for support.

Encourage Professional Help

Encourage your loved one to seek professional help. You can help them find appropriate resources, make appointments, or accompany them to appointments if they are comfortable with you joining. Give them information about suicide prevention hotlines that they can contact for immediate support.

Offer Hope 

Offering hope to someone who is suicidal can be a powerful way to support them during a difficult time. Share recovery stories and celebrate any progress they make, no matter how small. Encourage them to envision a future where things can improve. And explore their goals and dreams with them.

Follow-Up 

After the initial intervention, continue to check in on them regularly. Knowing that someone cares and is available to listen can be very comforting. If allowed, check in with their care team to ensure they’re following through with their safety and treatment plans.

How to Talk to Someone Who Is Suicidal

Talking to someone who is suicidal can be an opportunity to show your empathy, patience, and understanding. For this conversation, find a quiet and private space. Approach the conversation with a calm and non-judgmental attitude. Show that you genuinely care and want to listen. And be clear that you’re concerned about them.

Encourage them to share their feelings and thoughts by asking open-ended questions like, “can you tell me what you’ve been going through?” or “how have you been feeling lately?” 

Acknowledge their feelings by saying “Tell me how you are feeling, I want to hear you,” or “I am here for you. Tell me how I can help you.” If you feel comfortable, ask them if they’re feeling suicidal, so that you know what type of support to get them. Empathize with what they’re experiencing—they’ll be more likely to trust you for help.

Be patient with your loved one. They are going through a challenging time, so let them talk at their own pace. Stay calm and collected when they tell you about their feelings. Make sure they know that you’re there for them and that they don’t have to go through this alone. Remind them that seeking help is a positive step.

Where to Get Help for Suicide?

Finding Immediate Help

Help is always available. If someone is in a life-threatening situation, call 911 and/or take them to an emergency room and stay with the person until they have medical help. If you live outside of the United States, you can find your country’s emergency number in this list.

Call a Hotline

If your loved one is currently safe, you can call the United States Suicide Hotline: 988. The number provides 24/7, confidential support to anyone in crisis. Another number to call is the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) or text “HOME” to 741741 to connect with a trained crisis counselor via text message.

Find a Mental Health Professional

Once you have assured your loved one’s safety and have talked with a hotline and/or doctor, you can consult a mental health professional, like a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist, to develop their treatment plan. If you are having trouble finding an available professional, go to your primary care physician first. They can refer you to the appropriate person. 

Talk Therapy

Mental health professionals are trained to help people with suicidal thoughts. They can provide therapy, medication management, and coping strategies. Talk therapy may be a big part of their recovery plan. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and psychodynamic therapy are just some of the therapies they might participate in. Therapy can help your loved one develop coping skills, challenge negative thought patterns, and improve their emotional regulation.

Medication Management

In some cases, doctors may prescribe medication to address underlying mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. They might prescribe antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or anti-anxiety medications. For the best results, use prescribed medication management with talk therapy.

Support Network

Finally, rally a support network for your loved one. This is essential to keep them on the track to recovery. Kind words of compassion and motivation to keep going can help them on their journey. 

Additional Support for Suicide 

If your loved one needs intensive care for suicide, then a residential rehab that treats suicidality or an inpatient psychiatric hospital may be the best fit for them. Here, they will have 24/7 support and supervision from trained nurses and professionals. They’ll be able to grow and heal in a safe environment, separate from the triggers in their daily lives. 

These programs offer a variety of therapeutic interventions, including individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and psychoeducation. Therapists address the underlying issues contributing to suicidal thoughts and work on building healthy coping skills. They will also create a safety plan.

After completing the residential program, clients typically transition to outpatient care. A thorough discharge plan ensures a smooth transition and ongoing support.
Recovery is possible. Healing is possible. If you know someone that needs help, call 911 or the United States Suicide Hotline: 988.

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How to Get Mental Health Treatment if You Can’t Afford It

There are ways to afford therapy, even under financial constraints. From different therapy formats to low- or no-cost care, you can support your mental well-being on a budget. 

Mental health treatment can be expensive. And unfortunately, cost is one of the main barriers to getting help. Here are some alternatives to private, full-cost care:

Getting Mental Health Treatment Through Health Insurance

If you have health insurance, your provider may help cover mental health treatment costs. Insurers must offer the same level of coverage for both mental health conditions and physical health. That means many plans cover mental health services, like therapy and medication. It’s important to review your policy to learn what’s covered and what your out-of-pocket expenses might be. For details on deductibles, copayments, the number of therapy sessions covered, and more, you should call your provider directly. 

If you have a health insurance plan through Medicaid, you’re eligible for mental health benefits.1 These plans cover mental health conditions, serious mental illness, and substance use disorders. Out-of-pocket costs vary by state. In some states, co-payment for therapy2 is between $2 to $4 per session. 

What Are Your Alternatives?

Besides health insurance, there are other ways to get mental health treatment without breaking the bank. 

Find a Provider Who Accepts a Sliding-Scale Fee

Some providers accept a sliding-scale fee. That means they adjust costs based on your income. Certain private-practice therapists and rehab centers accept this payment structure. During an initial call with a potential provider, ask if they offer a sliding-scale fee and their criteria for eligibility. Some may also offer pro bono services for those who can’t afford a fee. 

Enroll in Virtual Therapy 

Virtual therapy is an increasingly popular way to get mental health treatment. It’s generally more affordable than in-person visits. A virtual therapy session in the U.S. costs3 between $65 to $129, on average. In-person therapy usually lands between $100 to $200 per session. 

Several rehabs also offer online therapy with different levels of care. Common options include one-on-one therapy, virtual intensive outpatient programs (IOPs), and stepped-down care following inpatient rehab. Online therapy lets you save on travel expenses and gives you access to expert care from the comfort of your home. 

Join Group Therapy (Versus One-on-One)

Group therapy is an affordable alternative to individual therapy. In some cases, group therapy is half the cost of one-on-one therapy.4 Sessions typically involve 6 to 12 patients led by one or more therapists. This fosters connections that are important to the healing process. Several studies show group therapy is as effective as individual therapy.5 

Ask About an Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

If you’re employed, your workplace may offer an Employee Assistance Program. Nearly 98% of mid to large companies in the U.S. offer EAPs.6 These programs provide confidential support to employees dealing with personal challenges, including mental health concerns. Most EAPs include counseling sessions at no cost to employees. Ask your human resources department about exactly what’s covered. 

See a Provider-in-Training

Therapists-in-training offer a low-cost alternative to licensed pracitioners. They’re usually student interns or working towards a Ph.D. in psychology. A therapist-in-training practices under the guidance of an experienced clinician and can provide counseling. Sessions often start at $60, compared to $100 for a licensed therapist. You can find a therapist-in-training at universities, training institutions, and certain community programs. If your mental health concerns are more complex, you may require a more experienced mental health professional. 

Find a Support Group

Navigating mental health challenges alone is isolating. It’s often reassuring to find others who share your experience. That’s exactly what support groups provide. In these regular meetings, facing similar issues come together to offer emotional support, share stories, hold each other accountable, and more. Support groups are usually free. You can find groups for various mental health concerns:

Explore Community Programs

Community programs are a valuable resource for affordable mental health care. Local organizations, non-profits, and community mental health centers (CMHCs) offer free or low-cost care. Services range from therapy and support groups to workshops and more. 

Each state has a government website (.gov) with information about community mental health centers in the area. For example, Massachusetts’ CMHC website includes a directory with local contact details. The cost of treatment will depend on your location, income, and insurance status. Some CMHCs offer free treatment, while others charge a sliding-scale fee. Once eligible, you’ll be assigned a therapist who will work with you to lay out a treatment plan.

Read Self-Help Books

Self-help books are a cost-effective way to find inspiration and learn more about coping with mental health issues. While they’re not a substitute for treatment, they provide people with a better understanding of their situation—and often, hope. Popular self-help books are written by licensed psychologists7 offering professional advice. Since you can find them at your local library or online, they’re an accessible way to support your healing journey.

Explore Additional Resources to Support Your Well-Being

Taking care of your mental health is extremely important. And you have ways to give yourself the care you need without breaking your budget—though the process may not always feel straightforward. By learning about your mental health treatment options, you’re already moving in the right direction.   

Frequently Asked Questions About Affording Mental Health Treatment

What are some low-cost alternatives for mental health treatment?

Low-cost mental health treatment is available. Some providers offer sliding-scale fees with costs based on income. Virtual and group therapy are often more cost-effective than in-person, individual treatment. For example, virtual therapy costs between $65 to $129 per session while in-person therapy is usually $100 to $200. Community mental health centers offer affordable treatment, often based on your income.

What is sliding-scale therapy and how does it work?

Some therapists accept a sliding-scale fee, meaning they adjust rates based on your income. This pay-what-you-earn model makes treatment more affordable for people with financial constraints. Certain rehabs also accept a sliding-scale fee, while others focus on providing affordable treatment.

Are there government programs that offer affordable mental health treatment? 

Yes, government-funded programs and community mental health centers provide low-cost or free mental health services. Treatment costs vary depending on your state, income, and insurance status. You can find information about community mental health centers in your area by checking your local government website. There are also several free resources to learn more about mental health treatment options.

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Drug-Induced Psychosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Drug-induced psychosis can be caused by a number of substances, and can trigger underlying mental health conditions. Here’s how to recognize a psychotic episode, what to do if someone you know is having one, and how to go about getting treatment for long-term recovery.

Definition and Causes

According to the American Psychological Association, drug-induced psychosis (DIP) is “a psychotic state resulting from use or abuse of a variety of illicit or therapeutic substances.” Whether from prolonged use, high levels of use, or substances that are more likely to cause a negative reaction, DIP is an extreme reaction that requires immediate care. Substances alone can cause psychotic episodes, or they can trigger underlying mental health conditions. Drug-induced psychosis can also happen during withdrawals. 

Certain substances are known to more commonly trigger psychosis.

Common Substances Linked to Psychosis

Substances like hallucinogens, stimulants, and some prescription drugs can trigger psychotic episodes. While a variety of factors may lead to this acute mental state, certain substances have a known history of being linked with psychosis. 

Stimulant or Amphetamine Psychosis

It’s not uncommon for people who use stimulants like meth regularly to experience psychosis, usually as a result of sleep deprivation combined with the drug’s effects. This “transient psychosis”2 usually takes place during use and subsides after coming down. Using sedatives like opioids or benzos to sleep off a meth binge can also increase this risk. Researchers say “There is ongoing debate about whether the amphetamines themselves produce the psychotic symptoms,3 if they unmask vulnerabilities in individuals already susceptible to psychosis, or both.” 

Synthetic Drugs

Also known as bath salts, designer drugs, or novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the clinical world, these chemical compounds are known to cause intense, unpredictable effects. As synthetic drug use continues to rise, so do a range of “new psychoses”4 that differ from psychotic episodes clinicians have seen in the past. 

The adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids5 (such as K2 and Spice) can include “paranoia, catatonia, dissociation, auditory, and/or visual hallucinations.” These drugs can also trigger psychosis in people with underlying psychotic disorders. 

Marijuana and Schizophrenia

Consuming high doses of cannabis can sometimes result in a form of drug-induced psychosis that includes symptoms like “delusions of being controlled by an outside force,6 grandiose identity, persecution, thought insertion, auditory hallucinations, altered perceptions, and emotional blunting.” There’s also a possibility that marijuana can trigger schizophrenic episodes,7 or cause earlier onset of schizophrenia. 

A range of other substances can also cause drug-induced psychosis:

  • Alcohol 
  • Cocaine 
  • Dissociatives such as PCP and ketamine 
  • Hallucinogens such as LSD or mushrooms 
  • Prescription drugs (opioids, antidepressants, etc.) 

Your likelihood of psychotic symptoms may have to do with your individual sensitivity to certain drugs. Some substances, like synthetic drugs, can cause severe reactions within just one use—regardless of your tolerance.

Symptoms of Drug-Induced Psychosis

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms can be grouped into 3 categories: 

1. Thoughts 

Someone experiencing psychosis might have delusions like thinking they have special powers, or being paranoid that someone is following them. Hallucinations—sensory experiences that aren’t based in reality—are also very common.  

2. Feelings

Drug-induced psychosis usually involves some combination of fear, agitation, and confusion. Someone might experience a roller coaster of emotions: being angry one minute, and depressed and lethargic the next. 

3. Behaviors  

Someone in this state might have a hard time remembering things or being present in conversations. They may laugh at things that aren’t funny or otherwise respond inappropriately to situations. They’ll likely have trouble interpreting social cues or being aware of their surroundings.  

Drug-induced psychotic episodes can be highly dangerous. They can even be fatal if someone is seriously injured due to erratic behavior, or has a physiological response to their heightened state, such as cardiorespiratory collapse.8 

That’s why it’s important to recognize early warning signs. The most common symptoms of DIP9 include distorted perceptions, hallucinations, disorientation, and memory problems.

How Long Does Drug-Induced Psychosis Last?

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms typically appear quickly, setting in shortly after use. In most cases, they go away within a few days or so—but not always. Some people experience lingering symptoms for weeks or even months after the episode. And for those who have an underlying mental health condition triggered by DIP, the experience can be life-changing. 

Can DIP Be Permanent or Long-Term?

Whether or not you incur long-term effects of drug-induced psychosis has to do with a few factors. One study found that while most people with substance-induced psychotic disorders eventually recovered,10 “those who started illegal drug use early, used drugs for prolonged periods, or had a family history of psychiatric illnesses were more likely to develop a chronic psychosis.” The same study found that 60% of patients’ symptoms went away within a month, 30% had symptoms lasting 1-6 months, and 10% had long-term symptoms or a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Those patients more commonly had a family history of mental illness, and had been using drugs longer. 

The duration of symptoms can also depend on what substance that caused the episode. One study on psychosis from synthetic cannabinoid use11 said “The protracted presence of psychotic symptoms well beyond acute intoxication—sometimes lasting months—is concerning.” Other research found that for those who have psychotic reactions to synthetic cannabinoids,12 the “effects are usually transient and resolve within 5 to 8 days; however, up to one-third of patients will transition to schizophrenia.”

It’s important to keep in mind that for most people who experience DIP, symptoms resolve relatively quickly. If you’re concerned about symptoms you have, it’s vital to get an accurate diagnosis from a professional.

Risk Factors and Vulnerability

Drug Sensitivity

Some people simply have stronger reactions to substances. “People who have experienced psychosis tend to be particularly sensitive to the effects of drugs13 and can experience negative effects even at very low levels of use,” explains researcher Frances Kay-Lambkin.

Using the Same Substance Again

Chances of another psychotic episode14 also go up drastically if you use the same drug again. The good news is that this can be avoided by abstaining from that drug. One study on cannabis-related DIP15 found that “patients who completely abstained from cannabis after the 1st episode of Cannabis-Induced psychosis had no relapse of psychiatric illness.”   

Genetics and Environment

Genetics can also play a role. “Primary and drug-induced psychosis seems to be genetically interlinked,”16 say neuropathology researchers Vahid Farnia and Senobar Golshani. For example, “Relatives of amphetamine users with a history of amphetamine psychosis are five times more at risk of developing schizophrenia compared with amphetamine users without a history of psychosis.” 

Pre-Existing Mental Health Conditions

People with pre-existing mental illnesses are at higher risk of drug-induced psychosis.17 Some people with psychotic disorders—whether or not they’re diagnosed—self-medicate with drugs or alcohol. Substance use, in turn, worsens symptoms of mental health conditions. Some symptoms of drug-induced psychosis overlap with those of some mental health disorders, making it hard to tell what the exact cause is. 

Differentiating From Underlying Mental Illness

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms are similar to other psychotic disorders, but they typically come on suddenly (after drug use) and go away faster. But underlying conditions, co-occurring disorders and the unpredictable nature of DIP makes it complex to diagnose. Untangling the difference between a drug-induced psychotic episode and a primary psychotic disorder can be difficult, even for professionals. 

“A struggling clinical dilemma is how to clearly identify a substance-induced psychosis from a primary psychotic illness or a psychotic illness with comorbid substance use,” say researchers on substance-induced psychoses.18 And differentiating between the two is necessary for effective treatment. 

Because symptoms of psychoses can be similar19 regardless of their origin, clinicians may use a patient’s clinical history, as well as detailed assessments, to make a diagnosis. If you’ve experienced symptoms of psychosis, it’s important to get a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified mental health professional.  

Treatment Approaches

What to Do Immediately Following

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) recommends these steps if you see a loved one having a psychotic episode:20

  • Stay calm 
  • Listen 
  • Be empathetic to what they’re going through
  • Focus on the person, not the delusion
  • Offer support 
  • Seek professional help

Professional Treatment With Medication

Often, doctors will prescribe medication like benzodiazepines or antipsychotics21 to help patients stabilize until the substance leaves their system. Medications may be prescribed longer-term if someone has an ongoing psychotic disorder. 

*Please note that this is not medical advice, simply an idea of what you might expect in follow-up treatment. Treatment plans should be created by qualified professionals, based on an in-depth assessment. 

Detoxing and Managing Withdrawals

Susbtance withdrawal can be dangerous under normal circumstances, but the situation is even more delicate when psychosis is involved. It’s important to detox from drugs or alcohol under medical supervision. Make sure you find a reputable facility with everything you need in place for a safe and supported detox. 

And remember, detox is just the first step. Following up with an intensive treatment program, like inpatient drug rehab, is an effective way to set the stage for long-term recovery. 

Long-Term Recovery and Support

Whether or not it results in a formal diagnosis, drug-induced psychosis can have a significant impact on your mental well-being. That’s why it’s important to find comprehensive support for your recovery. 

Rehab can be a great place to start. Quality addiction treatment programs not only provide intensive treatment for immediate concerns, but also teach strategies to prevent relapse and equip you with coping tools for the future. 

Search for addiction treatment centers to compare programs and contact admissions staff directly.

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug-Induced Psychosis

What is drug-induced psychosis?

Drug-induced psychosis (DIP) is an episode where a person experiences a disconnection from reality due to the influence of drugs or alcohol. It can occur as a result of prolonged or high-level substance use, or can be triggered by specific substances, often leading to acute mental health disturbances.

Which substances are commonly associated with drug-induced psychosis?

Several substances are known to be linked to drug-induced psychosis. These include hallucinogens, stimulants (such as methamphetamine), synthetic drugs, marijuana (especially in high doses), alcohol, cocaine, dissociatives (such as PCP or ketamine), and certain prescription drugs (such as opioids or antidepressants).

How long does drug-induced psychosis typically last, and can it be permanent?

Drug-induced psychosis symptoms usually appear quickly after substance use and often subside within a few days. However, for some people, symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. Whether it becomes long-term or permanent depends on various factors, including the substance used, individual sensitivity, duration of drug use, and genetic predisposition. It’s essential to seek professional evaluation and treatment for a precise diagnosis and appropriate care.
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What Is Gaslighting? Signs, Effects, and How to Protect Yourself

Gaslighting is a manipulative psychological tactic used to control others. The person gaslighting aims to make you feel “crazy” by undermining you, acting like you’re lying, or that you’re making things up. 

Their adamant denial and blame-shifting can make you distrust yourself, even to the point of feeling like you’ve lost your grip on reality. The person gaslighting may try to make you seem untrustworthy to other people too. 

Gaslighting can happen in romantic relationships, friendships, and between family members. Gaslighting isn’t always meant to cause harm, either. Some people may do it accidentally. But others use it as a tactic of manipulation.

What Is Gaslighting?

Gaslighting is an attempt to make the other in the relationship feel or seem “crazy”1. It’s considered a subset of psychological abuse2. The gaslighter tries to create a surreal reality, one they control, to make the other feel like their beliefs and observations are both wrong and potentially nonexistent. 

The term arose from a movie adaptation of the play Gas Light, where a husband isolates his new wife and manipulates her into believing she’s gone insane. He dims the gas lights in their home only to insist she’s imagining it, claiming that as proof she’s gone insane. The wife eventually believes him.

Victims of gaslighting commonly feel confused1, disoriented, and like their reality has become distorted. This is what the gaslighter often intends. They gain control by “micro-regulating victims’ lives, self-concepts, and sense of reality”1. Over time, the victim may believe their gaslighter’s lies and view them as the only person who can define their reality. 

Gaslighters often separate their partner from the outside world2. They may lie and say no one wants them around, or that their friends are all no good. This makes their victim more vulnerable to manipulation, since no one else can point out their behavior and offer support. 

Not all gaslighting is done with ill-will. Sometimes, friends, family, and those you care about can unintentionally make you feel unheard or like your ideas aren’t important. It’s also possible to respectfully disagree with someone.

Healthy Disagreements Vs. Gaslighting

Two people can disagree or have different views in healthy, respectful ways. For example, you may disagree with someone’s opinion while still respecting their autonomy and beliefs. You both keep your opinions and work towards a middle ground. 

A gaslighter, instead of accepting the other’s different belief, would cruelly question the thoughts, emotions, and sanity behind their belief. Their goal is to “prove” the other’s opinion is wrong and not based in reality … because the gaslighter creates their own.  

You can firmly plant yourself in reality by knowing and recognizing the signs of gaslighting. 

Signs And Characteristics of Gaslighting

You can look for these signs of gaslighting3 in your partner and in other relationships in your life. 

  • Blatant, continued lies. If you point out the truth, they’ll wholeheartedly deny the lie and likely spin it to claim you’re lying. 
  • Making you doubt yourself through statements like, “You’re being too sensitive, you shouldn’t feel that way.”
  • Ignoring your feelings. 
  • Making you question your judgment.
  • Questioning your version of reality.
  • Isolating you from family and friends.
  • Confusing you through white lies and small acts of manipulation.
  • They say things like, “Really? Are you sure?”, “You only think that because you’re so sensitive.”, “That’s all in your head.”, or “You’re crazy.”

Gaslighting Tactics

Gaslighters often resort to specific strategies4 to challenge your reality. These include

  • Withholding, where they pretend they don’t understand you, accuse you of confusing them, or refuse to listen to you.
  • Countering, where they question your memory and the events you know happened. 
  • Blocking/Diverting, where they change the subject or accuse you of inventing/imagining a situation.
  • Trivializing, where they make your feelings and needs seem silly, wrong, or unimportant. 
  • Denial, where they pretend to forget what actually happened and deny the truth. 

Effects of Gaslighting on Victims

The victim of gaslighting, or the gaslightee, may experience serious effects5, like anxiety, low self-confidence, constant underlying fear, confusion, codependency, lack of trust, and psychological trauma. 

If you’ve been severely gaslit, you may even believe you are psychologically sick. Your gaslighter could convince you that your family thinks the same and wants you to get help. In your isolation and confusion, refuting their lies gets harder and harder. 

Even after you leave the relationship, the effects of gaslighting may stick around. You may need professional help to navigate how it makes you feel and how it’s affected your sense of self. A therapist can guide you through the journey and help you process the experience. 

Gaslighting in Different Contexts

Gaslighting is a common abusive tactic in romantic relationships, but it can happen in friendships, families, and in the workplace. Your options for navigating gaslighting often depends on its context.

Gaslighting at Work

If your coworker uses gaslighting to undermine and embarrass you, you could talk to higher-ups to address the gaslighter’s behavior. Depending on the scope of their gaslighting, however, your boss or other coworkers may already believe the gaslighter’s lies. In that case, you can look into other jobs and leave the situation. 

Gaslighting from Family

Gaslighting from a parent or sibling may not be abusive in intent. Your mom, for example, may disregard your feelings about something without meaning to hurt you. Her beliefs overpower yours, but in that example, she’s not actively trying to cause harm. Depending on the situation, you could rectify your relationship through couples and family counseling. 

Online Gaslighting

Online gaslighting may occur more easily because anyone can claim anything, and say someone’s wrong for nearly any reason. Politicians, celebrities, and influencers could have this effect whether they know it or not. Deleting your social media, unfollowing certain accounts, and not following specific news sources are the quickest ways to escape this gaslighting.

Gaslighting in a Relationship

Your romantic partner may use gaslighting to hide their abuse1 and maintain control over the relationship. They may say they never hit you, that you’re making it up, and that you need them to define your reality since you’re lying about being hit. 

They could gaslight you into believing you’re a bad partner, parent, or generally unstable, to invalidate your existence. A gaslighter also uses gaslighting to keep their partner from leaving the relationship. If you feel like your partner defines your reality, leaving them may feel impossible.

You can protect yourself from gaslighting in any context by recognizing it and learning how to respond.

Protecting Yourself from Gaslighting

Gaslighting may start small, with little offenses you barely notice. But you can immediately strategize your protection as soon as you catch their abuse.  

Gather Evidence

You can create an arsenal of evidence to secure your reality by taking screenshots, recording conversations, and writing down abusive actions. If needed, you can also use your evidence to prove the gaslighter’s behavior—either to themselves or others. 

Practice Assertiveness

Being assertive can help you feel more sure of yourself and confident in your reality. You can respond to gaslighting attempts with simple but strong replies, like:

  • “I know you disagree, but I still feel ___” 
  • “You may not remember this happening, but I am not responsible for that.” 
  • “I have explained myself. Your confusion is your responsibility.”
  • “I hear you, but that has not been my experience.”
  • “I do not need to convince you to believe me.”
  • “I know what I’ve experienced is true. I don’t need to prove it to you.”

Surround Yourself With Support

Keep your friends and family close. They can help you feel more secure in your beliefs and experiences. Your loved ones can also point out gaslighting behavior and help you catch it before you become deeply entangled in their distortions. 

Tighten Your Boundaries

Putting more space between you and the gaslighter gives them fewer opportunities to gaslight. If you can, spend less and less time with the person to lessen their influence. Set hard boundaries. You can tell them you’ll continue the conversation when they can be honest and respectful. Block them if you need to. 

As an example, you could agree to see them once a week at most and keep your visits short. Only communicate when you decide to. Don’t text them if they use text conversations to gaslight you.

Setting boundaries isn’t always possible, especially in romantic relationships. In those cases, you may need to fully walk away.

Leave The Relationship

Other forms of abuse may accompany gaslighting, like physical or sexual abuse. Abusers may use severe gaslighting to hide their other abusive behaviors. If you feel unsafe in your relationship, whether romantic or otherwise, you may need to leave. 

A therapist can help you navigate this process safely. If you need immediate help, call your country’s emergency number or talk to the national domestic violence hotline at 1-800-799-7233 (or text “START” to 88788).

Seeking Professional Help

Any form of psychological abuse can damage your sense of self and the way you see the world. That’s why getting professional help for the effects of gaslighting can help you both now and in your future. 

A therapist can help you recognize gaslighting if you’re currently experiencing it. They can also help you create a plan to leave abusive relationships or set stronger boundaries. And as you close the chapter on your gaslighter, a therapist can help you process the experience and heal from its traumas.

With their help, you can rebuild your self-confidence and self-efficacy. You can learn to trust others, including yourself. You can remove blame from yourself and see gaslighting as an issue of the perpetrator, not you. You can heal.

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Is Alcohol Bad for Your Brain? Understanding the Impact of Alcohol on Cognitive Health

Although drinking is commonly accepted in most cultures, alcohol can damage your brain more than you think. Alcohol affects brain function by interacting with neurotransmitter systems and altering the communication between nerve cells while  depressing your nervous system, causing a slew of side effects, wanted or unwanted. 

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Brain

Alcohol impacts how your brain and body communicate soon after you take those first few sips. Short-term effects include:

Euphoria

Drinking alcohol causes euphoria, commonly referred to as a “buzz” or “high.” Alcohol activates the brain’s reward system1 and increases dopamine release. People may experience increased confidence and sociability, as well as decreased inhibition. They also feel less stressed and anxious. These feelings can be enjoyable and are why people choose to drink alcohol in the first place. However, it’s important to remember that alcohol can also cause feelings of depression, irritability, and aggression when consumed in excess.

Impaired Frontal Cortex

The frontal cortex is one of the most important areas of the brain, responsible for decision-making, planning, problem-solving, and regulating behavior. It’s no surprise that alcohol has a damaging effect on the communication between neurons in the frontal cortex2. This can lead to difficulty making decisions, planning, and focusing. It can also impair the ability to control emotions and behavior, leading to impulsive and reckless decisions.

Impacts on the Central Nervous System

Alcohol’s impact on the central nervous system leads to slurred speech and a lack of coordination. And alcohol can impair memory storage3, leading to difficulties remembering recent events or conversations. You could even experience a blackout, where you have no memory of the situation because the memories could not be stored in the hippocampus. 

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Brain

Day to day, it may be hard to notice how your drinking is affecting your brain and body. Over time, however, persistent heavy drinking leaves you susceptible to structural changes and damage in certain areas of the brain4. Each drink can wreak havoc, physically and mentally. In a worst-case scenario, some of the destruction might not be reversible. 

Physical Health Complications

One of the most well-known effects of excessive and long-term alcohol use is liver damage. Unfortunately, it can lead to a range of other health complications, such as heart diseases and pancreatitis, which can have serious and potentially life-threatening consequences. It’s essential to be aware of these issues and take steps to reduce your risk of damage to your body.

Weakened Immune System

Chronic alcohol consumption can significantly impair the body’s immune system5, increasing the risk of developing illnesses and infections. When the immune system is weakened, it’s unable to function properly and fight off invading pathogens, leaving the body vulnerable to attack. Long-term alcohol use can also disrupt the body’s natural balance of hormones6, which can further weaken the immune system. Poor nutrition and dehydration resulting from heavy drinking also weakens the immune system.

Premature Aging

Some studies emphasize the premature aging hypothesis, which states that heavy drinking accelerates natural chronological aging7, beginning with the onset of problem drinking. This idea highlights how alcohol’s damaging effects can cause permanent changes and complications, such as cognitive decline and memory problems.

Sleep and Alcohol’s Effects on the Brain

Sleep is the basic building block on which you build a healthy life. As a depressant, alcohol is a sedative that interacts with several neurotransmitter systems involved in sleep regulation8. Alcohol disrupts how your rapid eye movement (REM) cycle progresses throughout the night. Whenever your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is highest, among other factors, determines how the cycle is disturbed. Without quality sleep, your mood and cognitive function can suffer. Chronic alcohol abuse can even spur sleep issues like insomnia.

Neurodegeneration 

Alcohol’s neurotoxic effect on the brain can cause neuron destruction9, also called neurodegeneration. Once your neurons and their pathways change, it’s difficult for your brain to properly communicate with itself and the body because neuron loss jeopardizes how neural networks function. Without healthy networks, your brain’s health can severely decline.

Alcohol Abuse and Brain Health

Research shows that people with alcoholism have smaller brain sizes compared to those who don’t10. Long-term alcohol consumption can also lead to a decrease in gray matter and white matter11 in the frontal cortex. This might be because alcohol has neurotoxic effects on nerve cells, which can contribute to neuronal damage and increased vulnerability to alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) like dementia. 

While it is possible to develop a few different alcohol-related brain disorders, two of the most severe include Wernicke syndrome and Korsakoff syndrome. Both are associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and alcohol abuse12. Thiamine helps the brain turn sugar into energy. With thiamine deficiency, brain cells cannot generate enough energy to function properly, which causes a myriad of physical and mental difficulties.

Wernicke syndrome 

Alcohol’s destruction to neurons and cell communication in the peripheral and central nervous systems can prompt the onset of ​​Wernicke syndrome. Wernicke’s encephalopathy can have a severe and sudden onset and involves ophthalmoplegia13, which is paralysis or weakness of eye muscles. It also includes ataxia, weakened muscle control in their arms and legs, and confusion. Wernicke’s encephalopathy usually precedes the onset of Korsakoff syndrome14. 

Korsakoff syndrome 

Alcohol abuse can inhibit learning new information, remembering recent events, and long-term memory processing. Over enough time, this can progress into Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff’s psychosis causes damage to the brain’s thalamus and hypothalamus14, which can lead to confusion, memory problems, coma, and irreversible brain damage. 

If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, visit your primary care practitioner immediately. If the situation feels life-threatening, call 911 and/or take them to an emergency room and stay with them until they have medical help. If you live outside of the United States, you can find your country’s emergency number in this list15.

Neurotransmitter Disruptions

Alcohol primarily interacts with the reward and stress systems in the brain16, which includes dopaminergic, serotoninergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic neural circuits. A neural circuit has a series of neurons that send chemical signals to one another. 

As you drink, your brain releases more dopamine, endorphins, and serotonin and suppresses Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and glutamate release. These disruptions in normal functioning greatly affect your mood, behavior, and cognition. 

Alcohol’s impact on dopamine levels is a key factor in the formation of alcohol dependence17. Dopamine is not only the “feel good” hormone, but it’s also the motivation and incentive-based hormone. Your brain begins to reinforce unhealthy drinking habits because your dopamine levels rise when consuming alcohol, so, without alcohol, your brain will begin to crave that dopamine boost again. This spurs the dangerous cycle of chasing the high.

IJHG 20 20 g002

Image from the Indian Journal of Human Genetics16

Mental Health and Alcohol

Alcohol and mental health are closely intertwined, and the relationship between the two is complex. Some people are more vulnerable to alcohol abuse because of preexisting conditions. In contrast to those who drink responsibly or abstain, those who abuse alcohol—especially adolescents and those with long-term exposure—are more likely to develop depression or other psychological conditions. 

The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders is significantly higher among those with alcoholism18 compared to the general population. For many, this is due to using alcohol as self-medication for the uncomfortable emotions associated with these mental disorders. Chemical changes in the brain from alcohol, such as the disruption of neurotransmitters crucial in maintaining good mental health, also contribute to and worsen existing symptoms. 

If you have co-occurring disorders, finding specialized care for all conditions is essential because of their complicated relationship. You’re actually more likely to recover from each condition if the alcoholism and the co-occurring mental health disorder(s) are individually addressed and treated18. Explore professional treatment options with your doctor to get to the root cause of your co-occurring disorders. 

Adolescents’ Vulnerability to Alcohol’s Effects

According to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, roughly 35% of adolescents (ages 12-20) have tried alcohol19. And this number likely doesn’t include the many teens who didn’t report their drinking. Alcohol use during these crucial years can disrupt normal brain maturation20 and increase the risk of cognitive impairments because of restricted blood flow in certain brain regions and electrical activity. 

Adolescents are also more prone to risk-taking behaviors21, which drinking only exacerbates. Alcohol greatly affects the prefrontal cortex, which is the decision-making area in the brain that is still developing for adolescents. They could be more likely to make bad decisions and get into trouble if they’re drinking, such as getting into a car crash while driving under the influence. 

If your child is in these pivotal years, have an open conversation with them. Being open-minded and honest with them, and actively listening to their experiences without judgment, will create trust. Your child may be more likely to listen to your advice if you approach these conversations with empathy and the desire to learn from each other.

Can the Brain Recover?

So, is it possible for your brain to recover from alcohol’s damage? In many cases, the answer is yes. It is a resilient organ that can heal. Your brain has something called neuroplasticity, which means your nervous system can change, positively or negatively, to stimuli22. So, while your neuroplasticity can negatively change from alcohol abuse, it can also positively adapt in recovery. 

Recovery from alcohol abuse is complex, and it can vary depending on factors like genetics, age, and overall health. The best way to recover is to stop drinking; however, this should be done over time with a tapering plan. Attempting to stop drinking “cold turkey” is dangerous and could cause serious implications. 

For this reason, recovering with professional guidance is essential. Medical professionals can ensure that the detoxing process goes as smoothly as possible. And tapering off alcohol will decrease the likelihood of withdrawal symptoms.
Alcohol shouldn’t be running your life. Your health matters. Begin your journey towards sobriety today by browsing rehabs that specialize in alcohol treatment.

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Blacking Out Drunk: Understanding the Risks, Causes, and Prevention

“If recreational drugs were tools, alcohol would be a sledgehammer.” – NCBI article

Some hail getting “blackout drunk” as the apex drinking experience: a testament to how wild the party was or how disinhibited they felt. But rather than being a story to tell, getting blackout drunk can put you on a dangerous path—one of crime, danger, and life-changing risks. 

What Does It Mean to Black Out?

Blacking out drunk means you have a “blackout” period in your memory. You won’t remember anything that happened around you or to you when you were “blacked”. You’re still awake when you black out, just not making memories. That’s because alcohol can block the transference of memories into long-term storage.  

Alcohol can cause 2 types of blackouts: partial and complete. If you have a complete blackout period, you won’t remember anything. Your blackout will simply feel like a blank expanse in time. Partial blackouts mean you can remember a few things, like who drove you home and where your purse might be. Physical or emotional cues can also trigger the memories you made in a partial blackout.  

Both types of blackouts keep you from forming and recollecting memories.

How Alcohol Affects The Brain And Memory

Blackouts affect an area of the brain called the hippocampus, where memories form and move into long-term storage. Too much alcohol keeps this transfer from happening. Just 1-2 drinks can start the memory-losing process. 

Alcohol disrupts the communicative chemical activity in your hippocampus. That disruption between neurons prevents the hippocampus from storing events and memories as they happen. Blackouts don’t affect past memories or the ones you make when sober, only the memories made with too much alcohol in your system. 

You may seem alert and able to hold a conversation when blacked out. But any interactions you have won’t stay in your memory for longer than a few minutes. 

Who’s More Susceptible to Blackouts?

The severity of your blackout usually depends on your blood-alcohol level—the higher it is, the more complete your blackout. Because of this, some groups are more susceptible to blacking out, including women, young college students, and binge drinkers. 

With generally smaller bodies, women are more likely to black out than men. Women also have less of an enzyme in their stomach that breaks down alcohol. And, they’re more likely to drink wine or mixed drinks instead of beer, which has comparatively less alcohol. 

College students and other young drinkers also experience blackouts more often. It’s usually because they’re not used to drinking (especially in high amounts), leading to accidental blackouts. Similarly, binge drinkers, or someone who drinks a lot in a short period of time, may rapidly raise their blood-alcohol level and black out more often. 

Recognizing The Signs of Blackout Drinking

You can look for some of these signs of blackout drinking if someone seems blackout drunk. But be aware: you won’t always know if someone’s blackout, yourself included. Though surprising, your friend may seem fine and have most of their motor and cognitive functioning intact. 

What you can look for is problems with their memory. Though everyone shows cognitive impairment when they’re drunk, like seeming spaced out, they’ll usually still have some of their memory intact. If you suspect someone’s blackout drunk, take them home as soon as you can. 

Forgetfulness

Someone who’s blackout drunk may repeat questions, seem confused, or forget the names/faces/information they just learned about. 

To test their memory-storing ability, try asking your friend to name 3 items: fruits, for example. Then, a couple of minutes later, ask what fruits they named. If they’re not blacked, they’ll eventually remember what fruits they named—even if they need time to think or slur their words. 

Retelling Stories

Your friend may repeat the same story because they don’t remember already telling it. They may also tell you the same thing repeatedly throughout the night, like they’ve spotted your mutual friend nearby.

Seeming Confused When Corrected

If you tell your friend they’ve already told you the same thing multiple times, they may seem confused. They may not even believe you. They’ll likely have no idea their memory has started to go—even if they’re concerned about that, their worries will soon fade. 

Motor or Cognitive Impairment

If someone seems drunk, look for stumbling, nonsensical speech, poor coordination, slurred speech, and sleepiness. This could indicate they’re heavily drunk and in a blackout state.

When to Intervene

If your friend, or anyone else, seems blackout drunk, keep a close eye on them. Since they’re mentally and physically impaired, they could easily get into trouble. Make sure they don’t drive, even if they seem “fine”. And make sure they don’t go off alone with anyone—someone could try to take advantage of their impairment.

And ask your friend to stay around you. If they can’t remember to stay by you, you might need to shadow them. 

Step away from the situation if you’re able and they’re willing. This could mean going home if you’re at a bar or going to a safe room and lying down if you’re at a party. Never let them drive—and call a taxi or Uber if you don’t feel safe driving, either.

Risks And Consequences of Blacking Out

Sexual And Physical Violence

Getting blackout drunk puts you at risk of physical and sexual violence. You may unwittingly go along with whatever someone else wants—even if that’s stealing, vandalizing someone’s house, or sleeping with someone you never planned to. 

If you did sleep with someone, you may not remember if you gave consent, if your partner was violent, or if you used protection. And if something terrible did occur, not knowing would prevent you from getting the medical care you need. That applies to both physical and sexual assaults. 

Sexual Assault Hotline: 800-656-HOPE (4673)
Domestic Violence Hotline: Call 1.800.799.7233 or text “START” to 88788
Crisis Hotline: Call or Text 988

Waking Up…Somewhere

After blacking out, you could wake up and not know where you are, how you got there, or how to get home. You might wake up a few blocks from your house or on the other side of your city—blackouts make almost anything possible. 

Acting Out of Character

You could get into trouble in a blackout state. Being impaired mentally and physically, you might bend easily to peer pressure. Or, doing something illegal may suddenly seem fun, like stealing. Then, you could wind up in legal trouble.

Causes And Triggers of Blackout Drinking

Blackouts commonly happen after high-intensity drinking, when you have at least twice as many drinks per hour more than binge drinking (8+ drinks in 2 hours for women, 10+ for men). Binge and high-intensity drinking lead to blackouts because your blood-alcohol level rises too fast. 

Some drugs, like sleep or anti-anxiety medications, can cause blackouts at a lower blood-alcohol level. Keeping aware of your medications can help you prevent getting blackout drunk.

Prevention Strategies for Blackout Drinking

You can prevent blackout drinking by drinking in moderation. Set a limit for yourself, like one drink per hour. Be sure to eat a full meal before drinking and start the night hydrated. And drink slowly—take sips instead of gulps. Avoid chugging, shotgunning, or joining in other drinking games. 

You can also try staggering your alcoholic drinks. For example, having a glass of wine, a big cup of water, then a smaller glass of wine. Plan for how you’re going to get home, too. Either bring a friend who’s not drinking or schedule an Uber in advance. 

Avoid drinking in unfamiliar situations, too. Nerves could cause you to drink multiple drinks much faster than usual. And, only drink what you buy or bring yourself. Never take a drink from a stranger. 

Supporting Others And Seeking Help

One way to help a friend or family member struggling with their drinking is by noticing how much they drink. If they frequently black out, binge drink, or drink whenever they can, you can consider starting a conversation about how they’re feeling and how alcohol fits into their life. 

You can start the conversation early by talking to your kids/teens about blackout drinking and its consequences. But you can emphasize the risks of blackout drinking with someone of any age. You can also pass along tips to avoid blackout drinking, how to quit drinking, and make drinking a safer experience for those you love. 

If your friend or family member reveals they’ve been struggling with drinking, you can share these resources with them:

You can also offer yourself as a resource of support. Though you can’t make anyone get help, you can offer a listening ear and be someone to walk beside as your loved one begins their recovery journey. 
To learn more, you can browse our list of rehabs treating alcohol addiction to see photos, reviews, insurance information, and more.

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Codependency and Addiction: Understand the Relationship and Get Help

Codependency and addiction have a complex relationship. A codependent person may unwittingly enable their loved one to keep using substances without consequences. The codependent person themself may struggle with an addiction to cope with the pain of codependency. 

Addiction often results from codependency, as codependents may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with their issues and to fill an emotional void. Codependency can also lead to addiction by enabling an individual to continue substance use even when it harms their health or relationships. Someone with a substance use disorder may also be more likely to form codependent relationships to gain approval and validation.

Addiction and codependency can feed into each other—though one hasn’t yet been found to definitively cause the other. Codependency doesn’t just happen in a relationship with someone with an addiction, either. 

To find help for codependency and addiction, you can attend peer-support groups, therapy, and go to a rehab that focuses on codependency. 

Codependency: What Is It And Where Does it Come From?

Codependency is a type of dysfunctional relationship where one person has a dependent pattern of behavior that’s emotionally destructive to themselves and/or the other person. It’s typically characterized by an excessive emotional, physical, or psychological reliance on another person—to the point of neglecting your own needs. Codependents also tend to be overly controlling of the other person in their relationship.

Codependency isn’t a diagnosis, nor does it have a mutually agreed upon definition. Some psychologists, scientists, and members of the public think the traits of codependency could just be part of the emotional human experience. 

Others argue codependency can be separated from the bulk of human experiences as a unique adaptation to stress, trauma, unstable childhoods, and living with someone with an addiction. And as codependency becomes a more common phenomenon, more people may realize they fit into its broad definition. 

Generally, a codependent person will aim to control another person or situation by losing themself in the other’s desires and perceived needs. They accept unacceptable behavior as a way to maintain some control of the situation or of the other person. But this can make them disappear—hiding away to continually meet others’ needs. 

Where Does Codependency Come From?

Some definitions of codependency suggest it only develops if someone you live with has an addiction. More accurately, the source of codependency may stem from personality, childhood experiences, trauma, and an intermingling of each. Living with someone who has an addiction can certainly cause codependent tendencies. 

And, none of those factors can cause codependency, too. Some people who live with a person with an addiction may never struggle with codependency. Studies have proven an addicted spouse or child isn’t the sole cause of codependency; but for some family members, addiction can be a catalyst. Someone with childhood trauma may never become codependent either, but it’s a common cause since childhood shapes your adult personality.

Childhood Roots of Codependency

Someone who grew up in a dysfunctional or emotionally distant family may resort to codependency to survive—taking on more responsibilities than they should, making others’ emotions their duty to manage, and losing their true self in the instability of those they seek to control. Doing this may offer a sense of safety and security. 

Codependency in childhood usually causes codependency in adulthood. A child of an alcoholic parent, for example, may gravitate toward a spouse with drinking problems because that unstable relationship feels normal, as does forfeiting their sense of self for safety and control. Being in fight-or-flight mode during childhood can cause a codependent to seek that feeling in adulthood. Someone who takes them out of fight-or-flight mode may feel too unfamiliar, and even daunting, to pursue.

Addiction in Both Parties

As defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), “addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.” Addiction can affect the codependent, the other in their relationship, or both of them. 

A person with substance addiction isn’t the only half of a codependent relationship that can struggle with an addiction. Often, a codependent person will use alcohol, drugs, sex, food, and other substances to manage the pain of codependency. Addressing substance use in both parties can help the relationship heal as a whole.  

The Relationship Between Codependency And Addiction

A spouse, parent, or sibling may become codependent as a way to manage the turmoil of their loved one’s addiction. Someone with an active addiction often has unpredictable emotions, behaviors, and moods. Their codependent will likely appease their every whim to self-manage their unreliability. 

A codependent person also believes they can force their loved one to stop using out of sheer will—or by succumbing to their every need and demand, hoping they can abate the feelings causing them to drink or use drugs. Failing to stop the substance use may drive the codependent to drugs, alcohol, or risky behaviors to cope with that pain.

Someone who’s codependent can enable their loved one’s addiction by accepting the behavior. Codependent people often live in denial—denial of their loved one’s addiction, how they need help, how they both need help—as a way to manage the problem. 

Denying the issue can give it fuel. The person with addiction may knowingly or unknowingly take advantage of that denial to continue using without consequences. So, their addiction may get worse, as would how they treat their codependent partner. The codependent, meanwhile, resorts further and further to their codependent tendencies to find some element of control. And so the cycle continues.

A lack of control and a codependent’s limitless desire for control can perpetuate their codependent behaviors. They may reason that if they just keep trying, they’ll eventually gain control; one day it’ll work and they’ll never drink again. But, as many come to realize, you can’t force someone out of addiction.

Challenges of Breaking The Cycle

The codependent may feel too scared or anxious to stop seeking control through appeasing their spouse/child/parent. They may also fear speaking up about their emotional pain, or even recognizing it at all. 

Someone with an addiction could find it easier to stay addicted if their partner goes along with it or pretends they can’t see it. They might not consider treatment, thinking they’ve “got it handled” and don’t need help. Over time, and without any treatment, their addiction can worsen. 

The codependent often experiences an addictive cycle of emotions. They can go from extreme lows to extreme highs, depending on how their partner treats them. The codependent may crave the next high just as a drug user craves a drug high. 

Treatment And Recovery

Professional treatment can help you find the cause of your codependency traits and develop new ways to manage a lack of control, real and perceived. Each person in a codependent relationship can benefit from treatment.

Treatment for The Codependent

Codependents can benefit from psychoeducation and taking a dive into their childhood. Psychoeducation teaches a codependent the “why” behind their behaviors, including the biochemical reactions that make the cycle so hard to leave. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help a codependent recognize the traits of codependency and examine the emotions behind them. Since most codependents have had a traumatic or dysfunctional childhood, CBT sessions will likely focus on your childhood to find the root belief behind your emotions and behaviors. 

For example, you may believe others’ needs are your responsibility and will feel guilty if you don’t completely satisfy their needs. This ingrained belief may have begun in childhood, perhaps because of an emotionally volatile, mentally unwell, physically unwell, or addicted parent. CBT will help you identify what caused that belief and the guilt related to it, then change your coping tool (codependency).  

You can also benefit from peer support and self-help groups, whether they’re 12-Step-based or not. Support groups can help you find an explanation for your experience and others who share it. Other resources, like books and podcasts, can also help a codependent understand their traits and heal. Here’s a few books you could check out:

Treatment for The Partner

The “partner” in a codependent relationship could be your romantic partner, but it broadly refers to the other person in your codependent relationship. That could be your spouse, child, parent, relative, or close friend. 

The codependent partner may not mean to drive someone to codependency. A codependent’s empathy and conscientiousness might be so highly attuned to negative emotions that healthy expressions of sadness, anger, or other negative emotions could trigger their partner’s codependent traits. 

But in some cases, if not most, the codependent’s partner has similar traits as the dysfunctional or abusive parent(s) the codependent grew up with. They have poor relationships in adulthood because it feels normal. That means a codependent is more likely to fall for a narcissist, an abuser, or someone exploitative. 

When your partner has a personality disorder, an addiction, or dark personality traits, they need professional treatment to heal. Treatment for addiction, for example, can help your partner address the cause of their addiction and identify new coping strategies for difficult emotions. After treatment, you’ll hopefully find your partner much more stable, reciprocative, and safe. In those cases, your codependent traits may fade because you simply don’t need them anymore. 

Once your partner has received proper treatment, you could both attend couples therapy. Here, you’ll address what triggers your codependency traits. Your partner will learn more about how it works for you and how they can help. They may also be able to reassure you that codependency isn’t their intent for you and that they’ll work with you to get well.

You and your family can also attend family therapy to address codependency in your family and how it affects each member. 

Prevention And Self-Care Strategies for Codependency

One way to prevent codependency is to educate yourself on what it is and what causes it. If you do recognize it in yourself, you can seek professional treatment and practice self-care strategies to prevent it from getting worse. Some strategies you can try include:

  • Practice self-acceptance. Each day, try to take stock of the times you blame yourself for someone else’s negative emotions. Then, challenge the blame. Write down the process and your thoughts on it. See if you can make it a daily habit. 
  • Surround yourself with people who make you feel safe. Can you identify people in your life who don’t make you feel responsible for their emotions? People who make you feel safe being yourself? Keep them close as you navigate your codependency.
  • Set aside time just for you. Spend an hour, three hours, or any amount of time however you want—just not on the other person in your codependent relationship. Take a bath, go to the library, or take a walk. Anything that sounds nice to you. 
  • Pursue what brings you joy. Rekindle old hobbies or try something new to give you an extra boost of happiness and confidence in your abilities. 

You can also attend treatment for codependency and addiction at rehab, which provides 24/7 support, intensive treatment, group and 1:1 therapy, and wellness services. 
Explore our list of rehabs treating codependency with pricing information, reviews, photos, and more.