Tag: Methamphetamine

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Understanding Stimulant Addiction: Misha’s 7 Ways to Reclaim Your Life and Health

The journey to recovery from stimulant addiction is often fraught with challenges, yet it offers an unparalleled opportunity for profound personal transformation. For many, the insidious grip of stimulants begins subtly, weaving itself into the fabric of daily life until it becomes an undeniable and destructive force. The story of Misha, who began using stimulants at 15 and entered treatment at 17, is a poignant illustration of this trajectory. His experience highlights the normalization of suffering, the illusion of control, and the eventual realization that a life dictated by addiction is no life at all.

This article delves into the complexities of stimulant addiction, exploring the signs, the impact on physical and mental health, and the crucial steps towards lasting recovery. Drawing insights from Misha’s personal journey, we will shed light on the vital role of connection, self-awareness, and the unwavering belief that a better life is not only possible but within reach.

1. The Deceptive Normalization of Suffering

One of the most insidious aspects of stimulant addiction is its ability to warp an individual’s perception of “normal.” As Misha recounts, “I think one thing that became the normal for me was always feeling bad. I mean, whether it was emotionally guilty or physically bad, like you wouldn’t sleep, I wouldn’t eat.” This constant state of discomfort, sleeplessness, and poor nutrition becomes the accepted baseline, obscuring the true toll the addiction is taking. The body’s natural rhythms are disrupted, leading to a cascade of negative health consequences.

The psychological burden is equally heavy. The constant cycle of using, experiencing a fleeting high, and then crashing into a state of depletion and guilt creates a vicious loop. Misha’s observation that admitting the harm meant “admitting obviously, that I had a problem and something had to change and worse, that I didn’t have control over myself or what I was doing wasn’t manageable” underscores the powerful role of denial in perpetuating addiction. Breaking free from this normalized suffering requires a profound shift in perspective and a courageous willingness to confront the reality of the situation.

Finding Treatment for Prescription Stimulant Addiction article.

2. The Tipping Point: Recognizing the Need for Change

For many individuals struggling with addiction, the decision to seek help is not a singular, instantaneous event but rather a gradual process, often triggered by external pressures or a sudden moment of clarity. In Misha’s case, legal trouble initially propelled him into treatment. However, as he wisely points out, “being sent somewhere is completely different from choosing to go there, especially as an addict.” True recovery begins when the individual internalizes the need for change and actively chooses the path of healing.

Misha’s “aha!” moment occurred when confronted with a seemingly innocuous Adderall prescription. His mind, no longer clouded by immediate desire, began to play out the inevitable consequences: the lies, the sleepless nights, the physical discomfort, all for “20 minutes of pleasure.” This vivid mental rehearsal, culminating in the realization that he had been “sabotaging myself,” marked his personal tipping point. It’s a testament to the power of self-awareness and the ability to connect actions with their long-term repercussions.

This internal shift is crucial because it moves beyond mere compliance and into genuine commitment. It’s at this juncture that individuals begin to understand that the perceived “benefits” of substance use are dwarfed by the accumulating negative consequences. The fleeting high gives way to persistent suffering, and the illusion of control shatters under the weight of unmanageability. The transition from being told to get help to deciding to get help is a fundamental step in the recovery journey.

3. The Power of Connection: Letting Others In

Addiction thrives in isolation. The shame, guilt, and secrecy associated with substance abuse often lead individuals to erect walls, pushing away those who care about them. For Misha, a significant breakthrough in his recovery was learning to “let people in.” He describes his initial resistance: “I was so set on not being told what to do or not feeling like anyone was in control of me or in charge of me, um, even to my detriment.” This desire for absolute autonomy, while understandable, ultimately served as a barrier to healing.

In recovery, connection is not merely beneficial; it is foundational. Whether through structured treatment programs, support groups like Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous, or therapy, the process of sharing one’s experiences and vulnerabilities with others creates a powerful sense of belonging and understanding. As Misha notes, “When you’re in a treatment program or in meetings or anything like that, the biggest part of it is your connection with other people and talking and allowing people to understand you and allowing yourself to be understood and to understand others.” This reciprocal exchange dismantles the isolating effects of addiction.

Allowing oneself to be vulnerable and to trust others—even when the instinct is to keep walls up—is a challenging but profoundly rewarding step. Misha’s realization that “I was worthy or could be cared about by someone that wasn’t necessarily related to me” speaks to the transformative power of genuine connection. It provides a safe space where individuals can be heard without judgment, receive support, and learn from the experiences of others who have walked a similar path.

4. Embracing the Journey: There Is No Top to the Mountain

Recovery is not a destination but an ongoing process of growth and self-discovery. A profound lesson Misha learned, a phrase commonly used in recovery meetings, is “there is no top to the mountain.” This metaphor beautifully encapsulates the idea that progress is continuous, and there’s always room for further development and improved well-being. It also highlights the importance of embracing all emotions, both good and bad, rather than seeking to escape them.

Addiction often serves as a coping mechanism, a way to numb uncomfortable feelings or avoid difficult realities. Misha acknowledges this, stating, “It was so easy to hide behind substance. Have this wall of well, I know I’ll feel this way if I take this. And that’s predictable, and that’s less scary than not knowing how I’ll feel if I have nothing to hide behind.” The perceived predictability of substance-induced states, even if negative, can feel safer than the unpredictable landscape of raw human emotion.

However, true healing involves dismantling this wall and allowing oneself to experience the full spectrum of life. “There’s such a depth to life and existence, whether for good or for bad, that if you allow yourself to feel those things, things can get so much better.” This willingness to experience discomfort, to sit with difficult emotions without resorting to substances, is a cornerstone of lasting recovery. It’s a risk, as Misha notes, to “experience things in a sober way,” but it is “definitely worth it.” This continuous journey of self-exploration and emotional engagement leads to a richer, more authentic life.

5. The Sweet Rewards: A Life Transformed

Life in recovery, while not without its challenges, offers a profound sense of liberation and a richness that was unattainable during active addiction. One of the most significant changes Misha highlights is the “depth to the happiness that I feel that is so much better, uh, than when I was using stimulants.” This genuine, unadulterated joy is a stark contrast to the fleeting, chemically induced highs of addiction. Beyond emotional well-being, the physical benefits are undeniable: “I can sleep and I can eat, and I don’t feel like my skin’s too tight all the time.” These basic human comforts, once sacrificed to addiction, become cherished aspects of a healthy life.

Perhaps the most impactful transformation is in the realm of relationships. Addiction often creates a web of lies and deceit, straining connections with loved ones. Misha describes the immense relief of being able to have “meaningful relationships with people, especially my family and people that I’m close to that aren’t built on this kind of web of lies.” The burden of secrecy is lifted, allowing for honesty, trust, and authentic connection to flourish. This renewed ability to engage in healthy, honest relationships is a powerful motivator for continued recovery.

6. Holding On: Advice for Those in the Midst of Struggle

For those currently grappling with the depths of addiction or depression, Misha’s advice is clear and compassionate: “Just keep going. It is so awful. And in the worst parts of addiction or depression it can feel like, well, there is, I felt everything there is to feel, there’s no way this could get better.” This feeling of hopelessness is a common trap, a narrative spun by the addiction itself.

Misha urges individuals to challenge this destructive internal voice: “You just have to ignore that part of you that’s telling you that there’s no point trying or that you’re stupid for trying, or you might as well give up. Um, ’cause it’s not true. That’s your addiction. That’s, that’s, that’s not you talking.” This crucial distinction between the authentic self and the manipulative voice of addiction is empowering.

The path to recovery is walked one step at a time, sometimes even one minute at a time. Whether it’s “getting outta bed or just not doing drugs for 30 minutes,” each small victory contributes to forward momentum. The message is one of unwavering hope: “I promise there is an end, there’s another side to this bridge. Um, and it is so, so much better, but it is so hard to get there.” This acknowledges the difficulty but emphasizes the ultimate reward. Finding something to believe in, whether it’s a person, a higher power, or the inherent human capacity for healing, can provide the necessary strength to persevere.

7. Taking the Leap: For Those on the Fence

The decision to embark on a recovery journey can be daunting, often leaving individuals “on the fence.” Misha offers a powerful reframe: if you’re on the fence, “you are not actually on the fence, you’ve already decided that you do wanna start recovering. It’s just scary to admit that or even begin those steps.” This perspective suggests that the internal contemplation itself is an indication of a readiness for change, even if fear holds one back.

When daily life is compromised by substance use—affecting health, relationships, or work—to the point of unmanageability, it’s a clear signal that something needs to change. Misha uses the proverb, “The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. And the second best time is today.” This timeless wisdom emphasizes that there’s no perfect moment to begin, only the present. There’s no need for elaborate preparations or practice; the journey can start now.

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What Are “Meth Eyes” and Why It’s Important to Recognize Them

When someone uses methamphetamine, it often causes noticeable changes in their eyes. These changes, sometimes called “meth eyes,” can be early warning signs of meth use and potential indicators of serious health risks. Understanding these signs isn’t about judgment—it’s about recognizing when someone needs help and preventing long-term damage to their vision and overall health.

What Are Meth Eyes? 

It may not be the first thing that comes to mind, but meth has a profound effect on eye health.1 That’s because meth use creates changes in the brain that influence eye function, pupil response, and overall eye appearance. These changes happen because meth impacts the body’s nervous system, affecting everything from blood flow to tear production. While some changes might be temporary, others can lead to serious, long-term vision problems if they’re not addressed as early as possible.

Symptoms of Meth Eyes

Pupil Dilation 

One of the most noticeable signs of meth use is enlarged pupils that don’t respond normally to light. Usually, our pupils get smaller in bright light and larger in darkness, but meth can disrupt this natural response. Someone using meth might have unusually large pupils2 even in bright settings, which can make their eyes look darker than usual.

Rapid Eye Movements 

People using meth may experience involuntary eye movements3 called nystagmus, where their eyes make quick, repetitive motions. These movements can be subtle or quite noticeable, and can make it hard for the person to focus their vision. Nystagmus is disorienting and uncomfortable, and affects people’s ability to perform everyday tasks like reading or driving safely.

Glassy or Glossy Appearance 

Meth use often causes a distinctive glassy or glossy look in the eyes. This happens because the drug affects tear production and natural eye lubrication. The eyes might look shinier than usual, almost like they’re coated in glass. This isn’t just a cosmetic concern—proper eye lubrication is crucial for eye comfort and health.

Bloodshot Eyes 

Red or bloodshot eyes are common among meth users because it causes blood vessels in the eyes to expand. Combined with meth’s dehydrating effects, this can make the eyes appear red, irritated, and tired-looking. Bloodshot eyes can have many causes, but when they’re combined with other symptoms, they might indicate meth use.

Visual Impairments Associated With Meth Eyes

Meth doesn’t just temporarily affect how eyes look—it can damage the structures in the eye4 that we need for vision, particularly the retina and its blood supply. 

Blurred Vision 

Many people who use meth incur problems with their vision. One of these is blurriness that comes and goes. This happens because the drug affects the muscles that control eye movement and focus. Research shows meth can actually damage the retina5—the part of your eye that processes light and enables vision. While temporary blurred vision might not seem serious, it can signal the beginning of more permanent eye damage. 

Long-Term Damage 

Over time, what starts as a temporary visual impairment from meth use can develop into lasting damage. Recent studies have found that meth can cause the retina to become thinner6 and can kill cells in different layers of the eye. It also damages the protective lining of blood vessels in the eye, particularly affecting the main artery that supplies blood to the retina. These changes can cause vision impairment that persists even after you stop using meth.

In one documented case, a person who used crystal meth for 7 years developed severe vision problems7 in both eyes that got progressively worse. While some vision loss was treatable with laser therapy, other damage was permanent. This is why it’s important to recognize and address meth use and eye damage early, before more serious vision problems develop.

Retinal Vascular Occlusive Disease 

One of the more serious complications of meth use is its effect on the blood vessels in the retina, the part of your eye that processes light and enables vision. Meth can cause blood vessels in the retina to become blocked,8 cutting off the blood supply to parts of the eye. It can also damage blood vessels by causing inflammation, narrowing, or even complete blockage. This sometimes happens in both eyes simultaneously. 

When these blood vessels are blocked, the affected areas of the retina don’t get enough oxygen and nutrients, which can lead to vision loss. Sometimes, the eye tries to compensate by growing new, abnormal blood vessels, but these can cause additional problems including bleeding inside the eye. This condition often develops gradually and doesn’t always show up right away—abnormal blood vessel growth has been observed up to 2 years after the initial blockage.

Ischemic Retinopathy 

When meth restricts blood flow to the retina,9 it can cause a condition called ischemic retinopathy. Think of it like a stroke in the eye, where parts of the retina don’t get enough oxygen. This can create blind spots or areas of blurry vision that could become permanent without treatment.

Other Health Complications From Meth Use 

While changes in the eyes are often noticeable first, meth affects many parts of the body.10 Users might experience:

  • Skin problems, including sores that are slow to heal
  • Significant weight loss and malnutrition
  • Heart problems and high blood pressure
  • Dental issues, often called “meth mouth”
  • Difficulties with memory and concentration

The Importance of Early Recognition

Recognizing the Signs of Meth Eyes in Loved Ones 

If you notice changes in someone’s eyes along with shifts in their behavior or health, it’s natural to be concerned. While it can seem intimidating to approach someone about their suspected meth use, recognizing these signs early can make a huge difference in their recovery journey—and ultimately, in their life. Addiction is a health condition, not a moral failing, and your loved one deserves support and understanding.

When talking to someone you love about your concerns,

  • Choose a calm, private moment
  • Express care rather than criticism
  • Focus on specific changes you’ve noticed
  • Listen without judgment
  • Be ready to help them find professional support

Learn more about staging an intervention here.

Seeking Professional Help for Meth Addiction 

Recovery from meth addiction is possible, and professional help makes the journey safer, easier, and more effective. Treatment usually involves a combination of approaches:

  • Medical supervision for safe detox
  • Individual and group counseling
  • Support groups to help you connect with others on similar journeys 
  • Treatment for physical health issues, including eye problems
  • Ongoing support for lasting recovery

Learn more about the importance of long-term recovery support in our article on continuing care.

Preventing Long-Term Health Consequences 

The sooner you get help for meth use, the better chance you have of avoiding permanent health problems. Many of the eye and vision changes caused by meth can improve with proper treatment and sustained recovery. Your healthcare provider can also help you manage any lasting effects and prevent further damage.

Addressing the Risks of Meth Use Early

If you or someone you care about is struggling with meth use, help is available. Recovery is a journey, and with proper support, people can and do overcome meth addiction every day. Look for a meth addiction treatment center that matches your criteria and reach out to a support specialist directly today.

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Meth Use and Addiction: Key Signs, Health Risks, and Paths to Recovery

Methamphetamine, a powerful and highly addictive stimulant, can quickly take a toll on your body and mind. It delivers an immediate, short-lived high, but its long-term consequences are severe and often irreversible. From physical deterioration to mental health issues, meth addiction damages lives. Here’s how to recognize the signs of meth use and intervene early to get life-saving help.

What Is Methamphetamine?

While it once had some medical uses, meth’s addictive nature quickly led to its widespread use as a dangerously addictive drug. Also known as crank, crystal, glass, ice, speed, tweak, and trash, the vast majority of meth use is now illicit. 

Origin and History of Meth

First synthesized in the early 20th century, methamphetamine was initially developed for medical purposes.1 It was used to treat conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. But over time, this expanded beyond the medical field into recreational use—and its ability to cause dependency and addiction quickly became apparent. 

Legal Status of Meth

In the U.S., meth is classified as a Schedule II drug,2 meaning it has a high potential for abuse but also has limited medical uses under strict regulations. Medications like Desoxyn, a prescription form of methamphetamine, are still used in rare cases to treat ADHD and obesity. But outside of these controlled settings, the production, distribution, and use of methamphetamine are illegal, and its illicit street forms—most notably crystal meth—pose significant risks to public health.

Illegal labs use precursor drugs to produce meth. In the U.S., these consist mainly of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine. Since the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005,3 pharmacies must keep nonprescription versions of these drugs behind the counter or in a locked cabinet, as well as require ID and keep a record of those who purchase them. 

Meth abuse is taken seriously because of its egregious consequences. According to addiction professionals, 

Methamphetamine abuse is a serious public health problem because of both costs associated with treatment of methamphetamine-associated adverse health effects and crime and violence perpetrated to obtain methamphetamine or because of methamphetamine-related aggressive behavior.

Part of this risk includes meth labs: small, illegal labs where meth is produced. Meth is made with dangerous, flammable chemicals which—in these unregulated environments—often cause accidents like explosions, burns, and toxic exposures. Most meth labs are located in residential buildings, which expose those living in and around these spaces to these dangers. 

Methods of Meth Consumption

Meth can be consumed in several ways, each with its own risks:

Smoking

This is a common method of meth use, as it delivers a quick and intense high. When smoked, meth enters the bloodstream through the lungs, taking effect almost immediately. But the fast euphoria is followed by a sharp crash, driving people to seek more of the drug to prolong the high and avoid withdrawals.

Injecting

Injecting meth is an even more intense experience, as it introduces meth directly into the bloodstream. This method carries a higher risk of overdose due to the difficulty in controlling the dose. It also increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis via needle sharing.4

Snorting

Snorting meth can damage the nasal cavity and lead to chronic nosebleeds, in addition to many of the same health risks as other methods of use.

Short-Term Effects of Meth Use

An intense central nervous system stimulant, meth affects gut health, immunity, and virtually every other system in the body. Addiction researchers warn that “methamphetamine is associated with adverse effects to every organ system.”5 

Physical Health Impacts

Meth use causes profound physical changes. Even in small amounts, meth has pronounced effects:6

  • “Increased wakefulness
  • Increased physical activity
  • Decreased appetite
  • Rapid breathing and heart rate
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Hyperthermia (overheating)”

Meth reduces your body’s need for sleep, which is why people who use it often stay up for days at a time. This exhaustion suppresses the immune system. Even short-term meth use can cause dangerous weight loss and physical deterioration.

You can overdose on meth. High doses of meth elevate body temperature and can cause stroke, heart attack, or multiple organ problems from overheating.  

Mental Health Impacts

Meth’s intense euphoria comes with a dark side. As the drug wears off, paranoia, anxiety, and agitated behavior often set in. Short-term mental effects of meth include: 

  • Anxiety 
  • Confusion 
  • Insomnia 
  • Visual and auditory hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Mood disturbances
  • The sensation of insects crawling on or under the skin

Some people even experience psychotic symptoms, which can become more pronounced with long-term use.

Long-Term Effects of Meth Use

Meth has far-reaching consequences for both physical and mental health. Chronic use can cause significant deterioration in bodily systems and cognitive functions.

Chronic Physical Health Issues

Chronic meth use takes a major toll on the body. One of the most visible consequences is “meth mouth,”7 a condition marked by severe dental decay and tooth loss. Other issues include: 

  • Skin sores: Severe skin infections from skin picking and scratching 
  • Malnutrition and weight loss: Rapid weight loss from suppressed appetite
  • Cardiovascular damage: Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure
  • Kidney damage: Impaired kidney function and increased risk of kidney failure

Neuropsychological Consequences

Long-term meth use causes noticeable changes in brain chemistry, especially in the areas responsible for memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation. This can lead to: 

  • Cognitive impairment: Meth damages brain structures involved in memory, learning, and decision-making.
  • Mental health issues: Meth increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and psychosis.
  • Neurotoxicity:8 Long-term use can lead to neurotoxicity as it damages brain cells and causes cognitive decline.

Over time, people who use meth may notice mental deficits like memory loss and trouble focusing. Meth use also heightens the risk of developing mental health disorders like depression, anxiety, and psychosis—some people even experience psychotic symptoms long after they stop using.9

Signs of Meth Addiction

Meth’s effects on brain structures affect decision-making and the ability to break habits that involve harmful behaviors. This decline in mental flexibility is a major driver of meth addiction10 and relapse.

Recognizing the signs of meth addiction is critical for early intervention.

Behavioral Symptoms

Behavioral signs of meth use include:

  • Erratic behavior: Sudden mood swings, irritability, and unpredictable (or even violent) behavior
  • Social withdrawal: Isolating and neglecting relationships
  • Hyperactivity: Increased energy levels and a decreased need for sleep
  • Compulsive behaviors: Obsessive behaviors, such as compulsive skin-picking

Physical Indicators

Physical signs of meth use can be just as telling:

  • Rapid weight loss: Significant weight loss as a result of decreased appetite and increased metabolism
  • Meth mouth: Severe dental decay or tooth loss
  • Skin sores: Open sores and infections from picking at the skin 
  • Dilated pupils: Meth can cause the pupils to become unresponsive to light.

Paraphernalia Associated With Use

People who use meth often hide these items in unusual places:

  • Glass pipes
  • Needles
  • Small plastic bags
  • Aluminum foil

Risks and Complications of Meth Addiction

Health Complications

Meth addiction comes with a host of health risks,11 many of which can be life-threatening. Cardiovascular damage, respiratory issues, liver failure, and kidney damage are all common among long-term users. People who use meth are also at an increased risk of infectious diseases due to risky behaviors like needle sharing and unprotected sex. 

Social Ramifications

Studies now show that the brain changes meth produces can also impair social functioning.12 As with any addiction, meth abuse strains relationships, often resulting in the loss of jobs, friendships, or partnerships. Legal troubles are also common as meth use can lead to criminal activity like theft, assault, and drug trafficking.   

Understanding Meth Addiction

Nature of Addiction and Dependency

Methamphetamine use disorder is one of the most challenging addictions to treat because of its intense neurological effects. Meth hijacks the brain’s reward system as it floods the brain with dopamine, creating a cycle of craving and use that quickly leads to dependency. 

Tolerance and Escalation of Use

As tolerance builds, people feel the need to take increasingly larger doses of meth to achieve the same effect. This escalation can happen in just a short amount of time. Higher dosage and more frequent use increase the risk of meth overdose, especially when it’s mixed with other substances. The more meth someone uses, the harder it becomes to break out of their addiction.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Once people are dependent, their brains produce less natural dopamine and they have a hard time feeling pleasure from anything other than meth. At this stage, trying to quit results in withdrawals: 

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Intense cravings

Meth withdrawal symptoms13 are deeply uncomfortable, and are a large part of what drives people back to using. That’s why it’s so important to detox under professional care, and follow detox with comprehensive addiction treatment to address the underlying causes of meth use. 

Treatment Options for Meth Addiction

Inpatient Rehabilitation Programs

Inpatient rehab programs provide a structured, supportive environment for people who want to focus solely on their recovery. These programs offer tailored treatment plans to address the phsycial and psychological aspects of meth addiction. Many people find huge benefits in the immersive nature of inpatient care and connection to sober community.

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

While there is no specific medication approved for treating methamphetamine addiction, some medications can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. Research is ongoing to find more effective treatments for meth use disorder,14 but current strategies often involve a combination of medications for mood stabilization and behavioral therapy.

Counseling and Behavioral Therapies

Effective behavioral therapies for meth addiction include: 

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help you identify and change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors. In addiction treatment, it helps people recognize triggers, develop coping strategies, and build healthier habits for long-term recovery.
  • Contingency management (CM), which uses a reward system to encourage positive behaviors like sobriety. CM reinforces the benefits of staying on track, making it especially effective for those in early recovery.
  • Motivational interviewing (MI), a collaborative approach that helps you explore your reasons for change. MI is designed to encourage self-motivation, helping you resolve ambivalence and commit to recovery.
  • Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) combines mindfulness practices with relapse prevention techniques to help you observe their thoughts and cravings without judgment. This reduces impulsive responses and helps you manage triggers.
  • The Matrix Model: Originally designed for stimulant addiction, this multi-faceted approach, combines individual counseling, group therapy, family education, and support groups. It emphasizes accountability and building supportive relationships for sustained recovery.

Comprehensive addiction treatment involves a combination of therapies to address the multiple aspects of addiction. In rehab, your treatment team will custom-design a plan for you depending on your needs. 

Recovery From Meth Addiction

Meth use and addiction have severe consequences that only get worse over time. Recognizing signs and getting help early on can help you avoid long-term consequences for your physical, mental, and social health. Search for meth addiction treatment centers by location, price range, facilities and more to get started on your journey toward a new, meth-free life today.

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How to Use Naloxone: What Is Narcan and Where to Find It

If someone is overdosing, immediately call 911 or local emergency services.

Narcan, or naloxone, is used to reverse opioid overdose. Opioids, such as heroin, opium, morphine, codeine, and fentanyl, can be legal prescription medications or illegal substances. 

Overdose occurs when an opioid’s depressant effects on the central nervous system cause life-threatening reactions. Narcan reverses an overdose by binding to the same brain receptors as opioids, thereby blocking the opioids from attaching to the receptors. This helps restore normal breathing and consciousness.

Narcan is usually administered through a nasal spray, and it can also be injected.

When to Use Narcan

It’s possible for opioid users to accidentally ingest too much at once and overdose. Other substances like MDMA can be cut with opioids, such as fentanyl, to lower production costs. If someone is displaying the signs of overdose, even if they didn’t knowingly take an opioid, you can still administer narcan—narcan won’t harm someone who didn’t ingest opioids1.

Overdoses usually include respiratory failure, where breathing becomes slow, shallow, or even stops completely. Other signs of overdose1 include:

  • Unconsciousness 
  • Very small pupils
  • Vomiting
  • Inability to speak
  • Faint heartbeat
  • Limp arms and legs
  • Pale skin
  • Purple lips and fingernails

Without immediate medical intervention, an opioid overdose can be fatal. In addition to using narcan in the event of an overdose, immediately call 911 or local emergency services.

Until emergency services arrive, you can help someone who’s overdosing2 by assisting them to sit or lay down in an open space. You can administer CPR if you are qualified, and if their skin is blue, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Additionally, use Narcan.

How to Administer Narcan

The American Medical Association created instructions showing how to administer Narcan3. You can also watch in video format:

If you are using NARCAN nasal spray, follow these steps:

  1. Peel back the package and remove the device. Put your thumb on the bottom of the plunger and two fingers on the nozzle.
  2. Place and hold the tip of the nozzle in either nostril until your fingers touch the bottom of the patient’s nose.
  3. Press the plunger firmly to release the dose into the patient’s nose.

Tip: When administering a nasal spray, help the patient gently tip their chin upward. This helps open their airways so the spray can better reach the bloodstream.

If you are using EVZIO auto-injector, follow these steps:

  1. Pull the auto-injector from the outer case.
  2. Firmly pull off the red safety guard; do not touch the black base (this is where the needle comes out).
  3. Place the black end of the auto-injector against the outer thigh, through clothing if necessary.
  4. Press firmly and hold in place for 5 seconds. (There will be a distinct “hiss” and “click” sound when working properly. The needle will not be visible after use.)

If you are using yellow cap nasal spray, follow these steps:

  1. Pry off the syringe’s yellow caps (both sides).
  2. Pry off the purple cap on the naloxone capsule. 
  3. Grip the clear plastic wings on the spray nozzle.
  4. Thread the spray nozzle on the syringe.
  5. Gently screw the naloxone capsule into the barrel of the syringe.  
  6. Insert white spray nozzle into the patient’s nostril. Give a short, firm push on the end of the naloxone capsule to spray.
  7. Administer half of the capsule into each nostril.

If you are using an intramuscular syringe needle, follow these steps:

  1. Inject 1 cc of naloxone straight into a muscle, such as the thigh, outer side of the glute, and shoulder.

Administer another dose of Narcan if the patient doesn’t respond/wake up after 2-3 minutes.

Where to Find Narcan

Fortunately, Narcan is becoming more widely available. You can purchase Narcan over the counter in many pharmacies. Local health clinics and community health centers may offer naloxone training and distribution. 

You can also order it online from websites like Narcan.com4. Some states will even send it to you for free—search “free Narcan _(your state or city)_” to find an organization.

How to Care for Someone After You Give Narcan

After you administer Narcan to someone, stay with the person. Emergency services should already be dialed and on their way, but don’t leave the person’s side until medical professionals assist them.

If the person is not breathing or has a weak pulse, continue with CPR if you are trained to do so. Otherwise, ensure the person is lying comfortably on their side with their airways clear to avoid choking on vomit. Once medical professionals arrive, discuss all relevant details to the overdose and what you have done to assist the person (including the type of Narcan you administered and how many doses).

How to Become Trained to Administer Narcan

You can become a trained Narcan administrator through online courses or in-person events. Websites such as Overdose Lifeline5, The Center for Disease Control6, End Overdose7, and American Red Cross8 provide virtual training. You can typically become certified in an hour or less.

Sometimes, you can receive training in person at harm reduction events. Some states may have a map showing where you can get trained, such as Colorado’s End Overdose page9.

However, even if you are not Narcan trained, you can and should still use it to save someone’s life.

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A Parent’s Guide to Drug Smells and Odors

If you think your child might be using drugs, certain smells can help you know for sure. Some substances have distinctive odors. You’re probably already familiar with a few, like alcohol or cigarette smoke. But some of the most dangerous drugs, like meth and PCP, can be harder to identify. This guide will teach you to recognize the smells of several different drugs and help you decide what to do next.

Common Drug Smells and Odors

Drugs can leave lingering odors in your child’s room, in their car, or on their clothes. You might also associate a strong smell with certain behaviors. Does your teen smell different every time they come home from band practice? Or, do they seem more irritable whenever they smell a certain way? 

Once you recognize the smell of drugs, you can get your teen the help they need. But first, it’s important to know what you’re dealing with. And wrong assumptions can make matters worse. Even the best treatment for alcohol abuse might not help your teen recover from meth addiction.

Marijuana

There are many strains of marijuana, and each one smells a little different. But most weed smells “skunky,”1 with distinctive sour, earthy notes. Some describe it as smelling like burnt rope.2 It can also smell light or even citrusy, depending on the varietal. 

Synthetic Cannabinoids

A growing number of U.S. states are legalizing marijuana. As that trend continues, scientists develop more and more synthetic versions of the drug. K2, or spice, is one of these. While K2 isn’t meant for human consumption,3 some people ingest it anyway. Some say that spice smells a lot like marijuana. 

However, other synthetic cannabinoids may smell different.4 One study found that several of these drugs smelled like naphthalene, an ingredient in mothballs. As more synthetic cannabinoids come on the market, it’s hard to predict exactly how each of them will smell. 

If your child is abusing any of these cannabis products, it may be time to research marijuana rehab centers.

PCP

Phencyclidine, more commonly called PCP or angel dust, is a dangerous dissociative.5 This drug is infamous for its more severe side effects, which include paranoia and physical violence. It can even be fatal. 

PCP normally appears as a powder, pill, or liquid. These inert forms of the drug are odorless.6 However, you can smoke PCP by adding the powder to any plant, including marijuana, tobacco, or even herbs like mint. 

The smoke from PCP smells like ammonia. If you find this strong chemical smell on your child’s clothes or belongings, they may be using the drug. But if you notice a characteristic PCP smell coming from an entire home or building, you may be close to a lab that manufactures it on a larger scale. 

Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine, or crack, is a more potent form of cocaine.7 Both of these drugs are stimulants, and they have an immediate effect on circulation. Your heart beats faster, but your blood vessels get smaller. In extreme cases, this can cause seizures or heart attacks. 

Cocaine is a white powder, and usually odorless. Crack cocaine, however, appears in the form of a rock or crystal, and it has a distinctive smell when smoked. Many people report that crack smells like burnt plastic.8 

Meth

Methamphetamine, or meth, is an extremely powerful stimulant.9 This drug is most common in rural towns, and it can wreak havoc on entire communities. Most of the time, people manufacture it in illegal at-home labs. Because meth includes such volatile chemicals, these labs can easily catch fire or even explode.

Like other synthetic drugs, including crack cocaine, meth emits a strong chemical smell.10 Some compare it to ammonia or burning plastic. If your child smokes meth regularly, or in large quantities, their sweat may start to smell the same way.

Experts say that meth is a “community disease.”11 Even more than other drugs, it affects entire social groups. As a result, your child may need a change of scenery to fully recover. If you’re noticing a meth smell in your home, you can look into meth rehab centers that treat teens.

Recognizing Drug Paraphernalia

Not everyone is an expert drug smell detector. And even if you are, your teen might be very good at hiding their substance use. They could also be using odorless drugs, like prescription pills. 

If you can’t smell drugs, but you’re still concerned about your child’s behavior, you can keep an eye out for common drug paraphernalia.12 Any of these items may smell like their associated drugs.

Marijuana and Cannabinoid Paraphernalia

  • Glass, metal, or wooden pipes
  • Bongs
  • DIY pipes, such as a pipe carved out of an apple or a Coke can with a puncture in the side
  • Prescription pill bottles with or without printed labels, which can be used to store marijuana
  • Herb grinders
  • Lighters
  • Cigarette rolling papers or blunt wraps
  • Vape pens
  • Bottles of vape juice
  • Blowtorches
  • Lighters
  • Shallow dishes or trays with drug residue

PCP Paraphernalia

  • Dark-colored cigarettes
  • Cigarette rolling papers
  • Bags of plant matter, such as marijuana or non-psychoactive herbs
  • Glass or metal pipes
  • Bongs
  • Lighters

Cocaine and Crack Cocaine Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Lighters
  • Small spoons, keys, or other objects that can fit inside a nostril
  • Small plastic bags
  • Small glass or plastic bottles with screw tops
  • Rolled bills or straws that have been cut down
  • Credit cards, ID cards, or razor blades with white residue
  • Small mirrors or plates with white residue or scratch marks

Because cocaine normally doesn’t have a smell, it can be harder to detect than smokable drugs. If you’re worried your child is snorting the powdered version, you can learn how to tell if someone is using cocaine. 

Meth Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Spoons
  • Tinfoil
  • Lighters

Injectable Drug Paraphernalia

Some people inject drugs like meth, crack cocaine, and PCP. However, heroin is the most common injectable drug.13 No matter which substance a person is injecting, they’ll probably use similar paraphernalia:

  • Syringes
  • Metal spoons or cookers14 (small metal containers used for heating drugs over a flame)
  • Lighters
  • Items that can be used as tourniquets,15 including elastic strips, belts, neckties, and similar

Injecting drugs16 is one of the most dangerous ways to take them. It substantially increases the risk of infectious diseases, including HIV and hepatitis. If you suspect your teen is injecting drugs, they may need immediate professional support. To get them the help they need, you can start by researching heroin rehab centers. 

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Use

Addiction causes behavioral changes17—but so does adolescence. It can be hard to tell the difference between normal teen development and more serious problems. According to experts, there are a few warning signs that your child might need help: 

  1. Their demeanor changes suddenly.
  2. Multiple signs of addiction appear at the same time. 
  3. Their behavior is extreme. 

But what specific signs should you look for? You can keep your child safe by watching out for these symptoms of substance abuse:18

  • Frequently changing friend groups
  • Regularly staying out after their curfew
  • Lying about where they’ve been
  • Making transparent excuses for bad behavior
  • Pulling back from family activities
  • Disrespecting authority figures such as parents, teachers, or other adults
  • Academic problems
  • Changes in appearance
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, or pinpoint pupils
  • Unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Uncharacteristic or unprovoked anger
  • Poor judgment
  • Irritability
  • Depression
  • Mood swings
  • Drastic changes to sleep habits

Identifying Drug Smells in the Home

When you want to keep your child safe, asking “What do drugs smell like?” can be a good first step. But smells can be deceiving. If you think you’re smelling drugs, you should gather more information before confronting your child.

First, consider the context in which you’re noticing the smell: 

  • Is the smell coming from your child’s bedroom, the clothes they’re wearing, their body, or somewhere else? 
  • Do you only notice it at certain times of the day? 
  • Does your child act differently when they smell that way? 

Use your answers to make a plan of action. For example, if you notice the smell in their bedroom, you might want to take a look around while they’re out of the house. Or if the smell only happens late at night, you can check in on them around that time to make sure they’re okay. 

Looking for Drugs in Your Home

If you think your teen may be keeping substances in your home, you should be aware of a few common hiding spots for drugs:19

  • Electronics with closed compartments (calculators, game consoles, alarm clocks, etc.)
  • Highlighters or pens with caps
  • Candy wrappers or snack containers
  • Heating vents
  • Stuffed animals
  • Car interiors, especially any hidden compartments

Some retailers also sell disguised stash containers, which look like other objects. For example, your teen might have a smell-proof container that looks exactly like a can of soda. 

Addressing Drug Use With Your Child

Every behavior—even dangerous behavior—serves a purpose. If your child’s using drugs, there’s a reason for it. But they might not know what that reason is. Maybe they’re trying to self-medicate mental health issues, impress their friends, or just get your attention. Whatever need they’re trying to meet, you can help them address it in a more effective way. 

In many cases, the next step is to talk to your child about their behavior. You can also get the help of a therapist or addiction specialist, or even stage an intervention. Whatever you decide, take your time to prepare for this conversation. Go into it with a plan for what you’ll say, and clear goals for the future. 

The most important thing is opening communication with your child, and letting them know you’re on their side. Try to avoid blaming them or punishing them for their behavior. Instead, focus on giving them more support. This could mean that you set stronger boundaries, or take away privileges like staying out after a certain time. You can also look for more sustainable ways to meet their emotional needs. For example, you might suggest a weekly family hike or movie night. 

If your child is abusing drugs, they may need professional mental health treatment. It’s best to start researching treatment programs before it becomes an emergency. You can also reach out to rehab programs to ask for their expert advice. 

Prevention and Education

Whether or not your child is using drugs, there are things you can do to keep them safe. Experts have identified certain risk factors for drug use among teens:20

  • Conflict with parents
  • Inconsistent, harsh, or lacking discipline
  • Substance use by parents or siblings
  • Physical abuse
  • Lack of supervision
  • Academic problems

Addressing these issues can lower your child’s risk of substance abuse. You can also teach them about addiction, and what to do if they encounter drug use. For example, you can encourage them to call you for a ride home if any of their friends offer them drugs. 

Seeking Professional Assistance

Data suggests that instead of talking to their parents, teens confide in other adults21 more readily. In addition to offering them emotional support, you can connect them with a larger community of people. That could include trusted friends, extended family, and mental health providers. 

You can choose the right type of healthcare professional based on your family’s needs. These experts can help in a variety of ways: 

  • Offering a safe space in which teens can talk about their feelings
  • Diagnosing underlying mental health issues
  • Prescribing non-addictive medications 
  • Recommending specific types of long-term treatment
  • Facilitating communication between family members
  • Educating parents on how to best support teenagers

Addiction and mental health treatment are different for everyone. Your child might benefit from seeing a talk therapist, psychiatrist, social worker, or other specialist. In most rehab programs—including inpatient and outpatient centers—they’ll get coordinated care from a team of experts. 

While treatment will focus on your child, it often includes the whole family. You might attend group therapy sessions or just receive updates about their progress. Their care team will probably also suggest ways to improve your whole family’s dynamic. 

Supporting Your Child’s Well-Being

If you discover that your child is using drugs, it’s a sign that something has to change. Going forward, they’ll probably need new kinds of support. That could mean going to rehab, switching schools, or something else entirely. In any event, this might be the start of a turbulent time. 

As your child makes this transition, look for ways to provide stability: 

  • Communicate openly. Foster a supportive home environment by talking to your child about their feelings. You can also share your own experience in a gentle, loving way.
  • Set clear boundaries and expectations. Reward their progress and provide consistent discipline. 
  • Connect with the other people in their support network. This may include therapists, teachers, friends, or extended family. Work as a team to support your child’s ongoing recovery.
  • Set a positive example. Children with parents who abuse substances,22 including alcohol, have a higher risk of addiction. 
  • Look for ways to have fun. Finding joy is an essential part of recovery. Encourage your child to try new hobbies they might find meaningful. You can also plan regular activities as a family.

Remember that your child isn’t the only one going through a major life change. Their journey affects you and your whole family. Make sure you get the support you need, too. You might see a 1:1 therapist, lean on trusted friends, or just take time for yourself. 

Practicing self-care has several benefits. First, you’ll ensure that you have the emotional bandwidth to help your child face whatever challenges arise. You’ll also show your child that it’s okay to ask for help when they need it. 

Moving Forward Together

If you’re concerned that your child might be doing drugs, there are a few steps you can take to keep them safe: 

  • Learn how to detect drug smells in your home or on your child’s clothes.
  • Check for drug paraphernalia, making sure to look in common hiding places.
  • Talk to your child about drug use.
  • Get expert advice from mental health professionals. 

Parenting is a constant learning process. And the more you know about substance abuse, the more tools you’ll have to help your child. If they need professional support, you can always connect with a rehab program for teens.

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug Smells and Odors

What does meth smell like?

Methamphetamine, or meth, emits a strong chemical smell resembling ammonia or burning plastic. Recognizing this distinct odor can help identify potential methamphetamine use.

What does fentanyl smell like?

Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, lacks a distinctive smell. It’s generally odorless, making it hard to detect based on smell alone. However, recognizing other signs and symptoms of fentanyl use is crucial.

What drug smells like burnt plastic?

Crack cocaine is often associated with a smell similar to burnt plastic. This distinct odor is a characteristic of crack cocaine when smoked. Recognizing this smell can help identify possible crack cocaine use.

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How Long Does It Take to Detox?

Detox usually lasts at least a couple of days, but many factors can affect how long detox lasts and your side effects. Getting proper care during this sensitive time is vital. Licensed professionals will help you understand how long the detox process is and safely guide you through it.

These days can provide an opportunity to start a healthier life, and detox can help lay the foundation for success. Residential or outpatient treatment can further equip you with necessary skills to maintain sobriety. To begin your journey towards a healthier life, explore the various detox services available.

Factors Affecting Detox Duration

Here are 4 things to consider when talking with a doctor about what your detox process will look like:

  • How long you’ve been using the substance
  • To what extent you’ve been using the substance
  • If you’ve been using just one substance vs multiple substances
  • Individual factors, such as overall health, mental health conditions, and metabolism
detox timeline

Detox Timeline for Common Substances

Every substance, and every person, is different, but this is what you can expect to encounter during detox for each substance. 

Alcohol

Alcohol detox usually lasts 2 – 10 days1. Symptoms appear within 6 – 24 hours after quitting drinking and are most severe during the 36 – 72 hour period. Symptoms include:

  • Anxiety
  • Sweating
  • Tremors
  • Dehydration
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Insomnia
  • Nausea and vomiting

Severe withdrawal may involve complications like:

  • Seizures
  • Hallucinations
  • Delirium tremens
  • Extreme agitation

Alcohol detox can be life threatening, so doing this with medical care is vital.

Opioids/Heroin

Opioids are drugs such as heroin, opium, morphine, codeine, and methadone. Detox can last 4 – 20 days, depending on the opioid used1. Quick-acting opioids like heroin typically have a shorter duration than long-acting opioids like fentanyl. Withdrawal symptoms usually appear in 8 – 12 hours after quitting. Symptoms include:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Hot and cold flashes
  • Sweating
  • Muscle cramps
  • Diarrhea

Opioid withdrawal can be safely worked through as long as you are detoxing with medical supervision. 

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs that act as central nervous system depressants. Doctors prescribe them to treat anxiety and sleeping disorders. This drug is relatively easy to become addicted to, so if you are prescribed benzodiazepines, you should use them with caution.

Detox typically lasts 2 – 8 weeks, depending on the benzodiazepine. Quick acting benzodiazepines, like oxazepam, have a shorter detox period1, while clonazepam and other long acting ones have longer detox periods. Symptoms include:

  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Restlessness
  • Agitation
  • Poor concentration and memory
  • Muscle pains

Benzodiazepine withdrawal could be fatal, so it’s important to taper off these with guidance from medical professionals.

Meth/Stimulants

Stimulants are drugs such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, and cocaine. Detox usually lasts 3 – 5 days1, and symptoms begin within 24 hours of quitting. Symptoms include:

  • Agitation and irritability
  • Depression
  • Increased sleeping and appetite
  • Muscle aches

Particularly those who use methamphetamine can develop hallucinations, paranoia, or depressed thoughts during detox.

Meth and stimulant withdrawal can be safely worked through as long as you detox with medical support. 

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are depressant drugs prescribed for sleep aid, muscle spasms, anxiety relief, and seizure prevention. Detox usually lasts around 2 weeks, and symptoms appear 2 – 4 days after stopping the medication2. Symptoms include:

Barbiturate detox can be life-threatening, so it’s vital to do so under medical supervision.

Marijuana

Marijuana detox typically lasts 1 – 2 weeks1, and the symptoms are relatively mild compared to other detoxification processes. However, this can still be an uncomfortable experience. Symptoms include:

  • Anxiety 
  • Feelings of fear or dissociation
  • Restlessness
  • Irritability
  • Poor appetite
  • Disturbed sleep
  • Gastrointestinal upsets
  • Night sweats
  • Tremors

Marijuana withdrawal can be safely worked through as long as you detox with medical supervision. 

Your Unique Experience Detoxing

Taking all of this into account, detox duration and experience can vary from person to person.

The detox process can negatively affect your co-occurring disorder(s)4 or vice versa. This could apply to medical disorders or mental disorders. Agitation, depression, or hallucinations can appear during detox, so if your mental health issues include these, they may be heightened during this process.

Be sure to tell your doctor about any medical conditions you have. It’s very important that they take these into account when deciding what medication to give you, your tapering timeline, etc.

Medical Detox vs. Other Forms of Detox

Detox is a broad term, and the general definition is to rid the body of toxic things. When we hear “detox,” we may first think of using dandelion tea to cleanse our bodies, or holistically-based cellular detox. 

Medical detox, what we’ve been covering in this article, involves ridding the body of drugs or alcohol under the supervision of licensed medical professionals. Often, this involves using medication to assist the detoxification, like methadone and diazepam. 

Coming off of any substance could have negative or life threatening effects, so this process shouldn’t be taken lightly. Your detox beyond dandelion tea needs to be medically monitored for your own safety and well being.  

Detoxing Safely With Professional Guidance

Substance detox is a complicated process that requires professional guidance 24/71. Doctors can help you safely rid yourself of the substance. You could risk harming yourself if you detox without proper care. You might also relapse without the guidance of a doctor. Having professionals there helps make this uncomfortable experience as comfortable as possible. 

Post-Detox Transition and Treatment

Detox is a great start to recovery, but most of the time people will relapse if that’s the only care they receive1. The next part of your journey can include attending a residential or outpatient program to build your recovery toolkit with essential coping skills. In fact, SAMHSA emphasizes this as their 3rd pillar of detoxification5. These 3 components are 

  • Evaluation: testing how substance use has affected your body and creating a plan
  • Stabilization: medically assisted detox to get you to a stable, substance-free state
  • Fostering the patient’s entry into treatment: emphasizing the importance that you follow through with a substance abuse program to maintain your sobriety

During detox, you usually won’t participate in talk therapy because you’re in a susceptible, healing state. The real work and self growth comes after detox. During residential or outpatient care, you’ll work in individual and group therapy sessions using a variety of methods, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is a highly effective treatment for addiction6. This is because it targets the thoughts, feelings, and behavior patterns that are common in substance use disorder.

You can build a support network with your therapists, peers, and family. You’ll learn to identify the early warning signs of relapse. You can even participate in relapse prevention groups. And in treatment, you’ll have more time to solidify your new coping skills. 

Addiction is more than just using substances, and recovery is more than just detoxing from those substances. It’s impacted your perspective and how you think. Treatment can guide you back to a better place by shifting how you view yourself, your surroundings, and your future. 

 A Step Forward You can try your best to plan for what your detox may look like, but the bottom line is that there are a lot of variables. Detoxing safely with medical professionals ensures that the bumps along the road during this process can be molehills instead of mountains. Explore where your new journey will take you by starting with detox.