Tag: Young Adults

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Navigating the Tempest: Understanding Binge Drinking in College

As dusk settles on college campuses, a familiar scene unfolds. Throngs of students escape the confines of lecture halls, swapping textbooks for what might seem like harmless revelry. Yet, beneath the veneer of college nightlife lurks a more troubling ritual: binge drinking. This practice, often glamorized as a rite of passage, carries profound implications for health, safety, and academic success.

Binge Drinking in College: Understanding the Risks and Promoting Safer Choices

Binge drinking in college is a pervasive issue that threatens student health, academic performance, and safety. Understanding the risks associated with this behavior is crucial for developing strategies that promote safer choices. Defined as consuming an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period, binge drinking is alarmingly common among college students, often due to social pressures, a desire for acceptance, or as a misguided method for managing stress. 

The consequences can be severe, ranging from immediate risks like accidents and alcohol poisoning to long-term effects such as liver damage and psychological disorders. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach that includes education on responsible drinking, enhancing campus mental health resources, and fostering an environment where students feel supported in making healthier decisions. By raising awareness and providing practical interventions, colleges can help mitigate the dangers of binge drinking and guide students toward safer, more informed choices.

The High Tide of Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks for men or four or more for women1 in about two hours. However, these numbers are just a starting point for many college students. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reports alarming statistics: roughly 2 out of 5 college students admit to binge drinking within the past month.

Why do so many students find themselves caught in the current of excessive drinking? The reasons are as complex as the individuals themselves. Social pressure acts as a powerful undertow, pulling even the most steadfast into its depths. For others, alcohol serves as an anchor, steadying the tumult of stress and anxiety that often accompanies university life.

The Impact: A Ripple Effect

The consequences of binge drinking extend beyond individual health risks, such as injuries, alcohol poisoning, and long-term effects on brain function. Academically, it’s a storm surge that washes away potential. Studies link heavy episodic drinking to lower GPAs, missed classes, and delayed graduations. Socially, it can erode trust, fueling incidents of assault and impaired relationships.

Yet, it’s the hidden ripcurrents of mental health issues that are particularly concerning. Many students who binge drink may be attempting to navigate the murky waters of depression or anxiety, not realizing that alcohol, in reality, may pull them further from shore.

Changing Tides: Strategies for Navigating Safer Waters

Addressing binge drinking in college requires a multifaceted approach beyond mere policy changes and tapping into the heart of campus culture. Here are some strategies that can be implemented:

  1. Education and Awareness: Knowledge is the lighthouse guiding students away from dangerous waters. Comprehensive education about the effects of alcohol, tailored to college students’ realities, can demystify myths and highlight risks.
  1. Building Community: Creating strong, inclusive communities on campus can provide the social fulfillment many seek from alcohol. Clubs, sports, and other group activities can offer social connections without the need for binge drinking.
  1. Mental Health Support: Enhancing access to mental health resources can help address underlying issues that may contribute to binge drinking. Counseling, support groups, and wellness programs can provide lifelines to those struggling.
  2. Peer Intervention Programs: Training students to recognize the signs of alcohol abuse among their peers—and to intervene effectively—can act as a first line of defense against binge drinking behaviors.
  1. Parental Involvement: Engaging parents in discussions about alcohol providing them with strategies to open dialogues with their children, can reinforce healthy behaviors from a trusted source.

A Call to Action

As we chart the course for healthier collegiate environments, it’s crucial that all stakeholders—students, faculty, administrators, and parents—work collaboratively to alter the tide of binge drinking. No matter how small, each step taken is a step towards calmer, safer seas.

While the waters of college life are often turbulent, navigating them does not necessitate succumbing to the undertow of binge drinking. We can guide our students to survive and thrive in these formative years with concerted efforts and communal support.

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Adderall Addiction Treatment

Many see adderall as a “safe” drug because it can be medically prescribed and appears to lack negative side effects; however, adderall is one of the most addictive drugs on the market today1, especially for teens. Emerging adults, a population with developing, vulnerable brains, are more likely to take adderall to navigate school work, their social lives, and other stressors. 

Understanding the potential for addiction, health risks, and early intervention techniques can prevent long-term complications with this drug.

Understanding Adderall Addiction

Adderall is a prescribed stimulant drug that boosts nervous system activity2 by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain3. Individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can take adderall to help enhance attention, memory, self-regulation, and executive function4. Those with narcolepsy can use it to improve wakefulness.

While adderall benefits those with a diagnosed condition, it does not substantially improve cognitive function in other individuals4. So for the students using adderall in hopes of better academic performance, or just using it recreationally, they are simply taking a stimulant drug. 

A stimulant use disorder alters the brain5 by: 1.) affecting cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and other functions, and 2.) acting on the brain’s reward system. The repeated use of the drug boosts dopamine, creating a craving to ingest it. With time, adderall use can destroy dopaminergic terminals3 and disrupt the natural production of dopamine—meaning, without consistent drug consumption, mood and cognition decline.

A dependence forms when individuals need adderall to feel happy or “normal,” since, without it, they may experience withdrawal symptoms like cravings, sleep disturbances, and stress. These negative consequences can also enforce the addiction. 

Despite common stereotypes, adderall is a serious drug that can cause addiction. Spotting the signs early can help prevent dependence. 

Signs of Adderall Addiction

The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, a renowned treatment provider, lists signs of adderall misuse6:

  • Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep 
  • Often “spacing out” 
  • Decreased appetite 
  • Restlessness 
  • Hair loss (often coming out in clumps) 
  • Headaches 
  • Dizziness 
  • Nausea 
  • Excessive fatigue 
  • Constipation or diarrhea 
  • Changes in libido 

If you are concerned for a loved one, a change in their behaviors can indicate an addiction. They may lie about their adderall consumption, isolate themselves, have mood swings, and lose interest and motivation in important activities so they can use. If their dependence continues, more severe health complications can follow.

The Impact of Adderall Addiction

Adderall addiction, like any addiction, affects all areas of a person’s life, making this even more volatile for the young adult population using it.

Health Risks

As a central nervous system stimulant, adderall alters blood and oxygen flow, contributing to irregular or erratic heartbeat, cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart), and high blood pressure. Over time, these alterations can cause a slew of negative health effects, including cardiac arrest and stroke7. Chronic adderall use can also lead to skin disorders, seizures, brain damage, and kidney damage6.

Additionally, adderall addiction is closely linked with depression, aggression, suicidal thoughts, panic attacks, and psychosis-like symptoms.

Social and Emotional Consequences

The impact of addiction goes beyond physical and mental health—it affects all facets of life. Adderall addiction often leads to secretive behavior and isolation, such as lying about drug use or hiding the extent of the problem, eroding trust with loved ones and straining relationships. And as addiction takes hold, the person may neglect their relationships to prioritize using adderall. They may withdraw from social activities, fail to fulfill commitments, and become emotionally unavailable to those who care about them.

While adderall is sometimes used to enhance focus, addiction can lead to decreased overall productivity. For example, someone may become less effective at their job due to the need for higher doses to achieve the same level of focus. They may also frequently skip work due to the physical and mental toll of addiction.

Students may initially use adderall in an attempt to enhance focus and academic performance; however, over time, addiction can lead to a dependency, impairing cognitive function and reducing overall academic performance.

First Steps in Seeking Help

You can ask yourself questions like 

  1. Would you be able to quit using adderall right now?
  2. Has your adderall use caused tension or conflict with friends, family, or colleagues?
  3. Do you miss important events or obligations because you are high?
  4. Do you use adderall to cope with stress, sadness, loneliness, or boredom?
  5. Have friends, family, or co-workers expressed concern about your adderall consumption?
  6. Have you given up hobbies or activities you used to enjoy because you prefer to take adderall?
  7. Are you concerned where your health and happiness might lead to if you keep using adderall at your current rate?

The answers will likely be straightforward and telling if you need medical treatment. Telling a trusted loved one can help get you on the right path to recovery. They can listen to what you’re going through, help make doctors appointments with you, and offer comfort throughout the journey.

Your primary care physician can provide an initial evaluation and refer you to a specialist for a more comprehensive assessment, like a mental health professional or addiction specialist. During this appointment, you can ask questions such as:

  1. How is my current adderall consumption affecting my overall health?
  2. What are the signs and symptoms of adderall dependence I am exhibiting?
  3. Based on my evaluation, do you believe I have a mild, moderate, or severe adderall use disorder?
  4. What kind of treatment do you think I need?
  5. How can I safely reduce or quit my adderall use, and what steps should I take to do so?
  6. Can you refer me to any support groups or resources that might help me?

Treatment Options for Adderall Addiction

As you embark on your recovery journey, you and your care team can explore treatment options to determine the best fit for your needs.

Detoxification

Many people begin their journey by going through the detox process, so you can safely rid your body of adderall. You’ll have medical professionals there to ensure you’re as comfortable as possible. This can help you feel more focused and prepared to take on therapy. It is crucial to detox under medical supervision, as withdrawal symptoms can be life threatening. 

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

In some cases, FDA-approved medications, such as Bupropion and Modafinil, can be prescribed8 to assist the tapering process. These medications help keep you safe during detox, ease withdrawal symptoms, and alleviate mental health concerns. Medication-assisted treatment can last for a few weeks or for years to maintain recovery. Your clinical team can help you decide what treatments and procedures are right for you.

Inpatient vs. Outpatient Programs

Residential Programs

Residential rehab provides an intensive, distraction-free environment to focus on psychotherapies and learning healthy coping skills. Individuals in this stage of care live in the center and have 24/7 support. Ideally, the clinical team creates a personalized treatment plan to address the unique needs of each individual in recovery. 

You might participate in evidence-based therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as holistic and alternative healing methods like yoga and massage therapy. The center may provide a blend of individual and group therapy sessions. Your loved ones can engage in family therapy, so you can find common ground, improve communication skills, and work towards healthier relationships. 

Outpatient Programs

Your care team may recommend an outpatient program if your recovery does not require 24/7 support. Outpatient treatment has varying levels of care, with partial hospitalization (PHP) providing a more intensive level of care and outpatient (OP) providing the least intensive. You’ll participate in the program for a few hours a day on certain days of the week, allowing you to go to work or attend school simultaneously. You’ll likely participate in therapies similar to a residential program and build your support network as you heal with others in therapy.

Support Systems and Recovery

Joining support groups like Narcotics Anonymous and SMART Recovery provide a sense of community, understanding, and accountability in your recovery. They offer a safe space to share experiences, learn from others, and receive ongoing support.

Family and Community Support

Creating a support network with strong relationships is a foundational aspect of long-lasting recovery. Social support in recovery can reduce stress, increase self-efficacy, and motivate lasting sobriety9. Your relapse prevention plan can detail how you will connect with loved ones who supported you through the treatment process. You may make new friends through sober activities and groups. Try your best to plan regular get-togethers with friends and family, as avoiding isolation and bolstering these relationships can make recovery easier. 

Setting and communicating boundaries in recovery is a practice of self-love and can enhance your relationships. Without boundaries, you may say “yes” to things you don’t want to, avoid necessary conversations, and be consumed by others’ negative feelings. Prioritizing your boundaries ensures that you’re aligned with what’s best for your well-being.

Managing Relapse

Not everyone in recovery will relapse, but it can be a part of the recovery process10—and that’s okay. Relapse prevention can help you address these obstacles and keep you on the right track.

Relapse prevention planning focuses on identifying and addressing early warning signs before they lead to a physical relapse, such as using adderall after a period of sobriety. This approach utilizes cognitive behavioral techniques to prevent relapse while equipping individuals with practical skills to manage relapse if it occurs. It combines education, coping strategies, trigger identification, support network development, and lifestyle adjustments to create a comprehensive prevention plan.

You and your care team can begin to build your relapse prevention plan by reflecting on 3 key recovery components: 

  1. Reflect on your recovery history. In treatment, what worked and what didn’t work? If you’ve relapsed before, what led to it? What were your triggers before you got treatment? Learn from mistakes of the past to make a realistic relapse prevention plan.
  2. Write down personal, relationship, and employment goals to highlight situations you want to be in and people you want to be around. 
  3. Identify your triggers—all the people, places, and things that could cause stress. Developing coping strategies for each trigger can empower you to live life without fear.

One of the most essential parts of a relapse prevention plan is building skills to navigate uncomfortable feelings and situations. You may practice coping techniques such as breathing exercises, regulating emotions through journaling, saying “no” to situations that do not serve your recovery, and exercise. This can help you walk into any situation with confidence. 

Attending outpatient care or talk therapy sessions can help you navigate foreign situations and continue skill-building. During individual therapy sessions, you’ll likely engage in various therapeutic methods like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). 

Creating a daily routine that promotes physical and mental health, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and sufficient sleep, can bolster sustainable recovery11. A scheduling system, such as time blocking in a calendar, can help you avoid idle time that might lead to thoughts or behaviors associated with relapse.

A day of sobriety is a day worth being celebrated! The effort to choose your health and well-being every day is a great feat, so continue to reflect and pride yourself on your hard work.

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Inhalant Use and Addiction

What do “huffing,” “bagging,” and “snorting” have in common? They’re all methods of ingesting inhalants, chemicals that produce a high when inhaled. 

Inhalant use isn’t widely publicized or understood, but it’s no less of an issue than drugs that are. It’s especially nefarious because most people experiment with inhalants when they’re young1, typically in middle school, and 10-50% of those become addicted1. Many of these teens aren’t aware of the dire consequences of inhalants.

It’s an issue that deserves more attention. In this article, we’ll cover what inhalants are, what they do, and the many available treatment options.

What Are Inhalants?

In short, inhalants are chemicals people inhale to get a high. These include many household products, all of which people can buy cheaply, easily, and legally. Here are a few of the most common inhalants:

  1. Super glue
  2. Felt-tipped markers
  3. Paint thinners
  4. Nail polish
  5. Gasoline
  6. Lighter fluid
  7. Degreasers

People can buy most of the above items at a supermarket. General use of them, like painting your nails with nail polish, won’t result in a high. But purposefully inhaling the fumes can1.

To do this, people use a few different techniques:

  • Huffing: Soaking a rag in the substance and putting it over the mouth and nose while breathing in.
  • Bagging: Spraying the substance into a plastic bag and putting it over the head, then breathing in.
  • Snorting: Sniffing directly from the container. 

Are Inhalants Addictive?

Yes. Though studies on inhalants aren’t as numerous or detailed as the plethora available on other drugs, they do show inhalants have similar addictive effects1. Concerning addiction and withdrawals, inhalants most closely mimic alcohol and benzodiazepines1 (anxiety-reducing drugs).

Though inhalants only produce a short-term high, it’s relatively easy (and again, cheap) to re-dose and stay high. This continuous redosing and moving to stronger products can alter the reward pathways and other neurochemical operations in the brain1. These changes can lead to a physical and emotional dependence.

Inhalant Use and Addiction Statistics

A study reports2, “More than 22 million Americans age 12 and older have used inhalants, and every year, more than 750,000 use inhalants for the first time.” This correlates to 9% of the population ages 12 and older. For every general inhalant user, around 6-8% meet criteria for an inhalant use disorder2. 

However, inhalant use has been on the decline3, with a more recent report from 2023 saying, “less than 1% of people ages 12 and older reported using inhalants at least once in the past year.” 

Inhalant use almost always begins during adolescence2 and is discontinued quickly. But some people struggle to stop. The younger people start using inhalants, the more likely an addiction becomes—5 to 6 times more likely2. 

Effects of Inhalant Use

Ingesting inhalants causes both short-term and long-term effects. In some cases, inhalant use can prove deadly.

Short-term Effects

The initial high from inhalants closely mimics alcohol intoxication2. This means effects like:

  • Slurred speech
  • Discoordination and stumbling
  • Euphoria (feeling especially good)
  • Disinhibition
  • Unconsciousness
  • But also sudden sniffing death syndrome4, which happens when inhalants stop someone’s heart

Inhalants can also cause chemical burns on the mouth and nose. The pleasurable effects wear off quickly, which can prompt multiple redoses.

Long-term Effects

Inhalants can have particularly grievous long-term effects2 on people’s physical and mental health. Some effects can reverse with cessation, but the damage can be life-long and can have deadly complications. These dangers go unreported, meaning most users, especially kids, don’t know what they’re risking.

This list, though long, captures just a handful of the effects of inhalant use.

  • Cognitive deficits, including memory loss and learning difficulties
  • Poor judgment
  • Loss of brain cells and white matter, which can lead to various neurological disorders
  • Damage to brain cells
  • Organ failure, typically the liver, heart, and kidneys
  • Loss of bone marrow and Leukemia
  • Optic nerve damage
  • Chronic pain from nerve damage
  • New or worsening mental health conditions
  • Suicidal ideation and attempts

Signs of Inhalant Use and Addiction

Someone who uses inhalants will show a few key signs1 in their physical, psychological, and behavioral presentations. 

Behavioral Signs

If someone’s just used an inhalant or suffers from an inhalant use disorder, these are the behaviors you’re likely to notice:

  1. Trouble concentrating
  2. Seeming out of it
  3. Depressed mood
  4. Struggling to form words and talk
  5. Irritability

Physical Signs

The physical signs of inhalant use can be some of the easiest to spot. Keep an eye out for:

  1. Paint or glue on their clothes or skin
  2. Wounds on their mouth and nose—they may look like blisters
  3. A chemical odor on their breath
  4. Paint, glue, or other substances around their mouth or nose
  5. Stains from paint, aerosols, and other substances on their fingers and nails

Psychological Signs

Repeated use of inhalants can lead to depression, suicidality, and anxiety2. Someone may seem suddenly or unusually sad, anxious and/or struggling with insomnia. These effects can result from the toxic chemicals themselves or the negative consequences of their addiction.

Withdrawal Symptoms of Inhalant Use

Inhalant withdrawal symptoms closely resemble alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawals, though experiencing withdrawal symptoms from inhalants isn’t very common1. It’s more likely to happen in those who’ve taken inhalants for an extended period of time and in high doses. Symptoms of inhalant withdrawal include:

  • Vomiting
  • Jitters
  • Irritability
  • Hallucinations
  • Insomnia
  • Delusions

Treatment Options for Inhalant Addiction

Many treatment centers don’t offer specific programs for inhalant use recovery; rather, they apply the practices and concepts used for general drug addiction recovery. As practitioners become more aware of inhalant use, especially in adolescents, specialized programs will hopefully crop up at treatment centers worldwide. 

Treatment options for drug addiction, and thus inhalant use disorder, include the following.

Rehab

Rehabs involve staying at a treatment facility to uncover and treat the behavioral, psychological, and physical effects of inhalant use. You’ll likely work with therapists 1:1 and in group settings; many rehabs offer family therapy too. Days in treatment typically involve a blend of therapy, group activities, downtime, and extracurricular outings (like hiking or going to the beach.)

Rehabs typically offer detox services to treat withdrawal symptoms in a safe medical environment. You’ll also learn relapse prevention strategies and leave with coping tools for challenging emotions. Stays typically last 28-60 days but can extend longer.

Day Treatment and Intensive Outpatient

Day treatment and intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) offer treatment for less intensive needs. For example, in day treatment, you spend 5-8 hours a day in treatment, 5-7 days weekly, but go home afterward. You’ll still engage in 1:1, group, and potentially family therapies, but without intensive monitoring and structured activities beyond your therapeutic care.

Intensive outpatient programs follow the same setup but with less time spent in treatment. Often 3-4 days weekly for a couple hours a day. Day treatment and IOPs can serve as step-down levels of care for those coming from rehab or as primary treatment for those with less intensive needs.

Therapy and Peer Support

Attending therapy regularly can address the underlying issues leading to inhalant use. Your therapist can help you identify unhelpful beliefs and thought patterns that lead to inhalant use and practical strategies to alter how you respond to difficult emotions. Building a collection of coping tools and behavioral strategies can strengthen your recovery long-term.

Peer support includes peer recovery meetings, where people in recovery meet to connect and hold each other accountable. Peers provide support and often form strong friendships that can be vital in recovery. You can search for 12-Step or SMART Recovery groups near you to find a meeting.

Find Help for Inhalant Use and Addiction

Inhalant use is highly treatable. Many of the negative physical and mental effects wear off with cessation, meaning treatment can help you feel better fast. Therapy can help address underlying triggers and causes for inhalant use, while relapse prevention strategies prepare you to live confidently in recovery.
Use Recovery.com to find a treatment center that fits your needs. You’ll find photos, reviews, insurance information and more, all in one place.

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Beyond the 12 Steps: Alternative Paths to Recovery for Young Adults: Megan Cornish

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in these contributions are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Recovery.com.

In 1935, Bill Wilson and Bob Smith were both fighting to keep their alcoholism in check while juggling demanding jobs. When they met and began to talk about their battles, they recognized a truth that would become the foundation of the recovery community in the United States: staying sober is a whole lot easier when you’re not doing it alone. By 1950, Alcoholics Anonymous (the group Bill and Bob started, also known as AA) had already helped more than 100,000 people find their way to recovery.

AA struck a chord in early 20th-century America. Its manual, called “The Big Book” by members, laid out 12 steps to guide people through recovery. The approach fit right in with the era’s thinking around addiction, spirituality, and self-care.

AA was built on a framework that included:

  • A primarily spiritual worldview
  • A focus on alcohol as the substance of choice
  • The belief that the ability to get and stay sober could only be found through a higher power
  • Strategies that were tested out and established by predominantly (white) men
  • An abstinence-only approach, with absolutely no substance use allowed

There’s a reason AA’s so popular. Research shows that, for many people, it works. In fact, AA’s 12 step program was found to be 60% more effective than other interventions for helping people get into recovery from alcoholism.

90 years have passed since Bill and Bob founded AA, and while it’s still easier to stay sober with help, a lot has changed. The old model tends to resonate with the older generations, who identify with the framework that AA was built on. But there are a lot of people—especially young people—looking for recovery resources who might not connect with AA’s traditional (and, at times, inflexible) views on recovery. And though it’s hard to find a non-12-step based recovery program, they do exist—it’s just a matter of figuring out where to look for what will work for you.

Recovery Support, But for Young Adults

YPR- Young People in Recovery

If you walk into a typical 12 step meeting, you’ll probably find people of all ages, but you might also notice that the average veers towards the older generation. Possibly that’s because it takes time to realize you need support to stay sober, and the young people who make their way to 12 step meetings are ahead of their peers. No matter what the reason, there can be a certain energy in AA meetings: stories full of hard-earned wisdom, decades-long battles, and the kind of insight that only time can give.

This wisdom is something young people in recovery need—but sometimes, they need support from people their own age, too. 

Young People in Recovery (YPR) is a non-profit that’s trying to offer exactly that. YPR gets that young adults (under the age of 30) in recovery are facing unique pressures: navigating college life, launching careers, building relationships—all while managing sobriety in a world where social media, parties, and stress are ever-present. 

YPR offers local chapters, life-skills workshops, advocacy projects, and social events, and welcomes all recovery pathways, including people in 12-step programs. They try to create a space where young people can connect with people their age who understand the here-and-now challenges they’re struggling with.

Recovery Support, But Not for Alcohol

SMART Recovery

Not everyone battling addiction is fighting alcohol. Maybe it’s opioids, stimulants, or even behaviors like gambling or overeating. And while many people struggling with other addictions find AA to be helpful, others don’t—and that’s okay.

SMART Recovery stands for Self-Management and Recovery Training, and it focuses on giving struggling people practical tools and strategies to overcome addiction. SMART emphasizes personal responsibility and secular principles, and it draws on ideas from cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing to address any type of addiction.

Instead of 12-Steps, SMART Recovery uses a 4-Point Program:

  1. Building and Maintaining Motivation: Helping you identify and keep sight of your personal reasons for change.
  2. Coping with Urges: Teaching strategies to manage cravings and avoid relapse.
  3. Managing Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors: Using cognitive techniques to tackle unhelpful thinking patterns.
  4. Living a Balanced Life: Encouraging you to set goals and create a fulfilling, healthy lifestyle.

Now, while SMART Recovery is gaining popularity and has helped many people, it’s worth noting that there’s not as much research on its effectiveness compared to programs like AA. Early studies are promising, but more comprehensive research is needed to fully understand how well it works across different populations.

But if you’re looking for a recovery program that isn’t specific to alcohol, SMART Recovery might be worth checking out.

Recovery Support, But Not Religious

In 1935, faith and religion played a huge role in the day-to-day lives of most people. It’s estimated that as many as two out of every three people identified as religious by the 1950s. Today, that number is much lower—less than half—with one in three people identifying as “spiritual, but not religious.”

The move towards non-religious-affiliations is most noticeable with younger generations. According to research conducted by the Pew Research Center, only around four in ten millennials reported religion as being “very important” to them, compared to just 60% of Baby Boomers. Many young adults describe themselves as “spiritual but not religious,” or they don’t identify with any spirituality at all.

Alcoholics Anonymous, which is religious by nature, won’t work for someone who doesn’t believe in a “higher power.” And although AA has widened its definition of a “higher power” to include anything that gives you strength—even if it’s not a traditional deity—that concept still doesn’t resonate with everyone.

If you’re among those who feel like you might need recovery support without the religious or spiritual framework, there are a few options for you.

Secular Organizations for Sobriety (SOS)

The Secular Organizations for Sobriety (SOS), also known as “Save Our Selves”, promotes a non-religious path to sobriety. It was founded in 1985 by James Christopher, who felt that the spiritual focus of traditional programs like AA didn’t fit with his beliefs.

Here’s what’s different about SOS:

  • Secular: SOS doesn’t invoke any higher power. Instead, there’s a focus on self-reliance and confidence in your ability to change.
  • Self-Empowerment: SOS believes you’re in charge of your own recovery journey, so they try to support you in taking control of your life and making conscious decisions to stay sober.
  • Community Support: SOS meetings still provide peer support—they give space to share experiences and strategies without religious or spiritual discussions. 

One thing to keep in mind is that SOS isn’t as widespread as some other programs, so finding a local meeting might require a bit of searching. But they do offer online resources and support groups, which can let you access SOS even if there’s no chapter near you.

LifeRing Secular Recovery

LifeRing is another option if you’re looking for a secular approach to recovery. Like SOS, LifeRing was established as an alternative to religion-focused recovery programs. It also grew out of a demand for more flexible approaches that didn’t prescribe strict guidelines for recovery.

As a recovery program, LifeRing:

  • Empowers Your “Sober Self”: LifeRing operates on the idea that within each person struggling with addiction, there’s a “sober self” and an “addict self.” The goal is to strengthen your sober self through positive support and self-empowerment so that it can overcome the addict self.
  • Offers Flexibility: There are no prescribed steps to follow. Instead, LifeRing encourages you to develop your own recovery plan. Their motto is “Empower Your Own Recovery.”
  • Focuses on the Present: Meetings center around what’s going on in your life right now. Participants talk about their current challenges and successes, supporting each other but not dwelling on labels or past mistakes.
  • Keeps It Secular: LifeRing maintains a strictly secular approach. There’s no discussion of a higher power or spiritual aspects, keeping it a comfortable space for those who prefer to keep religion out of their recovery journey.

While LifeRing isn’t as widely known as some other programs, it’s gaining popularity, especially among young adults who are looking for recovery support that’s personalized to them and non-religious. As with other alternative recovery programs, there’s less research on its effectiveness compared to AA, but that doesn’t mean that you won’t find it to be valuable on your path to sobriety.

Recovery Support, But Not Centered on Men’s Experiences

AA was created by men. That’s not to say it hasn’t helped women—it has, by the thousands—but women didn’t even attend AA until after the Big Book was written. 

The experiences, challenges, and societal expectations faced by women can be really different.

Women for Sobriety (WFS)

Dr. Jean Kirkpatrick wanted to get sober, but found that AA didn’t help her—- at least, not in the ways she needed as a woman battling alcoholism. After discovering and defining the strategies and principles that actually did help her achieve sobriety, she established Women for Sobriety in 1975. 

WFS is all about:

  • Positive Affirmations Instead of Steps: WFS is built around 13 Acceptance Statements that support emotional and spiritual growth. The statements are about building self-esteem, reducing guilt, and getting healthy.
  • Holistic Healing: WFS views addiction as about more than just the substance—it also involves a persons’ emotions, relationships, and self-worth. As a result, the program stresses that women in recovery need to nurture all aspects of their lives.
  • Empowerment Rather Than Powerlessness: Instead of admitting powerlessness over addiction (like AA calls for), WFS encourages you to recognize your strength and capability to change your life.
  • Peer Support: Meetings provide a space where women can share openly with each other without fear of judgment.

WFS offers both in-person and online meetings, which is awesome if you’re balancing a busy schedule or prefer connecting from the comfort of your home. Plus, it’s secular, so there’s no religious component unless you want there to be.

She Recovers

She Recovers was founded by Dawn Nickel and Taryn Strong, a mother/daughter duo. Like WFS, She Recovers is specifically built for women, but they use tools like yoga, meditation, and mindfulness to bolster their recovery program. Plus, it tackles issues like mental health, trauma, and stress. 

The She Recovers approach centers on:

  • Integrative Approaches: She Recovers embraces all pathways to recovery. Whether a woman is into 12-step programs, yoga, therapy, or something entirely different, they’re welcome.
  • Connection is Key: The program is big on the power of connection and community. They offer retreats, workshops, coaching programs, and a strong online presence so that there’s always a way to connect with other women on similar journeys.
  • Self-Care and Wellness: She Recovers encourages practices like yoga, meditation, and mindfulness as tools for healing. 
  • For All Women: The community welcomes all self-identified women and non-binary individuals more comfortable in a women-centered space. 

She Recovers also offers a directory of Certified Recovery Professionals whose training and work align with She Recovers principles. Women pursuing recovery can find coaches, yoga instructors, dance facilitators, and other healthcare professionals that can support their pursuit of sobriety.

Recovery Support, But Not Abstinence-Focused

You don’t have to be an addict to want to change your relationship with substances. Alcoholics Anonymous has a hardline approach to recovery- if you’re an addict, you need to stop using all substances, period. But not all people feel like they need that- and not all recovery programs require complete abstinence, either.

Moderation Management (MM)

Audrey Kishline founded MM in 1994. She wanted to help people who wanted to reduce drinking to healthier levels rather than quit entirely. According to MM, problem drinking exists on a spectrum, and not everyone needs (or wants to commit to) lifelong abstinence.

The key features of MM include:

  • Personal Responsibility: MM encourages you to take control of your drinking habits by setting and sticking to your own moderation goals.
  • Tools: The program provides strategies for cutting back, like tracking your drinks, setting limits, and planning alcohol-free days.
  • Supportive Community: MM offers meetings—both in-person and online—where members share experiences, challenges, and successes in a non-judgmental environment.
  • Step-by-Step Approach: MM recommends a 30-day period of no drinking to help you reset and evaluate your habits before moving into moderation.

MM isn’t right for everyone. If you have a severe alcohol dependence or a history of failed attempts at moderation, you might benefit more from abstinence-focused programs or professional treatment. 

Finding What Works for You

At first glance, the recovery world seems very 12-Step centric. Young people especially might not vibe with the traditional framework of AA, since the spiritual emphasis, the abstinence-only approach, and the fact that it was developed nearly a century ago by and for men can make it seem out of touch.

But the good news is that there are many ways to get to recovery.

If you’ve tried AA and know that it’s not what you need to get (and stay) sober, remember you’re not alone—after all, what works for a friend might not be what works for you. There are other communities available to help you. Don’t be afraid to explore your options, remember that recovery isn’t a straight line, and keep pushing to find the path that leads from where you are to a happier, healthier life.

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7 Most Commonly Used Drugs in College

College is where you start new things—new classes, new friendships, new relationships, new jobs, and, for some, drugs and addiction. Many young adults experiment with substances in high school or college, which can lead to more intense use in college; potentially, addiction.

College students tend to use drugs most accessible to them. We’ll cover the 7 most common drugs used in college, emerging trends, and how students can find treatment.

Alcohol: The Top Contender

Alcohol ranks #1 as the top-used drug in college1, with well over half of students reporting they drink. It’s easily accessible, cheap, and found outside class in most (if not all) social settings. College parties and campus Greek culture notoriously include alcohol, often consumed in excess by students with a low tolerance. 

Parties are a regular part of college culture, occurring on game days, weekends, and… spontaneously. Roommates may drink together on non-party days or go to bars after class. Alcohol is seen as celebratory and a catalyst for meeting friends and garnering social connections. Many students struggle to avoid it, even if they’d like to or hadn’t planned on making alcohol a cornerstone of their college experience.

Regular use and binge drinking can lead to addiction and other adverse health effects.

Marijuana: The Most Prevalent Recreational Drug

College students might turn to alcohol for a night out with friends or use marijuana to relax and unwind. Much like alcohol, marijuana is readily accessible on most campuses, regardless of its legal status in the state.

Students may smoke weed to relax after class, to socialize with peers, or because they feel an intense urge to take it. This often signifies an addiction.

Weed use can be more challenging to conceal, since it leaves a distinct odor.

Prescription Pills: A Double-Edged Sword

When used as prescribed, prescription pills can help students navigate chronic pain and mental health conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). College students can also use these medications recreationally.

Use of Prescription Painkillers

Doctors often prescribe opioids for severe pain, typically after a surgery or for conditions like cancer. As an opioid, these medications can also trigger a flood of dopamine2 and sense of wellbeing (especially when not used as prescribed), which reinforces the action. Some college students seek out this effect even after their prescription runs out, or they’re no longer in pain.

Illegal opioids can contain fentanyl, which is a synthetic opioid 50x stronger than heroin3. More college campuses are including Naloxone kits to help students reverse an overdose to opioids or fentanyl. But the best way to avoid the risk is only taking prescribed medications as prescribed.

Study Drugs

A grade can determine a lot—if you get accepted into a competitive program, if you meet requirements for a scholarship, and the quality of future jobs. Many college students also want good grades for their own sense of accomplishment. Achieving A after A isn’t easy, which is why some college students (around 4%) reach for study drugs.

Study drugs are prescription stimulants used to improve focus and energy4, theoretically. Not all cases of taking a stimulant imply this, though. Study drugs include4

  • Adderall 
  • Ritalin 
  • Desoxyn

A student taking one of these medications would likely have a prescription. It becomes a study drug when they don’t have a prescription or don’t take the drug as prescribed (like doubling their dose or taking extra when they have an exam).

Stimulants: Enhancing Focus or Creating Dependence?

The occasional use of a study drug, like once or twice before midterms, can be a regular practice for some college students. Those with heavy course loads or challenging classes, like pre-med or pre-law students, may feel particularly overwhelmed getting through school on their own strength. They can become reliant, and then addicted, to illicit or prescription stimulants like meth and Adderall. 

Some students may turn to caffeine, which is cheaper and more accessible than stimulants. They may take caffeine pills or regularly consume energy drinks. These pills and drinks can have 150-300 milligrams of caffeine each. The recommended daily limit is 400 milligrams, though one person might be more sensitive to caffeine than another. Drinking 3+ energy drinks a day, or having 3+ caffeine pills, puts a student at 450-900mg of caffeine. These high levels of caffeine can lead to heart issues5 and, rarely, death.

Cocaine: The Party Drug of Choice

Media still depicts cocaine as a “luxury” drug used by professionals and rich partygoers. College students’ attitude towards cocaine has become more positive6, leading to more experimentations and mimicking cocaine’s use as portrayed in media. 

Cocaine is a stimulant, causing a sense of euphoria and the ability to ‘let loose,’ which students might find appealing at a party—especially when it’s seen as the cool thing to do. But this can lead to addiction and health consequences, along with poor academic performance.

Ecstasy: The Allure of Raves and Euphoria

Ecstasy is a stimulant that can have psychedelic effects, which is why some college students use it at raves and parties for a more ‘trippy’ experience. Ecstasy often goes by the name Molly. It causes a strong feeling of euphoria and inhibition, but taking too much, too often can lead to addiction and other side effects. 

Ecstasy use correlates to dehydration and serotonin syndrome7, which happens when drugs or prescribed medications add too much additional serotonin. Young, thrill-seeking college students may be especially at-risk of taking too much ecstasy and becoming dangerously dehydrated, addicted, or sick from serotonin syndrome.

Vaping and Synthetic Drugs: Emerging Trends

Vaping Nicotine and Cannabis

College students and young adults in general vape more than older adults8. Vaping is generally seen as a safe alternative to cigarettes (it’s not). Nicotine vapes often come in appealing packaging and with tasty flavors, which a study found was one of the top reasons college students vape. 

Cannabis vapes often have flavoring too, and offer greater convenience compared to smoking a bong or blunt. Students may find this component especially beneficial, but it makes the likelihood of regular use and addiction, plus negative health effects, much higher.

Students can vape other drugs too, including synthetic drugs.

Synthetic Drugs

Synthetic drugs and designer drugs mimic ‘pure’ drugs with natural origins. For example, fentanyl is a synthetic opioid whose natural origin is the opium poppy plant. Synthetic marijuana, or synthetic cannabinoids, mimic the effects of the marijuana plant.

Some synthetic drugs come from clandestine labs and undergo zero quality control or testing. Manufacturers may market them as ‘supplements’ that are ‘not intended for human consumption.’ College students may purchase and take these drugs not knowing their addictive potential, or how they interact with other substances.

Factors Influencing Drug Use: Peer Pressure and Stress

A theme of stress and a desire to connect with others emerges throughout the college experience. Add in a greater tendency for experimentation and thrill-seeking, and you capture more of the landscape for college students and young adults.

Many students face extreme academic pressures and stress, which can lead to mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Some students alleviate symptoms by chemically altering their state of mind. For example, a study on college students who vape8 reported a top reason was to “improve depression.”

Without effective on-campus support, students may turn to substances to manage stress. College campuses can help by improving access to their counseling services and educating students on the risks of substance use, and what to do if they need help. 

Consequences of Substance Use: Health Risks and Academic Impact

Substance use in college can lead to poor academic performance, below-average grades, lost scholarships, and expulsion. Many colleges have guidelines on substance use and documented consequences, especially as it relates to performance-boosting drugs.

Students also risk health consequences from substance use, including

  • Uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms
  • Higher risk of cancer from the carcinogens found in nicotine
  • Lung and cardiovascular diseases
  • Skin lesions
  • Dehydration
  • Weight loss
  • Addiction
  • Organ damage/failure

Treatment Options and Recovery Resources

Campus Resources

College students have a myriad of recovery resources available to fit their needs. For example, many college campuses offer free or discounted mental health care. Most campuses also have infirmaries that can assess a student’s physical health and recommend the next steps in their care. These clinics can also distribute medications and treat wounds.

Importantly, more colleges now have Naloxone kits available throughout campus. This means you have better access to the overdose-reversing medication Naloxone, which is easy to use and effective. If you notice signs of an overdose, including shallow breathing, blue lips, and unconsciousness, call 911 and administer Naloxone as soon as you can.

Off-Campus Treatment

College students can access off-campus recovery resources via public transit, their own car, carpooling, or by using virtual services. Off-campus treatment includes

  • Residential rehabs, where patients live at a treatment center for 28+ days and receive intensive treatment. Some centers, especially ones specifically for college-aged patients, allow time for schoolwork and attending classes online.
  • Outpatient care, including day treatment (most intensive), intensive outpatient, and general outpatient (least intensive). These structured programs offer robust care with the flexibility students often need to continue attending school.
  • Holistic and alternative treatments like acupuncture, ketamine therapy, yoga, and creative arts.
  • Therapy sessions as needed.

Majoring in Hope and Recovery

College offers a uniquely formative and memorable experience for students. Substances can add dangers and hurdles, but by using available resources, students can find the support they need for a comprehensive recovery.

You can find rehabs for young adults using Recovery.com and compare prices, check insurance coverage, read first-hand reviews, and more.

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How to Quit Vaping

Vaping has surged in popularity, partially due to aggressive marketing and the general misconception that it’s safe to vape. Vape companies often target young adults because they’re less likely to know the true dangers of vaping. As such, young adults are more likely to vape than adults1. But as more people become educated on the dangers of vaping and see the effect it has on their lives, more and more seek to quit.

The highly addictive nature of nicotine can make quitting a challenge. But the right support, a thorough “quit plan”, and mental determination can get you to long-term recovery. 

Understanding The Urge to Vape

The urge to vape comes primarily from nicotine, an addictive chemical2 that quickly reaches your brain when inhaled. It can make you feel soothed and satisfied3–even just the motion of bringing your vape to your lips can give you a dopamine hit. Since vaping is more accessible than drinking, taking hard drugs, or other substances, it’s easy to vape repeatedly throughout the day. Stepping out to smoke/vape is both accepted and common—think of the “smoke breaks” available to most workers. It can feel unnecessary to resist the urge to vape when people have the means and ability to do so easily.

For young adults, resisting can be particularly hard due to peer pressure, social acceptance, and the near-constant presence of vapes. Many young adults aren’t even aware vapes have nicotine4. And with a variety of tasty vape flavors and appealing packaging, it can be hard to view vapes as bad or dangerous. A few puffs can quickly turn into a habit, which can lead to addiction.

Nicotine withdrawals also cause cravings2 or a very intense urge to vape. Resisting cravings can be tough, but a myriad of benefits await you in recovery.

The Benefits of Quitting Vaping

Vaping is commonly misunderstood as less dangerous than smoking cigarettes. While most vapes do have less harmful chemicals than cigarettes5, they still have them. Both vapes and cigarettes contain cancer-causing carcinogens. Vaping and consuming nicotine can lead to lung cancer, damage brain development, and harm fetuses. 

Once you stop vaping, you’ll notice immediate and long-term benefits.

Immediate and Long-Term Health Benefits

When you quit vaping, you’ll notice these immediate health benefits6:

  • Less irritation in your lungs, throat, and mouth.
  • Improved mental health, since vaping can make symptoms of depression and anxiety worse6.
  • Improved physical health.
  • Less preoccupation with vaping, which can lead to better relationships, more mental clarity, and an overall positive outlook.

Long term, you’ll experience better health and more resilience to both mental and physical ailments since nicotine actively harms the body5 and worsens mental health conditions. You’ll also save money and lower your chances of developing cancer, especially in the lungs.

Financial Savings

When you quit vaping, you’ll save the money normally spent on vapes. This can amount to a lot. For example, an average vape costs $12-20 dollars. The average vaper takes 365+ puffs a day7 and typically goes through 1+ vapes a week, though the average use, cost, and puffs-per-vape can vary widely. But you can expect to spend $1,000 to $1,500+ each year on vapes and cartridge refills. This breaks down to:

  • A month or two of rent, depending on where you live.
  • A few months of your utility payments.
  • A $5 cup of coffee every weekday for a year.
  • A new phone or laptop.
  • Getting a nice manicure or pedicure every month for a year.
  • Ordering takeout once every week for just under a year. 

The money you save by quitting vaping could go towards any of the above examples, or you could put it in savings, your 401k, a Roth IRA, or any other investment account. If you put $1,500 a year into a Roth IRA in your early twenties and retire at 65, you could accrue over $370,000.

Improved Quality of Life

Without a dependence on vaping, you’ll enjoy an improved quality of life. You can expect to feel more present in day-to-day moments, which can benefit your friendships, relationships, and feelings about yourself. You won’t feel preoccupied thinking of vaping, when you can vape next, and where your vape is.

Preparing to Quit Vaping

Preparing to quit and setting up a strategy, or “quit plan”, can streamline your quitting process and help you prepare for any potential setbacks or detours. Your quit plan includes your motivations and reasons for quitting, which can remind you of your goals when things get tough. It will also include your quit date, your triggers and vaping habits, and your support system.

Set a Quit Date

Set a clear quit date rather than waiting for the right time or enough motivation. It could be a day or a week from now, but it should be close enough to anticipate and mentally prepare yourself.

Mentally preparing can set you up for success. You’ll know what’s coming and when it’s going to happen, which can make you less resistant to change. 

Tell your friends and family about your quit date, too. They can help you stay accountable and offer support as the day gets closer, as you begin, and as you navigate the ongoing quitting process.

Understand Your Vaping Habits

Knowing when and why you vape can help you quit. Keep a notebook handy or use your phone to track when you vape and what triggered the urge. You may notice you vape more at certain times of the day or when stressful events happen. 

Your quit plan can accommodate your habits and triggers once you know they’re there. For example, if you tend to vape once you wake up, you could incorporate a new habit into your morning routine to take its place. Yoga, journaling, or exercise could work for you. If you vape out of boredom, you could try playing a game on your phone, working on a puzzle, or taking a walk.

Build a Support System

Friends, family, and healthcare professionals can offer vital support during your quitting process. Let them know you’re planning to quit, your quit date, and what would help you most. 

For example, you could recruit a friend to be your daily accountability partner. Your doctor, therapist, or other professional can offer their support and clinical advice during your quitting journey. They can also refer you to therapy, quitting programs, or other resources.

Strategies to Quit Vaping

You can quit vaping with several strategies. Each has its pros and cons, so keep your lifestyle and goals in mind as you decide which would fit your needs. 

Gradual Reduction vs. Cold Turkey

Gradually reducing how much you vape means you slow your use in increments, like 50 less puffs a day, then 100, then 200, and so on. You could also limit yourself to one vape a week, then one for two weeks, then no vape at all. Gradual reduction can give your mind and body a chance to adjust to less nicotine and potentially soften withdrawal symptoms. However, gradual reduction takes longer. If you’re looking to achieve abstinence quickly, it may not be the best strategy for you. 

Going “cold turkey” means you stop all vaping and tobacco use at once. Some studies find this method significantly more effective8 than gradual reduction because the end goal and process is clearer than gradual reduction. Going cold-turkey means you stop vaping quickly, but the withdrawal symptoms can be more harsh and disrupting. If you’re adequately prepared for cravings and withdrawal symptoms, going cold turkey can work for you. 

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can help quitting feel more comfortable9. It provides a small, controlled amount of nicotine to make withdrawals and cravings less intense. NRTs don’t contain the harmful chemicals and carcinogens found in vapes and cigarettes. The U.S.’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 5 types of NRT:

  1. Patches
  2. Gum
  3. Lozenges (hard candy)
  4. Nasal sprays
  5. Inhalers

You can find these NRTs at most drug stores, pharmacies, or grocery stores with a Health section. Their accessibility and affordability makes them a practical quitting tool. 

Prescribed medications like bupropion10 and varenicline11 can also help you quit by targeting areas of the brain that contribute to addiction and cravings. Talk to your doctor or psychiatrist to see if these medications may be a good fit for you.

You can manipulate NRT to fit your needs, which makes it a diversely effective tactic and harm-reduction strategy. You can even combine two methods, like patches and gum, and reduce them at-will. Many NRTs are sold in incremental doses, helping you reduce your intake over time. 

Behavioral and Psychological Strategies

Therapy can help you quit vaping. Working with a therapist or counselor, you’ll uncover if vaping has become a coping tool and behavioral strategies you can replace it with. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has become “the most well-established and efficacious” intervention12 for quitting vaping and smoking.

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), you’ll learn to identify the thought patterns or distorted beliefs that lead to vaping. You’ll then learn how to correct thought distortions before they lead to negative emotions, rumination, and the desire to cope with them through vaping. 

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have also been found to help12 people quit vaping. Mindfulness brings a greater awareness to triggers, your mental state, and your environment to help you navigate cravings. By identifying potential triggers and the emotions you feel, you’ll learn practical ways to protect yourself and how to tolerate discomfort without vaping. 

Managing stress can also help you during your quitting journey since stress can trigger the urge to vape. Drink plenty of water throughout the day and eat nutritious foods to help your body accomplish its daily functions. Regular exercise can improve your physical health and reduce stress. Practice self-care by giving yourself time to rest, relax, and enjoy hobbies.

Managing Withdrawal Symptoms

As you reduce or completely stop vaping your mind and body will go through withdrawal symptoms. Keep in mind nicotine withdrawals won’t harm you13, though they’ll likely feel uncomfortable. Here are some common nicotine withdrawal symptoms14

  1. Trouble concentrating on work or school.
  2. Feeling irritable and getting annoyed.
  3. Intense cravings.
  4. Feeling tired and groggy.
  5. Sleeping less or worse than usual.
  6. Frequent headaches.
  7. Increased appetite and hunger (nicotine reduces appetite15).

To deal with nicotine withdrawals and cravings, make sure you’re drinking enough water. This helps your body flush out toxins. Set a regular sleep schedule for yourself to combat daytime grogginess and trouble sleeping at night. And make sure your support system knows about your situation and can help as needed. A few other tips include:

  • Eat healthy snacks and keep them on-hand as your appetite returns. 
  • Take over-the-counter pain medications as needed for headaches.
  • Plan ahead for cravings and keep distraction tools on you. These could include fidget toys, a gaming system, a notepad for doodling/journaling, or relaxing phone games.

Staying Vape-Free: Long-Term Strategies

Relapse may be part of your recovery journey, and that’s okay. Remember why you decided to quit and reference your quit plan. Implement long-term strategies to keep your recovery strong, even after relapses.

Avoiding Triggers

Understanding your triggers helps you avoid them. Once you know what they are, you can adjust your daily habits or schedule to avoid them. For example, if a certain venue, bar, or restaurant triggers the urge to vape, try a new place. If people trigger the urge, keep a safe distance between them and connect with friends who make you feel supported and safe.

Songs, books, and TV shows/movies may also trigger cravings if you listened to or watched them when you vaped or if they feature vaping. Be mindful of how media makes you feel and how it can support, rather than damage, your recovery journey. 

Embracing a Healthy Lifestyle

New habits and lifestyle changes can improve your overall well-being, which can help you manage stress and other negative emotions without vaping. Try incorporating these habits and lifestyle changes into your daily routine: 

  1. Exercise for 30+ minutes daily. Do whatever feels enjoyable to you, whether that’s going on a walk, weightlifting, or swimming. 
  2. Eat a healthy, balanced diet with whole foods to fuel your mind and body.
  3. Set aside time for hobbies. If you already know what your hobbies are, invest time in them. If you don’t, try exploring new activities to see what you like.
  4. Practice self-care by doing something that soothes or relaxes you, like watching your favorite TV show, reading a book, or baking.
  5. Spend time with friends and those who make you feel loved.

Seek Ongoing Support

Ongoing peer, familial, or therapeutic support can strengthen your recovery. Stay in touch with loved ones and regularly attend therapy sessions to cope with challenges as they arise. Online forums and communities on social media also offer convenient support and a sense of camaraderie.

Resources and Help for Quitting Vaping 

You have many resources to use at any point in your quit journey, including online support, books, and podcasts.

Online Support

Websites like Smokefree.gov, CDC.gov/quit, and Truth Initiative offer educational resources and tips for how to quit vaping.

Quitlines

You can call or text quitlines to get immediate support, or sign up to text-based programs and get motivating texts during your journey. 

  • Get daily supportive texts through Smokefree.gov by texting QUIT to 47848.
  • Teens and young adults can enroll in This Is Quitting by Truth Initiative.
    • Text DITCHVAPE to 88709 and get daily text support related to your progress, concerns, and quit date. You can text COPE, STRESS, SLIP or MORE to get instant support.     
  • Search for quitlines and other quitting resources in your state.

Books

Podcasts

Listening to podcasts on how to quit vaping offers convenient and highly accessible support. You can incorporate them into your daily routines, like listening to one as you drive to work. Here are a few options to check out.

  1. The Quit Vaping Podcast hosted by Andrew Capriano
  2. Quit Smoking With Me: A 30-Day Interactive Podcast hosted by QR Clothing Brand
  3. Quit Smoking Now hosted by Dr. Daniel Seidman
  4. Quit Smoking Podcast: Quitting Isn’t Hard; Deciding To Is hosted by mrimax.

Professional Help

Therapists and medical professionals can help you safely quit vaping, tackle underlying causes, and feel supported in your journey. Search the internet or ask your primary care physician for a referral to find a specialist. Many counselors and therapists focus specifically on addiction and recovery, helping you understand behavioral causes and learn coping tools. 

Own Your Health And Wellness

Learning how to quit vaping sets you up for a lifetime of recovery. Remember to set a quit date, develop a quit plan that includes your goals and motivations, stay close with your support system, and get professional help. 

With a thoughtful quit plan and support system in place, you can embark on your recovery journey. If you relapse, that’s okay. Use your quit plan again to reorient yourself—take it one day at a time and remember everything you’ve accomplished, the benefits you’ve gained, and how far you’ve come.

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Challenges in Education: COVID-19, Addiction, and Mental Health

Newer generations have had to hurdle many new challenges in their education—a global pandemic, a rise in school violence, and an unmet demand for mental health and addiction treatment. COVID-19, in particular, completely shifted how school and socializing worked, and many students still feel those effects. 

These challenges have brought a rise in mental health and addiction struggles in teens despite their resilience and desire for treatment. Fortunately, students and their families have many resources for healing. Dr. Dana Battaglia highlights some of these resources in our recent podcast episode; listen here.

Stats on Addiction in School-Age Kids

Kids and teens often experiment with substances like alcohol and tobacco. “Study drugs” like Adderall often pass hands1 during finals or other testing seasons. School can be an easy place to get and distribute vapes, marijuana, and “hard” drugs like cocaine. Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused substance2 among teens, followed by marijuana and tobacco products. Here are the stats at a glance:

  • 61.5% of teens have overused alcohol by their senior year
  • In 2022, 407,000 teens 12-17 years old met criteria for alcohol use disorder
  • 35.2% of teens smoked or vaped marijuana in 2022
  • 788,000 teens ages 12-17 met criteria for illicit drug use disorder in 2022 (1-in-8 teens)
  • Half of teens have misused a substance once or more

Between 2016 and 2020, the rate of 8th graders taking drugs went up 61%. One in 8 teens abuse drugs, making youth drug use a major public health concern2. Not only does substance use damage their health and well-being, but it can also impact their ability to do well academically and advance to college. 

Social acceptance and peer pressure could initiate substance use. For example, teens may feel pressured to drink at a party to fit in and not seem like a ‘downer.’ Drinking in these situations can progress into drinking in other situations, like casual hangouts with friends or even alone in their room. 

Similar to alcohol, vaping has been normalized among teens, leading to a reported 2.1 million teens using vapes in the U.S3. Well over half of teens want to quit but haven’t had successful attempts. Starting tobacco use as a teen often leads to continued use in adulthood.

Mental Health Stats in School-Age Kids

Mental health conditions, especially untreated, can also impact students’ abilities to succeed in school and maintain their well-being. Mental health conditions can also lead to substance use4 as a coping mechanism, potentially leading to addiction. These are some stats on mental health conditions in students:

When mental health conditions affect a student’s ability to learn, they’re classified as having an “emotional disturbance.” Having an emotional disturbance makes students eligible for an individual education program6 (IEP), which offers more personalized education services and catered support services to help students succeed. However, few students get this important support. Many schools and teachers don’t have the resources to care for these students, leading to more suspensions and removals. 

Solutions center around seamless, integrated care—mental health support, educational support, and parental support all in one place: school. 

Impact of COVID-19 on Teen Education and Well-Being

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic changed how teens and children got their education, socialized, and learned. Many lost out on major milestones like graduation and prom. In-person classrooms became Zoom meetings on small Chromebook screens. As schools and educators adapted for virtual learning, new problems took root. 

A survey done by the Center for Disease Control7 reported these findings:

  • Of U.S. high school students, 67% felt like schoolwork got harder
  • 55% suffered emotional abuse at home
  • 11% suffered physical abuse
  • 24% didn’t have enough to eat during the pandemic

Adding in isolation and loneliness, these factors could strongly impact learning and teen mental health. Students also reported excessive homework and assignments8, lack of motivation, and difficulty with finding a balance between school and life. Those who needed extra help in the classroom lost access to the in-person, 1-1 attention required to help them stay on track. 

Students also lost the vital social interactions offered in a classroom. One student says9, 

“Learning without the social cues of a classroom was difficult. At in-person school, I took notes when I could see that everyone around me did. During Zoom, I didn’t know what I was supposed to be doing.” 


The National Center for Education Statistics found that in 2022, 9-year-olds scored lower in both reading and math10 compared to 2020. Reading scores saw their biggest drop in over 30 years, and math scores went down for the first time ever recorded. These changes happened because of COVID-19 disruptions like school closures and virtual learning. Despite these challenges, teachers, parents, and communities helped support students and prevented scores from falling even further. The same student from above echoes that, saying,

“People adapt and become stronger even with uncertainty. I can deal with it too.”

Preventative Measures and Available Resources for Healing

Students with mental health conditions, whether influenced by COVID or not, have multiple resources available for healing. But they often don’t know they’re there. 

Overwhelmed schools and staff can rarely provide the awareness many students need to know they have resources available, like access to school counselors, therapists, and state-funded mental health programs. Adequate awareness of these resources could help students access crucial mental health and addiction support before issues affect their learning and well-being. 

Students can also access resources outside of school, like therapy, intensive outpatient programs, or youth-focused crisis services. Many crisis services focus specifically on youths and certain demographics, like LGBTQ+ teens. Here are a few lines you can call or text:

  • TrevorLifeline: help for LGBTQ+ young adults needing support. Text 678678, call (866) 488-7386, or chat with them online.  
  • Hey Sam: peer support for people up to 24 years old. Text 439-726 from 9AM to 12AM ET and talk about anything on your mind.
  • Teen Line: support and resources for teens offered by highly trained volunteers. Call (800) 852-8336, text 839863, and chat online.

Future Goals and Ideas

Students showed resiliency through the COVID-19 pandemic and day-to-day struggles with mental health conditions and addiction. Gen Z takes an active stance in reducing their likelihood of addiction by drinking less11, up to 20% less than Millennials. Wellness trends, better awareness on mental health and addiction, and viewing mental health as important as physical health add up to make an inspiring impact.

Encouragement from schools, parents, and peers to maintain this momentum could reduce addiction and related mental health conditions in an entire generation. 

More mental health staff at schools could support this positive change and extend it to younger generations. For example, a school may employ a social worker for every grade who can provide in-the-moment crisis support, connect students to available care options, and educate parents on the support needed. 

Schools could also change or reduce punishments for substance use. As an example, catching a student vaping or drinking on-campus could automatically enroll them in an educational after-school program rather than a suspension. Mandatory education on drinking, drug use, and mental health conditions could also teach students the dangers of substance use and prevent addiction before it starts.

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The Necessity of Seamless Care in Improving Education: Insights from Dr. Dana Battaglia

We were honored to talk with speech-language pathologist, educator, and TEDx speaker Dr. Dana Battaglia on our recent podcast episode. Hosted by our Editor-in-Chief and clinical psychologist, Dr. Malasri Chaudhery-Malgeri, we discussed the special education system as a whole, where it can improve, and resources for parents.

Tune into this episode for a deep dive into adolescent mental health, how schools navigate their ever-increasing needs, and how seamless mental health and learning support can help students thrive.

Listen here on your favorite podcast platform.

Bringing Experience and Passion to Special Education

Dr. Dana Battaglia is a wife and mother passionate about effective communication and equal-opportunity learning. 

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To the special education system, she brings vast knowledge and experience with literacy disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and communication. In her current work as Chair of the Committee on Special Education at the Westbury Union Free School District, she determines if students have a disability. To have a disability, students must fall under one or more of the 13 educational classifications, which include autism, emotional disorders, and speech impairments. Dr. Battaglia has worked as an Associate Professor and Clinical Coordinator at the Genesis/Eden II Programs.

Reactivity vs. Proactivity in Special Education

Dr. Battaglia outlines the need for proactive care, saying, “…by the time they get to me, a student is really in disarray if they truly do have a disability.” Students come to her only after they’ve experienced academic difficulties, which then gets treatment rolling.

However, Dr. Battaglia notes that the system has improved in the last twenty years. Mental health is recognized as an important aspect of student health, opening up doors to comprehensive treatment for both students and their parents. But by the time students have their needs recognized, their well-being and academic success have often already been affected.

Rising Mental Health Needs and Emotional Disabilities

Mental health conditions and diagnosed emotional disabilities have been on the rise, Dr. Battaglia notes. She sees literacy disorders leading to addiction as a means to cope with academic stress. COVID-19 has also created spotty, inconsistent education and classroom experiences, causing some students to fall behind socially and academically. 

Due to increased need, students who experienced sexual assault and abuse encounter long waiting lists for more intensive therapeutic environments. General mental health care often bumps into the same problem—unmet demand and wait times. 

Resources and Help Where Students Need It Most

Partnerships with clinics, psychiatrists, state programs, and community resources actively meet the needs of students with mental health conditions and learning disabilities. Though wait times and incongruent care can delay treatment, it is available and often highly effective. Asking for help is the first and most vital step. Dr. Battaglia says,

“What I have said to families is that in my 25-plus years of practice, I have never, ever seen a child die from an extra evaluation. Or getting extra therapy that maybe they didn’t need.”

Schools can offer help through on-site counseling and academic support, creating individualized education plans. They can also refer students to outside treatment to connect them to more effective and fast care. School staff and psychologists conduct home visits to ensure student safety, provide in-home instruction, and provide other forms of support to care for their students, including Parent Training and Consultation programs.

Support for Families

Parents have resources available to them, too. Parent Training and Consultations equip families with essential tools to support their children’s educational needs and treatment goals. Family groups connect parents and offer a space to share encouragement, which schools can connect parents to.

Solutions in a Dream World: Seamless Care 

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Dr. Dana Battaglia envisions seamless, integrated care in all schools and for all students. Each school would have psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, speech pathologists, and special education instructors. Attentive care would identify mental health and learning challenges before they disrupt academics and a student’s overall well-being. Translators would be available for students of different cultures and countries, helping them assimilate into the classroom and new cultural expectations. Dr. Battaglia says,

“I would love to see a world where a teacher has opportunities to collaborate with a literacy specialist and a speech language pathologist, embedded in their day, with counseling support.”

Overall, students wouldn’t rely on a school’s limited resources and referrals to get treatment. Therapeutic treatment would instead take place where students already spend most of their time—at school. The first line of defense, though straggled now, would become more robust and capable of handling rising demands. 

With continued government support, this dream may soon become a reality, especially as educators and treatment professionals continue to advocate for their students’ well-being. 

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12 Practical Tips to Manage Stress as a College Student

College can be an exciting time, but it can also come with pressure to succeed. Students may think they need perfect grades, a buzzing social life, and adequate sleep and exercise to thrive. Outside factors like work and financial stress can also contribute to this pressure. Sometimes, it’s hard to maintain the juggling act.

More than ever in the past few years1, there’s been a rise in anxiety, depressive symptoms, and burnout among students2. Students have been seeking professional mental health services3 on campus than ever before; however, there is more demand than supply of mental health support. 

Fortunately, you have multiple ways to manage stress. Discover how tiny habits can transform your college life.

1. Time Management

Time management is crucial for students balancing coursework, social activities, and personal responsibilities (especially on a college campus with plenty of distractions). Studies have found that students who use time management skills excel in their grades4. These skills also reduce anxiety5, improve well-being, and enhance sleep quality.

You can begin effectively managing your school work, friends, job, and hobbies by taking inventory of where you invest your time and energy. What are your priorities, and do those get most of your time? Do you tend to procrastinate homework by scrolling on your phone? Do you spend so much time on schoolwork, that you don’t have time for activities you love? Be honest with yourself and see what you can change for the better. 

Set up your schedule prior to the start of the week. You can use a physical or virtual calendar to block schedule your responsibilities. Get granular with this—instead of blocking off 2 hours for “homework,” instead put “Art History 200 Reading and Discussion (pages 74-189).” You could even block off 3 hours for dinner with friends on Friday night. Visually seeing what tasks you need to do and when can help prevent procrastination. 

For personal goals, use a habit tracker to break down your daily progress. For example, you could write “go for a run” or “make my bed.” Remember to give yourself grace; it might be hard to check everything off your to-do list. Stay accountable yet flexible.

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2. Establishing Boundaries

Personal boundaries are the emotional, physical, and mental limits you set to protect your well-being. Establishing boundaries with everyone, from your partner to a stranger on the street, is essential.

Setting boundaries while in college can reduce stress6 by balancing your priorities. For example, you may say no to a friend’s get-together so you can do homework, and you may also set a time to stop studying so you can get 8 hours of sleep. Knowing your limits and when to say “no” can ensure you align with your values. There will always be more social and academic opportunities, but your well-being should be your top priority.

When discussing your new boundary with another person, communicate clearly and emphasize that you’re setting this to honor your well-being. For example, you could say, “I have a lot on my plate right now and need to focus on school work. I won’t be available for social plans until the weekend. I hope you understand.”

You can create a boundary with yourself to care for your mental and physical health. For example, you could include a “self-care” session once every two weeks, during which you take time to do things that bring you joy and reduce stress, such as reading, exercising, and getting outside. 

3. Seeking Professional Support

Numerous resources are available for students grappling with high-stress levels. Your university likely has qualified mental health professionals to assist students with stress and related concerns. A quick search for “__[College Name]__ Mental Health Resources” will reveal the support options at your disposal, including therapy sessions with licensed therapists, peer support networks, and wellness initiatives. You have the flexibility to choose the services that best suit your needs. These offerings are accessible both in-person and online, ensuring you can find help in the best format.

Because of the mental health crisis in college students7, sometimes counselors won’t have availability to take on a new client (especially during high-stress times of year, like leading up to finals week). The best way to avoid this obstacle is to be self-aware and recognize when you feel overwhelmed. Regularly assess your well-being, and if you start to experience unhealthy emotions, reach out for help. Some students may find it helpful to begin seeing a counselor through their university at the start of the semester, that way they can continue sessions throughout the school year. 

Questions to Ask Your Provider

Once you’re connected with a mental health professional, consider asking questions such as these to get the most out of your counseling sessions:

  1. How do you tailor your therapy sessions to my student experience?
  2. Can you help me with specific issues (like stress management)?
  3. What can I expect from the first few sessions?
  4. How will you measure progress in my therapy sessions? 
  5. What do you suggest for managing stress and anxiety, especially during exams or deadlines? 

4. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Small adjustments to your daily routine can significantly lower stress levels, enhancing your overall college experience. Healthy lifestyle choices that resonate with your well-being can diminish stress and anxiety, elevating your general wellness8. Some important life areas you’ll want to consider include:

As you explore these lifestyle choices, trust what feels right for your brain and body. One person might discover that getting 9 hours of sleep is helpful for them, while another may feel amazing when they dedicate 20 minutes to meditation every day. Whatever contributes to your well-being is the right choice.

6. Setting Realistic Goals

Breaking down large academic and personal tasks into smaller, manageable goals will make achieving these goals more realistic17. If you see that your everyday effort is making a difference, you may feel more motivated to continue working towards your goals. This may also inspire you to effectively use your time and be the best version of yourself.

You can track your progress using the habit tracker or block scheduling method. Celebrating your achievements along the way is a fun way to encourage yourself. Once you’ve reached a milestone in one of your goals, you may go get ice cream or buy a new book. 

Remember, progress can be alinear, and what may have been a good plan initially might need to be adjusted to fit your current circumstances. Stay flexible and give yourself grace; some progress is better than no progress.

7. Time for Recreation

Allocating time for hobbies that bring you joy can help you stay motivated and happy. In fact, those who regularly enjoy their hobbies are less likely to experience stress, low mood, and depression18. Purposeful activity, meaning carving out time to do what you love instead of only doing it when you have leftover time, should be an important part of your schedule. You may have more energy to complete all your responsibilities when you allow yourself to have dedicated fun time.

8. Avoiding Procrastination

Procrastination can occur when you fall out of routines and motivation. Not only can your schoolwork suffer from procrastination, but your mental health can worsen with symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem19. 

To overcome this, take note of what triggers your procrastination. For example, you might procrastinate when you feel overwhelmed with school obligations. When this happens, you can use task managers and block schedule your time, so you feel more in control of when you’re doing your tasks. You might enforce boundaries with others, like staying home on Sundays to do homework, and yourself, like no phone time from 4-8pm on school days. Creating a routine that works for you is a powerful incentive to manage your workload effectively.

9. Managing Finances

Developing a budget can help you manage your finances, especially during college when resources are often limited. A well-planned budget can help reduce financial stress by providing a clear picture of your income and expenses, allowing you to make informed decisions about your spending and saving habits. You could list all your expenses and put them into categories such as “necessities” and “wants.” Focus on essentials (tuition, rent, groceries) first and see what’s left for other spending.

You could search “__(University Name)__ Scholarships and Financial Aid” to see what scholarships or grants your school offers. You can talk to your academic advisor about applying to these. For more information, visit the Federal Student Aid’s FAQ page.

Some students have time in their schedules for a job. Part-time employment can be an excellent way for college students to earn money, gain work experience, and develop new skills while managing their study schedules. Internships can also help you advance to your desired career.

10. Practicing Self-Compassion

You practice self-compassion when you are kind and understanding rather than harshly self-critical when you make mistakes or feel inadequate20. In times of difficulty, like finals week, you can give yourself the same support and encouragement that you would give to a friend.

A positive mindset is a cornerstone of self-compassion. Some people are naturally more pessimistic, so creating positive thoughts and behaviors may take intentional actions. For example, you may say positive affirmations to yourself every morning or create a list of 5 things you’re grateful for every night. Small steps like these compound to a happier mindset. 

If you are typically hard on yourself when you don’t receive certain grades, try using a positive mindset rather than beating yourself up. For example, you could write in your journal, “Although this isn’t the grade I wanted, I’m proud of how much effort I put into studying. I know that I am capable and smart.” Positive thought patterns allow you to perceive stressful situations as less threatening, leading you to use healthier, more effective coping skills21. 

11. Time for Reflection

Taking time to reflect on personal values and goals can ensure that you look at the whole picture and live in harmony with your desires. You may journal your responses to questions such as 

  1. Are my academic classes aligned with my career goals?
  2. What would my future profession entail, and am I gaining valuable experience in my classes that will contribute to it?
  3. How much time do I spend on homework per week? How much time do I spend on hobbies and time with friends and family?
  4. How do I feel about my academic performance? Are there changes I can make to enhance it?
  5. Do I dedicate enough time to my hobbies? 
  6. In what ways have I been effectively managing my time? What ways can I improve?
  7. When I’m stressed, how do I cope? Are there better ways to cope?

You could plan to do a self-check-in once a week or once a month. If you need more advice, you can talk to advisors or mentors about personal development. Someone with more experience can provide valuable insights. 

12. Embracing Imperfection

Whether pressure comes from parents, friends, or yourself, perfectionism can lead to stress22 and unrealistic expectations. It can also hinder academic and personal growth because of the self-punishing thought patterns. 

Sometimes, accepting 85% is more valuable than achieving 100%, so you can care for your mind and body. Your happiness and well-being are more important than one test score. College is a time of change, learning, and self-discovery, so embracing imperfection can help mitigate these pressures by fostering resilience, adaptability, and compassion toward yourself and others. It can also create a more fulfilling college experience.

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What Is a Gateway Drug?

A gateway drug is a legal or more socially acceptable drug that, once used, could lead to illicit drug use and addiction. Notably, gateway drugs and the gateway drug theory refer to adolescent drug use and how abstaining from all drugs in adolescence can help them avoid illicit drug use and addiction as adults.  

The gateway drug theory1 suggests using “soft” drugs like alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana in adolescence predisposes teens and young adults to use “hard” drugs like cocaine. Order matters in the theory—cocaine use doesn’t lead to alcohol use, but it can be true the other way around.

Researchers haven’t conclusively agreed on the truth of the gateway theory, since not everyone who drinks or smokes becomes addicted or starts using a harder drug. Some people can use gateway drugs and never struggle with illicit drug use. The real connection, some say, is age of onset, preexisting mental health conditions, and genetic predisposition. 

What Are Common Gateway Drugs?

Gateway drugs are almost always legal (in some states), broadly accessible, socially accepted, and easy to ingest. Three primary gateway drugs include:

  1. Alcohol

Alcohol is a prevalent, easily accessed, and socially promoted substance across all age groups. Teens and adolescents may feel pressure to drink with other peers or want to experiment. Some teens can drink occasionally without issue, but one study also found children ages 12-17 who drank alcohol were 50% more likely to later use cocaine2. 

  1. Nicotine

Cigarettes and vapes contain nicotine, a psychoactive component of tobacco. Daily smoking or vaping was found to lead to marijuana use1 and other hard drugs. Those who smoke were found to be 19x more likely to use cocaine2, compared to teens who didn’t smoke.

  1. Marijuana

Marijuana (also called weed) is a psychoactive chemical that comes from the cannabis plant. It’s legal in some states but commonly used whether it’s legal or not. Weed can be smoked, eaten, or applied topically. It has a pungent mossy odor.

Some teens who used cannabis were 85x more likely to use cocaine2. Another study found teens who use marijuana usually don’t use harder drugs later on. The connection depends not solely on marijuana use1; age of use, timing, and the teen’s mental state primarily provide the ‘gateway’ effect.

Which Drug Is Often a Gateway to Other Drugs?

One particular drug doesn’t always lead to illicit drug use. Taking any psychoactive substance can increase the likelihood of adult substance use1, particularly stronger drugs like cocaine. 

Alcohol and nicotine could be considered more common gateway drugs because both are legal and easy to access, whereas weed isn’t always legal and can be harder to get. 

Are Gateway Drugs Addictive?

Gateway drugs can be addictive. Alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana can all affect and change the brain3, leading to dependence and eventual addiction. Just because they’re legal and common doesn’t mean they’re safe. 

For example, about 29.5 million Americans have been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder4. In 2020, alcohol killed more people than COVID-19. Similarly, nicotine is highly addictive5, and the action of smoking/vaping is reinforcing. 

Are Gateway Drugs Not as Serious as Other Drugs?

No, gateway drugs are serious. Any psychoactive substance can harm your mind and body, unless taken under clinical advice and supervision. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released a statement that “no level of alcohol consumption is safe.”6 Any amount of alcohol, they say, is toxic and has the potential to cause harm and dependence. 

Nicotine is one of the most addictive substances7, found to be as addictive as “hard” drugs like heroin and cocaine. Nicotine also takes effect right away (or as soon as you smoke or vape), which can worsen the rewarding effect and prompt frequent redoses. Starting small can quickly turn into an addiction.

Marijuana can affect your brain, heart, lungs, and learning capacity. Issues with memory, concentration, and learning can be permanent. Marijuana and tobacco smoke both contain carcinogens10 too, which can cause cancer.

Gateway Drug Statistics

A survey by the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse2 found some staggering statistics about gateway drugs and stronger drugs (cocaine was the stronger drug in their example, but it could also be opioids, hallucinogens, and various synthetic drugs.)

Other factors can influence the following statistics, like personality, environment, age of onset, and more. Simply taking a “gateway drug” doesn’t mean your teen will start using stronger drugs or develop an addiction.

  • 99.9% of people who take cocaine first used alcohol, nicotine, or marijuana
  • 90% of teens and adults who take weed first smoked or drank
  • An adult who used marijuana as a child is 17x more likely to regularly take cocaine
  • An adult who smoked as a child is 3x more likely to take cocaine
  • An adult who drank as a child is 6x more likely to use cocaine
  • An adult who used all 3 gateway drugs (alcohol, nicotine, and weed) is 323x more likely to take cocaine
  • A child who uses all 3 gateway drugs is 266x more likely to take cocaine

Implementing Early Prevention Strategies for Gateway Drugs

Several drug use prevention programs specifically focus on adolescents, including Youth.gov, the STOP Act, and D.A.R.E. The well-known D.A.R.E. movement focused on complete abstinence; more recent preventative strategies focus on community education, mental health treatment, and specifically discouraging marijuana use. 

Starting the conversation about alcohol and drugs can help your teen know the consequences of drug use and that they have other coping strategies available (like therapy, hobbies, and connecting to you as a parent). 

Treatment for Gateway Drugs

Many teens, young adults, and adults use drugs and alcohol as a coping tool for mental health disorders and emotional distress. Treating the symptoms of mental health conditions can prevent teens from using substances in the first place.

Behavioral therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) can correct thought distortions and help patients find new coping skills for emotional distress.

Sometimes, teens and adults may need detox and residential treatment for addiction. Detoxing from gateway drugs in a clinical setting safely removes toxins from the body. In residential rehab, patients receive daily monitoring and support, group therapies, and individual therapy to address the root causes of their addiction.  

Outpatient levels of care include day treatment, intensive outpatient, and general outpatient treatment. In outpatient, you live at home and go to treatment so you’ll have more time for school and work. 

Find The Best Drug And Alcohol Treatment Centers

To find a drug and alcohol treatment center and compare your options, you can browse RehabPath’s collection of rehabs to see photos, reviews, and insurance information.